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Open Access Article
1 - The Impact of Various Source of Funds (Paying with Company’s Funds Against Personal Funds) on How to Judge the Price Fairness and the Intention of Subsequent Purchases
Mahsa Zibaian Shahrzad Chitsaz Hamid SaeediThis article contributes to scholarly understanding of the significance of procedural fairness in pricing contexts. with the importance of price fairness and the relative equity of the fair and what should managers do in terms of pricing? Till that people do not feel th MoreThis article contributes to scholarly understanding of the significance of procedural fairness in pricing contexts. with the importance of price fairness and the relative equity of the fair and what should managers do in terms of pricing? Till that people do not feel they have been abused. Because people behavior is from their perceptions, and their belief both fault and correct can change consumer behavior before buying, at the time of purchase, after the purchase, also these perceptions at different times, and also these belief and response are different when paid from different source. This research aims to examine how source of funds (paying with company’s funds versus personal funds) affects buyer’s judgments of price fairness and via these judgments, buyer’s response to prices. A scenario-based experiment is used (N _ 224). To test the hypotheses, the authors run moderated mediation regression analyses with SPSS.22. This resulted in a 2x2x2 between-subjects experiment in which the type of preferential pricing practice (offering lower price to frequent customers versus to an employee’s friends, (magnitude of price difference [low (10 per cent), high (30per cent)] and source of funds (personal funds, company’s funds) were manipulated. After reading the scenario, participants responded to questions that measure perceived price difference, economic impact of price difference, social acceptability, price fairness and buyer’s response. Findings – Drawing on fairness heuristics theory, the authors hypothesize and find that relative to when paying with personal funds, when paying with company’s funds, the perceived price difference plays a less significant role, whereas the perceived social acceptability of the pricing practice underlying the price difference plays a more important role in shaping price fairness judgments and, via these judgments, buyer’s response to prices. The findings generate advice for companies that serve both the business and personal segments (e.g. airlines and hotels). Buyers in the personal segment typically pay with their own money. To persuade these buyers that a price is fair, it is crucial to show that the price represents a good deal for them. Buyers in the business segment often pay with company’s fund. Companies have more flexibility in charging different prices, but they should make sure that the reasons for the price difference are socially acceptable. Conclusion– The research findings point to the significance of the non-instrumental aspect of consumer’s demand for ethical (fair pricing) behavior and the need for companies to assess the fairness of their pricing practices from the consumer perspective. also how the relative role of price difference versus social acceptability in price fairness judgments varies as a function of source of funds and how an inconsistency between price difference and its economic impact affects price fairness judgments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation of Optimization Removal of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solutions with Ag, Co/TiO2 Nano-Particles by Experimental Design
Nasim Ziaefar Saber Khodaei Jila Talat-Mehrabad Farzad Arjomandi RadBackground and objective: Studying photocatalytic activities, some factors including the concentration of the pollutant, the amount of photo-catalyst, pH, and calcination temperature affect the process of eliminating the pollutant from aquatic solutions. Using an experi MoreBackground and objective: Studying photocatalytic activities, some factors including the concentration of the pollutant, the amount of photo-catalyst, pH, and calcination temperature affect the process of eliminating the pollutant from aquatic solutions. Using an experimental design, it is possible to eliminate the unnecessary factors and determine the optimal conditions. Method: The Ag, Co/TiO2 Nano-particles for eliminating methyl orange has been evaluated. The four main variables involved in the process of elimination of methyl orange are the original concentration of the pollutant, the doges of photo-catalyst, pH, and calcination temperature. So arraying four factors changes at 3 levels. Therefore, considering the surface conditions for optimization and for determining the effect of each factor, totally 9 experiments are needed. Findings: The effect of the operational parameters include the original concentration of the pollutant, the amount of the photo-catalyst, pH, and calcination temperature, was optimized through experimental design. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the experiments on photochemical degradation of Methyl Orange using Taguchi method showed that the greatest effect is related to original concentration of the MO and the amount of the Nano-catalyst. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Treatement of the Wastewater from E-PVC Unit in a Petrochemical Company Using Electrocoagulation Method
Hossein Hosseini Ali-Akabr Azemati Mohammad Reza Mousavinia Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was us More Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was used for the treatement of wastewater vrom E-PVC unit in Arvand Petrochemical Company. Method: Most of the contaminants from this unit contain suspended solids, dissolved solids and chemical oxygen. In this study, the batch and continuous units of electrocoagulation process were built. The experimental design was carried out by Design Expert 7 software. Findings: Results of the analysis show that density of flow, number of electrodes and PH are the most important parameters. Time and distance between electrodes are less effective than the original parameters listed. In addition, the increased or decreased effect on efficiency of the surface response is evaluated. Results showed that electrocoagulation process could conveniently remove major pollutants from the E-PVC unit. Discussion and Conclusion: The experimental analysis of the wastewater from the E-PVC unit indicate the proper operation of the electrical coagulation process. These results indicate that the electrical coagulation process can easily remove significant pollutants from the wastewater. The function of this process can be expressed as TSS removal: 84-95%, TDS: 51-80%, COD: 80-92%, OD: 80-95%, and TN and TP over 80%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Design and preparation of Magnesium (II) selective electrode based on novel synthetic ligand and optimization by D-optimal method
