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Open Access Article
1 - History of the Development of Jurisprudence in Second Caliph Era from the Perspective of Legal Anthropology: Legitimacy of Hajj al-Tamattu’
Hamidreza Azarinia Ihsan BahramlouAlthough the beginning of the formation of jurisprudence schools in the early second century is officially reported in the history of Islam, but the development of different jurisprudential tendencies is rooted in the diverse religious life of the Companions and tabi&rs MoreAlthough the beginning of the formation of jurisprudence schools in the early second century is officially reported in the history of Islam, but the development of different jurisprudential tendencies is rooted in the diverse religious life of the Companions and tabi’in in the first century. Islamic jurisprudence and law in the first century had a cultural nature and was woven into everyday life. Also, the development of Islamic law was accompanied by tension and social conflict within the Muslim society. Finally, these tensions formed a range of jurisprudence schools with different logics and legal structures. Therefore, the anthropological-cognitive analysis of the bio-jurisprudence of the Companions and followers to understand the differences between the jurisprudence schools of the second century is the problem of this study. The achievement of this article is the differentiation of jurisprudential-legal agencies of early Islam. In this article, by separating the network of legal activists, two legal agencies with different ideals and worldviews and distinct values were identified. The primitive jurisprudential system represented the ruling culture of the peninsula and was built by combining Islamic values for the benefit of the ruling values of the society. The prophetic system was also derived from holy revelation and prophetic sanctity. With the approach of legal anthropology in the era of the second caliph, the authors have examined the issue of Mut’ah-Hajj from the perspective of the aforementioned two agencies and have shown the fundamental difference between the sources and their jurisprudential-leg l logic. Both prophetic and primitive agency continued to exist in the first century and at the beginning of the second century they had a direct effect on the formation of the five schools of jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Cultural Anthropology, a Mean for Analyzing Forming Factors of Architecture
Shadi Azizi Alireza Delpazir Parisa MoghaddamPost modernism period in architecture, is the period of joining several fields to architecture and having a diverse perspective of it. One of the fields which were mentioned in this joining with architecture, is the cultural anthropology approach toward architecture. Ba MorePost modernism period in architecture, is the period of joining several fields to architecture and having a diverse perspective of it. One of the fields which were mentioned in this joining with architecture, is the cultural anthropology approach toward architecture. Basically, cultural aspect of the architecture is depended on this definition that, culture is the human-built part of the environment. In one state, culture itself is derived from the human’s humanly act and his ecosystem, which in the next state, forms the social behavior and his physical environment. The result of such prospect of the culture, formed an approach called architectural anthropology in 1970’s. This propounded issues in this field such as how culture of different nations and groups of people can form different architectures? And today how can we consciously create an interaction between culture and architecture by realizing this point. Later on, achievement of this scientific branch in architecture created the “architecture without architect” approach by Bernard Rudofsky , and also expanded researches in world’s authentic universities .This resulted into formation of encyclopedias in the field of connection between culture and architecture. In our country, it seems necessary to analyze the cultural anthropology of Iranian architecture for three necessary aspects. Firstly, Iran is one of the worlds few countries which its history of civilization goes back several thousand years before B.C. It has rich architecture and culture which worth analyzing. Secondly, is that until now, basic researches on relations of architecture and culture has been very limited. This causes the lack of cultural richness in architectural designs. Finally, in today’s globalization issue, only countries with cultural representations and figures in their architecture can be in connection with whole world in cultural and economical field. Because of points mentioned above, firstly this paper is about to answer this question, from the cultural anthropology aspect of architecture, what kind of relation does culture have with architecture and its formation. At first, the aim of this paper is to achieve a model for analyzing the relation between culture and architecture from the cultural anthropology aspect until now. Second, this paper uses this model in the context of Iranian culture and architecture to analyze the relation of nature and the architecture of Iranian houses and its cultural aspects. At this part, this paper is about to answer this question, was the use of nature and natural elements in Iranian houses only an answer to climate or it’s something above this and has origins in Iranian culture. The researching method used in this paper is qualitative and descriptive. The results shows that cultural anthropology, identifies cultural factors as basic factors of forming architecture and also provides a context to analyze different social-cultural variables together. The example of this point can be seen in the relation of architecture and nature in Iranian house, in which nature firstly was an answer to cultural demands of people. In other words, culture was a determining factor and climate was the effective factor in formation of Iranian houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An Anthropological Study of Folk Plays and Games with Focus on Fooman Town in Gilan Province
Fakhredin Ahmadi Yaghoub Sharbatian -
Open Access Article
4 - Anthropological Study of Folk Music in Gilan Province in Iran (Instrumental Music)
Yaghoub Sharbatian John S. Gaikwad -
Open Access Article
5 - Family Structure and Kinship System of Tribes and Nomads with Emphasis on Qashqai Tribe of Fars (Anthropological Attitude)
