Drama

Open Access Article

1 - A Glance at the Literary Man, Poet and Playwright, Suleiman Al-Hozami and the Play “Bedayat Al-Nahayat”
Seyed Ebrahim Arman Zohre Banbi

Drama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is More

Drama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is proper for applying national themes and calling for freedom, rising against oppression and resistance. The present article surveys the works of one of the prominent pioneers of this literary form, Suleiman Al-Hozami from Kuwait, some of whose works are translated into English, Spanish and Persian. Manuscript profile

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2 - Review On The Thoughts Of Najib Mahfouz
Akbar Bashiri

Najib Mahfouz was born in 1911. He got his B.A in philosophy and became interested in literature. His literary life started in 1921 with writing philosophical and social articles in newspapers. His literary life can be divided into three stages: 1. The Romantic stag More

Najib Mahfouz was born in 1911. He got his B.A in philosophy and became interested in literature. His literary life started in 1921 with writing philosophical and social articles in newspapers. His literary life can be divided into three stages: 1. The Romantic stage including the works such as "Mohabbat Al-aghdar", "Radopis" and "Kafah Tebiyyah" 2. The stage of social realities including the works such as "New Cairo". 3. The stage of philosophical realities including the works such as "our neighbors children"  Manuscript profile

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3 - "Ahl Al Kahf" Drama by Towfiq Hakim under Post Modernism Criticism
Abdolrazaq Rahmani Zahra Garmei Amineh Zargar

Post modernism criticism is a philosophical theory which was founded in 20th century by Jacques Derrida; preference of writing on speech is the basis of the post modernism. This school contains important expressions which should be paid attention to; such as opposition/ More

Post modernism criticism is a philosophical theory which was founded in 20th century by Jacques Derrida; preference of writing on speech is the basis of the post modernism. This school contains important expressions which should be paid attention to; such as opposition/delay/presence/absence and distribution. Towfiq Hakim owns many works with many different methods. He is known as a pioneer in mind drama and Ahl Al Kahf Drama is of a special importance amongst his works and contains studying and surveying the Egypt's problems and troubles in the colonialism era. The present paper is studying dualism of character, place and thought in Ahl Al Kahf drama. The paper shows us that a reader may apply in the text analysis and create a new text. Manuscript profile

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4 - Manifestation of Hallaj's Mask in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati's Poetry
Foad Abdollah Zadeh Ali Asghar Habibi Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari Mojtaba Behrouzi

Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way More

Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way by applying different symbols of dream. This article – which is done in descriptive – analytic method – studies symbolization and its importance in al-Bayati's poetry in general as well as analyzing Hallaj symbol. He has applies this symbol in many different poetries such as "Hallaj's Torture". The common points in two characters caused forming mask technique in the best way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Why Arabic Literature lacks Epic poetry
Ali Saberi

Epic poetry is a sort of ancient literature which exists in most of the world's literatures such as Roman, Greek, Indian and Iranian; but Arabic Literature has not used this type of literature. Major reasons for this are as follows: 1. Lack of nationalistic sense 2. More

Epic poetry is a sort of ancient literature which exists in most of the world's literatures such as Roman, Greek, Indian and Iranian; but Arabic Literature has not used this type of literature. Major reasons for this are as follows: 1. Lack of nationalistic sense 2. Arabic poetry is mostly based on vocality 3. There haven't been real long term wars between Arabs 4. Arabic poetry has had mostly one type of rhyme and rhythm and thus has not been able to adapt itself with Epic poetry  Manuscript profile

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6 - An Investigation of duration in the Time Speed of Narrative Based on Gerard Genette's narratology (A Comparative Study of Gholam-Hossein Sāedī's Azādārān-e Bayal (Mourners of Bayal) and Mouloud Feraoun's Ibn al-Faqīr)
Salah al-din Abdi Abozar GolzarKhojasteh Mitra Khodadian

The time is the main element in changing an incident to a story. So, one of the important problems in structuralist theories is the situation of time in narration. This problem has a long history among thinkers and theorists. Time is a significant component in two stori More

The time is the main element in changing an incident to a story. So, one of the important problems in structuralist theories is the situation of time in narration. This problem has a long history among thinkers and theorists. Time is a significant component in two stories of Azādārān-e Bayal (Mourners of Bayal) and Ibn al-Faqīr (the poor man's son), and its importance becomes more clear by exploring and examining this element in these two stories. The most complete theory about the element of time in the story is Gerard Genette's theory. For Genette, the formation of time depends on three temporal components: order; duration; and frequency. In the present study only the second component, i.e., the duration, in the two stories of Azādārān-e Bayal and Ibn al-Faqīr is examined. The results of the study show that Azādārān-e Bayal has steady speed of time in narration of the story, whereas the narration of the story in Ibn al-Faqīr is slow with a negative acceleration, and the writer rather used a descriptive delay category. The research method of the article is analytic-descriptive and is based on the American comparative school. Manuscript profile

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7 - A Comparative Analysis of the Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Dramas: A Case Study of the play 'Death of Cleopatra'
Majid Saleh Bek

Researchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and More

Researchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and large acceptable. They also believe that its early stages of formation carried out by Ahmed Shawqi, the Egyptian genius poet, whose knowledge of western literature, especially French literature, strengthened his motivation to benefit from this new literary genre. Fascinated in the French literature and especially dramatic literature, Ahmed Shawqi pursued the way of the great playwrights such as Pierre Corneille, Racine and Moliere in his works. He introduced dramatic stories, as a new literary genre into the Arabic language and turned to historical poems, a way that enhanced the status of historical poem dramas. In the present article "The Death of Cleopatra" is chosen among Shawqi's historical plays. This play was written in 1927 to defend a character that Ahmed Shawqi imagined the history distorted her face. In this play, he defends surprisingly Cleopatra, the queen of the pharaonic era, and portrays her as a patriot who is infatuated with her country, Egypt. In his opinion, Cleopatra was wrongly judged by western historians. They portrayed her as a reveler and capricious woman who does not care about the interests of her country. In his historical dramas, Ahmed Shawqi is not satisfied only with plotting the events of history; rather, his goal in representation historical events and characters is to use them symbolically in order to raise moral, social, political and even psychological issues. He presents an art that is structurally complete and possessed the features of the show. Therefore, it can be said that the historical poem dramas were created and flourished by this revivalist poet under the influence of the greats of this field, such as Racine, Pierre Corneille, Moliere, and Shakespeare. Manuscript profile

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8 - The Tragedy of Siavash and the historical Edification
Mohammad Navid Bazargan Seyyed Ebrahim Arman

Literature audience has permanently searched for profound human moral values, values which require years of experience to be gained and appreciated. Concerning tragedy the fact is that although it arouses man's pity and grief, it leads to catharsis as well. The audience More

Literature audience has permanently searched for profound human moral values, values which require years of experience to be gained and appreciated. Concerning tragedy the fact is that although it arouses man's pity and grief, it leads to catharsis as well. The audience who has experienced throughout drama, leaves the theatre gladly. After the discussion of tragedy in dramatic literature, this paper will examine the epic tragedy of Siavash composed by the great Iranian poet Ferdowsi. This paper will also  elaborate on the didactic quality of Ferdowsi as well. Manuscript profile

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9 - Interpolating Tradition in Antar ibn Shaddad by Abou Khalil Alqabbani
Fatemeh Parchekani

Calling tradition is among clearest areas which can be found in modern dramatic literary and artistic texts.  The ancient hero is quite well known  and since long has  found his place in literature and art of different nations especially in legends, epics More

Calling tradition is among clearest areas which can be found in modern dramatic literary and artistic texts.  The ancient hero is quite well known  and since long has  found his place in literature and art of different nations especially in legends, epics, folk tales, oral literature and dramatic texts such that it was in a battle with other elements and defeated them. Abou Khalil Alqabbani, the first Syrian playwright and among leaders of play writing in Arab  and eastern world generally wrote many plays and borrowed some of their subjects from ancient narrations including “Antar ibn Shaddad”. Although there were other dramatic texts in Arabic literature about this hero, importance of Alqabani's play is latent in this fact that this is the first work of this kind in the Arab world and is investigated in descriptive- analytical method based on hero's characteristic in original story as a literary text and modern play as a dramatic art  .The results of his study shows that although Alqabbani does not emphasize the story of Antar as a historical event, he calls story of the hero to describe situation in which he lives and social condition of his own society because his society needs to remind a brave hero with good ethic and chivalric features whom Antar represents. Manuscript profile

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10 - The Birth and Growth of Iranian Dramatic literature in Mirror of criticism
Naser Ghasemi Neda Rasuoli