Ahmad Adeli Razieh Sanavi Khoshnood S.Ali Beyramabadi Mehdi Pordel Ali Morsalia -
Open Access Article
5 - Designing Supplementary Materials for Prospect Series and Probing their Impact on Emotional Facet and Perceptions
Mohammad Hassan Alishahi Afsaneh Ghanizadeh Akram Hosseini -
Open Access Article
6 - A Combination of FSAW and DOE Method with an Application to Tehran Stock Exchange
Salameh Barbat Mahnaz Barkhordariahmadi Vahid Momenaei Kermani -
Open Access Article
7 - Deletion of Auramine O and Crystal Violet from Industrial Aqueous Solution on to Albizia Lebbeck Leaves-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis Investigating Parameters Equilibrium
Fatemah Maghami Maryam Abrishamkar -
Open Access Article
8 - Alfa- Bismuth(III)oxide catalyzed Biginelli reactions using experimentally designed optimized condition
Mahdi Behzad marzie sabaghian Hamideh samari jahromi -
Open Access Article
9 - Photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green by Sr3MxAl2O6+δ ﴾M=None, Sm3+, Eu3+, Ho3+ and Yb3+) nanomaterial as an excellent and recyclable photocatalyst
Alireza Hakimyfard shahin khademinia -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of screening and optimization of osmopriming on seed germination properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using surface-response method
Afagh Yavari Ghader Habibi Masumeh Abedini Gholamreza Bakhshi KhanikiSeed osmopriming is an effective strategy to improve the germination process. Screening and estimating the optimal concentrations of different osmotic compounds is the first step in seed osmopriming. In this study, the effects of treatment with single osmotic compounds MoreSeed osmopriming is an effective strategy to improve the germination process. Screening and estimating the optimal concentrations of different osmotic compounds is the first step in seed osmopriming. In this study, the effects of treatment with single osmotic compounds were initially evaluated at different concentrations, namely NaCl (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30 g/l), ZnSO4 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM), proline (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM), and trehalose (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM) on wheat seeds. Then, the surface-response method was designed in the form of a Box-Benken design. Results showed a significant increase in wheat seed germination at concentrations of 3 and 10 g/l NaCl, 1 and 20 mM ZnSO4, 1 and 10 mM proline, and 0 and 1 mM trehalose. These concentrations were validated using the surface-response method and experiments. The values of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.99) and adjusted R2 (R2adj = 0.99) showed that the obtained model is suitable for data analysis. One-way analysis of variance confirmed the quadratic model as the best model to determine the interaction of the studied variables (P<0.0001). The optimal values were proposed as a combination of 3 g/l NaCl, 1 mM ZnSO4, and 1 mM proline. In another experiment, using the values predicted by the model, it was found that the surface-response method can be used in screening and germination optimization tests. The results of the follow up experiment using the values determined in the model revealed that the surface-response method can be considered in screening and optimization studies of seed germination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - An Experimental Investigation on Surface Roughness and Edge Chipping in Micro Ultrasonic Machining
Hamid Zarepour -
Open Access Article
12 - Preparation of ZnO nanocatalyst supported on todorokite and photocatalytic efficiency in the reduction of chromium (VI) pollutant from aqueous solution
Maryam Sabonian Kazem Mahanpoor -
Open Access Article
13 - IMPORTANT ISSUES IN MULTIPLE RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION
محمد طالقانی -
Open Access Article
14 - Parameters Screening for Molybdenum Recovery from Spent Catalyst of MoS2 Nanoparticles in the Heavy Oil Upgrading Process
Maryam Safaei seyed kamal Masoudian Targhi Zahra KhodadadiThe necessiting for oil refining productivity has increased due to environmental constraints. Molybdenum sulfide as main catalyst plays a key role in the process of upgrading heavy oil. Therefore, recovery of this metal is very important due to the reduction of molybden MoreThe necessiting for oil refining productivity has increased due to environmental constraints. Molybdenum sulfide as main catalyst plays a key role in the process of upgrading heavy oil. Therefore, recovery of this metal is very important due to the reduction of molybdenum ore resources and also the high consumption of these types of catalysts. In this study, molybdenum is recovered from a spent homogeneous nanocatalyst in the hydrocarbon process from heavy hydrocarbon feed. Platelet-Borman design method was used to determine the effective parameters in molybdenum recovery. Seven quantitative and qualitative parameters including leaching and oxidation temperatures, leaching and oxidation times, type of leaching material, sodium carbonate, and ammonium carbonate concentrations were selected. To estimate the relative importance of each parameter, two methods of Pareto charts and half-normal plots were used. Pareto charts showed that the type of leaching material, sodium carbonate concentration, and oxidation temperature affect the efficiency. The deviations in the half-normal chart also confirm the results in the Pareto chart. Accordingly, in the oxidation step with hydrogen peroxide, 25 °C and time of 60 min and in the leaching step, sodium carbonate as a leaching material with a concentration of 90 wt.%, 25 ºC, and time of 60 min can be selected for optimal conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Synthesis of layered double hydroxide nanostructures for adsorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions
