• List of Articles Drink

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Synthesis of activated carbon cellulose lignin residue in order to reduce nitrate from aqueous solutions, case study of drinking water in Mlard city
        Maryam Khandani Lobat Taghavi Fariba Zamani Hargalani
        10.30495/jrnr.2021.19221
        Nitrate pollution is a pervasive and international challenge worldwide and trigger various environmental issues and negative effects on the earth. Therefore, studies and researches in the field of nitrate reduction from drinking water are crucial. The present study synt More
        Nitrate pollution is a pervasive and international challenge worldwide and trigger various environmental issues and negative effects on the earth. Therefore, studies and researches in the field of nitrate reduction from drinking water are crucial. The present study synthesized activated carbon from plum kernel and then the effect of activated carbon produced in reducing the concentration of nitrate in the water of wells supplying drinking water in Mallard region. In this study, a sample of activated carbon adsorbent was synthesized by pyrolysis furnace method. The structure of synthesized activated carbon was confirmed using XRD, FTIR and BET analyzes. The results showed that at 25 °C, 120 min, pH=5 and with the activated carbon 80 mg L-1, nitrate concentration can be reduced 45%. Studies in Friendlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models also showed that the nitrate adsorption process completely followed the Langmuir adsorption equation and the value of R2 was 85 percent. The findings of the present study showed that activated carbon synthesized from plum kernel lingocellulosic residue is an acceptable option for reducing nitrate from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of athletes related to sports drinks and electrolytes in hydration status
        M. Asafari M. Hozoori Z. SheikhiZadeh
        10.30495/jftn.2023.71429.11236
        Introduction: Replacement of fluids excreted during exercise play an important role in in the success of athletes. However, according to the studies, knowledge and attitude about fluid intake are insufficient, and sometimes this lack of awareness leads to death. Therefo More
        Introduction: Replacement of fluids excreted during exercise play an important role in in the success of athletes. However, according to the studies, knowledge and attitude about fluid intake are insufficient, and sometimes this lack of awareness leads to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and behavior of athletes about sport drinks.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 18 sports clubs in Qom were randomly selected and 272 researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among the athletes. The questionnaire contained demographic questions and also included 14 questions about knowledge, 9 questions about attitude and 7 questions about practice. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined by assessment experts and Cronbach's alpha (N=24, α=0.83). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.Results: In this study, 48% of the people know thirst is the best index for drinking water during exercise and 63% were unaware of the positive effects of sugary drinks on athletic performance. The number of athletes that preferred water to other beverages was 75% and about 70% had no attitude about adding carbohydrates. Also, age and education did not have correlations with level of awareness.Conclusion: The findings of this study show that athletes had incorrect attitude about fluid intake and it has caused dangerous consequences such as death. Therefore, education and training for athletes and their coaches to increase their sport activity with respect to nutritional awareness is essential. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Antimicrobial and Organoleptic Effects of Mentha aquatica Essential Oil on Kluyveromyces marxianus in Iranian Yoghurt Drink
        S. Aghdasi H. Kaboosi L. Golestan
        Introduction: Mentha aquatica is one of the species of mint family. The essential oil of this plant has shown effective antimicrobial properties on various kinds of microorganisms in the culture. This study aims to investigate the preventive influence of Mentha aquatic More
        Introduction: Mentha aquatica is one of the species of mint family. The essential oil of this plant has shown effective antimicrobial properties on various kinds of microorganisms in the culture. This study aims to investigate the preventive influence of Mentha aquatic essential oil on viability of Kluyveromyces marxianus in Iranian yoghurt drink. Materials and Methods: Mentha aquatic essential oil was obtained by distillation method employing Clevenger apparatus. The effective composition of the essential oil was identified by Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). The inhibitory effect of Mentha aquatic essential oil on kluyveromyces marxianus was examined on Muller Hinton agar culture using diffusion disk method. After assurance of its antimicrobial properties, the Inhibitory influence of Mentha aquatic essential oil was studied on Kluyveromyces marxianus at 0.05, 0.1, 0.125 and 0.25% concentrations in Iranian drinking yoghurt during 28 days of storage. Results: The results showed that Mentha aquatica essential oil has the highest inhibitory effect on Kluyveromyces marxianus growth at high concentrations. Concerning the antimicrobial property and organoleptic characteristics, it might be concluded that 0.1% concentration of the essential oil might be regarded as the optimum concentration. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Mentha aquatic essential oil, caused a declining effect on the viability of microorganism studied. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Production of Probiotic Fermented Beverage from Turnip (Brassica rapa) and Purple Carrots (Daucus carota) Using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus paracasei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
        M. Ghaempanah M. Hashemiravan A. Sharifan
        Introduction: Natural beverages from vegetable origin are one of the most important and consuming products that have been widely introduced in the food program in recent years. Violet carrots can be used as a valuable source for the production of complementary foods bec More
        Introduction: Natural beverages from vegetable origin are one of the most important and consuming products that have been widely introduced in the food program in recent years. Violet carrots can be used as a valuable source for the production of complementary foods because of the presence of phenolic compounds (antioxidants), vitamin C, carotene and other nutrients. On the other hand, turnip can also be an unexpensive and valuable source of fiber, vitamin and important minerals such as potassium. Beverages are one of the most important and widely consumed products that have been widely introduced in the diet in recent years. Materials and Methods: In this study, 3 species of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum) were used to produce probiotic beverages. Chemical, qualitative and sensory tests were performed in 3 replications. Fermented beverage with the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) without bacteria was used as a control sample. pH, alcohol and number of bacteria after 24, 48 and 72 fermentation were investigated. Sensory evaluation was also carried out to evaluate the acceptance of this drink by 10 pints. Results: The results showed that lactobacillus paracasei (7.79 log cfu/ml bacteria 72 h after of fermentation) had a higher acceptance than other bacteria. The value of pH was 3.8 and the amount of alcohol produced in the sample containing this bacterium was lower. Conclusion: According to the total results, the sample containing Lactobacillus paracasei has the best quality among the other treatments.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Investigating the Awareness of Food and Beverage Consumers Regarding the Types of Packaging
        mohammad mahdavi mazdeh nima fakhim hashemi
        Introduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.C More
        Introduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.Considering the importance of this issue that has a direct relationship with human health and bioenvironmental issues, this research is concerned with consumers' awareness in respect of advantages and disadvantages of packing types of foods and drinks. Moreover, the criteria for appropriate packing were investigated from consumer’s viewpoint.Materials and Methods: The applied tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire, that was prepared considering the ideas of the experts of this field along with structured interviews and the reliability was confirmed by the experts of this industry.Results: The results of the present work indicated that, although a large number of consumers are relatively aware of the disadvantages of PET containers, but it is inevitable not to use them.Conclusion: Lightness, ease of use, non-fragility, availability and inexpensiveness along with being the sole option in the market were some reasons for more usage of PET containers as compared to other packing containers. In terms of drinking water (mineral water) and beverages, lack of any other alternative products was the main reasons for using these containers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Investigating the Possibility of Producing Low-sodium Yoghurt Drink Containing Dill Essential Oil and Potassium Chloride
        S. Samaee L. Nateghi S. Berenjy
        Introduction: Yoghurt Drink is an Iranian dairy drink with nutritional benefits. However dueto the presence of sodium chloride salt, it restricts the its use in people with hypertension. Onthe other hand, the antifungal and antibacterial effects and desirable aroma of d More
        Introduction: Yoghurt Drink is an Iranian dairy drink with nutritional benefits. However dueto the presence of sodium chloride salt, it restricts the its use in people with hypertension. Onthe other hand, the antifungal and antibacterial effects and desirable aroma of dill essential oilhave been confirmed. Therefore, in order to help patients with blood pressure and to takeadvantage of the health benefits of Yoghurt Drink, a low-salt Yoghurt Drink product with thereplacement of potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride and the use of dill essential oilis produced to improve the taste and increase the shelf life of the Yoghurt Drink.Materials and Methods: Salts were substituted in Yoghurt Drink formulations withconcentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% by potassium chloride alone and with 0.3%of dill essential oil. Therefore, 10 treatments were designed according to completelyrandomized design. Physicochemical tests including acidity, pH, sedimentation, dry matterand sediment, mold and coliform, and sensory evaluation (taste, salinity, oral sensation, totalacceptance) were camied out in triplicate orden on the first and sixty days of maintenance.Results: The results of the tests were analyzed according to Duncan's one-way ANOVA testat 95% confidence level. The results of physicochemical and microbial properties showed thatreplacement of sodium salt with potassium chloride had no significant effect on acidity, pH,sedimentation, dry matter (p < 0.05). According to the results, by increasing the concentrationof potassium salt in respect of sodium salt at concentrations higher than 50% in the presenceof 0.3% of the essential oil, the organoleptic properties of the product significantly decreased(p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study proved the possibility of replacing sodium salts withpotassium salts up to 50% in the presence of 0.3% of essential oils, without undesirableeffects on the physico-chemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of the product. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Validation of Taurine Determination Method in Energy Drinks by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
        M. Zabihi Negin M. Taherkhani
        10.30495/jfbt.2023.74673.10311
