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Open Access Article
1 - Management and disposal of surface runoff using geographic information system and fuzzy method (Case study: Bandar Imam Khomeini)
Shahab Mosavi رامین ارفع نیا Ghasem KhosraviThe purpose of building surface water collection networks is to enhance the resilience of cities against unexpected events such as floods and to improve overall urban health. Recent rainfalls in Bandar Imam Khomeini have exposed vulnerabilities, leading to severe floodi MoreThe purpose of building surface water collection networks is to enhance the resilience of cities against unexpected events such as floods and to improve overall urban health. Recent rainfalls in Bandar Imam Khomeini have exposed vulnerabilities, leading to severe flooding in roads and streets due to the absence of canals and surface drainage systems. The problem has caused significant damage to the infrastructure of the region. The research aims to implement a runoff management system using the Geographic Information System in Bandar Imam Khomeini. For this purpose, digital layers of the area, including elevation, slope, direction of slope, and drainage network of the city were prepared using the Geographic Information System. The fuzzy logic method was then employed to identify areas with the potential for runoff accumulation in the region. The research findings indicate that these areas are concentrated in the east, center, northeast, and southeast of the region. Then, using the RiverTools technique and according to the map of the city's drainage network, the best routes for constructing proposed canals were determined. These canals include sub-canals, second-order main canals, and third-order main canals. The first-order canal is the main conduit that collects the water of the second and third order canals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Study of contribution role of sub basins in intense flooding; Case Study: Hesarak catchment
mohammad mahdi hoseinzadeh kazem nosrati sepide imeniOne of the most important measures in flood management project to determine the contribution of different components of flood basinswatersheddetermineoutput of basin. Due tolack of hydrometric stations in all outlets sub - basins, achieving this objective requires simul MoreOne of the most important measures in flood management project to determine the contribution of different components of flood basinswatersheddetermineoutput of basin. Due tolack of hydrometric stations in all outlets sub - basins, achieving this objective requires simulation of rainfall-runoff process in sub-basins using hydrologic models is. Routing and location of sub catchments influence on outlet flood basin. for performance programs flood control in upstream catchments should evaluate the on basins flood and prioritized them according to share of sub catchments in outlet flood of basins. In this study, first for appointment partnership of sub catchments in flood discharge, Hesarak catchment divided to three sub catchments. sub catchments of Hesarak drainage basin ranked due flooding with performance HEC-HMS model. The aim of this study was to estimate the runoff height and outlet flood in sub catchments of Hesarak basin. Results showed rate of sub catchments in peak flow of the basin dosent only on one factor and intersections between factors that determining share of sub catchments in flooding. With performance HEC-HMS model was observed junction of two branches sub catchment had the lowest share and Chapdareh sub catchment had most share in catchments discharge and placed in first priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Flood Estimation in Varband River Catchment, Larestan
محمدرضا Servati عبدالرسول GhanbariFlooding can be considered as the most dangerous natural disasters, which often causes many damages to human life and its wealth. Flooding forecasting and its estimation can play a vital role in urban development and planning. One of the most problems in flood est MoreFlooding can be considered as the most dangerous natural disasters, which often causes many damages to human life and its wealth. Flooding forecasting and its estimation can play a vital role in urban development and planning. One of the most problems in flood estimation is the lack of data, particularly on runoff amount. To overcome the problem, the flood modeling techniques are suggested. In this paper the instance pick discharge value in Varband River catchment was estimated using SMADA software. Also to determine the homogeneous areas, the Langbein and cluster analysis methods were used. The results of the research showed that parameters such as area and main flow length are the most effective factors in making flood in this study area. The results also showed that between the two mentioned above methods, the cluster analysis method was given better estimation and accuracy than Langbein method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Providing a method for determining the flood producing regions based on the relationship between flooding index and morphometric