Ahmad Raeisi vanani Saeid Asadpour Narges Sarmast Masoomeh KooravandThe presence of crystal violet dye in various industries wastewater causes environmental pollution and various diseases in humans and other organisms. Therefore, research about the elimination or destruction of this pollutant is necessary. In present study, the efficien MoreThe presence of crystal violet dye in various industries wastewater causes environmental pollution and various diseases in humans and other organisms. Therefore, research about the elimination or destruction of this pollutant is necessary. In present study, the efficiency of layer double hydroxides modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (LDH/SDS) as adsorbent was studied to remove this pollutant from wastewater. After synthesis of the adsorbent, it was characterized with instrumental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of parameters such as pH, contact time, and initial concentration was studied with experimental design. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tamkin's equations were estimated in order to find the best isotherm model for absorption data. Experimental data were fitted with Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, and interparticle diffusion kinetic models, and the best kinetic model was presented. The validity of equation was confirmed with the results of experimental design and their statistical analysis. Analysis of the data showed that the adsorption of crystal violet on LDH/SDS follows Langmuir isotherm model and Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Optimization of operating conditions and the role of ultrasound waves in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using apple tree leaf extract
Sarvin Mohammadi-Aghdam Omid AhmadiApple tree leaf extract is one of the effective materials in the synthesis of AgNPs, the results of FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of several reducing agents. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing 2 ml of extract with 8 ml of AgNO3 solution based on the design of the MoreApple tree leaf extract is one of the effective materials in the synthesis of AgNPs, the results of FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of several reducing agents. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing 2 ml of extract with 8 ml of AgNO3 solution based on the design of the experiment by surface response methodology in the heating temperature range of 30-70 °C and ultrasound time of 5-25 min. After the optimization, the results showed that the temperature of 52 °C and the duration of 15 min was the most suitable mode for the synthesis of AgNPs, in which the highest concentration was 27.10 ppm, the lowest average particle size was 66 nm, and the highest antioxidant property was 31.48. %. The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy and DLS analysis were confirmed at the optimum point with a slight difference, and the PDI and zeta potential were obtained as 0.397 and 21.2 mV, respectively. AgNPs showed good antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with halo diameters of 56 and 48 mm, respectively. The antifungal property of nanoparticles was 72%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Determination of atorvastatin tablet samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of organic drop and central composite design optimization using high-performance liquid chromatography
فرشته شیری بهشاره هاشمی ایمان فضلیپور مسعود نجاتی یزدی نژادA simple, rapid, and inexpensive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of organic drop (DLLME-SFO) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the extraction and determination of trace levels of atorvastatin (ATV) in MoreA simple, rapid, and inexpensive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of organic drop (DLLME-SFO) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the extraction and determination of trace levels of atorvastatin (ATV) in tablet. Effect of variables such as extracting and dispersive solvent volume and pH were investigated simultaneously using experimental design. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 1-200 μg L-1 with the detection limit of 0.3 μg L-1. The optimized method revealed a good precision with relative standard deviation (RSD) of2.2 %.The performance of the method was evaluated for extraction and determination of ATV in tablet sample. The results of this study revealed that the proposed method gives high extraction efficiency and low LOD. The most important advantage of this technique is that the use of large sample volumes and toxic organic solvents have been omitted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Bio-adsorption process of heavy metal contaminants by the bacterium:Study of the effect of various conditions using response surface methodology
سمیه محمدیان روح افزا اکبری مونا طاهری فاطمه اکبریThe entrance of heavy metals contaminants into the aqueous environment, due to their toxicity and the biological damages is hazardous for the human health. So the separation of them from the environment is an important subject. In this work, adsorption of heavy metals w MoreThe entrance of heavy metals contaminants into the aqueous environment, due to their toxicity and the biological damages is hazardous for the human health. So the separation of them from the environment is an important subject. In this work, adsorption of heavy metals was investigated using biological method. The process of adsorption of copper and manganese using bacterium were done at different conditions (pH, temperature, and adsorbent concentration). Besides, the experimental design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to study the interactions between parameters and to draw the surface diagrams, and the estimation of the mathematical equation (absorbance versus variables) as a polynomial model. Results showed that increasing of pH up to 6 increased the bio-sorption of both Mn and Cu. Increment in temperature and adsorbent content had the same effect. Although the absorbance of Mn was a little higher than Cu, both of them showed the same changes with variables. The observed