In addition to the different arts, in ancient Iran, there were ruins of the festivals and religious rituals indicating an early past existence of theatre and drama. After Islam Iran witnessed other kinds of theatre, deriving their subjects from folk literature and legen More

In addition to the different arts, in ancient Iran, there were ruins of the festivals and religious rituals indicating an early past existence of theatre and drama. After Islam Iran witnessed other kinds of theatre, deriving their subjects from folk literature and legends like: AL taezia, Mirnorozy (AL Nyrouz Prince), Imitation and AL hood show and several others. Throughout the Samanian period (858 – 968) Iran witnessed a great flourishing of literature, particularly theatre and drama. But after the Mogul attack on Iran, literature and culture went into decline. This lasted until the beginning of Safawian period early sixteenth century when literature was revived and theatre came to the fore although primitively. Iran knew modern western literature in all its artistic forms since mid nineteenth century, particularly after constructing Dar al Fonun (the school where modern arts and sciences are being taught) in Tehran and the start of translation from European languages. Mirza Agha Tabrizi was the first writer and dramatist to write three short plays in 1866. He published some of them in al-Ittihād Newspaper (in Tabriz) in 1908, getting some help in expressing his political and philosophic opinions through the dramatically artistic writing. Manuscript profile

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11 - A Critical Vision on the Appearance of Historical Drama in Iran
Naser Ghasemi

The modern theater has planted its roots in the mid-nineteenth century in different ways, in particular translation, and the Iranian dramatists emotion of French plays, especially plays by Moliere. The theater initially was comedies, which was the neutralization of the More

The modern theater has planted its roots in the mid-nineteenth century in different ways, in particular translation, and the Iranian dramatists emotion of French plays, especially plays by Moliere. The theater initially was comedies, which was the neutralization of the gullible villagers and intimates of Iranian society. Then twist and raised plays that focused on live models of life and society. The Iranian theater  characterized since its inception  and historical tendency, has resorted Iranian playwright since they know the western theater from history and were  inspired. Nostalgia to the past which is full of stories and  exciting and funny anecdotes and heroic figures, to enlighten the people and awake them against the tyrants and foreign rulers were among common subjects , and  also  were written for the purpose of projections and re-evaluation of  historical events from a contemporary perspective.  This article explains  the appearance of historical drama in Iran, and the reasons that led the  playwrights to  this literary genre, and to indicate the path of development through  passing various stages, and also studies  the historical dramas of that era with descriptive and analytical method Manuscript profile

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12 - Reflection of Childhood World in the play “Green Case” by Farhan Bolbol
Abbas Ganjali Abdolbaset Arab yousofabadi

   Child drama is considered  as one of effective instruments in mental, emotional,  and cultural child growth  and Farhan Bolbol who is one of the best Arabic dramatis has entered in this field by writing three dramas. Drama of “green cas More

   Child drama is considered  as one of effective instruments in mental, emotional,  and cultural child growth  and Farhan Bolbol who is one of the best Arabic dramatis has entered in this field by writing three dramas. Drama of “green case” expresses   a conflict between children  and ghosts for gaining a green case which is symbol of freedom and success in this drama. Characters of this drama are going to gain a case and its key. Key in this drama is symbol of knowledge and attempt in life, because it is with knowledge and attempt  that we can reach the happiness. Farhan in this drama is insisting on an educational  method to satisfy children's intellectual needs and inform them about world of benevolence. In this article  we are going to explain how Farhan uses all of dramatic  elements to portray child world and what is the real aim which make him to be interested in child literature. We, by using a technical research method, try to extract different dimensions and elements of children's drama  which is summarized  in plot, character, themes, dialogue, conflict and we have explained instances of child world in this drama by a technical method. In the end, we have concluded that Farhan has used the drama as an instrument to teach and train children.  Manuscript profile

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13 - Construction and Standardization of Organizational Psycho-Pathologic Diagnostic Test
منوچهر کامکار منوچهر کامکار علی دلاور حسن احدی حسین آزاد

The main purpose of this research was to construct and standardize an organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test among industrial-productive and administrative-serving Organizations in Isfahan city. For this purpose the first organizational psycho-pathologic diagn More

The main purpose of this research was to construct and standardize an organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test among industrial-productive and administrative-serving Organizations in Isfahan city. For this purpose the first organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic questionnaire was prepared with questions on the basis of preliminary administration on workers ( from industrial-productive and from administrative-serving Organizations) and theoretical constructions. Then, operant workers were randomly selected ( from industrial-productive and from administrative-serving Organizations) and the questionnaire was administered to them. Finally, items were selected for organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test on the basis of two criteria including positive correlation with a total score of test and positive factorial load on only one factor. The construct validity of the test was investigated with an exploratory factor analysis and Varimax method of rotation. Six factors were found: dramatic (with questions), depressed (with questions), psychotic (with questions), paranoid (with questions), anxious (with questions), obsessive-compulsive (with questions), organizations. These six factors accounted for percent of the total scales variance. Eigen value of this factors were and . Internal consistency and test-retest reliability showed that the alpha for six sub-scales was. and respectively. The split-half coefficients also were. and respectively. The result of test-retest showed that timing reliability coefficients of the scale and sub-scales were. and and the total was significant (P < ) the total test-retest coefficients also were in addition to evidences related to the validity and reliability questionnaire, statistical standards, such as mean, standard deviation, percentile ranks (from to percentile ranks) and standard scores (such as Z,T and Stanine scores) was also prepared and presented. Manuscript profile

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14 - Efficacy of Psychodrama on Social Anxiety, Self-esteem and Psychological Well-being of University Students that met Diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder
Hamed Mousavi Sayed Abbas Haghayegh

10.30486/jsrp.2019.565164.1284

This research aimed to determine the efficacy of Psychodrama on social anxiety, self-esteem and psychological well-being of students that met diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder. In first stage of sampling, questionnaire of social anxiety distributed in universities of More

This research aimed to determine the efficacy of Psychodrama on social anxiety, self-esteem and psychological well-being of students that met diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder. In first stage of sampling, questionnaire of social anxiety distributed in universities of Najafabad and students answered. In next stage, 30 students who meet diagnosis of social phobia, according to cut of point of this questionnaire(30), were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups with 15 patients in each group. The Questionnaires of Social phobia(Kanver,2000), Self-esteem (Rozenberg,1965) and Well-being (Ryff,1970) were completed as the pretest, post-test and follow-up. The Psychodrama was conducted in 10 sessions (in 2months) in consulting center of an Azad university. Then Questionnaires were completed again. Results multivariate analysis of covariance showed that Psychodrama has been significant effect in reduction of post-test mean scores of social anxiety, self-esteem and psychological well-being (P<0.005). Psychodrama is a technical treatment(such as confrontation, asserting) could be useful to improvement of social anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile

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15 - Comparing Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Women’s suffering from Personality Disorders and Normal Women’s
ELAHEH SHAFAEI hamid atashpuor

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1935740.3087

The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in women’s suffering from personality disorders and normal women’s in Isfahan. The research method was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of the study includes two groups; More

The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in women’s suffering from personality disorders and normal women’s in Isfahan. The research method was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of the study includes two groups; Women with borderline personality disorders were dramatic, obsessive, dependent, and avoidant, and normal women in year 2019. In this study, purposive non-probabilistic sampling method was used, in which 60 women aged 20 to 40 years with personality disorder referred to counseling centers in Isfahan and 60 healthy individuals were purposefully selected and answered the research questionnaires. The assessment tool included a questionnaire of early traumatic schemas (Young, 1998). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance The results showed that there was a significant difference between primary traumatic schemas among women with borderline, dramatic, obsessive, dependent and avoidant personality disorders with normal women (P <0.01).Thus, people with personality disorder had higher scores than normal people in the components of cut and rejection, autonomy and dysfunction, other directionality, inhibition and excessive ringing and impaired constraints. Based on these results, it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological, social, emotional and family processes of people with personality disorder and to help their psychological health by using appropriate intervention methods such as schema therapy. Manuscript profile

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16 - The Effect of Psychodrama on Social Anxiety and Interpersonal Sensitivity of Secondary School Teenage Girls
Farideh Hamidi Freshteh Hasanpour Khademi

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1880492.2099

The present research aimed to investigate the effect of the psychodrama on the social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity of the secondary school teenage girls. This study was a quasi-experimental design as pretest-posttest with the control group. The statist More