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Formulation and Production of New Carbonated Malt and Jujube Drink and Evaluation of its Physicochemical, Microbial and Sensory Properties during Storage
        M. Mohseni A. Rahmani F. Soleimany
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Production of a New Drink by Using Date Syrup and Milk
        F. Raiesi Ardali E. Rahimi S. Tahery M. A. Shariati
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - The study of oil-contamination groundwater due to Shazand Refinery
        Abdorreza Vaezi hir Sanaz Qobadiyan Alireza Golmohamadi
        10.22034/jest.2018.17977.2693
        Background and Purpose: Shazand oil refinery, as the biggest producer of gasoline in the Middle East, is located 22 km to the Southwest of Arak and the Northeast of Shazand plain. Due to presence of various storage tanks of crude oil and oil products, processing unites More
        Background and Purpose: Shazand oil refinery, as the biggest producer of gasoline in the Middle East, is located 22 km to the Southwest of Arak and the Northeast of Shazand plain. Due to presence of various storage tanks of crude oil and oil products, processing unites and conveyance lines of oil products, it is very possible the leakage of pollution from tanks and conveyance lines into the soil and groundwater. Shazand plain aquifer is an unconfined and consists of coarse-grained alluvial deposits with a flow direction from the refinery to the agriculture wells which are located at the center of plain. Hence, groundwater contamination, which was resulted from the oil pollution of Shazand refinery was investigated. Material and Method: In this study, 16 wells were sampled in study area on Jun 2015 and they delivered to laboratory for analyzing. Compound BTEX and MTBE analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID[1]). To investigate contamination in study area, results of analyses of BTEX and MTBE were compared with valid standards of drinking and agriculture water. Result: The results show that 6 wells are polluted at the East and South of refinery and the east and Northeast of petrochemical complex. A part of the groundwater contamination was due to atmospheric washout and the other part relates to leak from utilities, tanks and conveyance lines. Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the already existing and the other possible forms of contamination in the area, it is proposed that before taking, the exact source of contamination be identified and proper measures to clean the area be chosen based on expert opinion.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Assessment of Physical, Chemical and Microbial Quality of Drinking Water of Jiroft City
        Malihe Amini reyhane dehghan
        10.30495/jest.2019.43941.4649
        Background and Objective: The physical, chemical and microbial properties of drinking water are the basis for judging its drinking potential. Undesirable changes in these parameters can threaten the health of consumers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate t More
        Background and Objective: The physical, chemical and microbial properties of drinking water are the basis for judging its drinking potential. Undesirable changes in these parameters can threaten the health of consumers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbial quality of drinking water and compare it with national standards and the Environmental Protection Agency.Material and Methodology: 33 samples from 11 stations in the water distribution network of Jiroft were collected directly. Physical and chemical tests include Electrolytic Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, Residual chlorine, Total soluble solids (TDS), Fluoride and Nitrate were done based on the standard methods and microbial tests also included total coliform and fecal coliform with multi-pipe fermentation method was applied. This study was performed in the 2017 year.Findings: The average of the measured parameters were included electrical conductivity 720.69 microsiem/cm, turbidity 0.53 NTU, pH 7.86, total soluble solids 397.8, chlorine residue 0.32, nitrate 11.77 and chlorine residue 0.66 mg/l. Other than Nitrates and TDS, which were above the national standard, other parameters were in national standards and EPA drinking water. Also, the health quality of the water distribution network in Jiroft was not a problem, and it was at the national level and the EPA.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the drinking water of the Jiroft distribution network is without problem in physically, chemically and biologically aaspects and it is safe to drink. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Investigating the Probability of Water Coolers Contamination with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in a number of Tehran Hospitals
        Samaneh Abdi Andrabi Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad Shirazi Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Maryam Ataee
        10.22034/jest.2019.41667.4544
        Background and Objective: Evaluation of the probability of water cooler contamination in hospitals to determine the water quality has important role in social safty. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is considered as an opportunistic pathogen, since it is possible to grow with min More
        Background and Objective: Evaluation of the probability of water cooler contamination in hospitals to determine the water quality has important role in social safty. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is considered as an opportunistic pathogen, since it is possible to grow with minimal nutritional requirements, it can grow in water bodies containing very little food such as tap water. This ability has led to their continuous presence in the hospital environment. The main objective of this study was to determine the rate of contamination in few of Tehran's hospitals water-cooling devices in terms of contamination with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Method: This is an experimental study and the stages of work were based on observation and test in the laboratory. Water samples were sampled in two seasons (autumn and winter) in 100 samples from five hospitals in different regions of Tehran. At first, the samples were transferred to the laboratory in a compartment filled with ice gel at 4 °C, and then the tubes containing different media were kept in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 to 48 hours. Then, the samples were examined for nutritional needs in terms of growth rate, carbohydrate usage by possible bacteria through oxidation or fermentation, glucose fermentation pathways, and determination of the bacterial power in the use of citrate, the presence of enzyme oxidase and catalase, the presence or absence of Enterobacteriaceae species and Salmonella was examined using culture media and specific tests. Data analysis was done descriptively using excel and SPSS software. Findings: As a result of the research Bacillus species were identified. Also, in the tested specimens, pseudomonas susceptible to Aeruginosa species and the suspected alcaligenes species of Faecalis were also identified. Discussion &Conclusion: The temperature has a significant effect on the growth of the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and a high temperature of 37 °C leads to the increase in growth rate, and in low temperature of 4 °C during sunlight in cold weather (autumn and winter), the bacteria could not be detected in water coolers Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Investigation on water quality of zabol chahnimeh reservoirs from drinking water and agricultural viewpoint with focus on schuler & vilcoks diagrams
        Iman Homayoonnezhad Paria Amirian Issa Piri
        Introduction & aim: Because of the water deficiency, people's requirements and high costs of refining especially in urban zones, water resources management is very essential. Zabol Chahnimeh reservoirs are three natural and big cavities in the south of Sistan Plain More
        Introduction & aim: Because of the water deficiency, people's requirements and high costs of refining especially in urban zones, water resources management is very essential. Zabol Chahnimeh reservoirs are three natural and big cavities in the south of Sistan Plain Located in South-Eastern Iran and It Includes 50 Millions square meter extent. Stored Water In These Cavities Are Used To Sistan Earth And For Providing Drink Water of Zabol And Zahedan Cities. Because of the drink and agricultural usage and for investigation of water quality of chah-nimeh reservoirs, this research has been done in one year. Methods: In this research density of Na+ ,Mg2+, Ca2+ ,Cl- ، SO42- and EC , TDS ,TH parameters have been analyzed in 9 stations, then results have been rebounded on schuler & vilcoks diagrams. Results: Results showed the quality of water in reservoirs viewpoint of drinking sited in acceptable stage and viewpoint of agricultural sited in C3S1 (average quality) stage. Discussion & conclusion: finally, if the texture of soil be light, we can use water of these reservoirs for agricultural activities. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Investigating the Chaneges of Sulphate in Potabale Water of Yasuj City and preparing it's Qualitative Plan by Means of GIS Tools
        Feizollah Pasereh Amirhesam Hasani Nezamoddin Hoseni Amirhosein Javid
        Introduction: Water has always some soluble salts, such as sulphate. Sulphate enters the water through different resources such as, dissolved gypsum, waste water of industrial factories and automobiles smoke, dissolved in rain. Presence of sulphate in potable water has More
        Introduction: Water has always some soluble salts, such as sulphate. Sulphate enters the water through different resources such as, dissolved gypsum, waste water of industrial factories and automobiles smoke, dissolved in rain. Presence of sulphate in potable water has an enormous role in creating constant hardness.On the other hand Presence of sulphate with high density in drinking water, causes changes in taste and it's combination with Calcium and Magnesium anions has laxative effect. The goal of this study is to assess the amount of existing sulphate in Yasuj city potable ground water, and determining the procedure of changes in chemical parameters of sulphate and recognizing effective factors on these parameters and preparing qualitative plan for water resources for sulphate parameter by means of GIS tools. Method: In the study described above, 42 specimens in the 7 earely months of the year 1387 were acquired and tested. Sulphate tests were done based on the measuring method of the instrument of Filter photometer (Model: 7000). For analysing the results, Excel software and for preparing qualitative plan, GIS software was used. Results: This study showed that sulfate levels in water resources by reducing water level in summer and autumn and with a water level of under ground water resources increases. Conclusion: Decrease of ground water resources of Yasuj city, causes the sulphate density to increase. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Survey of Some Water Quality Parameters in Sistan Drinking Water Sources (Chahnimeh Reservoir Number 1) and Compares Them with Existing Standards
        Fatemeh Einollahipeer Narjes Okati Mostaffa Ghafari
        10.22034/jest.2017.10701
        Background and Objective: The Chahnimeh reservoirs in Sistan currently provide main source of drinking water for Zabul and Zahedan Cities.  Therefore the survey of quality factors in this region appears to be essential. The aims of this study are survey of water qu More