بهارک معتمدوزیری Masoumeh Gharib Hasan AhmadiRiver basin planning is an essential factor for sustainable development and land management. Therefore, sub-basins prioritizing and detecting morphometrically characteristics to identify the hydrological behaviors of watersheds and designing management strategies are ve MoreRiver basin planning is an essential factor for sustainable development and land management. Therefore, sub-basins prioritizing and detecting morphometrically characteristics to identify the hydrological behaviors of watersheds and designing management strategies are very important. The aim of present study is to prioritize the flooding of the basin by distributional method and provide a method for determining the flood generating areas in the Tangrah watershed. To this end, the inputs of the rainfall-runoff model were extracted and then the model was calibrated and validated. For this purpose, the inputs of the rainfall-runoff model were extracted and then modclark model calibrated and validated. In the next step, in order to determine the flooding of homogeneous units and sub-basins with unit flood response method, sequential removal and replacement of these units and simulation of flood hydrographs for designed rainfall were carried out at the Golestan National Park's rain gauge station. Then the effect of each homogeneous unit and sub-basin on the total output hydrograph in the watershed was calculated. Finally, for a flood with a return period of 50 years and 100 years for non-statistical watersheds, a correlated multivariable correlation between morphometric parameters and flood index was presented. The results of the potential runoff production map with the return period of 50 and 100 years showed that the runoff production potential was upward downstream of the basin, and the homogeneous unit 116 was recognized as the most effective unit in the high runoff potential, which is due to more rainfall as well as The steep slope and high (CN) in this homogeneous unit, the runoff production potential is nearer the outlet of the basin than the upstream areas. The results of this study showed that by integrating the GIS and hydrologic models, we can investigate the interaction of physiographic and climatic factors on the spill potential of watersheds. Considering the peak synchronization and the flood roughing role in the rivers, prioritized sub-areas as desired Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The role of flood routing in determination and Prioritizing hydrologic units Bostan Dam Basin from flooding and showing management technique
Seyed Alireza Bahrami Majid Onagh Hasan FarazjooDetermining flood producing regions and sub-basins flood producing priorities are considered very important in the management of large watersheds. In this paper the flood routing role in separating and determining flood producing regions in the Bostan dam wate MoreDetermining flood producing regions and sub-basins flood producing priorities are considered very important in the management of large watersheds. In this paper the flood routing role in separating and determining flood producing regions in the Bostan dam watershed of Golestan province in northern Iran after discharge routing of sub-basins in main waterways up to the main outlet of watershed was studied. For achieving the above goal, geographical information system (GIS), a hydrological model (HEC-HMS) and individual iterative elimination of sub-basins was used to calculate related hydrographs with design precipitation for each sub-basin. With consecutive elimination of sub-basins in each run of the model, the total discharge from whole watershed basin after flood routing in main waterways with considering the eliminated sub-basin was calculated; therefore effect of each sub-basin in flood producing capacity at the main outlet was determined. The sub-basin, with highest contribution in producing watershed outlet flood was recognized as most producing flood sub-basin. Then other sub-basins were ranked according to their quantitative share in producing flood discharge at outlet. Flood routing in waterways showed that contribution rate of sub-basins in outlet flood was not proportional with peak discharge of sub-basins and those sub basins with higher discharge do not necessarily have the highest contribution in basin's outlet flood, since waterways parameters of routing and the spatial location of sub-basins can change the contribution status. In order to eliminate the area effect in sub-basin ranking, the degree of influence of every sub-basin unit in the outlet flood was calculated, which changed the flood producing ranking of sub-basins. Finally with respect to the obtained results, required management guidelines were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of Synoptic Conditions coincided with the Occurrence of West and Southwest Floods on March 31 and April 1, 2019