The present research aimed to investigate the effect of the psychodrama on the social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity of the secondary school teenage girls. This study was a quasi-experimental design as pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all 11th grade students of Karaj Secondary School in the academic year of 2018-2019 which were determined based on the screening score in the pre-tests. 30 students were randomly selected to answer two research questionnaires, including the Puklek Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale (Puklek, 1997) and the Boyce & Parker International Personal Sensitivity Questionnaire (Boyce & Parker, 1989). The experimental group received the psychodrama treatment during 8 sessions 90min. After the end of training, the students of both groups were reassessed by the mentioned tests. Result of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that, the test group in comparison with the control group had a significant reduction in social anxiety disorder and interpersonal sensitivity scores (P≤0/01). Therefore, psychotherapy by using the art of drama in treatment and applying and making changes, both externally and objectifying internal imaginations and tendencies, creating new realities, causes an outpouring and psychological refinement of the individual and increases mental health and also decrease the symptoms of anxiety and sensitivity in a person's relationship. Manuscript profile

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17 - Effect of Teaching Modern English Drama on the Students’ Fluency and Accuracy of Speaking
Kian Pishkar Ahmad Moeinzadeh Azizollah Dabaghi

Manuscript profile

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18 - Mystical Function of Situational and Dramatic Irony in Masnavi Mowlavi
Mohammad Reza Haji-Agha Babaie Amir Hossein Pahlavan

One of the literary techniques used by poets and writers is irony. Irony refers to a speech or situation which results in discordance between the audience and the speaker. In such a case, the speaker says something or acts in a certain manner while the understanding of More

One of the literary techniques used by poets and writers is irony. Irony refers to a speech or situation which results in discordance between the audience and the speaker. In such a case, the speaker says something or acts in a certain manner while the understanding of the audience differs from what the speaker intended. In irony, we find two elements: first, the element of innocence, and, second, the element of humor. Innocence, or unknowing trust, mostly relates to the victim of the irony who usually puts his/her trust in the ironist, and falls victim to the deception or pretense of the ironist. The element of humor is the other essential feature of irony. In ironic stories, the characters of the story are juxtaposed in a manner to create a humorous effect. The present article investigated the function of situational and dramatic irony in Masnavi. Molavi, drawing on situational and dramatic irony, has attempted to put the audience in a situation where they, while being aware of the ironic nature of the situation, are surprised, and, therefore, gain a better understanding of the rich concepts. Ironic speech has enabled Molavi to adopt an approach in the climax of the story which is unexpected by the audience, thus dealing them the final blow, and he takes great advantage of such an opportunity to present his rich irfanic [=of true knowledge] and didactic concepts.   Manuscript profile

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19 - The relationship between time and the aesthetics of the play "The Crow's Mouth"
Leila javaheri Mohammad Reza Sharifzade merdad rayani makhsos

Time, as one of the important components of "narrative", has always been one of the important topics of the science of "narrative" and the theorists of this field have discussed it. In the meantime, "Gerard Genet", as the most influential theoretician about the time of More

Time, as one of the important components of "narrative", has always been one of the important topics of the science of "narrative" and the theorists of this field have discussed it. In the meantime, "Gerard Genet", as the most influential theoretician about the time of the text, has presented an independent theory about the factor of time and its role in the narrative, order And it is often distinguished. Looking at the play as a text with a conventional structure and relying on time, which includes elements such as: confusion, conflict, complexity, suspense, crisis, disaster, and landing, which follow each other in a certain order; The present research intends to use a descriptive and analytical method, while examining the temporality of the narrative play "Dehani Per Ya Kalagh" written by "Jamshid Khanian", to answer the question: what effect does the temporal model used in the play "Dahani Per Ya Kalagh" based on the approach of "Gerard Genet" have on Does this work have a structural aesthetic? Since time is one of the influential components in Jamshid Khanian's dramatic works, this article aims to show, based on the approach of "Gerard Genet", the special temporality used in the play "The Crow's Mouth" as a narrative, in order to plan and discover the hidden cause in The events and payment of the structure, creating suspense and attractiveness for the audience and adding depth and richness to the characters have been effective. Manuscript profile

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20 - Presenting a Model of Film Marketing Process in Iran and Describing the Model (Case Study: Social Drama Genre)
Mona Turkman Esmaeil Hassanpour Ghoroghchi Serajeddin Mohebi

10.30495/jsm.2021.1943289.1556

Manuscript profile

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21 - Effectiveness of drama therapy on emotional, physical and mental components of marital burnout in women
Shima Shahraki Ghadimi Afsane Khajevand Khoshli Javanshir Asadi

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of drama therapy on emotional, physical and mental components of marital burnout in women. This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental and control groups. Research pop More

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of drama therapy on emotional, physical and mental components of marital burnout in women. This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental and control groups. Research population was women aged 25-35 years with marital problems referring to the counseling centers of Mashhad city in spring season of 2017 year. Sample research was 44 women that selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (each group 22 woman). The experimental group 10 sessions of 90 minutes trained by drama therapy. Data collected with the questionnaires of Pines marital burnout (1996) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the emotional, physical and mental components of marital burnout of women. In the other words, drama therapy significantly led to improve the emotional, physical and mental components of marital burnout in women (P<0/05). The results indicated the importance of drama therapy in improving the emotional, physical and mental components of marital burnout in women. As a result, therapists can be use from drama therapy method to improve the marital burnout components of women. Manuscript profile

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22 - Investigate the effectiveness and sustainability of creative drama on social adjustment of aggressive gifted adolescents
Shadi Ahadifar Samira Vakili Simin Hoseinian Soghand Ghasemzadeh

Aggression is common in adolescents and one of the psychological characteristics of adolescents is an increase in the tendency to aggressive behaviors and aggressive adolescents usually have problems in social adjustment. Therefore, present research conducted aimed to i More

Aggression is common in adolescents and one of the psychological characteristics of adolescents is an increase in the tendency to aggressive behaviors and aggressive adolescents usually have problems in social adjustment. Therefore, present research conducted aimed to investigate the effectiveness and sustainability of creative drama on social adjustment of aggressive gifted adolescents. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and one month follow-up study and a control group. The research population was aggressive gifted adolescents in talented girls' schools in the second district of Tehran city during the academic years of 2019-20. Considering the inclusion criteria 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 12 two-hour sessions weekly in the creative drama program and the control group did not receive any training. The data were collected in the pretest, posttest and one month follow-up stages by aggression questionnaire (Bass and Perry, 1992) and the social adjustment subscale in the California test personality (Tiegs and et al, 1953). The data were analyzed by chi-square, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SP-19SS software in the significant level of 0.05. The results showed that the experimental and control groups did not significant difference in terms of course of study and age (P>0.05). Also, the creative drama method led to increase social adjustment in aggressive gifted adolescents and the results remained stable in the follow-up phase (p < 0.001). According to the results, counselors and psychologists can use the creative drama method along with other methods to improve the psychological characteristics of adolescents, especially their social adjustment. Manuscript profile

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23 - The study of situational Irony In Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas
razie fani aski firooz fazeli mahmood ranjbar

Irony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. More

Irony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. Because of critical language and authority of Theme’s writer in demonstration of specific problems. Personification, scene, plot and actions in this works have potential power for Irony of situation and Grotesque showing. Therefore we endeavor to indicate all kinds of ironical situation and Grotesque in this research, methods of creating them and Theme’s social reflections. With deliberation in this works we see that Characterization and Comic actions are the dominant factor of creation of situational irony. This case is more dominant in drama. Plot. And network of communication between Characters have important roles in ironical behavior action, situation, scene and dialogue. But character’s situation is the pivotal point and other formation. Moreover satirize Management system. The Most important subjects that are writer’s purpose are: cultural and Jeopardy of Society, Modernism, lack of justice and exist of corruption in diverse class in society Manuscript profile

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24 - The Analysis of Dramatic Discourse with a Layered Stylistics Approach in the novel of Hiccup Moments by Ahmad Akbarpour
somayeh avarand Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerouni Seyed Ja&#039;far Hamidi mohamad reza shahbazi

Discourse is a term used for examples of language usage and how it affects the audience, including the language of communication, or larger linguistic units such as interviews, conversations, texts, etc. Therefore, discourse manifests in a variety of forms. Sometimes it More

Discourse is a term used for examples of language usage and how it affects the audience, including the language of communication, or larger linguistic units such as interviews, conversations, texts, etc. Therefore, discourse manifests in a variety of forms. Sometimes it manifests as a lecture, sometimes a novel, and sometimes as a play or script, and the like. With this mission of discourse, it appears that in some of the texts, especially novels, two or more types of discourse can be distinguished due to the circumstances and the type of sentence structure. The present descriptive-analytical study tried to first define the discourse and then to examine dramatic discourse with respect to the stylistic characteristics of the novel of Hiccup Moments by Ahmad Akbarpour. The findings indicate that the obvious style of the novel is satyre and is structurally close to a play or screenplay, so that if the author has chosen the play and screenplay forms instead of the novel to express his ideology, he would have been still successful. Manuscript profile