increment effects were lower at lower levels of variables and became more considerable at higher levels of variables. In each level of absorbent, with increasing of the temperature, absorbance increased which was greater at higher pH. Also, the incremental effect of pH was more remarkable at the higher bacterium concentration. The effect of each variable was influenced by another one. Using RSM, the bio-sorption amounts of both Cu and Mn were formulated versus T, pH, and adsorbent content, with a suitable accuracy and low error. In addition, the interactions between parameters were analyzed considering 3D plots and the coefficients of the achieved equations. Finally, the predicted results from the equations for the new experimental conditions were compared with the the experimental results, which showed a good agreement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Efficacy of Multi-Component Instruction on Children with Special Learning Disorder in Spelling: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study
Hamidreza Hassanabadi Razieh Tayyebi Parvin Kadivar Dyslexia is a disorder that affects reading and spelling, but in fact, poor spelling is often described as the hallmark of dyslexia. Unfortunately, researchers have focused mainly on reading interventions and equal emphasis on timely interventions on spelling has More Dyslexia is a disorder that affects reading and spelling, but in fact, poor spelling is often described as the hallmark of dyslexia. Unfortunately, researchers have focused mainly on reading interventions and equal emphasis on timely interventions on spelling has been neglected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a multi-component spelling instruction in 4 students with specific learning disorder in spelling in an ABA design. Intervention was presented in 12 sessions and data were analyzed using visual analysis and quantitative methods by R software. Non-overlap of all pair's analysis (NAP) confirmed a significant increase in the spelling performance of 4 participants compared to baseline. In addition, findings did not show a significant reduction in participants' performance between the intervention phase and the maintenance phase (A2). Findings of this study seem promising to provide a multicomponent approach to treatment of multi-component deficits in specific learning disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Optimization of biomass production by probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnonsus at pilot-plant scale
Maryam Armand Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi Mohammad Reza Fazeli Mirsassan MirpourBackground & objectives: Probiotics play a very important role in improving the normal intestinal flora and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and are also important for therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to optimize biomas MoreBackground & objectives: Probiotics play a very important role in improving the normal intestinal flora and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and are also important for therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to optimize biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC53103 (GG) using the experimental design process. Materials and Methods: In this study, the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus was used. Plackett-Burman design method was used for the optimization. Fermentations in basal and optimized cultures were performed in 1300 liter Parspad Company's fermenters. Results: The results showed that beet molasses, glucose, and casein have the greatest effect on biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Glucose with casein and beet molasses have a synergistic effect and increasing the concentration of glucose with increasing the concentration of two other factors increases the production of the biomass. Based on the results obtained, after optimization, the optimal culture medium for biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus has the following compounds g/L-1: glucose 112.50, beet molasses 56.25, casein 18.75, yeast extract 18.75, K2HPO4 13.13, Tween 80 1.88, MgSO4. 7H2O 0.3750, MnSO4. 4H2O 0.0750, CaCl2. 2H2O 0.1875 and Simethicone1.25. The biomass production in optimized conditions was increased more than 2-folds higher than the basal medium. Conclusion: Biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on a semi-industrial scale was carried out in 1300 liters fermentors. Therefore, the results of this study can be used in the industrial production of Lactobacillus rhamnosus biomass. Also, commercial production under fed-batch and continuous culture conditions is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Preconcentration based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for spectrophotometric determination of zinc in natural water and human blood after multivariate optimization based on Box-Behnken design
Ali Niazi Mona Akbari Roza Negahdari Maryam Sarkhosh Asiyeh Khosravi -
Open Access Article
22 - On the Hydrogen Cyanide Removal from Air using Metal loaded Polyacrylonitrile Composite Nanofibers
Bozorgmehr Maddah Hamid Chamani Mahdi Hasanzadeh -
Open Access Article
23 - Screening of volatiles of Allium tripedale Trautv. and evaluation of the biological activities of its methanol extract
Majid Mohammadhosseini Behnam Mahdavi Mousa GholamiIn this report, the volatile profiles from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Allium tripedale Trautv. have been characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Accordingly, high quantitie MoreIn this report, the volatile profiles from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Allium tripedale Trautv. have been characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Accordingly, high quantities of non-terpene hydrocarbons have been identified as the major constituting groups of all the relevant chemical profiles. The impact of the experimental variables has also been optimized using Design-Expert software. In addition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the methanol extract of the plant material have been determined. The results of this study revealed that this plant can be considered a potent antioxidant and antibacterial agent, serving as an alternative to chemical drugs. Manuscript profile
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