mahdi khazaei Amir Hossain nikfalBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify and investigate the synoptic systems that led to the extensive and destructive flood events in the west and southwest of the country on March 31 and April 1, 2019. Method: In order to study the synoptic MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify and investigate the synoptic systems that led to the extensive and destructive flood events in the west and southwest of the country on March 31 and April 1, 2019. Method: In order to study the synoptic conditions in coincided with the event of heavy rainfall leading to the floods, in addition to using NOAA18 satellite images, sea level pressure data, sea level specific humidity, geopotential height and omega at pressure level 850, 700 and 500 hPa, Relative humidity pressure at 700 hPa, U and V component from pressure 1000 to 200 hPa with a resolution of 2.5 ° to 2.5° latitude from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP / NCAR) Received and the maps were plotted. Findings: Existence of a deep cyclone at sea level pressure to 500 hPa pressure from eastern Mediterranean to western of Iran and also the establishment of a subtropical jet stream with meridian direction (southwest - northeast) in the southwest and west of the country and finally the intense vertical shear of horizontal wind from sea level pressure to 200 hPa in the study area, It is known as the main factors of cause of instability in the west and southwest of the country. existence Specific humidity of 14 to 18 g / kg at sea level pressure and relative humidity of 95 to 100% at a pressure of 700 hPa have also been identified as suitable moisture conditions in the study area. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study show that on March 31 and April 1, 2019, the atmosphere of the western and southwestern regions of the country in all depths of the troposphere layer experienced severe instability due to the establishment eastern part of a deep cyclone. Above the cyclone mentioned above, located meridional flows of subtropical jet stream which has intensificated the instability to the depth of the tropospheric layer. Also moisture advection from the western Arabian Sea, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf has caused form cells from thick convective clouds throughout the west and southwest of the country. The heavy rains resulting from these convective clouds have caused severe and extensive floods in this area of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparison of Models TOPSIS, SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR in order to the prioritization of sedimentation and flood hazard of watersheds
Mehdi Teimouri Ehsan AlvandiBackground and Objective: To determine and zonation of flood prone hazardous area and prioritization the sub-basins in terms of flood potential can have great contributions in promising watershed management. The present research aims to prioritize flood and sedimentatio MoreBackground and Objective: To determine and zonation of flood prone hazardous area and prioritization the sub-basins in terms of flood potential can have great contributions in promising watershed management. The present research aims to prioritize flood and sedimentation potential in the sub-basins of the Bonekooh watershed using TOPSIS, SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR methods. Material and Methodology: In this present study, we used area estimation indices, drainage density, gravel coefficient, basin average height, basin average slope, curve number, sediment yield, cover percentage, sediment delivery ratio, runoff height and concentration time as an important indicators affecting water permeability, runoff production and, consequently, the potential for flooding and sedimentation. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the weight of each index is met. Following the formation of decision matrix with 18 options (sub-basins) and 11 criteria (evaluation index), Technique for order Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Elimination Et Choice Translation Reality (ELECTRE) and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) techniques were used to prioritize sub-basins. Borda and Copland methods were used to combine the rank of proposed techniques. The residual sum of squares (RSS) method was used to determine the closest method to the final result. Also, in order to validate the models, we estimated the percentage change and the intensity of the changes. Findings: The results showed that the highest runoff height index (0.18) and the gravel coefficient had the lowest weight (0.028), according to experts. Prioritization