List of Articles Collar

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  1 - Evaluation of histopathological lesions leading to death in pink-collar parrots with neophobia
  P. Mohamamdzadeh, F. Najafi,
  10.30495/jcp.2022.20935
  Many animals have a fear of novelty, which is known as neophobia. In the wild, avoiding new predators, meals, items, and places has an impact on life history and how animals adapt to new situations. However, because of the bird's anatomical structure, tolerance level, a More

  Many animals have a fear of novelty, which is known as neophobia. In the wild, avoiding new predators, meals, items, and places has an impact on life history and how animals adapt to new situations. However, because of the bird's anatomical structure, tolerance level, and physiology, this fear can occasionally cause irreparable harm and even death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological lesions leading to death in pink- collar parrots with neophobia. Necropsy was done and peripheral blood was obtained from the femoral vein and heart after a pink-collar parrot died suddenly. In addition, toxicological and biochemistry samples of bile, vitreous fluid, cerebral fluid, pericardial fluid, stomach contents, feathers, and samples of particular tissues (liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle) were taken. Pathological examinations of heart, lung, and brain tissues were also performed. It was clear that the right atrium had ruptured. The number of aortic cysts and the origin of the coronary artery had altered, indicating that cardiac arrest was more likely. Regurgitation, thickening or torsion of the cheeks' margins, rupture, perforation, calcification, fusion, or alterations in valve flushing were all visible problems in cardiac valves. The Papillary Muscles and the Corda Tendina had changed. Sudden death occurs at the end of a chain of events that leads to cardiac arrest; these events are commonly ventricular fibrillation (VF) or, less frequently, severe bradyarrhythmia. Manuscript profile
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  2 - New records of Cryptinae Kirby, 1837 and Ichneumoninae Latreille, 1802 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) for Iran
  F. Firuzi Jahantighi H. Barahoei R. Vafaei-Shoushtari E. Rakhshani
  Five species of Ichneumonidae are recorded from Sistan and Baluchestan province includingCryptus inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758), Dichrogaster saharator (Aubert, 1964) and Stilpnus gagates (Gravenhorst, 1807) from the subfamily Cryptinae and Cratichneumon sp. and Thyraeella More

  Five species of Ichneumonidae are recorded from Sistan and Baluchestan province includingCryptus inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758), Dichrogaster saharator (Aubert, 1964) and Stilpnus gagates (Gravenhorst, 1807) from the subfamily Cryptinae and Cratichneumon sp. and Thyraeella collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829) from the subfamily Ichneumoninae. S. gagates and T. collaris species noted here, are reported for the first time from Iran. Both species are representing the first record of two respective genera. Morphological characters of two newly recorded species are briefly described along with brief diagnostic comments and discussion about their distribution. Manuscript profile
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  3 - بررسی عددی تاثیر طوقه و صفحات مستغرق همسطح با بستر جریان بر کاهش
  جمال عامری ابراهیم نوحانی
  پل‌ها یکی از مهمترین سازه‌های رودخانه‌ای هستند. مهمترین عامل تخریب پل‌ها، آبشستگی اطراف پایه‌های پل می‌باشد. همه ساله پل‌های زیادی در سراسر جهان بدلیل در نظرنگرفتن نقش عوامل هیدرولیکی تخریب می‌شوند. در این تحقیق به بررسی عددی تاثیر توام طوق و صفحات مستغرق بر کاهش عمق آب More