        Background and Objective: The Chahnimeh reservoirs in Sistan currently provide main source of drinking water for Zabul and Zahedan Cities.  Therefore the survey of quality factors in this region appears to be essential. The aims of this study are survey of water quality factors (sulfate, nitrate, magnesium, ammonia, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine and hardness) and comparison among sampling stations and available standards. Method: Samples for laboratory studies were collected from 6 stations including 19 points in August 2010 from the surface of Chahnimeh. During sampling the EC and pH were measured. Then each factor was obtained with photometer 8000 Palintest. The statistical analysis was promoted with SPSS software and Excel was used for graphs. Findings: According to the results, Sulfate obtained between 106-124 mg/l, Magnesium concentration based on CaCo3 measured between 416-600 mg/l, Ammonia concentration between 0.02-0.10 mg/l, Nitrate concentration between 0.52-0.93 mg/l, Alkalinity between 125-215 mg/l, Hardness between 182.66-205.33 mg/l Calcium Carbonate, EC between 559.33-604 Calcium, Chloride and Hardness µm/cm and pH between 8.45-8.79 was variable. Based on statistical analysis, any factors was not show significant different among stations. Conclusion: Accordingly, these factors have the same distribution among the stations and they are not affected by point sources. Each factors was compared with available standards for drinking water. These comparison were suggest the factors including sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine, hardness, pH and EC have been lower than the standards set for drinking water While, The concentration of magnesium was higher than the levels them. According to the results, Chahnimeh Reservoir has desirable quality. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Investigation of the quality of drinking water wells in Lavasan-e Kouchak district
        Mahsa Atefeh Lobat Taghavi Mohammad Reza Khani Aida Bayati Mojtaba Sayadi
        Bachground and Objective: Role and importance of water in life and health of human being is a clear matter and  it is evident to everyone and more clear reality is that drinking water resources whether surface or underground in various ways is posed to pollution an More
        Bachground and Objective: Role and importance of water in life and health of human being is a clear matter and  it is evident to everyone and more clear reality is that drinking water resources whether surface or underground in various ways is posed to pollution and shortage of ensured resources alternatives today has become one of most complicated problems in human society.Based on above,every factor which qualitatively and quantitavely treats resources ,will be followed with sensivity and considered.With considering that providing large part of drinking water in villages of Shemiran province from underground water and also because of existance of farm lands and gardens and use of fertilizers and poisens in this area ,examining quality of underground water is prompt.Also,because of establishing some wells of drinking water in Lavasanat village,so potential of effecting pollution to these wells and water analysis of waters are necessary. Method: In this research,4 no. wells in 4 villages called Hanzak,Anbaj,Kond olia and Kond sofla in two period of July and December are sampled and physical and chemical properties of water by adapting standard conditions and in trustful laboratory of environment ministry have been analysed . Findings: Based on findings and comparing them with existing standards, all of the physiochemical parameters of water were consistent with astandard state and only Phosphate, Fluoride, Magnesium and Total Hardness are slightly higher than astandard. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on results and comparing them with existing standards for drinking use by Schuler diagram, quality of water is relatively in suitable range. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Microbial heterotrophic analysis of water network in Arak city and its correlation with MPN, water physicochemical parameters and pipe material
        Fariba Fathi Mohammad Arjomandzadegan
        10.22034/jest.2019.13706
        Background and Objective: Providing safe and hygienic drinking water has an important effect on the health and well-being of society. This study aims to analyze microbial heterotrophy in the water network in Arak city and its correlation with physicochemical parameters More
        Background and Objective: Providing safe and hygienic drinking water has an important effect on the health and well-being of society. This study aims to analyze microbial heterotrophy in the water network in Arak city and its correlation with physicochemical parameters and the material of water pipe network. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 500 sampls have been randomly prepared from the drinking water network in Arak city in a standard condition, and some variables as HPC, MPN, free residual chlorine, turbidity, PH and temperature have been measured. Findings: Evaluation of the results obtained through regression analysis has been performed. Based on the statistical analysis, HPC variables, MPN, PH and turbidity have a significant relationship with the place (P-Value <0.01). There is a direct, but not significant, relationship between HPC and temperature (P-Value <0.05), while free residual chlorine values reversely ​​associate with HPC (P-Value <0.01). Application of Pour Plate and Spread Plate Method for determining the number of HPC bacteria showed that in most cases the Pour Plate Method super performs the Spread Plate Method. Identification of the bacteria isolated from positive HPC revealed that bacillus and Micrococcaceae family have the ability to be active in high chlorine condition. Discussion and Conclusion: Monitoring of HPC is necessary as an important variable and effective in the control of drinking water bacteriological quality. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - The study of microbial pollution in ground water resources in Islamshar region
        Amir Hesam i Hasan Mohammad Reza Khani Mojtaba Sayyadi Valiollah Ghadami Hamid Reza Khastoo
        Islamshahr is located 30 km away from the capital. Over the past decades, it has grown quickly, but irregularly; a growth which has led to the pollution of ground water at which those living in the region have protested. No doubt, it is their right to have access to pur More
        Islamshahr is located 30 km away from the capital. Over the past decades, it has grown quickly, but irregularly; a growth which has led to the pollution of ground water at which those living in the region have protested. No doubt, it is their right to have access to pure healthy water. Since the only source of drinking water provision for the villages of Islamshahr is ground water resources (i.e., wells), it is obviously important to study the quality of the water of these wells. In this research, which extended for 14 months from December 2005 to January 2006, the quality of drinking water of the region from the microbial point of view was determined twice through sampling and bacterial tests on the water of 14 wells situated in the residential areas of villages. Coliform pollution is reported in Nezamabad, Raziabad, Rrahimabad-shokrabad, Islamabad and Jafarabad Jangal villages. The excremental coliform pollution is not seen in the area except for one case in Islamabad village. As microbial pollution exists in some wells and as the only source of drinking water in Islamshahr is ground water, it is necessary to always pay attention to the quality of drinking water in this area. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Evaluation of Corrosion and precipitation potential in Ghaemshahr, s Village Drinking Water
        Maryam Khademian Ghadekolai Mostafa zamani Fateme Ghafari Mohamadreza rahimi Samaneh mahmoodpor
        Corrosion and precipitation are the most important factors in the quality control of drinking water networks play an important role in the transmission system and distribution of water in transmission system and the distribution of water in terms of health and economic More
        Corrosion and precipitation are the most important factors in the quality control of drinking water networks play an important role in the transmission system and distribution of water in transmission system and the distribution of water in terms of health and economic aspects can play.The aim of this study was to determine the potential for corrosion and perecipitation of drinking water used in Ghaemshahr villages, that was done in 2015. Physical and chemical quality samples and the potential for corrosion and precipitation were determined by Langlier, Rayzner, Puckorious, Aggressiveness, and Larsson. Results indicate that mean and standard variation for Langlier index is 0.052 and 0.43, for Rayzer index is 6.99 and 0.78 for aggressiveness index is 5.85 and 0.81 for Larsson indexrespectivity is 0.47 and 0.24. According to these finding it was concluded that drinking water of Ghaemshahr villages was mild precipitation. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Assessment the Quality of the Groundwater Resources Supplying the Drinking Water of Abadeh City
        haniyeh nowzari Leila Nematollahi
        r   Physicochemical properties of water are among the important parameters that have a special place in the health of water consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the quality parameters of drinking water in Abadeh to determine its healt More
        r   Physicochemical properties of water are among the important parameters that have a special place in the health of water consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the quality parameters of drinking water in Abadeh to determine its health. Sampling was carried out during June and November 2015 and 15 physical and chemical parameters in 20 samples in total taken from 10 drinking water resources was determined. Physical and chemical analyses were done according to the standard methods. The study of measured mean concentration showed that all measured physical and chemical parameters (Cl, EC, NO2, NO3, pH, SO4, HCO3, F, Na, Mg, Ca, TH, TDS, temperature, turbidity) of the underground water resources were desirable and met the expectations of national and international standards. The discharge of water wells has been a significant decrease in November. On the other hand, the results showed significant positive associations between EC with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, Ca, TH, and TDS), TDS with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, Ca, and TH), TH with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, and Ca,), Ca with (SO4, Cl, and HCO3), Cl with (SO4 and HCO3), SO4 with HCO3 and pH with F. However, the result showed significant negative associations between temperature with (pH and F). The quality of the drinking water of Abadeh city has a good and desirable condition, except for total hardness, although is in the standard range the water of this city is classified as hard water. .  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Essential Criteria for Halal Food by Considering Malicious Term
        Morteza Rahimi
        The present paper – which is done with descriptive – analytical method – states that human’s body and mind health is very important from Quran and traditions viewpoint. Thus It determines criteria for foods and drinks and emphasizes food safety. More
        The present paper – which is done with descriptive – analytical method – states that human’s body and mind health is very important from Quran and traditions viewpoint. Thus It determines criteria for foods and drinks and emphasizes food safety. The term “malicious” sometimes means low – grade; so Companions of the Cave’s advice to purchase man shows that foods and drinks should be the best quality, therefore considering sanitary tips and standards is essential in foods and drinks preparation. According to individuals’ conditions and their various ages, some foods may be useful for some but harmful for others; accordingly ideal foods and drinks should contain all necessary criteria for all; for instance cleanness is not an enough criteria for foods and other ones must be considered as well. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Jurisprudential investigation of alcoholic drinks with new instances
        marjan farhani nejad سید محمد مهدی احمدی
        Knowing the subject of psychedelic, how much they are addictive, how they are produced and the ways of their production and distribution and also how to deal with this social dilemma is one of the important issues in society in order to prepare an appropriate cultural m More