results showed that in SAW, TOPSIS and VIKOR methods, sub-zones 9, 4, and 2 ranked first to third priorities respectively and are in a more critical situation, but in the ELECTRE approach sub-basins 9, 4, 2 and 7, respectively, have the first to third priorities. Considering the results of the combined ranking of the proposed techniques, sub-basins 9, 4 and 2 are in first to third priority, respectively, and have a more critical situation than the rest of the sub-basins. Also, zones with flood and sedimentation potential in the area showed that 32% of the area in high and very high risk. The results of the sum squared error showed that the VIKOR method had the least error and the ELECTRE method had the most error than the final ranking. Also, the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods with the lowest percentage of change (59.72%) were ranked first and the ELECTRE method with the highest percentage change (65.27%) is the last rank. The lowest intensity was also observed in the VIKOR method (4.59) and the highest intensity variation was observed in ELECTRE method (5.61). Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that multi-criteria decision-making techniques are a practical and appropriate approach for better decision-making based on mathematical sciences and optimization. Therefore, these types of low-cost and fast-track research can be prioritized to protect watersheds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Experimental Study of Salinity and Ionic Strength Effects on Critical Micelle Concentration of a Cationic Surfactant (HTAB)
Naser Akhlaghi Siavash Riahi -
Open Access Article
9 - بررسی تأثیر افزایش آگاهی از طریق سیل ورودی واژگان بر روانی نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی متوسط
Saeideh Fatahzadeh sajad Shafiee Fariba Rahimi Esfahaniاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر افزایش آگاهی از طریق سیل ورودی واژگان بر روانی نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی متوسط انجام شد. برای این منظور 80 زبان آموز زبان انگلیسی از طریق آزمون مهارت زبان (OPT) به عنوان شرکت کنندگان متوسط انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنت Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر افزایش آگاهی از طریق سیل ورودی واژگان بر روانی نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی متوسط انجام شد. برای این منظور 80 زبان آموز زبان انگلیسی از طریق آزمون مهارت زبان (OPT) به عنوان شرکت کنندگان متوسط انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل هر کدام شامل 40 زبان آموز دختر و پسر متوسط تقسیم شدند. روش انجام برای گروه آزمایش 13 جلسه دو ساعته به طول انجامید که در آن شرکت کنندگان در معرض وظایف افزایش آگاهی از طریق ورودی واژگان قرار گرفتند. گروه کنترل هیچ روش انجامی دریافت نکرد و فقط از روشهای آموزشی مرسوم پیروی کرد. در پایان انجام روش، آزمون نوشتاری برای هر دو گروه اجرا شد و دادههای جمعآوریشده با استفاده از آزمون t زوجی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. این یافته ممکن است پیامدهای نظری و آموزشی برای معلمان / زبان آموزان زبان، طراحان برنامه درسی، سیاست گذاران ELT و سهامداران داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation of Nano-particle in reduction of polymer adsorption on rock surface during reservoir flooding and reduction of optimum injected polymer concentration toward reservoir with an environmental approach
Majid Dastanian Naser Akhlaghi Olghi Seyed Jamal Sheykh ZakariyaeeToday's the mostly of oil reservoirs specially Iranian south-west oil reservoirs due to production from these reservoirs are at their second half of life. Water or gas injection at secondary enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in order to stabilize or reduction of pressure depl MoreToday's the mostly of oil reservoirs specially Iranian south-west oil reservoirs due to production from these reservoirs are at their second half of life. Water or gas injection at secondary enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in order to stabilize or reduction of pressure depletion it will no longer be responsible for reducing production. Therefore, tertiary EOR methods are used to prevent the loss of production. One of the tertiary EOR methods is using chemical injections. Injection of chemicals into oil reservoirs is used to increase the viscosity of the injected fluid, to reduce the interfacial tension between the injected fluid and the fluid produced, as well as to change the wettability of the reservoir rock. One of these chemicals, which is mainly used in relatively high permeability reservoirs, is polymers that are used to increase the viscosity of the injected fluid and also increase the mobility ratio of the reservoir fluids. This leads to the relatively piston sweeping of the produced fluid in the reservoir and also the postponement of the moment to reach the breakthrough time. One of the main challenges in the injection of polymers into oil reservoirs is the absorption of these polymers on the reservoir rock, which in addition to reducing the polymer's effectiveness in the entire injection region, also increases the cost of injection. Therefore, in this study, the effect of nanoparticles in order to reduce the adsorption of polymers on the reservoir and therefore the less polymer needed to achieve a specific production in the reservoir and, consequently, to reduce the environmental damage in order to produce polymers and also to inject them into oil reservoirs have been dealt with. The results show a decrease in polymer adsorption by the nanoparticles studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Management and disposal of urban runoff using the GIS geographic information system (Case study: Mahshahr port)