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25 - Lingual Difference in the Translation of Early Versus Contemporary Dramatic texts in Iran
Elmira Solymanirad Ali khazaei far Masood khosh salighe

There are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead transl More

There are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead translators to use different strategies and  language structures in the translation: the dual classification of dramatic texts into page and stage translation. This paper aims at investigating the language differences of dramatic texts in two different periods in Iran. For this aim, six dramas were selected (three dramas from the earlier periods of translating dramatic texts in Iran and three dramas from contemporary periods). They were analyzed from standard and colloquial language point of view. The results showed that translators followed standard language approach in translating the early dramatic texts although some Persian idioms and colloquial phrases were seen at some spots. And it showed that in contemporary translations that translators’ approach to translating dramatic texts is using colloquial language. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Effect of Creating Drama by Combining Zeigarnic Origin on the Memorization and Cognitive Recreating Concepts Lessons Hedyehaye Asemani
maryam pourjamshidi جمشید حیدری حسین زنگنه

The Effect of Creating Drama by Combining Zeigarnic Origin on the Memorization and Cognitive Recreating Concepts Lessons Hedyehaye Asemani. Abstract: Background: Teaching Method is one of the most important element Instructional Design Process that Impact of academic pe More

The Effect of Creating Drama by Combining Zeigarnic Origin on the Memorization and Cognitive Recreating Concepts Lessons Hedyehaye Asemani. Abstract: Background: Teaching Method is one of the most important element Instructional Design Process that Impact of academic performance. Aim: The aim of present research was effect creating drama by combining zeigarnic origin on the memorization and cognitive recreating concepts lessons hedyehaye asemani. Method: The statistical population included all of the female fourth graders primary school students in Asad abad city in Hamedan. Among study population, 20 students were selected randomly by multiple cluster sampeling method divided into two groups (control and experimental). The instrument included the memorization questionnaire and cognitive recreating questionnaire in this research, before the start of training from both groups were tested.The control group were treated 8 concepts from lessons hedyehaye asemani with creating drama but the experimental group were treated by creating drama with combining zeigarnic origin method. Results: The results of data analysis through co-variance indicated that there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups with regard to concept memorization but there was significant difference between the two groups in cognitive recreating concepts. Conclusions: As a result it can be claimed that creative drama with combining zeigarnic origin do have an outstanding effect on improving the students learning. Keywords: zeigarnic origin, Memorization, Cognitive Recreating, Creating Drama Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The effect of applied drama on creativity and critical thinking of fourth grade students in Tehran
Zahra Hasanzadeh chaijani Hamidreza Maghami Mohammad reza Nili ahmadabadi Aَrash Abrazi bakhshayesh

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applied drama teaching methods on creativity and critical thinking among students. The present study is a quantitative type and its method is quasi-experimental and the pre-test-post-test design of one group was use More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applied drama teaching methods on creativity and critical thinking among students. The present study is a quantitative type and its method is quasi-experimental and the pre-test-post-test design of one group was used. Palestine 2 and will eventually be replaced by the experimental and control groups. The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire. Torrance creativity and Critical thinking of Fashion test was used to measure creativity. The method of teaching applied drama was performed during 10 training sessions. The collected data were analyzed using statistical method of dependent groups. Findings showed that the method of teaching drama has a positive and significant effect on students' creativity. The results showed that the drama teaching method had a positive and significant effect on students' critical thinking. The results showed that the method of teaching applied drama has an effect on the components of creativity and critical thinking among students. As a result, teachers and educators should try to promote students' creativity and critical thinking by using applied drama teaching methods and providing appropriate educational models Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Effect of Creative Show on Behavior of Preschool Students
M. Jafari

  This study reports on a creative theater participated by kindergarten children and the evaluation of its effect on their behavior. Data analysis was descriptive and researcher used a qualitative approach in analyzing the study data. This study includes the detail More

  This study reports on a creative theater participated by kindergarten children and the evaluation of its effect on their behavior. Data analysis was descriptive and researcher used a qualitative approach in analyzing the study data. This study includes the details about the way sessions were conducted, researcher’s observations, and children’s behavioral changes during the sessions. The study questions were: 1) how children are affected by a creative theater workshop? And 2) how a creative theater can increase children awareness and creative abilities? Observation was the means for collecting data in this study. The type of observation was revealed since the observer (theater teacher) was participating in the observation scene. Observer used a recording device as a tool for collecting data and recorded scenes and communications during the study. Captured pictures by a recording device are considered as secondary observations by research experts. The study population was kindergarten children under 7 years. The children were selected objectively. The study population included seven girls and boys under 7 from a selected kindergarten. The researcher recorded the events in the workshop and studied behavioral changes in children compared to their behavior before the workshop. The research studied children’s participation, creative abilities, and skills in various simulated social settings and evaluated the effects on children’s self-confidence. This study revealed that entertainment, playing roles, and group participation are important factors in behavioral changes in children when playing creative theater.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Interrelationship between Literature and Language Teaching: Drama and Speaking
Hamed Badpa Parivash Zare Behtash Esmail Zare Behtsh

The paper aimed to understand how role-playing affected the speaking proficiency of pre-intermediate EFL learners. Speaking skills in the experimental and control groups were evaluated. 24 pre-intermediate students from the English Translation Field of Chabahar Maritime More

The paper aimed to understand how role-playing affected the speaking proficiency of pre-intermediate EFL learners. Speaking skills in the experimental and control groups were evaluated. 24 pre-intermediate students from the English Translation Field of Chabahar Maritime University in Chabahar, Iran, who were chosen for the study based on their performance on a pretest, comprised the participants. Twenty was the range of their ages. Both male and female students were present. While the treatment implemented for each group was chosen randomly, these two groups were not. The placement test results showed the participants' homogeneity and degree of proficiency. Using role-playing techniques, the researcher conducted in-group activities to simulate conversation. The conventional method of instruction was given to the control group simultaneously. The post-test was given to understand their improvement in speaking after eighteen sessions utilizing "Speak Now 1". According to inferential statistics, the experimental group members performed differently in the post-test. After comparing utilizing two independent paired t-tests, the mean for the control group was 12 while the experimental group was 14. The mean of the two groups differed by 2 points, and the p-value was p= 0.026<p= .05. In summary, the experimental group had better outcomes. Also, it could improve their speaking ability using the above-mentioned book that acting in front of their peers, enhanced their expressive abilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Psychodrama, Reminiscence and Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy of Ellis on Happiness of Elderly Men
Nayereh Mardi Mukhtar Arefi Khodamorad Momeni Hassan Amiri

Purpose: Regarded to the increasing number of the elderly and the importance of happiness in them, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of psychodrama, reminiscence and rational emotive behavioral therapy of Ellis on the happiness More

Purpose: Regarded to the increasing number of the elderly and the importance of happiness in them, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of psychodrama, reminiscence and rational emotive behavioral therapy of Ellis on the happiness of elderly men. Methodology: This research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was an elderly men of home elderly in Kermanshah city in 2019 year. The sample research was 40 people who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly were assigned to four equal groups (three experimental groups and one control group). The first experimental group received 12 one-hour sessions of psychodrama education, the second experimental group received 10 one-and-a-half-hour sessions of reminiscence education, the third experimental group received 8 one-and-a-half-hour sessions of rational emotive behavioral therapy and control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected with using a mini-mental state examination and the Oxford happiness inventory and analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance and LSD post hoc test in SPSS software. Findings: The results indicated that the all three intervention methods of psychodrama, reminiscence and rational emotive behavioral therapy of Ellis in compared to the control group led to increase the happiness score of elderly men and the effectiveness of psychodrama method was higher than rational emotive behavioral therapy (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods of psychodrama and reminiscence and the two methods of reminiscence and rational emotive behavioral therapy on increasing happiness (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, therapists and health professionals can use all three methods, especially the psychodrama method to increase the happiness of elderly men. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - هانسبری نمایش نامه نویسی جهانی یا نمایش نامه نویسی محلی: تحلیل "نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین" در پرتو دیدگاه های راجر دی. آبراهامز
Maryam Jalali Farahani

10.30495/rpcl.2023.701091

برخی از منتقدان، لورین هانسبری، نمایش‌نامه‌نویس زن آفریقایی آمریکایی را به دلیل نوشتن «نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین» به عنوان نمایش‌نامه‌نویسی جهانی ستوده اند و برخی دیگر او را به خیانت به ادبیات آفریقایی آمریکایی و اجدادش متهم کردند. این مطالعه با به‌کارگی More