        Knowing the subject of psychedelic, how much they are addictive, how they are produced and the ways of their production and distribution and also how to deal with this social dilemma is one of the important issues in society in order to prepare an appropriate cultural medium and ways of protection against this disease and addiction be known. Producing culture, in this case, about the subject of psychedelics is being done by media, books and articles, conferences and meetings. But by the growing trend of the amount and the kind of psychedelics, it is advised for more researches to be done in this area. The point that is of a great importance is the variety of psychedelics which is growing and they are in different type and shapes which facilitates their accessibility For stating the essence of the matter, in this domain. In this thesis Above all, some points, about all kinds of psychedelics and goals of society, are being posed. About the bases of jurisprudence and law, law enforcement of alcoholic drinks and narcotics on psychedelics which is one of the most crucial issues to be scrutinized in this research some information has been stated. The result of this research will be that we will witness a kind of promising society far from any kind of addiction to this destructive drugs and social dilemma, regarding to the stating of the issue and informative thoughts that has been shared Key words: alcoholic drinks, psychedelic, addiction, psychoactive, narcotic. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Evaluation of Microbial (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) Quality of Bottled water in Tehran during 2015-2016
        fatemeh yahyazadeh mohammad dakhili
        Background and Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of bottled water in the city of Tehran. This is a descriptive study that the process of doing was selectively brands of mineral water in the city of Tehran. E. coli as the indicator of More
        Background and Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of bottled water in the city of Tehran. This is a descriptive study that the process of doing was selectively brands of mineral water in the city of Tehran. E. coli as the indicator of pollution of water and food. The reason for this is that the bacteria can be found in the feces in large numbers and their presence in drinking water and food is a risk to consumer's health. Materials and Methods: In this study to evaluate the infection or the lack of infection of bottled water in Tehran, between 10 valid and high consumption brands, 10 brands selected based on the proposed methods in national standards of Iran. 10 samples selected at random with different production dates (100 samples). At first the Samples was tested with MacConkey broth multiple tube fermentation technique (mpn 9 tubes). Then was tested in lactose broth and mpn method (9 tubes). Finally, was tested to the presence or absence of Salmonella enteritidis with traditional method (three-stage). Results: Observations and the results of this study showed none of the samples proved to carry microbial problems as E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis and were on the standars ranges. Conclusion: According to the results, bacterial quality in all tested samples in Tehran, is in accordance with national standards and World Health Organization and not threatening consumer's health and is healthful enough to be used for drinking. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Comprehensive study of microbial contamination of drinking water in Mashhad
        Farahnaz Molavi Ali Qaraee Najafabadi Negar Azani Zeinab Javanshir Mohadese Eslahi AmirHosein Alizade Faeze Gholami Bahar
        Objective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality o More
        Objective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality of drinking water in MashhadMaterials and methods: This is a field research and a cross-sectional study. Sampling locations were determined by systematic sampling method. The drinking water of 15 selected stations was studied during 10 months from February 2019 to the end of December 2011. Each station was sampled 4 times in 4 different seasons. The samples were studied in three parts of bacterial, fungal and protozoan contamination assessment, according to existing standards.Findings: The microbial quality of Mashhad's drinking water supply sources was very favorable in terms of total and faecal coliform contamination and was in line with the national standard. From a total of 220 fungal colonies grown, 7 different genera of fungi were identified. In general, the average CFU of isolated fungi for samplesper 100 ml of water was 6.2.The most common isolated fungus was Aspergillus (40.45%) and the least isolated colony was related to Fusarium (1.3%). No samples of protozoans or cysts related to protozoans were observed in any station.Conclusion: According to the guidelines of the World Health Organization in 2006 for evaluating the microbial health of water, the drinking water quality of Mashhad was in accordance with the national standard. Mashhad's drinking water also contains various fungi. Therefore, it is suggested that in the regular monitoring of the urban water system in terms of microbial contamination, fungi should also be investigated as one of the important microorganisms. Regarding contamination with protozoa, no contamination was observed. In order to maintain the desirability of drinking water in Mashhad city, it is suggested that the water and sewage company continuously monitor the quality of drinking water sources.  Manuscript profile
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        25 - Investigation of Nitrate Concentration in Drinking Water of Different Regions of Mashhad
        Ali Javid Sadaf Fathi Fatemeh Asadollah nezhad
        Manuscript profile
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        26 - Synthesis and Characterization of γ-MnO2-AgA Zeolite Nanocomposite and its Application for the Removal of Radioactive Strontium-90 (90Sr)
        M. Sadeghi S. Yekta H. Ghaedi E. Babanezhad
        Manuscript profile
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        27 - Investigating The Effects of Rainfall on Chemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources in Northern Fars Cities During 2011-2016
        Ali Shabani Mohammad Hadi Fattahi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rainfall on the chemical quality of drinking water sources in northern Fars Province cities and on the factors EC, PH, TDS, F, NO3 in alluvial and limestone formations and in the period from 2011 to 2016 years. More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rainfall on the chemical quality of drinking water sources in northern Fars Province cities and on the factors EC, PH, TDS, F, NO3 in alluvial and limestone formations and in the period from 2011 to 2016 years. Finding an answer to the question of whether rainfall can significantly affect the chemical quality of drinking water sources in the cities of Abadeh, Bavanat, Eqlid, Safashahr, Pasargad, Marvdasht and Zarghan and on the factors EC, PH, TDS, F, NO3 in formations And alluvial and limestone formation in the years 90 to 95? In this study, 208 wells were mentioned in cities with 96 alluvial loops and 112 wells with calcareous formations. According to Pearson correlation coefficient and p-pain results, the results showed that precipitation on changes in EC, PH, TDS NO3 is effective. In general and cumulative analysis of this factor, it has been shown that the effect of rainfall on changes in TDS, NO3 EC is significant and its relation is direct, and it is reversible on changes in pH. Also, the effect of rainfall on changes in F level is not significant, and these changes are more significant in karst and lime formations, meaning that the wells with Karst Formation with changing precipitation rates are more likely to change EC, PH, TDS NO3 Are.   Manuscript profile
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        28 - Investigating The Effects of Rainfall on Chemical Quality of Drinking Water Sources in Northern Fars Cities During 2011-2016
        Ali Shabani MohammadHadi Fattahi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rainfall on the chemical quality of drinking water sources in northern Fars Province cities and on the factors EC, PH, TDS, F, NO3 in alluvial and limestone formations and in the period from 2011 to 2016 years. More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rainfall on the chemical quality of drinking water sources in northern Fars Province cities and on the factors EC, PH, TDS, F, NO3 in alluvial and limestone formations and in the period from 2011 to 2016 years. Finding an answer to the question of whether rainfall can significantly affect the chemical quality of drinking water sources in the cities of Abadeh, Bavanat, Eqlid, Safashahr, Pasargad, Marvdasht and Zarghan and on the factors EC, PH, TDS, F, NO3 in formations And alluvial and limestone formation in the years 90 to 95? In this study, 208 wells were mentioned in cities with 96 alluvial loops and 112 wells with calcareous formations. According to Pearson correlation coefficient and p-pain results, the results showed that precipitation on changes in EC, PH, TDS NO3 is effective. In general and cumulative analysis of this factor, it has been shown that the effect of rainfall on changes in TDS, NO3 EC is significant and its relation is direct, and it is reversible on changes in pH. Also, the effect of rainfall on changes in F level is not significant, and these changes are more significant in karst and lime formations, meaning that the wells with Karst Formation with changing precipitation rates are more likely to change EC, PH, TDS NO3 Are. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Investigating potential risks of quantitative and qualitative impacts on drinking water sources Villages in Jajroud basin in GIS system
        Amirhossein Kiarazm Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad Shirazi Mojtaba Sayyadi
        The growing trend of development and various human activities leads to the entry of various pollutants into groundwater. The desirable physical and chemical quality of water is critical to the consumer, consumer health and maintenance of the water supply system. Current More
        The growing trend of development and various human activities leads to the entry of various pollutants into groundwater. The desirable physical and chemical quality of water is critical to the consumer, consumer health and maintenance of the water supply system. Currently, one of the problems of underground water sources is the pollution of drinking wells and other underground resources to urban and industrial wastewater, which leads to a change in the water quality of these resources and makes it impossible for them to drink. This study investigated and zoned elements Different qualitative water flows within the city of Jajroud Basin's city by Arc GIS software. For this purpose, water quality parameters were sampled from all the sources used in drinking water in this area. Then all the information was entered into the software environment under descriptive layers and to produce qualitative zoning maps. These maps show a significant trend for most parameters, due to the widespread use of water and the probability of the outbreak of various diseases Concerned about drinking in this area, this research could pave the way for future decisions on correct water harvesting in the study area. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Investigating the Potential and Causes of Corrosion or Scaling of Drinking Water Resources in Varamin Village Villages and Preparation of its Distribution Model in GIS Geographic Information System
        Ali Mehmandost Amirhesam Hasani Homauon Ahmadpanahi Reza Poorrajab
        The problem of corrosion and Scaling in the discussion of chemical quality control of drinking water supply sources can be important due to the point of view that its effect on the network of drinking water transmission and distribution, both from the economic and healt More