Maryam Ilanlou mostafa ghanavati sadegh besharatiThe purpose of constructing surface water collection networks is to provide the possibility of securing the city against unforeseen events (cessation) and improving urban health, etc. During the recent rains in Mahshahr port, most of the roads and streets were severely MoreThe purpose of constructing surface water collection networks is to provide the possibility of securing the city against unforeseen events (cessation) and improving urban health, etc. During the recent rains in Mahshahr port, most of the roads and streets were severely flooded due to the lack of canals and even streams. The purpose of this study is to manage and repel runoff using geographic information system in Mahshahr port. For this purpose, using the geographic information system, first the digital layers of the region including height, slope, slope direction and drainage network of the city were prepared. Then, using fuzzy logic method, spaces with runoff potential in the area were identified. The research findings indicate that the focus of these spaces is in the east, center and northeast and southeast of the region. Then, using the RiverTools technique and according to the map of the city's drainage network, the best routes were prepared for the construction of the proposed canals. These channels include sub-channels, main secondary channels and main secondary channels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Synoptic analysis of devastating floods July 2015 in north of Iran
Mahmoud Ahmadi Farzaneh JafariDreadful and torrential precipitations in the summer cause heavy damages in the sections of constructive and agricultural installation in different regions of the country because of their unexpected. In this research we proceed to synoptic and thermodynamic of torrentia MoreDreadful and torrential precipitations in the summer cause heavy damages in the sections of constructive and agricultural installation in different regions of the country because of their unexpected. In this research we proceed to synoptic and thermodynamic of torrential flooding of 28 to 31 july2015 in the half north, west and central of the country. First with using territorial stations data the precipitation of under studied stations analyzed and then with using upper atmospheric data and tracing the related maps, precipitations analyzed. The results showed that spreading the black sea high pressure on north half of the country and penetrating the Warm low pressure of Persian Gulf-Pakistan from south, meanwhile, northern flowing cause severe gradient pressure in the sea level. In the middle levels stretching the trough axis from central Asia till south of Iran cause severe ascending of air. Analyzing the omega maps on Iran indicates the settlement of maximum negative omega in north of Iran. Also analyzing of moisture advection showed that in the levels of 1000 and 850HPA, the black and Caspian seas are the sources of supplying moisture. But in the levels of 700 and 500 HPA, the Oman and Arab Sea and India peninsula has the main rule in transferring the moisture on the studied region.The point worthy of attention is that the jet stream located only above the level of 300 hpa and upper the latitude of 38 northern degree and out of the occurrence boundary of supper heavy precipitation of ending days in July 2015.And it's impact was indirect which caused offloading the warm and humid air to the through and consequently strengthen the instability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Combination of AHP and TOPSIS methods to prioritize of flooding in Taleghan sub watersheds