برخی از منتقدان، لورین هانسبری، نمایش‌نامه‌نویس زن آفریقایی آمریکایی را به دلیل نوشتن «نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین» به عنوان نمایش‌نامه‌نویسی جهانی ستوده اند و برخی دیگر او را به خیانت به ادبیات آفریقایی آمریکایی و اجدادش متهم کردند. این مطالعه با به‌کارگیری مفهوم "دلالت"، ارائه شده توسط راجر دیوید آبراهامز، فولکلوریست آمریکایی در این نمایش‌نامه، نشان می‌دهد که هانسبری به مشارکت خود در ادبیات آفریقایی آمریکایی و پسا استعماری ادامه داده است. اما این بار با گسترش تمرکز خود بر ظلم و ستم و به طور کلی افراد ستمدیده در کل جهان به این مهم پرداخته است. مفهوم "دلالت" آبراهامز مطرح شده و مواضع و نمونه‌هایی از آن در نمایش‌نامه کشف شده است. این مقاله نتیجه می‌گیرد که لورین هانسبری نه تنها به عنوان یک نمایش‌نامه‌نویس آمریکایی آفریقایی تبار، بلکه به عنوان یک نویسنده جهانی با نوشتن "نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین" به شهرت خود می‌رسد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - pshodrama
shahla ghasemi fariba yazdkhasti hamidreza arizi

Effectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent Ghasemi RahmatAbadi, SH., Yazdikhsasti, F., Orayzi, HM Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Psychodrama o More

Effectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent Ghasemi RahmatAbadi, SH., Yazdikhsasti, F., Orayzi, HM Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems in young girls with single parent. The statistical population of this study were all of high school girls with single parent in Isfahan city. Among this population 30 students were selected by convenience sampling and assigned randomly in one experimental (n=15) and one control (n=15) group. 10 weekly sessions of Psychodrama were administrated for experimental group, but the control was received no intervention. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. The results showed that Psychodrama reduced the rate of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems. Based on the results of this study, Psychodrama can be considered as an effective intervention for improvement of the intensity of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent. Keywords: Psychodrama, early maladaptive schemas, behavioral-emotional problems Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The effect of the implementation of the curriculum with the use of storytelling and drama (creative) and creativity learning elementary school fourth grade students in Tehran District 5
manizheh zakryabi maryam seif ali ahariatmadari ezatallah nadri

In this research the effect of using story – telling and creative – drama on the creativity of girl students at fourth – grade primary school is studied and other purpose is to give suggestions to the managers and specialists of education. Semi- experi More

In this research the effect of using story – telling and creative – drama on the creativity of girl students at fourth – grade primary school is studied and other purpose is to give suggestions to the managers and specialists of education. Semi- experimental method with the control group and pretest – post test is used. Statistical population of the study were girl student at fourth – grade primary school in 5 area of Tehran city in 86-87 school year, who were 4153. The sample of research was fourth – grade girl students at “Shohada school” in Cheshmeh city – town, who were 63. 32 of them were experimental group, and 31 were observed group. Information collecting instrument was Torrance creativity Test (form A). For comparing the scores of both group, T. Test is used, pre-test and post-test. Findings show that using story – telling and creative - drama in curriculum had some effects on the creativity of primary – school’s students Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Research in historiography Bayhaqī Author profile
auoob mansuri

In this article we tried to say : the Beihaghi history,beyond the colloquial sense about the history book,in fact is an expressive moral,social and literary book, and in addition to having the features of reports,newspaper and film composing, it is like a historical sto More

In this article we tried to say : the Beihaghi history,beyond the colloquial sense about the history book,in fact is an expressive moral,social and literary book, and in addition to having the features of reports,newspaper and film composing, it is like a historical story and its a history of another kind. This article is ful of rhetoric and is a mirror of Beihaghi period. The Beihaghis excellent and quasi-cinematic descriptions is a place for contemplation. One of the most efficient and dramatic descriptions in Beihaghi history appears on «the gallows of Hasanak.» Beihaghi is awar of his moral duty,and his work is like an ethical book and his language is a courteous language,he does not use of discourteous words and makes decorous and trim sentences,the length and width he has given to his work, has broken the narrow frame of history and led his work to the realm of literature and novels. Beihaghi, with ambition,assiduity and patience in observing and recording the details and displaying the events and characterization and writing the dialogues and creating a sense of suspense in the audience, could write the first Persian historical novel with most central element ,namely characterization. Manuscript profile

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35 - An anthropological analysis of folklore aspects in the first book of Heydar Baba incomparison to second part of the book
Arash Mushim Mozaffareddin Shahbazi

The current research is an answer to the fundamental question about "the changes in the core, social-cultural essence, the text and the content of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology. The current research is a type of non-contemporary or historical study More

The current research is an answer to the fundamental question about "the changes in the core, social-cultural essence, the text and the content of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology. The current research is a type of non-contemporary or historical study which makes a comparison between the first and the second chapters of the anthology from an anthropological perspective, utilizing documentary method and content analysis. In this article, the aspects of the folklore culture in the first and the second chapters of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology are compared from an anthropological perspective. The theoretical framework which is used in this research consists of Kardiner's theory of "culture and personality", Turner's theory of "Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology" and Freud's "personality approach". In general the content of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology has a nostalgic setting, which is the result of the poet's long estrangement from his birthplace. In the first anthology in the images that the poet represents, childhood dynamic and happiness is clearly visible. In contrast, from the 45th stanza of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology the mood of the poem gradually inclines towards senescence and advice like tone. This condition becomes more predominant in the second anthology; also in the first anthology the elements of folklore culture are more ample and abundant than the second anthology. Objection and demurral of the poet in the first anthology is mostly affected by the nature's cruelty (aging and death of human beings) contrasting with the fact that in the second anthology of HeydarBabayeh Salam this objection shifts to modernism, the norms and the predominant values of that time. In this research the quality of the changes in the values and norms in two anthologies of HeydarBabayeh Salam has been specially analyzed within four stage process of Turner's social drama. Manuscript profile

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36 - The Effect of Creative Drama on Studentsʼ Social Adjustment, Moral Judgment and Creativity
Shahram mami Kamran Amirian

This study aimed to determine the effect of the creative Drama on social adjustment, moral judgment and creativity of female students in the fourth grade of primary school in Ilam. A quasi experimental design was employed with pre test, post test and control group. The More

This study aimed to determine the effect of the creative Drama on social adjustment, moral judgment and creativity of female students in the fourth grade of primary school in Ilam. A quasi experimental design was employed with pre test, post test and control group. The sampling was done through convinient sampling procedure in which the primary school teachers were asked to introduce those students they belived to be less skillful in terms of social adjustment, moral judgment and creativity. Then, 60 students who scored the lowest in the Califonia test of Personality (Clark, thrope & Typz, 1953), moral Judgment test (Dorgandn Sinha & Miravarma, 1998), and creativity attitude scale (schafer) were randomly assigned to one experimental and one control group. The experimental groups participated in 10 sessions of creative drama. The results of the ANCOVA revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group. It was concluded that creative drama had a significant effect on the social adjustment, moral judgment and creativity of fourth-grade primary school female students Manuscript profile

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37 - The Analysis of Feminine Style in The Bride a Play Written by Faridah Farjam
farzaneh heidari

This study focuses on feminine style which is noticed by researchers regarding the increasing number of female writers in the contemporary era. The names of Robin Lakoff and Sarah Mills are distinguished among the theorists of this field, due to the presentation of prac More

This study focuses on feminine style which is noticed by researchers regarding the increasing number of female writers in the contemporary era. The names of Robin Lakoff and Sarah Mills are distinguished among the theorists of this field, due to the presentation of practical models. Lakoff enumerates some features of feminine language emphasizing the linguistic differences between men and women, and Mills considers three levels of vocabulary, sentences and discourse in the linguistic analysis of feminine works. The methodology of the current research is discourse analysis based on the integration of Lakoff and Mills' theories on four levels: 1. lexical 2. syntactic 3. rhetorical 4. Discourse. The purpose of the study is to find the characteristics of feminine style in The Bride written by Faridah Farjam who was the first Iranian female playwriter. The findings of the research indicate that the author used feminine linguistics in vocabulary, syntax, and rhetoric at the discourse level, to challenge male culture and assert women’s rights, and develop their personality and awareness. Also, the influence of the author’s gender on the tone of the text is another component for confirming the theoretical models. Manuscript profile

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38 - Analysis of Translation Strategies Employed in Awards-winning Subtitled Dramas
Behnam Rezvani Sichani Muhammad Amiryousefi Zahra Amirian