        The problem of corrosion and Scaling in the discussion of chemical quality control of drinking water supply sources can be important due to the point of view that its effect on the network of drinking water transmission and distribution, both from the economic and health aspects. In this study, determining the potential of corrosion and scaling of Varamin city drinking water using Langelier saturation Index (LSI) and stability index Ryznar (RSI) for 10 main wells of Varamin City in the summer of 1394 and 1395 was done and the obtained data has been zoned on the Geographical information system (GIS). In order to calculate the above index as well as rooting the causes of the situation, water quality parameters such as: alkalinity, hardness, conductivity, total dissolved solids, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, bicarbonate and pH was measured according to the book of “ Standard Method”. The results of chemical analysis and calculation of corrosive indices showed that the average LSI of the wells in the area in 1394 was equal to -0.01699 and in 1395 was equal to -0.3038, which shows a corrosive balance with increasing trend. The average RSI in this area in the year 1394 was 7.2428 and in 1395 was 8.0097 that confirmed the validity of the LSI index with a rational trend. Regarding that in the present situation, the stability situation is changing to corrosive state, Therefore in order to maintain and improve the health of citizens and also to increase the useful life of the plumbing equipment, the operation of water stabilization should be done in order to decrease its corrosive properties and maintain on its desired level. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Valuation potential of water quality in occurrence of sedimentation and corrosion in drinking water facilities in Goybolagh village, Malard city
        سمیه KHamisabadi Mohammad Manshori مجتبی Sayadi محمود Salari
        The objective of this article is introducing the sedimentation and precipitate potential of fresh water in guybolagh region placed on the north west of Shahriar – Tehran. (Rainfall year 1390). This research is done by thedescriptive method, part time period and us More
        The objective of this article is introducing the sedimentation and precipitate potential of fresh water in guybolagh region placed on the north west of Shahriar – Tehran. (Rainfall year 1390). This research is done by thedescriptive method, part time period and use of RAYZNER and saturation parameter and SHULER diagram.In this study these parameters: (alkalinity, calcium hardness, electrical connectivity, temperature and PH) wereanalyzed. The results of experiments and calculations suggest it hand and average saturation index versus 0/54,and the average index rayzner against 13/7 is. Based on a standard table ministry of health figures indicatedeposition and slightly corrosive drinking water wells in the village Guy Bolagh is based on results andaccomplishment ,the fresh water of this region is sedimental and a little corrosion that this factor is influenced byregions geology and continent features. So in the area of water quality parameters based on PH, alkalinity,hardness and … should be Occur. In this regard, use of corrosion resistant materials and pipes and consider usingincendiary devices deposition. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Possibility of producing and evaluating physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic drinks based on apple juice concentrate and malt extract
        Atiyeh Nasseri Mahnaz Hashemiravan Rezvan Pourahmad
        AbstractProbiotics are living microorganism inhibiting the activating of harmful pathogens via establishing in the intestinal medium. Most probiotic products presented in the market are probiotic dairy products, however, in recent year, demand for non-dairy probiotic pr More
        AbstractProbiotics are living microorganism inhibiting the activating of harmful pathogens via establishing in the intestinal medium. Most probiotic products presented in the market are probiotic dairy products, however, in recent year, demand for non-dairy probiotic products has grown. The objective of this study was to produce a probiotic drink containing different concentrations of apple concentrate (20, 30, 40 %) and malt extract (2, 4, 6 %) using Lactobacillus casei ( 106 and 107 cfu/ml) over 28d storage at 4°𝑐. physicochemical (pH, acidity, Brix and total suger), microbial (probiotic bacterial count) and sensory (flavor, aroma, bitterness, sweetness, naturality, color and appearance, thickness, turbidity and total acceptance) properties were measured when produced, 27 h after production, during 1st, 2nd,3rd and 4th weeks by 5 trained panelists as 18 treatments with a control sample in triplicate. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and multirange Duncan test at 95% and diagrams were drawn by Excel 2013. The results showed that pH, Brix value, and bacterial viability decreased and acidity increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) Overtime. The highest viability after 28 days was found for A3B2C3 (40% apple concentrate + 6% malt extract, 107 cfu/ml). Sensory evaluation showed a decrease and given the microbial population higher than the standard level for probiotic products (106 cfu/ml) and total acceptance A2B1C1 (2% malt extract + 30% apple concentrate, 10 6 cfu/ml) was selected as the superior treatment.  Manuscript profile
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        33 - Investigating the Integrated Management of Earthquake Threat in the Drinking Water Supply Chain Process
        سیدعباس اسدی مژگان زعیم دار سیدعلی جوزی
        AbstractThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of earthquake threat in the drinking water supply chain process. A combined method was used to conduct this research. The statistical population in the qualitative phase w More
        AbstractThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of earthquake threat in the drinking water supply chain process. A combined method was used to conduct this research. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was 14 experts in the field of water and wastewater, and in the quantitative phase, the employees working in the regional water company of Guilan province, from whom, 230 people were selected by non-probability method. In order to analyze the data, content analysis and structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS 3 software were used. The findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between integrated management solutions including retrofitting and updating of facilities, reserve resources, improvement regulations, detailed studies and tests, and the use of technical and human equipment with the threat of earthquakes, and the use of each of these solutions It can lead to the reduction of risks related to the time of earthquake in Rasht metropolis. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Effect of mineral water of Kandovan's spring on calcium oxalate kidney stone in adult male rats
        fatemeh rasoulian alireza sadeghipour
        Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem, sparing no geographical, cultural, or racial groups. In the present study, effect of Kandovan’s mineral water on calcium oxalate crystallization was studied in adult male rats. Crystallization of calcium oxalate was induced by More
        Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem, sparing no geographical, cultural, or racial groups. In the present study, effect of Kandovan’s mineral water on calcium oxalate crystallization was studied in adult male rats. Crystallization of calcium oxalate was induced by adding ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in drinking water for 3 and 35 days, respectively. Control group was treated by drinking water. Experimental group were treated by Kandovan’s mineral water for 38 days. After 38 days, animals were anesthetized by ether and left kidneys removed and put them in buffered formaldehyde. Specimens were prepared for histological studies and stained by H&E. results showed that treatment of Kandovan’s mineral water decreased number of crystals in kidney sections of experimental animals in comparison with control group. Also, administration of mineral water decreased tubule-interstitial damages in treated animals. So, the mineral water could prevent formation of primary nucleus of kidney stones. Manuscript profile
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        35 - Acute effects of two energy drinks (Red Bull, Poweride) on aerobic and anaerobic performance of young soccer players
        yasser fakhraei mehrdad fathi
        10.30495/nssem.2023.1984852.1009
        Nowadays, the use of sports and energy supplements and drinks has become widespread among athletes. It is believed that the consumption of sports drinks can increase their performance during training and competition due to the presence of ergogenic compounds such as sug More
        Nowadays, the use of sports and energy supplements and drinks has become widespread among athletes. It is believed that the consumption of sports drinks can increase their performance during training and competition due to the presence of ergogenic compounds such as sugars, caffeine, sodium creatine, bicarbonate and taurine. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of two types of energy drinks on aerobic, anaerobic performance and fatigue index of young football players. The research method is a semi-experimental type and was implemented in a cross-sectional manner, and 10 young football players with an average age of 21±2 years, height 171±1.487 cm, weight 63.9±3.91 kg after participation In a familiarization session, they participated in 3 half-test and rest test sessions with an interval of 4 days. Sports drinks (Red Bull and Poweride) and placebo were consumed 40 minutes before the test. The results showed that Poweride drink increases endurance performance (P<5.5). In addition, Red Bull energy drink causes a significant increase in minimum power (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Poweride drink improves aerobic performance compared to placebo drink. In addition, comparing the peak power averages, the minimum power showed that the minimum power in the Red Bull group has a significant increase compared to the placebo group. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Examination of Mercury pollution on urban built environment with regard human health and emphasis on drinking water (Case study: Drinking water of Alborz Industrial city)
        Mohammadreza Sadeghi Moghaddam
        Manuscript profile
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        37 - غلام حسین صفری1، احمد اصل هاشمی2 ، ،اقبال حسینی3
        Ahmad Asl hashemi GOLAM SAFARI
        Background and purpose: The life-giving effect of water on development and life on the one hand and the increase in population and the growth of agricultural, domestic and industrial uses and the lack of this vital substance in arid and semi-arid countries (such as Iran More
        Background and purpose: The life-giving effect of water on development and life on the one hand and the increase in population and the growth of agricultural, domestic and industrial uses and the lack of this vital substance in arid and semi-arid countries (such as Iran) on the other hand have caused the optimal use of Water should be used for various purposes such as drinking, health, agriculture, etc., and it is the concern of many policymakers and executives of the country's water sector, and the use of packaged water should be considered as a serious solution in the fair and healthy distribution of waterMaterials and methods: The research is descriptive and the quality parameters of mineral waters were measured using standard methods. The desired parameters include pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, HPC, total coliform, and the bottled waters of Damavand, Vata, Kannibel, Silvana, Spota, Bidestan were measured.Findings: The results showed that most of the measured bottled waters were compatible with international standards in terms of quality parametersDiscussion and conclusion: Finally, the results showed that among the 8 types of bottled water tested, Spota drinking water has the best quality in terms of microbiology, and Cannibell in terms of chemical composition Manuscript profile