Samaneh Razavizadeh کاکا شاهدیFlood is one of the natural disasters which every year cause to great life and property damage in different parts of world. Determination and prioritization of flooding in sub-watersheds with the aim of setting priorities in policy and management practices, is of utmost MoreFlood is one of the natural disasters which every year cause to great life and property damage in different parts of world. Determination and prioritization of flooding in sub-watersheds with the aim of setting priorities in policy and management practices, is of utmost importance. In present study sub-watersheds of Taleghan watershed based on flooding potential were prioritized using AHP and TOPSIS techniques. Criteria considered for prioritization were the most important criteria affecting on rainfall infiltration, runoff and flooding potential. They include sub-watershed area, compactness coefficient, drainage density, average slope of sub watershed, mean elevation of sub watershed, the percentage of impervious area, curve number, main channel slope, main channel length, and concentration time. Results indicated that the three criteria of impervious area, CN and main channel slope, respectively, with relative weights of 0.283, 0.231 and 0.163 were the most significant parameters relating to flooding potential in sub watershed. The final results derived from combination of AHP and TOPSIS also showed that among the 16 sub-watersheds of Taleghan, three sub-watersheds of Hasanjun, Narian and Shahrak, respectively, have the highest potential of flooding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of flooding tolerance in two-year-old seedlings of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
ghasem ali Parad Masood Tabari Kochaksaraeai Ali Khodadost Sid Ehsan Sadati Nabi AziziThe aim of this study was determining the physiological and morphological responses of two-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings to flooding stress. For this purpose, seedlings of common ash were examined in a completely randomized design for 102 days un MoreThe aim of this study was determining the physiological and morphological responses of two-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings to flooding stress. For this purpose, seedlings of common ash were examined in a completely randomized design for 102 days under continuous flooding, temporary flooding treatment (for 60 and 42 days drainage, respectively) and control. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis rate were progressively decreased by flooding while all seedlings survived at the end of flooding. Also, flooded plants were able to adequately recover their physiological activities. In addition, height, root length, leaf area, and biomass accumulation of seedlings decreased under flooding conditions (particularly in continuous flooding). Diameter growth on the other hand, increased in seedlings subjected to temporary flooding. Overall, the results showed that two-year-old seedlings of F. excelsior had a suitable response to flooding stress until day 60. After 42 days drainage, the physiological characteristics of the seedlings were recovered. Generally, on the basis of the findings in this research, it is expected that F. excelsior can be used for the purpose of restoration of lowlands and wood production in areas subjected to periodic flooding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Reducing the impact of SYN flood attacks by improving the accuracy of the PSO algorithm by adaptive effective filters
Mohammad Momeny Sorayya Gharravi Fateme HouraliTCP connection management is susceptible to a classic attack called SYN-flooding. In this attack, the source sends a large number of SYN segments to the victim system, without completing the third step of the three-step handshaking algorithm. This lead to consuming the MoreTCP connection management is susceptible to a classic attack called SYN-flooding. In this attack, the source sends a large number of SYN segments to the victim system, without completing the third step of the three-step handshaking algorithm. This lead to consuming the resources allocated to communicate with under attack system and bandwidth of the network quickly and, as a result, system cannot continue to work and engage in unnecessary requests. This paper models the attacked system using quadratic theory and maps the problem of defense against SYN-flooding attacks into an optimization problem. Then, using an effective adaptive filter combination with the PSO algorithm, it presents its proposed method and solves this problem. The simulation results show that the proposed defense mechanism has a significant performance in terms of the amount of blocked requests, the likelihood of success in communication, the likelihood of success of the attacker, and the optimal use of the dedicated buffer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Model of Urban Resilience in the Face of Flood Crisis: A Case Study of Khorramroud, Khorramabad City