  پل‌ها یکی از مهمترین سازه‌های رودخانه‌ای هستند. مهمترین عامل تخریب پل‌ها، آبشستگی اطراف پایه‌های پل می‌باشد. همه ساله پل‌های زیادی در سراسر جهان بدلیل در نظرنگرفتن نقش عوامل هیدرولیکی تخریب می‌شوند. در این تحقیق به بررسی عددی تاثیر توام طوق و صفحات مستغرق بر کاهش عمق آبشستگی پایه‌های پل پرداخته می‌شود. بدین منظور 18 آزمایش با دبی‌های متفاوت و طول صفحات مستغرق مختلف و محل قرارگیری صفحات مماس با بستر با استفاده از نرم افزار FLOW3D مورد ارزیابی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج شبیه‌سازی با نرم افزار Flow3D نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش فرود جریان ا آبشستگی فزایش خواهد یافت.  به طور کلی با قرار دادن همزمان طوق و صفحات مستغرق عمق آبشستگی کاهش پیدا می‌کند. Manuscript profile
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  4 - کنترل آب‌شستگی موضعی توسط طوقه‌های متقارن و نامتقارن در اطراف پایه پل در قوس رودخانه‌ها
  پریسیما عباسی علیرضا مسجدی محمد حیدرنژاد
  وقوع آب­شستگی در اطراف پایه های پل یکی از عمده ترین دلایل تخریب پل­ها است. یکی از روش­های کاهش آب­شستگی اطراف پایه­های پل نصب طوقه محافظ بر روی پایه است.برای این منظور جهت بررسی اثر طوقه یک سری آزمایش در یک فلوم آزمایشگاهی با قوس180 درجه و شعاع مرکزی More

  وقوع آب­شستگی در اطراف پایه های پل یکی از عمده ترین دلایل تخریب پل­ها است. یکی از روش­های کاهش آب­شستگی اطراف پایه­های پل نصب طوقه محافظ بر روی پایه است.برای این منظور جهت بررسی اثر طوقه یک سری آزمایش در یک فلوم آزمایشگاهی با قوس180 درجه و شعاع مرکزی  8/2 متر و عرض 6/0 متر با 67/4 = R/B از جنس پلاکسی گلاس انجام پذیرفت. در این تحقیق با قرار دادن یک پایه به قطر 5 سانتی­متر به همراه طوقه­های مختلف به طول نسبی در بالا دست و پایین دست 4/0 ، 6/0، 8/0 و 1 در موقعیت 70 درجه  قوس با دبی ثابت 16 لیتر بر ثانیه و عمق ثابت 12 سانتی­متر پدیده آب­شستگی حول پایه در حالت آب زلال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای مصالح کف فلوم از ماسه طبیعی با دانه بندی یکنواخت با Dm=2 mm  و ضریب یکنواختی 8/1 استفاده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با افزایش طول نسبی طوقه در بالا دست و پایین دست میزان آب­شستگی موضعی در اطراف پایه به طور ملاحظه­ای کاهش می­یابد و همچنین بیشترین و کمترین درصد کاهش در عمق آب­شستگی در اطراف طوقه با طول نسبی بالا دست و پایین دست به ترتیب 68 و 12 بدست آمده است. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The effect of Denai thyme essential oil, fustil aluminum and mancozeb-metalaxyl on the induction of cucumber plant defense system in interaction with cucumber ring rot disease caused by Phytophthora sp.
  Javad Mahboobi Fuladi Jalal Gholamnezhad Naser Mohammadi
  Growing of cucumbers in the form of a greenhouse in Iran has expanded a lot in recent years. In this study, the effect of Denai thyme essential oil and two fungicides, fustil aluminum and metalaxyl-mancozeb, were studied for greenhouse cucumber plant dieback disease cau More