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        38 - Investigation of physical and chemical quality of drinking water in Ilkhchi city
        Ahmad Asl hashemi
        Background and Aim: Microbial, physical and chemical properties of drinking water according to the type and amount of judgment on the potability and effectiveness of each of the above components on improving quality, increasing acceptance or threatening the health of it More
        Background and Aim: Microbial, physical and chemical properties of drinking water according to the type and amount of judgment on the potability and effectiveness of each of the above components on improving quality, increasing acceptance or threatening the health of its consumer. The purpose of this Investigating the physicochemical parameters of drinking water in Ilkhchi city and comparing it with national and international standards.Methods: This study was conducted in the fall of 1996. Twelve water samples were randomly taken from two main wells in the city and the concentration of physico-chemical parameters was measured. Experiments were performed by standard method reference method.Results: Soluble solids, hardness, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, chlorine, nitrate, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, pH, EC and sulfate measured in the standard range were within the allowable and desirable range.Conclusion: In general, the physicochemical quality of drinking water in the city is in accordance with national standards, but due to increasing population and the need for more water may be observed in the future changes in chemical parameters. Therefore, water quality should be constantly monitored. To take. Manuscript profile
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        39 - A brief review of the quality of drinking water in Tabriz city
        Ahmad Asl hashemi
        Background and purpose: The healthiness of drinking water from physical, chemical and biological aspects plays an important role in the health of consumers. The presence of some chemicals in concentrations higher than the standard can endanger the health of consumers in More
        Background and purpose: The healthiness of drinking water from physical, chemical and biological aspects plays an important role in the health of consumers. The presence of some chemicals in concentrations higher than the standard can endanger the health of consumers in long-term exposure.Research method: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study and was analyzed using library, internet, article and other information systems in recent years.Findings: There were relative changes in nitrates, heterotrophic bacteria and trihalomethanes, but most of the water smell and taste problems in the distribution system are due to the materials that make up the pipelines or are caused by the growth of biological agents on the pipe walls. to be Musty-earthy smell is the main cause of complaints about the distribution system. Although actinomycetes and fungi are usually responsible for these odors, many heterotrophic bacteria can also cause similar problemsConclusion: Although nitrate has been increasing with the passage of time, it is within the permissible and acceptable limit. The main current problem is the smell and taste of the water in the distribution system, which must be controlled, and since the fluoride is less than the optimal level, it can be said that the water quality of Tabriz city has the necessary standard due to the attention to the correct and effective management of water resources. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Iron and Manganese in Drinking Water: A Review of Sources, Types, Standards, Health and Environmental Effects and Removal Methods
        Mohammad Safari Ahmad Asl hashemi Mehran Dolatkhah Gholamhossein Safari
        Iron and manganese are common natural minerals that are primarily found in groundwater, especially in deeper wells. Iron and manganese in drinking water, at permissible levels, do not pose a risk to human health. Instead, they both have secondary or recommended drinking More
        Iron and manganese are common natural minerals that are primarily found in groundwater, especially in deeper wells. Iron and manganese in drinking water, at permissible levels, do not pose a risk to human health. Instead, they both have secondary or recommended drinking water standards because they lead to aesthetic problems that may make the water undesirable and unpleasant for drinking and other domestic uses. The presence of both often causes stains on clothes, and the loss of color in plumbing installations, as well as creates an unpleasant taste and appearance in drinking water. The iron and manganese in the water cannot be seen with the naked eye, and the water appears practically clear and unpolluted, but if they are mixed with oxygen, they quickly lead to the creation of orange, brown, or black spots. The black stains are caused by the presence of manganese, and the brown and orange stains are caused by the presence of iron in the water. Removal methods depend on the concentration and form of iron and manganese in the water. Therefore, it is important to carefully test the water and determine the type and amount of iron and manganese before treatment. Considering the importance of these elements in drinking water, the purpose of this review article is to investigate the sources, standards, types, health and environmental effects, and methods of removing or reducing iron and manganese in drinking water. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Determination of arsenic in agricultural products, animal products and drinking water of rural areas of Bijar and Gharve, Kurdestan Province
        مقداد Pirsaheb عبداله Dargahi حافظ Golestanifar
           Environmental and food contamination with toxic element arsenic is one of the important issues that are threatening public health and other creatures. In this study, a total sample of 983 consisting agricultural and animal products as well as water samples More
           Environmental and food contamination with toxic element arsenic is one of the important issues that are threatening public health and other creatures. In this study, a total sample of 983 consisting agricultural and animal products as well as water samples was analyzed for arsenic contamination. According to the results, the highest concentration of arsenic (1.737 mg/l) was found in the piped water of Aliabad. Moreover, the highest level of arsenic contamination was detected in wheat obtained from Giklo and Gondak (0.14 mg/kg). Accordingly, highest arsenic level in barley, peas and lentils, was estimated in the samples of Gondak (0.11 mg/kg), Giklo (mg/kg 0.013) and Ghojagh (0.017 mg/kg), respectively. In addition, the highest mean concentration of arsenic in meat and milk samples was found in Ghojagh (0.167 mg/kg) and Gondak (0.0129 mg/l). The results revealed that the contamination level of arsenic in all crops, meat and milk samples were lower than the maximum acceptable limit adopted in many other countries. However, the concentration of arsenic in water samples was 174 times higher than the acceptable limit (0.01 mg/l) determined by the Iranian National Standard. Therefore, it is necessary to perform comprehensive studies on contaminations of water sources in this area. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Chemical and microbiological properties of bottled water in Hamedan province
        مهدی Riahi Khoram مریم Khoshshoar مهدی Hashemi
           Nowadays, the demand for bottled water is spiked in most countries including in Iran. Monitoring the microbial and chemical quality of bottled water is essential to guarantee the consumers’ health. The present study was aimed to examine the microbial More
           Nowadays, the demand for bottled water is spiked in most countries including in Iran. Monitoring the microbial and chemical quality of bottled water is essential to guarantee the consumers’ health. The present study was aimed to examine the microbial and chemical quality of bottled water distributed in Hamedan province. For this reason during winter and summer of 2012, a total of 56 samples was collected randomly across the province. Analysis were carried out based on standard methods on chemical parameters such as pH, alkalinity, nitrate, sodium, potassium, fluoride, sulfate, phosphate, total hardness, permanent hardness as well as microbial quality of fecal coliform and total coliform. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and compared with Standard Methods of Iran and WHO. No total and fecal coliforms were detected in all samples. pH, alkalinity, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, sodium and potassium values in all samples were in the range of approved by the Iranian Standards. Among the 56 samples, fluoride concentration in 44 samples was lower than desired maximum standard level and in 40 samples total hardness was lower than approved maximum standard limit. Although in most of the samples the mean value of the parameters were in the approved limit adopted by the Iranian and WHO regulations; however, a significant difference was observed between the measured parameters and their labeling quantity provided by the manufacture. Results revealed no significant difference between the mean value of the measured parameters obtained during winter and summer. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Assessing the risk of exposure to trihaloe methanes in rural drinking water
        Ali Nasiri Nematolah Jafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Abdolrahim Pazira Fazel Amiri
        Trihalo-methanes have been identified by the Cancer Research Institute as a carcinogen for humans. Considering that in Haft Rousta project, the source of drinking water supply is groundwater and water of Darood Zan dam and disinfection used is chlorine, this study was c More
        Trihalo-methanes have been identified by the Cancer Research Institute as a carcinogen for humans. Considering that in Haft Rousta project, the source of drinking water supply is groundwater and water of Darood Zan dam and disinfection used is chlorine, this study was conducted to determine the concentration of trihalomethanes in drinking water of Haft Rousta project. The present study was conducted in the spring and summer of 2017. For this purpose, three villages (Abbasabad, Majd Abad, Kemar Zard) from Marvdasht city of Fars with a total of 9 stations were selected and the amounts of chlorine, pH, temperature, total organic carbon and trihalo methane were measured with three replications in water samples. The average concentration of trihalomethane compounds in this study was estimated to be 39 mg / l for Abbasabad village, 38.6 mg / l for Kemar Zard village and 39.7 mg / l for Majd Abad village. The highest recorded concentration was calculated in Majd Abad village with a concentration of 73 mg / l. The mean concentrations of chloroform, bromoform, bromodium chloromethane and dichloromethane and totality of halo methanes in network water in spring 1996 were 22.25 7 7.98, 11.42 90 3.90, 7.43 7 2.72, 51, respectively. 5.95 2 2.2, 47.06 15 15.70 mg / l in summer 96 are equal to 14.69 4 4.11, 7.55 99 1.99, 4.93 51 1.51, 1.49 3.95 ،, 31.13 97 7.97 mg / l were calculated. Due to the concentration of trihalomethane in the drinking water of the study area, the possibility of trihalomethane compounds due to the consumption of the studied waters is very low and the presence of this pollutant in this danger does not affect consumers in any age group. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Qualitative Assessment of Groundwater Resources of Izeh Plain in Khuzestan Province
        Khashayar Peyghan Payvand Papan Masoud Sadeghi Mianrodi
        10.30495/maucw.2023.1984640.1004
        IntroductionAlarming population growth and socio-economic development have increased the demand for water, energy and food, and challenged the sustainability of resources worldwide. In Iran, the availability of water resources has decreased drastically due to increased More