Manuscript profile

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39 - The effect of demographic variables on dramatic collective behaviors in the context of Corona virus "Study of Bushehr"
Ali moradi Sina Mansoori Gholamreza Jafarinia

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method is a survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The statistical popu More

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method is a survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The statistical population is all residents over 15 years of age in Bushehr city (197,864 people) in 1400. To determine the sample size, 384 people were selected from random cluster sampling. To collect data from a researcher-made questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used to check the content validity of the questionnaire from the point of view of professors and its reliability, which was calculated as 0.79 for the entire questionnaire. One-sample t-tests, Friedman's test and analysis of variance were also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the real average of the amount of show collective behavior for the respondents is equal to 195.11, which is higher than the average (174). In the ranking of the average dimensions of the collective performance variable, the dimension of social fashion has the first priority with an average rating of 6.28. Based on the results of the variables of gender, marital status, educational status and the type of residential house of people, they have a significant effect on the dramatic collective behavior. Based on the results of married people, women, people with low education and people who live in private homes, they are more affected by the dramatic collective behavior. Manuscript profile

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40 - A sociological study of the formation of dramatic collective behaviors in the context of people's lived experience of the corona virus:The Case study of Kermanshah
Ali moradi Mahdi Amjadian

The aim of this study was to study the sociological formation of Dramatic collective behaviors in the context of people's lived experience of corona virus. In addition to the risks to physical health due to the specific nature and characteristics of the disease, de More

The aim of this study was to study the sociological formation of Dramatic collective behaviors in the context of people's lived experience of corona virus. In addition to the risks to physical health due to the specific nature and characteristics of the disease, developing the new and unknown disease of Covid 19 also leads to difficult and different social and psychological experiences. In addition to physical symptoms, patients have various social and psychological reactions that can act as an obstacle in the process of disease progression and increase their suffering during the disease. Methods: This research has been done with a qualitative method and with Max Kiuda 2020 software and interpretive phenomenological approach. The sampling method was purposeful in Kermanshah in 1399. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Participants in this study were citizens of Kermanshah who naturally experienced living in home quarantine. The research data reached theoretical saturation by interviewing 20 people. All data were recorded and handwritten and analyzed using the Van Manen Phenomenology approach and Max Kiuda software. Findings: From data analysis, four main themes include; Growth of negative emotions, confusion and pessimism, growth of obsessive-compulsive disorder around the body and washing, mental worries about endangering family health, economic worries and fear of getting rid of the corona were achieved. Conclusion: Citizens' experiences of living in home quarantine were very unique due to the outbreak of Corona virus. Therefore, understanding their complexities, experiences, Manuscript profile

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41 - The effects of demographic variables on dramatic collective behaviors in the context of Corona virus (case of Study: city of Bushehr)
Sina Mansoori Ali Moradi Gholamreza Jafarinia

10.30495/uss.2023.703053

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method was  survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The research p More

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method was  survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The research population consisted of all residents over 15 years of age in Bushehr city (197,864 people) in 1400. To determine the sample size, 384 people were selected through random cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by consulting experts and its reliability was calculated as 0.79 via Cronbach's alpha. One-sample t-tests, Friedman's test and analysis of variance were also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the real average of the amount of collective behavior for the respondents was equal to 195.11, which was higher than the average (174). In the ranking of the average dimensions of the collective performance variable, the dimension of social fashion has the first priority with an average rating of 6.28. The variables of gender, marital status, educational status and the type of residential house of people had a significant effect on dramatic collective behavior. Married people, women, people with low education and people who live in private homes were more affected by the dramatic collective behavior.         Manuscript profile

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42 - A sociological study of the formation of dramatic collective behaviors in the context of people's lived experience of corona virus (Case of study: the city of Kermanshah)
Mahdi Amjadian Ali Moradi

10.30495/uss.2021.686810

The aim of this study was to do a sociological study of the formation of dramatic collective behaviors in the context of people's lived experience of corona virus. The main question was how the corona virus can affect the formation of collective behaviors? And how does More

The aim of this study was to do a sociological study of the formation of dramatic collective behaviors in the context of people's lived experience of corona virus. The main question was how the corona virus can affect the formation of collective behaviors? And how does the lived experience of people with the coronavirus create dramatic (terrified) communities? In addition to physical symptoms, patients have various social and psychological reactions that can act as an obstacle in the process of disease progression and increase their suffering during the disease.  The research population consisted of the rezidents of Kermanshah city and 20 of them were chosen through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The research findings were analyzed using Max qda software. Four main themes emerged from data analysis: growth of negative emotions, confusion and pessimism, growth of obsessive-compulsive disorder around the body and washing, mental worries about endangering family health, economic worries and fear of getting rid of the corona. It was concluded that rezidents' experiences of living in home quarantine were very unique due to the outbreak of Corona virus. Therefore, understanding their complexities, experiences, beliefs, and attitudes about living in home quarantine can lead to a comprehensive understanding of the psychological consequences of staying in home quarantine for executive decision makers, health care personnel, and mental health professionals. Put. Manuscript profile

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43 - A Feminist Reading of Patriarchy in Bahram Beyzai’s Selected Plays
raziyeh shayanmehr ali dehghan naser dashtpeyma

Feminists believe that in a male-dominated society men are in authority over women. According to Feminists, the causes of women’s subversion in the patriarchal society are men’s access to power structures, the unequal distribution of social privileges and in More

Feminists believe that in a male-dominated society men are in authority over women. According to Feminists, the causes of women’s subversion in the patriarchal society are men’s access to power structures, the unequal distribution of social privileges and inappropriate relations between men and women. Patriarchy is a notable issue in literary texts. Bahram Beyzaie is one of authors. He writes plays, and one of the main issues of his plays is gender inequality and differences in women and men’s roles. The purpose of this paper is to explore the position of female characters in the patriarchal world of Bahram Beyzai’s  "The Death of Akbar and Her One Thousand and One Nights" plays have been explored through a descriptive- analytical approach. This study shows that abuse of women, alienation from women, suppression of self-esteem, security and identity challenges, otherness, etc., are signs and factors of patriarchy. Manuscript profile

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44 - Sports dramatic effect on social development of fifth grade female students in Isfahan
Hossein Aflaki Fard leila naeini davrini

The objective of this study show the impact of games on social development of female students was fifth grade. This study applied a method using a semi-experimental with pre-past test ,control group and test conducted., 30 students as a sample , and were distributed sel More

The objective of this study show the impact of games on social development of female students was fifth grade. This study applied a method using a semi-experimental with pre-past test ,control group and test conducted., 30 students as a sample , and were distributed self-esteem questionnaire for children and Weiland questionnaire, for both parents. Test group in 8 sessions doing of dramatic games .Data collected were analyzed using SPSS software test and analysis of covariance, the result of such that was F equal to 643/25 has the freedom grade (1 and 27) at the level of 001/0has meaning and because of this amount of less than 05/0, we conclude that the experimental and control groups have the different social development. In other words, the game show a significant impact on students' social development. Manuscript profile

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45 - تاثیر دانش پیش زمینه ای مترجم بر کیفیت ترجمه
مریم رادفر

10.30495/ttlt.2022.1961426.2142

به خوبی ثابت شده است که دانش، تأثیرات قوی بر درک متن و حافظه دارد. مطالعات کمی در مورد نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای بر کیفیت ترجمه وجود دارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای در کیفیت ترجمه نمایشنامه است. برای این منظور، ترجمه های ادبی دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گ More

به خوبی ثابت شده است که دانش، تأثیرات قوی بر درک متن و حافظه دارد. مطالعات کمی در مورد نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای بر کیفیت ترجمه وجود دارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای در کیفیت ترجمه نمایشنامه است. برای این منظور، ترجمه های ادبی دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. در پژوهش حاضر یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل وجود داشت. شرکت کنندگان در هر دو گروه 60 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه فردوسی بودند. از شرکت کنندگان در هر دو گروه یک پیش آزمون گرفته شد. پیش آزمون کیفیت ترجمه را بررسی کرد. بر اساس مدل ارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه فرحزاد (فرحزاد، 1992)، کیفیت ترجمه ها بررسی شد. سپس دانشجویان گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش ویژه قرار گرفتند (فرحزاد، 1992). آنها دانش پیش زمینه ای خوبی از نمایشنامه دشمن مردم بر اساس مدل دانش پیش زمینه ای استرنگمن و هال به دست آوردند (Strangman et al., 2009). آنها نمایشنامه را مطالعه کردند و جنبه های مختلف آن را تحلیل کردند. اما دانشجویان گروه کنترل دانش پیش زمینه ای خود را در مورد متن مبدا بهبود ندادند. آنها هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. پس از پایان آموزش، از دو گروه پس آزمون گرفته شد و از آنها خواسته شد تا متن استخراج شده از نمایشنامه را ترجمه کنند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که دسترسی به اطلاعات پیش زمینه ای و دانش موضوعی بر کیفیت ترجمه تأثیر دارد. Manuscript profile