Amirreza Parvari Keramatollah Ziari Saeid YazdaniResilience is one of the significant concerns of cities today, especially risky cities. The weakness of urban crisis management in the face of risks leads to substantial human and financial losses. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a model for urban resi MoreResilience is one of the significant concerns of cities today, especially risky cities. The weakness of urban crisis management in the face of risks leads to substantial human and financial losses. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a model for urban resilience against flood risk in Khorramabad city. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of data collection, and survey-based in terms of its execution. The research method employed is quantitative. SMART PLS software was utilized for data analysis. The findings of the research were validated using the Smart PLS software, indicating that the structure of communication arteries and river boundaries are fundamental factors in flood resilience for Khorramabad city. Khorramroud irrigation is currently facing a flood crisis. The primary cause of flooding in the Khorramroud River is the violation of its boundaries and a lack of respect for nature and the environment. Therefore, it can be inferred that until the natural resources in the country are violated and individuals don't equip and secure themselves against natural disasters, they have to experience such bitter calamities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Intrusion Response System for SIP based Applications with Engineered Feature Set
Hassan Asgharian Ahmad Akbari Bijan Raahemi -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation of effect planting mechanization pattern and method irrigation on consumption irrigation efficiency and wheat yield
Amin Reza Jamshidi1*For evaluating the operation of two systems of planting wheat in raised bed planting with furrow irrigation in comparison with conventional planting with Flooding irrigation a testing was conducted in year of 2017-18 in Shoushtar township located in north of Khuzestan p MoreFor evaluating the operation of two systems of planting wheat in raised bed planting with furrow irrigation in comparison with conventional planting with Flooding irrigation a testing was conducted in year of 2017-18 in Shoushtar township located in north of Khuzestan province. The attendees were conducted which induced type of planting (wet planting, dry planting), planting with line adopting on the mound (fixed furrow-spring furrow) and 3 line of planting on the mound with spaces of 60 and 75 cm in 3 line in the furrow of random complete blocks with 3 replications. Wet planting with the use of line adopting with spring furrow and spaces of 75 cm increased the operation (p< 0/01) in compares with other attendances by 33%. Also, the harvest index showed a meaning full difference on the factor of space between row and type of planting at the type of furrow (p<0/01) the most operation of seed was related with the amount of 5467 kg related to wet planting and 75 cm rows space and use of line adopting with spring furrower and the least operation with the amount of 4133 kg was related to conventional planting. The results of calculations showed that wet planting has 15% more Irrigation efficiency in compares with tool steeling and conventional planting with irrigation efficiency of 2/184 kg /m3 was the least and planting on atmospheric and 75 cm mound with irrigation efficiency with 29% difference. So, planting with wet planting in rows of 75 cm with spring furrow was the most suitable attendance in increasing operation of seed and irrigation efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - تأثیر افزایش آگاهی از طریق ورود سیل آسا در مقابل افزایش واژگان بر روان خوانی زبان آموزان سطح متوسط ایرانی
Saeideh Sadat Fatahzadeh Sajad Shafiee Fariba Rahimi Esfahaniمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اینکه آیا سیل ورودی و افزایش ورودی واژگان بر روانی خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی تأثیر می گذارد یا خیر، انجام شد. همچنین بررسی کرد که آیا تفاوت معناداری بین تأثیر سیل ورودی و افزایش ورودی واژگان بر خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی وجود دارد یا Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اینکه آیا سیل ورودی و افزایش ورودی واژگان بر روانی خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی تأثیر می گذارد یا خیر، انجام شد. همچنین بررسی کرد که آیا تفاوت معناداری بین تأثیر سیل ورودی و افزایش ورودی واژگان بر خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی وجود دارد یا خیر. به این منظور، از بین 150 زبان آموز ایرانی زبان انگلیسی، 120 نفر از زبان آموزان سطح متوسط در سه موسسه زبان در ایران انتخاب و به سه گروه 40 نفری تقسیم شدند. اولین گروه آزمایشی سیل ورودی را به عنوان درمان مطابق با فرضیه اشمیت (2000) و تعریف پیشنهادی اشمیت (2002) برای سیل ورودی دریافت کردند. برای این منظور فراوانی اقلام واژگانی در متون خواندنی مورد استفاده در دوره افزایش یافت. به عبارت دیگر، زبان آموزان از طریق مثال های مختلف و استفاده از کلمات چندین بار در متون خواندنی، مملو از آیتم های واژگانی شدند. شرکت کنندگان در گروه افزایش ورودی (IE) اینترنت اکسپلورر را مطابق با فرضیه اشمیت (1994) دریافت کردند که توسط نوریس و اورتگا (2000) با خط کشی، پررنگ، مورب، حروف بزرگ و استراتژی های دیگر مانند کدگذاری رنگ یا استفاده از فونت های مختلف پیشنهاد شده