  Growing of cucumbers in the form of a greenhouse in Iran has expanded a lot in recent years. In this study, the effect of Denai thyme essential oil and two fungicides, fustil aluminum and metalaxyl-mancozeb, were studied for greenhouse cucumber plant dieback disease caused by Phytophthora pseudofungus. In the greenhouse test, the effects of the mentioned treatments on the activity of peroxidase, catalase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes in cucumber plants infected by Phytophthora sp. was contaminated, it was measured. The results of the effect of different treatments on the defense mechanisms of the cucumber plant showed that the highest activity of the three enzymes peroxidase, catalase and also the enzyme phenylalanine ammonialyase was related to the treatment of the infected cucumber plant treated with a concentration of 150 ppm fustil aluminum fungicide, which was on the sixth day after Contamination with the pathogen, the activity of the peroxidase enzyme reached ΔOD/Min/mg protein of 1.95. The trend of the activity of all three enzymes was increasing until the sixth day and then decreasing, so that on the tenth day after infecting cucumbers with the pathogen, the activity of this enzyme decreased in fustil aluminum treatment and reached 29/ΔOD/Min/mg protein. 1 receipt. The treatment using Fustil aluminum fungicide on all the days of sampling compared to all other treatments had a significant difference in terms of enzyme activity level. On all sampling days, enzyme activity in metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment was significantly higher than control. On the 10th day after sampling, the activity level of all three enzymes decreases in all treatments compared to the 8th day, but the process of enzyme activity in different treatments is the same as the rest of the days. In other words, all the treatments are able to increase the activity of this enzyme compared to the control, but more importantly, this enzyme is also affected by the days of sampling. The results showed that Danai thyme was able to induce defense enzymes against the pathogen on all sampling days. In other words, the essential oil of this plant can affect the defense mechanisms of the plant along with the chemical inducers, and in this way, reduce the damage caused by pathogens to the plant. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Women and White-Collar Criminals: Comparison of Pink-Collar and White-Collar Crimes in the Law of Iran and Norway
  Maryam Kamaei Salameh Abolhasani Naghme Farhod
  10.30495/jcld.2023.1971975.1025
  White-collar crimes are crimes that are mainly committed by people from the high social and economic class. Katie Daly popularized the term "pink collar". This term refers to the white-collar crimes that women committed in their workplaces. The importance of white-colla More

  White-collar crimes are crimes that are mainly committed by people from the high social and economic class. Katie Daly popularized the term "pink collar". This term refers to the white-collar crimes that women committed in their workplaces. The importance of white-collar crimes and pink-collar crimes and its wide range of impact on the basic dimensions of a society is non-negligible; for this reason, serious effort and strict planning is necessary in supervising the behavior of perpetrators of such crimes and their punishments. This research considers the gender status in white-collar crimes in Iran and Norway; that the occurrence of the white-collar crimes is gender neutral or includes a special gender; so the difference between men and women in terms of the nature of white-collar crimes and their roles in these crimes are examined. The findings of research suggest that the occurrence of white-collar crimes in Norway and Iran are similar to each other and this hypothesis that gender segregation in society and workplace is the cause of white-collar crimes is questionable. As a result, gender inequality is not the origin of the gender gap in white-collar crimes, as far as it is related to access to the labor market and other resources. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Collar and Gap Performance Analysis on Reduce Scour at Bridge Piers by SSIIM Software
  Kouros Nekoufar Farshid Pooladi Mehrnaz Roozbahani
  The erosion of the substrate and the carrying of the material is called scouring. Due to the fact that one of the most important reasons for the destruction of the bridges, especially in flood situations, is the local scouring around the bridge, the determination of the More

  The erosion of the substrate and the carrying of the material is called scouring. Due to the fact that one of the most important reasons for the destruction of the bridges, especially in flood situations, is the local scouring around the bridge, the determination of the local scour depth near the bridges is very important. An important role in designing bridges is in the face of this destructive phenomenon. For this reason, it is important to provide methods to control and reduce this phenomenon. Using SSIIM software, which is a time-consuming three-dimensional software, scour and scrubbing are checked using collar and splitter. It was found that simultaneous use of collar and gap has a significant effect on reducing the scour depth and the results of numerical modeling show a difference of 20-25% with the results of the experimental model. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Biological Inhibition of Thuja Collar and Root Rot Using Some Antagonistic Bacteria
  Shoaib Ghadimi Hadi Rahanandeh
  Root and collar rot of Thuja caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important diseases in Thuja cultivation. In this research, the effect of eight bacterial strains of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezen More