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46 - بررسی مشکلات عناصر و ویژگی های ترجمه نمایشنامه
Saiedeh Goodarzi Seyed Nezamaddin Moeinzadeh

10.30495/ttlt.2022.696793

پژوهش حاضر با هدف یافتن مشکلات اصلی در ترجمه عناصر نمایشنامه انجام شده است. همچنین این تحقیق به بررسی میزان قابل ترجمه بودن عناصر نمایشنامه پرداخته و مشکل سازترین عناصر در فرآیند ترجمه در این تحقیق برجسته شده است. این تحقیق از نوع کیفی است که بر چهار عنصر درام متمرکز اس More

پژوهش حاضر با هدف یافتن مشکلات اصلی در ترجمه عناصر نمایشنامه انجام شده است. همچنین این تحقیق به بررسی میزان قابل ترجمه بودن عناصر نمایشنامه پرداخته و مشکل سازترین عناصر در فرآیند ترجمه در این تحقیق برجسته شده است. این تحقیق از نوع کیفی است که بر چهار عنصر درام متمرکز است که شامل طرح ، موضوع ، تعارض و شخصیت پردازی است. داده های جمع آوری شده برای این تحقیق شامل اثر آرتور میلر "مرگ یک فروشنده" و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط نوریان بوده است. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج بطور کامل بحث و ارائه شدند. اگرچه مترجم سعی در یافتن معادل های مناسب برای نزدیک تر شدن به زبان مقصد داشته است، اما عناصر طرح و تعارض که با ویژگی های فرهنگ مرتبط هستند به نوعی غیرقابل ترجمه هستند و درک عمق داستان ممکن است برای مخاطبان دشوار باشد. با توجه به قابل ترجمه بودن ترجمه انتخاب شده، یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که بیشتر عناصر نمایشنامه قابل ترجمه هستند و مترجم ترجمه قابل قبولی را برای نمایشنامه ارائه داده است. Manuscript profile

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47 - DRAMA TRANSLATION from PAGE to STAGE
Mohammad Shahba Alireza Ameri Razieh Laal

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48 - The Efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioral Group Therapy and Psychodrama in Modifying Emotional Expression Styles
Mehdi Zāre Abdollah Shafiabadi Hassan Pasha Sharifi Shokoh Navabinejad

The present study compared the effectiveness of rational-emotive benavioral group therapy (REBT) and psychodrama in altering emotional expression styles. 36 clients were assigned to the experiment (REBT and Psychodrama) groups and control group. Group members were evalu More

The present study compared the effectiveness of rational-emotive benavioral group therapy (REBT) and psychodrama in altering emotional expression styles. 36 clients were assigned to the experiment (REBT and Psychodrama) groups and control group. Group members were evaluated before and after 12 group counseling sessions using the Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (King & Emmons, 1990), Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King & Emmons, 1990), and the Emotion Control Questionnaire (Roger & Najarian, 1989). The results showed that both methods of rational emotive behavioral group therapy and Psychodrama increased emotional expressiveness and decreased inhibition and emotional ambivalence in clients. However, psychodrama was more effective than REBT in increasing emotional expressiveness. Manuscript profile

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49 - Effectiveness of drama therapy in reducing loneliness and social dissatisfacion
Asieh Anari

The effectiveness of drama therapy in reducing loneliness and social dissatisfaction among children was investigated. An elementary school in Tehran, Iran, was randomly selected and the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (LSCD; Cassidy & Asher, 1992 More

The effectiveness of drama therapy in reducing loneliness and social dissatisfaction among children was investigated. An elementary school in Tehran, Iran, was randomly selected and the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (LSCD; Cassidy & Asher, 1992) was administered to fourth and fifth graders (N = 104). Among those who completed the questionnaire, eight children receiving the highest scores on the LSDQ were selected as the sample. For six weeks, the sample group received twice per week two hour sessions of drama therapy. LSDQ was administered again after sessions of four, eight, and twelve. Results of repeated measures analysis showed that loneliness and social dissatisfaction scores had significantly decreased by the end of the intervention period. The implications of findings in prevention and treatment of loneliness and social dissatisfaction in children are discussed. Manuscript profile

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50 - Social anxiety disorders and drama-therapy
Parirokh Dadsetan Asieh Anari Bahram Saleh Sedghpour

This study investigated the effectiveness of dramatherapy in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder - including performance anxiety, performance avoidance, social anxiety, and social avoidance. 220 children (10-11 years old), enrolled in two elementary schools More

This study investigated the effectiveness of dramatherapy in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder - including performance anxiety, performance avoidance, social anxiety, and social avoidance. 220 children (10-11 years old), enrolled in two elementary schools in Tehran, completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA; Masia-Warner, Klein, & Liebowitz, 2003). 32 children receiving the highest scores on the LSAS-CA were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental (N = 16) and a control group (N = 16). For six weeks, the experimental group received two 2-hour sessions of drama-therapy. The control group received none. The results showed a significant reduction of the symptoms among children in the experimental group as compared to the control group. A three-month followup replicated the findings. Clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of social anxiety disorders among children are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Effectiveness of Psychodrama Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Aggression among Adolescents
Ehsan Taherzadeh Mahdi Purrezaian

The aim of this study was to determine Effectiveness of Psychodrama Therapy on Emotion Regulation and the Level of      Aggression amongAdolescents. The method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups with pre-test-post-test a More

The aim of this study was to determine Effectiveness of Psychodrama Therapy on Emotion Regulation and the Level of      Aggression amongAdolescents. The method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups with pre-test-post-test and follow-up. The study population wasall male students in Mohr city, employed in secondary school in the academic year of 95-96. 25 subjects were screened and selected using the Aggression Questionnaire and clinical interview  and 13 subjects were located in the experimental group and 12 subjects were located in control group. The experimental group received 10 sessions of Psychodrama therapy and the follow-up stage was performed one month after the treatment intervention. Subjects responded to the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992) and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) before and after treatment and in the follow-up stage. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, Findings showed that psychodrama therapy has a significant effect on improving emotional regulation and reducing adolescent aggression and this effect has remained steady in the follow-up phase. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that psychodrama therapy can be used as an efficient method to improving emotion regulation and increase anger and aggression in  the adolescents through employing techniques such as confrontation, showingfeelings, emotional refinement and role playing. Manuscript profile

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52 - The Effectiveness of Interactive Group Therapy and Psychodrama on Identity Orientation in Adolescent Girls with Psychological Distress
Nikta Boroomandian Nurallah Mohammadi Changiz Rahimi Taghanaki

e aim of this study was toevaluate the effectiveness of group therapy based on two methods of interaction and psychodrama on identity orientation in adolescent girls with psychological distress. study design was experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control gr More

e aim of this study was toevaluate the effectiveness of group therapy based on two methods of interaction and psychodrama on identity orientation in adolescent girls with psychological distress. study design was experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group. 33 girls (aged 14-16) with psychological distress were selected by purposive sampling method in the academic year 2016-2017 and randomly divided into three equal groups. Interventions were 10 sessions of 2-hour group therapy based on interaction and psychodrama. Then Kessler psychological Distress scale (Kessler et al, 2002) and Identity Orientation Questionnaire (Cheek & Briggs, 2003) were administered.ANCOVA and MANCOVA analysis of covariance showed that group therapy based on interaction and psychodrama is effective on reducing psychological distress in adolescents. Results also showed psychodrama was effective on personal identity orientation and interaction group therapy was effective on social identity orientation. Finally, the results indicate the necessity for paying attention to the identity orientation, and preventive and therapeutic actions to improve the psychological health of adolescents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - The Effect of Creative Drama on Social Development of Preschoolers
Seyyed Nabiollah Ghasemtabar Khalil Alahvirdiyani Mohsen Hajitabar Hiva Mohammadjani Farzad Khosravi

The effectiveness of creative drama on social development of preschoolers was studied. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 30 children (16 girls and 14 boys) aged 5 to 6 years old were selected from Tehran preschools and randomly divided into an experimental (n=1 More