        IntroductionAlarming population growth and socio-economic development have increased the demand for water, energy and food, and challenged the sustainability of resources worldwide. In Iran, the availability of water resources has decreased drastically due to increased demand and prolonged periods of drought. In areas where surface water is limited or not easily accessible, groundwater resources are the largest fresh water reserves. Indiscriminate extraction of well water and the expansion of agricultural and industrial activities, along with climate change and numerous droughts, have caused changes in the quality of groundwater in many areas. Khuzestan province in the southwest of Iran, which is located in special geographical and hydrological conditions, has the largest share of fresh water and agricultural activity in Iran. The insufficiency of surface water resources to meet the demand in different sectors, and the increase in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural lands has caused an increase in the extraction of groundwater in the province and has put these resources at risk of pollution. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of groundwater resources of Izeh plain in the northeast of Khuzestan province for various uses.Material and MethodsThe studied area with an area of 388 km2 is located in the northeast of Khuzestan province. There are two types of aquifers in the study area, one is an alluvial aquifer and the other is a karst aquifer. In recent years, the contamination of alluvial sediments of the plain with bacteria has caused the water extraction from wells to be stopped and more studies and researches have to be done in this field. For this purpose, 19 observation wells have been dug in different parts of the plain. The measured parameters included calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, bicarbonate, sulfate, sodium absorption ratio, electrical conductivity, acidity and total dissolved solids. In this research, the Piper diagram was used to identify the type of water, the Stiff diagram was used for the hydrochemical analysis of water samples, the Wilcox diagram was used to determine the quality of groundwater for agricultural purposes, and the Schoeller diagram was used for drinking purposes. Water quality graphs were drawn with HydroChem and GWW software.Results and DiscausionAccording to Piper diagram, most types of groundwater samples in Izeh plain are bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium bicarbonate. Groundwater samples in parts of the alluvial aquifer of Izeh Plain, which are fed by Asmari and Ilam-Seruk limestones and are far enough from the city, show the calcium bicarbonate type, and in the central parts of the plain, it varies from calcium bicarbonate to magnesium bicarbonate. Based on the Stiff diagrams, Izeh groundwater samples can be classified into four categories. The first category includes wells E1, E5, E9, E12, E13, E14, E16, E17, E18, E20 and E21 (feeding water from the Asmari limestone formation), the second category includes wells E4, E6 and E22 (contaminated groundwater), the third category includes wells E7, E10 and E11 (groundwater in contact with Gachsaran formation) and the fourth category includes wells E3 and E15 (feeding water from Ilam-Sarvak limestone formation). According to the Wilcox diagram, the water of wells E1, E3, E12, E13, E16, E17 and E18 in the category S1-C2, the water of wells E6, E9 and E22 in the category S1-C3, as well as the water of wells E7, E10 and E11 respectively in the categories S2-C4, S1-C4 and S2-C3 are. In total, in terms of salinity hazard, the water of seven wells is in the medium range, four wells are in the high range and only two wells are in the very high range. The groundwater of the studied area has suitable conditions in terms of alkalinity, so that the water of 11 wells has a low hazard of alkalinity and only the water of two wells has a medium hazard of alkalinity. The analysis of the Wilcox diagram based on the wells location shows that the water quality in the central areas of the plain, between Miangaran and Bandan lakes, is lower than in other areas. According to Schoeller diagrams, the water quality of all the wells for consumption in the drinking sector is in the good category, and only one well's water is in the good to moderate suitable category. In the water of this well, the level of magnesium element is high, and this is the reason why it is out of the good category.ConclusionConsidering the importance of monitoring the quantity and quality of groundwater resources, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of groundwater in the northeast of Khuzestan province. According to the Piper diagram, the type of most of the groundwater samples of Izeh plain is bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium bicarbonate. According to the Stiff diagrams, the groundwater of the studied aquifer is classified into four categories; 1) Feed water from Asmari limestone formation, 2) Contaminated groundwater, 3) Groundwater in contact with Gachsaran formation and 4) Feed water from Ilam-Sarvak limestone formation. The analysis of the Wilcox diagram of the wells based on the wells location shows that the water quality in the central areas of the plain, between Miangaran and Bandan lakes, is lower than in other areas. Therefore, for agriculture in these areas, it is necessary to apply management measures such as the cultivation of salinity-resistant crops, leaching and drainage. According to Schoeller diagrams, the plain groundwater quality is in the good category for drinking purposes. Groundwater sources are sometimes used as drinking water without purification processes, because they are considered safe for human consumption. However, in the drinking sector, which is directly related to people's health, it is necessary to conduct more tests and apply treatment processes. Manuscript profile
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        45 - The binding of Aflatoxin M1 to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in yogurt drink and its assessment by HPLC quantification method
        Roghayeh Sokoutifar Vadood Razavilar Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Shahram Shoeibi
        Various foods, including dairy products, may be contaminated with aflatoxin, which even in small amounts has harmful effects on human and animal health. A limited number of probiotics attach and or break down aflatoxins in foods and edible substances. The aim of this st More
        Various foods, including dairy products, may be contaminated with aflatoxin, which even in small amounts has harmful effects on human and animal health. A limited number of probiotics attach and or break down aflatoxins in foods and edible substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics and their combinations on the removal of or coupling with aflatoxin M1 in yoghurt drink (Doogh). In this study, 72 treatment and control groups were prepared in three replicates. The groups were included four groups of bacterial L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, and a combination of them, and finally with a non-bacterial group as control (in general four groups). Doogh was prepared at different temperatures (4, 21 and 37 °C) was being before stored for 2, 11 and 30 days. The maximum level of aflatoxin degraded was done in industrial Doogh affected by L. acidophilus plus L. plantarum at all assigned temperatures and days. This maximum level was measured on the second day (100.00 ± 0.86), eleventh day (100.00 ± 1.27) and thirtieth day (100.00 ± 0.60). The results suggest a better food security in using industrial Doogh compared to traditional one. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Aleshtar Groundwater Quality Assessment for Agricultural Use and Drinking
        Arash Hashemkhani Hossein Eslami
        Ground water use has increased due to reduced surface water So for use of these waters, the quality of ground water should be studied in terms of agriculture and drinking use. In this study, the chemical properties of ground water of Aleshtar plain in the north west of More
        Ground water use has increased due to reduced surface water So for use of these waters, the quality of ground water should be studied in terms of agriculture and drinking use. In this study, the chemical properties of ground water of Aleshtar plain in the north west of Lorestan province according to the suitability of water for drinking and agriculture is verified. 36 ground water samples were taken and the sodium adsorption ratio, electrical conductivity, TDS, pH, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, cation, anion and sulfate was chemically analyzed. Analyzed samples were compared with Schoeller and Wilcox diagrams and observed that most of the samples are suitable for drinking and agriculture. According to Schoeller graph, groundwater quality status of Aleshtar plain is in good condition and is perfectly suitable for drinking use. Also results showed that all samples were classified as C2S1 and slightly salty - suitable for agriculture. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking (Case Study: Dasht Golgir)
        Saadat Salehi Kahkesh hossein eslami Majid Razaz
        Due to the shortage of surface water resources and the increased demand for water, supply of drinking water from underground resources is very important. To use groundwater for drinking, it is important to evaluate the qualitative proportion of these resources and to pl More
        Due to the shortage of surface water resources and the increased demand for water, supply of drinking water from underground resources is very important. To use groundwater for drinking, it is important to evaluate the qualitative proportion of these resources and to plan the spatial distribution of quality parameters should be considered in order to manage its location. This article aims to investigate the quality of groundwater for drinking water. For this purpose, 10 rings of the wells were used in this plain for the parameters of TDS, total hardness, chlorine, sodium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate and sulfate. These parameters were evaluated based on the Schuler charts and were interpolated using ARC GIS software and analyzed by Kriging geostatistical method and the spatial distribution of the parameters in the plain was investigated. According to the Schuler chart, most of the parameters in most samples are placed on a good and acceptable floor and are suitable for drinking. Also, due to the qualitative changes in the groundhandling maps of Golgi Plain, the distribution of parameters in the plain has no specific pattern and almost groundwater is suitable for the area of the plain for drinking Manuscript profile
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        48 - Determination of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration in Ahvaz water distribution network in 2018-2019
        reza jalilzadeh yengjeh Naghmeh Orooji Afshin Takdastan Sahand Jorfi Amir hossein davami davami
        The purpose of this study was survey on 2,4-D concentration in Ahvaz drinking water in 2018-2019. A descriptive cross-sectional study was based on 10- month sampling program (from December 2018 to September 2019) in six points of distribution networks were conducted. Al More
        The purpose of this study was survey on 2,4-D concentration in Ahvaz drinking water in 2018-2019. A descriptive cross-sectional study was based on 10- month sampling program (from December 2018 to September 2019) in six points of distribution networks were conducted. All measured concentrations were less than the maximum allowable concentrations recommended by the National Standards Organization of Iran (1053) and WHO guidelines. In this study, the total THMs determined in autumn, winter and spring ranged from <0.004-2.98μg/L, 0.02-2.41μg/L and 0.01-0.04μg/L, and in summer less than the LOD, respectively. Different studies have shown that pesticides residue concentration in water samples have a relationship with the amount of pesticides used in an area, physical and chemical refractory properties of pesticides and environmental conditions. Thus, using resistant pollutants such as pesticides will be a serious threat to health of water consumers if they are not properly controlled. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Physiological response of Gerbera jamesonii L. cut flowers to the cola and peppermint essence.