بود. اندازه یا انواع واژگان بدین منظور، در این گروه آزمایشی، آیتم های واژگانی با استفاده از خط کشی، پررنگ، مورب و حروف بزرگ در متون ظاهر شدند. برای انجام این کار، محقق مطالب انتخاب شده را مجدداً تایپ کرده و اصلاحات لازم را روی آنها انجام داد. در مقابل، گروه کنترل روش سنتی آموزش خواندن را دریافت کردند. نتایج از طریق ANCOVA مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافتهها نشان داد که هم سیل ورودی و هم افزایش ورودی واژگان تأثیر مثبت معناداری بر روانی خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی دارند. سیل ورودی واژگان با توجه به تأثیر آن بر روان خواندن زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی مؤثرتر از افزایش ورودی واژگان بود. برخی مفاهیم آموزشی و نظری نیز ارائه شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Efficacy of Audio Input Flooding Tasks on Learning Grammar: Uptake of Present Tense
Majid Mirzapoor Hamed Barjesteh -
Open Access Article
21 - Detecting Flooding Attacks on IMS Networks Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence and Triple EWMA
Noorallah Hemmati Doust Mansour Nejati Jahromi -
Open Access Article
22 - Biophysical Characteristics of Deli River Watershed to Know Potential Flooding in Medan City, Indonesia
Sumihar Hutapea -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of different planting methods on agronomic traits and oil yield of safflower cultivars
M. Mirzakhani K. Gazrani K. Nozad NaminThe adverse effects of unfavorable environmental factors are important in warm and dry regions due to limited water resources and evaporation. This study was carried out to determine agronomic traits and oil yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars plantin MoreThe adverse effects of unfavorable environmental factors are important in warm and dry regions due to limited water resources and evaporation. This study was carried out to determine agronomic traits and oil yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars planting methods at Kashan in 2014. The experiment was conducted as factorial arrangemed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were planting methods (flooding, furrow bed method, high water mark, planting on rows) and safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Esfahan local, Soffeh). Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 50 cm between rows space and 5 cm between plants on the rows. Plant height, stem diameter, number of branch, number of unfilled capsuls, number of capsuls per m-2, number of seed per m-2, weight of seeds, biological yield, harvest index of plant and oil yield were measured. Results showed that the interaction between safflower cultivars and planting methods on plant height, number of capsuls per m-2, number of seed per m-2, weight of capsuls grains, biological yield of plant, harvest index and oil yield was significant. The highest and lowest oil yield (389.7 and 254.3 kg ha-1) were obtained with Goldasht cultivar in high water mark and Esfahan local cultivar in planting on furrow. Therefore, safflower planting at high water mark method can reduces the accumulation of salts from the evaporation surface in areas with hot and dry weather, such as kashan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of flooding in the reproductive stage and Methods fertilization on growth and biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans
mohammad khadempir سرالله گالشی افشین سلطانی فرشید قادری فرTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorga MoreTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in factorial with two factors. Factors included nutritional levels at three levels: (1 - inoculated with bacteria Japonicum bradyrhizobium 2 - non-inoculated plus nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha urea) 3 - non-inoculated without nitrogen fertilizer) . The second factor was flooding stress periods (0, 5, 10 and 15 days). Flooding of soybean plants was in the reproductive growth stage (R2). The results showed duration flooding leaf surface and leaf dry weight were reduced by an average of 55% compared to control and root dry weight and root volume were increased by an average of 10 percent.Inoculation with bacteria form nodules were observed without fertilizer. With increasing duration of flooding stress nodes per plant, nodule diameter and nodule dry weight decreased. The nutritional levels of nitrogen fertilizer plus the non-inoculated into minimal impact from the flooding stress was . and nutritional parameters measured at the surface of the drop was less than control flooding stress have the greatest impact on nutritional levels had non-inoculated without fertilizerThe results indicate that it is desirable if soybean be fed by nitrogen fertilizer losses from the flooding will see fewer And the results showed a significant reduction of saturated nitrogen fixing nodules on soybean is . Manuscript profile
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