The effectiveness of creative drama on social development of preschoolers was studied. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 30 children (16 girls and 14 boys) aged 5 to 6 years old were selected from Tehran preschools and randomly divided into an experimental (n=15) and a control group (n=15). During a period of five weeks the experimental group participated in two one-hour weekly sessions of creative drama activities. Using Winelend Social Growth Scale (Wineland, 1984), the social development scores of two groups were assessed as pretest, posttest and follow-up (after two months). Covariance analysis of data showed that creative drama significantly increased social development of preschoolers. Furthermore, t test results revealed the effect of intervention did not last until the follow-up stage. The findings discuss how creative drama activities affect the social development of preschoolers. Manuscript profile

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54 - A Study of the manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi’s Works with respect to Gérard Genette's Theory of Hypertextuality
elahe feizimoghadam Mohammad Aref Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh

The purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which More

The purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which concentrates on inspiration, derivation and effectiveness of the hypotext on the hypertext. Besides, this theory includes two basic types, imitation and transformation. Metamorphosis is considered as one of the most remarkable elements in myths, folk tales, and legends. Based on this process, unexpected and gradual changes demonstrate themselves in the appearance and sometimes in the conscience of the creatures and they transform from one form to another while displaying different performances. Moreover, sometimes they can appear in the combined structure of humans, animals, plants, and objects. Literature is the origin of presence of these manifestations and they have had mutual effects on each other over the time. The mutual impressiveness and effectiveness provide an opportunity to study them with respect to the theory of hypertextuality especially by considering contemporary literatute as the target resources which fewer researchers have focused on it. The results of the study demonstrate that the manifestations of the metamorphosis exist in thirteen stories, one novel, six plays, and three screenplays written by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi. In this article, based on the descriptive-analytical method, these manifestations were classified and determined in three different groups and then they were studied based on a qualitative content analysis. At the end, impressiveness of these manifistations in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works from ancient literature and folk tales has been studied according to the hypertextuality theoretical framework. The results represent that Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi sometimes has used these manifestations with direct and indirect influence of ancient and religious narratives and folk tales (hypotext) in his works (hypertext), however, in most of the time, he has used his creativity and imagination to make these manifestations in favor of progress of the story. Manuscript profile

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55 - A Comparative Study of the Most Important Elements of the Play in the Poetry of Badr Shaker Assyab and Nima Youshij
Forough  Elahi

AbstractDrama or play is a Greek word which means state, action, and incident which only reminded Greek plays, but nowadays it is not exclusive to a theater but its elements and traits such as dialog, character, incident, struggle ….. and has also appeared in oth More

AbstractDrama or play is a Greek word which means state, action, and incident which only reminded Greek plays, but nowadays it is not exclusive to a theater but its elements and traits such as dialog, character, incident, struggle ….. and has also appeared in other arts and is considered one of the best methods of expression in the contemporary Arabic and Farsi poetry.In the mean time, Badr Shaker Assyab and Nima youshij, having passed of the ancient structure and theme, have entered the dramatic elements in the field of poetry. Freedom from restrictions of rhyme, rhythm, a variety of poetical meters in prosody, extensive use of myth, symbol and their ability in creating new images and tendency to realism led to the opening of new chapter in the innovation of these two well-known Persian and Iraki poets. The present research has been done in descriptive – analytic method based on the comparative literature of American style and has dealt with the most important dramatic of conflict, incidence, dialog, characterization in the above mentioned poets. The results indicate that the dramatic poems of these two poets are in the category of exquisite plays which have been composed to give pleasure to the readers, not for being performed on the stage. Both poets were successful in the conscious  usage of the most significant dramatic elements in their poetry. However, the important distinction is that Nima had more declamatory approach to Syab in composing such poetry. Manuscript profile

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56 - The Genre and Aesthetic Essence in Drama and Screen Play
Abbas Baghi Nezhad

Abstract Both drama and screen play can be deemed either as literary genres or artistic types. Due to their linguistic structures as well as the linguistic capacity and rhetorical artifice implemented in the content by writers, drama and screen play are categorized as More

Abstract Both drama and screen play can be deemed either as literary genres or artistic types. Due to their linguistic structures as well as the linguistic capacity and rhetorical artifice implemented in the content by writers, drama and screen play are categorized as literary types in a fashion that both of them are regarded as a literary genre and a type of prose. In effect, it is the textual dramatic capacity, dramatic diction, and the rendering of the dramatic words into objective symbols and emblems that delineate the discrepancy between works of drama and screen play and other literary genres. Although drama and screen play do not have a long history in Iran, they have gained such a stature that a great deal of contemporary competent writers have been dealing with writing them. Accordingly, despite their dramatic and artistic affiliation with the realm of theater and cinema, these literary genres, together with their specific styles of writing, maintain a highly significant status in contemporary Iranian literature. This study surveys the background of drama and screen writing in Iran in order to investigate analytically the essence of these two literary genres. Correspondingly, the confluence, similarities and dissimilarities between these two genres and other types of art and literature have been explored. Manuscript profile

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57 - A pattern in the geometry of tragedy with reference to theTragedy of Siavash in Shahnameh
M.N Bazargan

Aristotle made exact generalizations regarding the art of poetry, its different kinds, and the expected objects of each.  Despite the variety of views in this discipline, this subject is of permanent value as a mere intellectual achievement. One of the issues he ha More

Aristotle made exact generalizations regarding the art of poetry, its different kinds, and the expected objects of each.  Despite the variety of views in this discipline, this subject is of permanent value as a mere intellectual achievement. One of the issues he has expouned on with great care and concentration is that of tragedy.  In his view, tragedy occurs in an atmosphere filled with emotions of pity and fear leading to purgation of emotion or Catharsis.  In this article, other features of tragedy with reference to the tragedy of Siavash in Shahnameh are discussed.  Then the tripartite pattern repeated in many well known tragedies in the world is introduced, and finally the conclusion drawn from the common structure in the geometry of the tragedies is further discussed. Manuscript profile

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58 - The study of the dramatic aspects of folk literature with emphasis on the story of Amir Arsalan Namdar
Atefeh Nourpisheh Ghadimi

The story of Amir Arsalan Namdar is a nightly storytelling in the chamber of Nasereddin Shah Ghajar which was told by the narrator of his court, Naghib al-Mamalek and then was written down by the pen of Shah’s daughter.  Despite the aristocratic ambience of i More

The story of Amir Arsalan Namdar is a nightly storytelling in the chamber of Nasereddin Shah Ghajar which was told by the narrator of his court, Naghib al-Mamalek and then was written down by the pen of Shah’s daughter.  Despite the aristocratic ambience of its origin it was rapidly turned into the most popular and admired Persian folk tales.  Unfortunately such works precisely due to being folkloric have never been truly analyzed in terms of literary and dramatic aspects.  However in this article first the European equivalent of this genre of literature namely romance is dealt with, then certain theories of Northrop Fry, the great literary critic regarding the structure of such stories are presented, and finally the main story of Amir Arsalan is told and its outstanding dramatic points and theatrical potentialities are analyzed.     Manuscript profile

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59 - Artistic innovations in RobaiyatMoulana
Kavous Hassan Lee Shahin Haghighi

Robai is awell known genrein Persian poetry which many Persian poets namely Jalal al-Din Mowlana has adapted so many times.  Moulana has been the center of attention by many literary scholars with his two outstanding works that is to say Masnavi and Ghazaliat Shams More

Robai is awell known genrein Persian poetry which many Persian poets namely Jalal al-Din Mowlana has adapted so many times.  Moulana has been the center of attention by many literary scholars with his two outstanding works that is to say Masnavi and Ghazaliat Shams.  Nevertheless the world of his Robaiyat likewise is filled with poetic experiences and artistic innovations which must not be overlooked.  However, the literary credit of Robaiyat is overshadowed by the above illuminating works.  This article points to certain artistic motivations, and literary innovations in RobaiyatMoulana.  The reference for this study has been Kolliyate Shams Tabrizi provided by TowfiqSobhani published in 1381 by Ghatreh publications.  This work contains 1983 robai. Manuscript profile

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60 - The Yatkar-I- Zariran, the Golden bough of Iranian merits
Maryam Khadem

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its wri More

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its writing, rhythm in pahlavi Poetry, discovery of Emile Benveniste regarding this work, dramatic techniques, the appearance of the work in other references, paying special attention to their similarities and differences, Daghighi and Memoirs of Zarir, and finally the translations made so far of this work is pointed out. Manuscript profile

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61 - Rahi, Nightingale in the Rose garden of poetics
Abulfath Dariush Sabour Mahnaz Bayat

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its wri More

This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed:  the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its writing, rhythm in pahlavi Poetry, discovery of Emile Benveniste regarding this work, dramatic techniques, the appearance of the work in other references, paying special attention to their similarities and differences, Daghighi and Memoirs of Zarir, and finally the translations made so far of this work is pointed out. Manuscript profile

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