        Mehrdad Babarabie Hossein Zarei Feryal Varasteh
        10.30495/ijpp.2016.532688
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        50 - Bioreduction of environmental Al by Lisianthus plant
        Faeze Ghanati Zeynab Hashemi
        Aluminum is a trivalent metal which due to its abundance in the earth's crust is one of the major environmental problems.Cation Al3+ in acidic soils is a key factor in the decline of agricultural production. Abundance of Al in water, air and soil around us results in it More
        Aluminum is a trivalent metal which due to its abundance in the earth's crust is one of the major environmental problems.Cation Al3+ in acidic soils is a key factor in the decline of agricultural production. Abundance of Al in water, air and soil around us results in its uptake and accumulation in the body. Aluminum consumption in the form of antacids and drugs with aluminum hydroxide, Al presence in drinking water and food consumption for baking powder or cheeses is very common. On the other hand may also cause diseases such as Alzheimer's, osteoporosis, calcium deficiency, acute neurological disease, anemia, headache, decreased kidney function and bladder, slurred speech and loss of memory.  Identifying plants bearing the ability to absorb high amounts of Al and continuous growth without toxicity can be considered as an effective step in refining the soil and water from this element. The aim of this study is the investigation on the Al uptake capacity of Lisianthus aluminum in a hydroponic system. For this purpose, Lisianthus seedlings in hydroponic culture were treated with 400, 600, 800 and 1200 µM of Al for 10 days. The results showed no significant increase in superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide as an indicator of stress in the roots. As well as the punctual increase iron regenerative power (FRAP) in the group treated with aluminum compared to the control group suggesting a high antioxidant power Lisianthus against aluminum. . The results suggest that Lisianthus can be used to reduce the concentration of Al in the environment.   Manuscript profile
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        51 - The Myth of Blood and Its Ritual Functions in the Stories of Shāhnāmeh
        Hasan Heidary Mozhgān Sādeghpour Mobārakeh
        Old rituals are associated with mythology, which means that man has lived with myth from the beginning. Human beings have common concepts such as suffering, happiness, war, peace, love and other emotions that open to a common sense and bring together single people; so t More
        Old rituals are associated with mythology, which means that man has lived with myth from the beginning. Human beings have common concepts such as suffering, happiness, war, peace, love and other emotions that open to a common sense and bring together single people; so they give meaning to myths and rituals. Blood is a part of human biological existence and his/her stream of life that goes beyond the body, becomes a common concept among humans and is the source of many myths and ancient rituals in the personal and social life of mankind. The myth of blood is manifested among various nations in various forms. Among Iranian people, the myth has many faces which some of them, such as shedding blood and drinking it, are appeared in Shāhnāmeh, the national Iranian epic. By using an analytical-comparative approach and based on evidence from other cultures, the present essay attempts to study the myth of blood and its ritual functions in the stories of Shāhnāmeh. The result of the research shows that the myth has a ritual function in forms of scapegoating, repelling evil, seeking revenge, mourning and Anew life. Manuscript profile
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        52 - Ritual Drinking of Wine as a Modified Form of Drinking Blood of the Sacrifice
        ayoob omidi
        10.30495/mmlq.2022.697529
        Ritual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of More
        Ritual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of the sacrifice than anything else. According to what is mentioned in Persian narrative poetry texts, due to the importance and position of the kings, wine drinking was often held in their memory. After the kings, there were heroes in whose honor the most wine drinking rituals were held, because they were supporters of royal glory, national independence and defense of people against foreigners. Recommending to drink wine in memory of heroes and elders (before war and after death) is an invitation to a ritual, and it has an effect on their afterlife destiny and is the cause of attracting the spiritual and spiritual power of wine drinkers. The present research, by using descriptive-analytical method and referring to Persian narrative poetry texts (written till 7th A.H. century), attempts to show that ritual drinking of wine is a modified way of drinking the blood of a victim in primitive rituals. The results of the research show that collective wine drinking in battlefield and banquet of kings, heroes and elders is a kind of non-bloody offering to the spirit of the departed; collective wine drinking leads to longevity, health and prosperity. It causes the spiritual union of wine drinkers with the soul of the departed. Manuscript profile
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        53 - The zoning of drinking water resource quality by combining Analytic Hierarchy Process and GIS in the north of Qazvin Plain
        B. Talebi N. Sajadi T. Sharmad
        Identifying acceptable drinking water sources depend on the methods which always incorporate the correct and logical choices. One of these methods is combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS), which is one of the appropria More
        Identifying acceptable drinking water sources depend on the methods which always incorporate the correct and logical choices. One of these methods is combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS), which is one of the appropriate assessment tools for groundwater management. The main objective of this study is to evaluate groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Qazvin plain. In order to build the groundwater quality map of this area, water quality parameters of 17 wells including total dissolved solids, hardness, sodium, chloride and sulfate during 2013 was measured. At the first step, the zoning map parameters were drawn by Interpolation method, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), then classifications of maps were prepared based on Schoeller method. Afterwards the weights of the parameters were determined with the help of AHP. In the final stage, groundwater quality map of the study area was created by multiplying their combined weights to related zones. The results showed that about 83 percent of the area water quality is good and acceptable and about 17 percent is inappropriate. It could be concluded that most of the water in the study area in the Qazvin plain has good quality while central and eastern parts have more drinkable water sources. Manuscript profile
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        54 - A Review of the Use of Chestnut in Traditional and Innovative Food Products
        Raquel P. F. Guiné Cátia Costa Sofia G. Florença Paula M. R. Correia
        10.22034/jon.2022.1953486.1155
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        55 - Heavy Metals Contamination and Distribution in Drinking Water from Urban Area of Mashhad City in Northeast Iran: Implications for Water Quality Assessment
        Batoul Zarif Gharaati Oftadeh Belin Tavakoly Sany Hossein Alidadi Mohammad Zangouei Reza Barati Atefeh Naseri Mohammad Tafaghodi
        10.22034/jchr.2021.1931089.1312
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        56 - Investigating Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Drinking Water of Five Districts in Tehran and Assessing the Presence of Nitrate Reducing Bacteria
        Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad Shirazi Maryam Tala Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Bahareh Nowruzi Zohreh Saeidi Masomeh Negahban
        10.22034/jchr.2021.1921756.1246
        Manuscript profile
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        57 - The quality assessment of Kan River's resources in terms of agricultural and drinking purposes
        Nooshin Sajjadi Mohammad Davoodi S.Ali Jozi
        10.22034/ap.2019.582368.1036
        Manuscript profile
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        58 - Effect of Caffeine-based Energy Drinks on Perceived Exertion and Mood of Basketball Players Aged 16 to 18 Years
        pezhman ahmadi vahid farahani bita divsarnaz
        In recent years the consumption of energy drinks has increased dramatically, especially among athletes. Athletes believe that consuming energy drinks increases their performance due to their ergogenic compounds such as sugars, caffeine and taurine. The age range was 16 More
        In recent years the consumption of energy drinks has increased dramatically, especially among athletes. Athletes believe that consuming energy drinks increases their performance due to their ergogenic compounds such as sugars, caffeine and taurine. The age range was 16 to 18 years. The statistical population of the study was 60 male high school students in the third grade of the Malard School of Physical Education, out of which 24 volunteers with the same weight (between 68 and 72 kg) were selected. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: consumption of 250 ml hype drinks with caffeine (32 mg per 100 ml), placebo and baseline conditions. Interventions were applied for 3 weeks. In the present study, Wall Sit test was used for fatigue. Then, perception of stress through Borg index and mood status was assessed by Broms Questionnaire in two stages of pretest and posttest. The results of Friedman test and repeated analysis of variance showed that consumption of hype drinks significantly reduced perception of stress and temperament in adolescent basketball players. As a result, energy drink hype can be effective in reducing perception of stress and improving mood in adolescent basketball players. The present study also showed that perception of placebo (effect of placebo) can be effective in reducing perception of stress and mood.             Manuscript profile

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