  Root and collar rot of Thuja caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important diseases in Thuja cultivation. In this research, the effect of eight bacterial strains of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Pseudomonas flurescens, Pseudomonas koreensi and Pseudomonas putida in controlling this disease was investigated in the laboratory. Among them, based on the dual culture test and observation of the inhibition zone, B. velezensis and B. subtilis had the highest inhibition with 9.33% and 5.6%, respectively. In the study of the effectiveness of non-simultaneous antifungal volatile compounds, P. flurescens had the highest inhibition with 58.33%. The simultaneous volatile compounds of P. koreensi, P. flurescens, B. pumilus, and B. megaterium completely controlled the disease agent. In the study of the effect of filtered extracellular liquid metabolites on the growth of the pathogen colony, it was observed that with the increase in the concentration of the metabolites, the inhibition percentage of the growth of the pathogen colony by all bacterial strains increases. The best strains against F. oxysporum were B. velezensis, B. subtilis, and B. pumilus strains, which in 25% concentration were 50, 72.27 and 86.67%, respectively, and in 15% concentration B. pumilus strain was 66. 75% and B. velezensis strain with 46.66% inhibition, and at 5% concentration, B. pumilus strain with 44% inhibited the growth of the fungal colony. In the protease production test, all isolates were able to produce protease. Only P. fluorescent strain was able to produce a siderophore. In the microscopic studies, all the investigated strains caused morphological changes, fusion of different parts of the filaments, and destruction. Manuscript profile
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  9 - The Status of Reproduction of the Collared Dove, Streptopelia decaocto in Haft-Tappeh and Miyan-Ab Agriculture Complex in Khouzestan Province of Iran
  رضا کریم پور بهروز بهروزی راد سید مهدی امینی نسب سید مسعود حسینی موسوی
  The collared dove,Streptopelia decaocto belongs to family Columbidae, and is one of the most common species in Khouzestan Province. This study was carried out from April 8th 2011 to Jun 24th 2011. Reproductive behavior of Collared Dove, Streptopelia decaocto started at More

  The collared dove,Streptopelia decaocto belongs to family Columbidae, and is one of the most common species in Khouzestan Province. This study was carried out from April 8th 2011 to Jun 24th 2011. Reproductive behavior of Collared Dove, Streptopelia decaocto started at April 27th with observation of egg laying behavior and finished at Jun 24th with flight of last fledging. During the study period 19 nests of Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) were surveyed. Breeding success was 46.48% was calculated. Breeding rate in the hatching,Nestling and Post-Nestling stages were calculated 60.52%, 42.10% and 36.84% respectively. There was significant difference between mortality in various stages (Pandlt;0.05). According to the Mann Whitney U test results, there was significant difference between the success in touched and untouched nests (Pandlt;0.05). Two Most important factors that decrease the success rate were predatory and climatic turmoil respectively that cause to eggs destroying and this occurrence happened in the start of reproductive season. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Antifungal activity of some plant extracts on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of tobacco collar rot
  Afshin Sajjadi Gholamreza Moradi1 Farhad Naghizadeh Zeinolabedin Shahadati Moghaddam Faramarz Rostami Mohammad Akbarzadeh Hoda Assemi Mohammadreza Najjafi
  Fungal soilborne pathogens of tobacco are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The managment of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished using chemical pesticides, crop rotation, resistant varieties, More

  Fungal soilborne pathogens of tobacco are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The managment of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished using chemical pesticides, crop rotation, resistant varieties, biological control, plant extracts and oils, etc. Application of plant extracts is preferable for management of this disease because chemical pesticides are expensive and pollute the environment. In order to evaluate in vitro inhibitory effects of some medicinal plant extracts on growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of tobacco collar rot, and selection a suitable extract solvent,  an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with five replications in Tirtash Research and Education Center laboratory in 2012. Factors were crude extracts at nine levels (extracts of nine plant species), solvent at five levels (water, acetone, hexzan, ethanol and methanol) and cocentration at three levels (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extract was determined by agar diffusion method. Results indicated remarkable antifungal activity of crude extracts of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, hyssop and badrashbi on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Methanol was the best solvent to extract antifungal compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of tobacco, catmint, thyme, fennel, badrashbi and hyssop were equal to 1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 3, and 2.5 mg.ml-1, respectively. Manuscript profile