Vahid Rashidvash -
Open Access Article
6 - An Anthropological Study of Folklore in Gilan Province with a focus on Lullabies
Fariba Mireskandari Yaghoub Sharbatian -
Open Access Article
7 - Anthropology of Rural Tourism (Case of Study: Masoule Village)
John S. Gaikwad Yaghoub Sharbatian Habibollah Karimian -
Open Access Article
8 - The Mullasadra’s Anthropology’s Principle Based on Textual Analyses of His Ontological Theories
Hajar Zare Mohammad Saeedi Mehr Seeyed Sadradin Taheriwisdom two approaches can be adopted: investigating the ontological problems of anthropology of following up ontological principle that used in anthropology. This according to the second approach by expressing the principles of Sadra’s anthropology. That is to say Morewisdom two approaches can be adopted: investigating the ontological problems of anthropology of following up ontological principle that used in anthropology. This according to the second approach by expressing the principles of Sadra’s anthropology. That is to say: soul definition, soul creation, soul eternity, soul spiritual, the relationship between the soul and the body, the connection between soul and the ability and the perfection. Tries to explaining the role of the principles of ontology that is defined in Sadra’s anthropology. The definition of the soul and the related subjects based on originality of existence, degrees of existence, and the motion of substance, relation of the existence and substance and is point to the identity of the existence. The function of the soul creation is based on the motion of substance and originality of existence. In Sadra’s books eternity explained on relation of the existence and substance, the motion of substance and originality of existence. While the eternity is not incompatible by creation of soul too. The acceptance of mediator between the material and spiritual cosmos, make it possible that the aspect of immaterial and impossibility and the creation of an immaterial subject and physical place. And prepares the field of the soul’s imaginary, spiritual and immaterial. The relationship between soul and body and soul and ability based on the motion of substance and originality of existence, degrees of existence, unity of existence, function and power explained. The soul’s perfection based on function and power and the motion of substance has been defined. If wisdom system can explains own the principles of anthropology without originality of existence, actually, that can express the ontology likes transcendental wisdom of Mullasadra Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparison between the Viewpoints of Émile Durkheim and Clifford Geertz on Religion (with Emphasis on Their Approaches)
رستم شامحمدی فاطمه پاسالاری بهجانیReligion, as an important pillar of human life, has been studied fromdifferent perspectives, e.g. sociological, anthropological and etc. In thisrespect, the thoughts and viewpoints of great classic sociologists suchas August Comet, Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim and H MoreReligion, as an important pillar of human life, has been studied fromdifferent perspectives, e.g. sociological, anthropological and etc. In thisrespect, the thoughts and viewpoints of great classic sociologists suchas August Comet, Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim and Herbert Spencerand also other scholars such as Clifford Geertz (the great contemporaryanthropologist) were curial elements in forming and developing thereligious sociology and anthropology. The present paper tries toanalyze the viewpoints of Émile Durkheim and Clifford Geertz onreligion. So we firstly deal with the definition of religion and its originand function and finally we compare their views on these subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Anthropology of Religion and Religious Symbols according to Clifford Geertz
جواد فیروزیScholars who have been studying religion since 19th century attachgreat importance to the study of "primitive religions". In search of theessence and the origin of religion, "primitive religions" were thenceforce mostly studied under a subject called "anthropology" and MoreScholars who have been studying religion since 19th century attachgreat importance to the study of "primitive religions". In search of theessence and the origin of religion, "primitive religions" were thenceforce mostly studied under a subject called "anthropology" and then"anthropology of religion". But later, in the second half of 20th centurythe discipline underwent a sea change and studied religion throughsymbols. The main concern of this article is to introduce this branch ofresearch and the way it defines and looks at religion. Geertz is one ofthe most competent figures in this field and in this article his opinionabout religious symbols and rituals in Indonesia and Morocco is goingto be introduced. By hermeneutical approach he states that the greattask of an anthropologist of religion is thick description of symbolswhich are being practiced in religious rituals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Mystical Anthropology in the Jewish Tradition with Emphasis on the Zohar
mojdeh shariatmadari Tahereh Hajebrahimi Fatemeh LajevardiThe principle that man is in the image of God is the basis of the teachings of Jewish scholars about the existence of mankind. From this phrase of Torah, it is understood that the man is virtuous for all the creatures of the world, and it shows that it is the highest po MoreThe principle that man is in the image of God is the basis of the teachings of Jewish scholars about the existence of mankind. From this phrase of Torah, it is understood that the man is virtuous for all the creatures of the world, and it shows that it is the highest point in the creation of creatures. Therefore, the subject of mankind and the path of his creation, his existential dimensions and his position in the system of being have always been the subject of interest by Jewish scholars and scholars in the field of Judaism. Among these, Zohar that considered to be the most important literary-mystical work of the Middle Ages, its main theme is the representation of man and divine realities. This work, as an interpretation of the five books of the Torah, is somewhat inaccessible and silent to us, as it deserves to be a work of esoteric wisdom. In this research, it has been attempted to explain the aspects of human cognition in the Jewish tradition as the background and foundations of Jewish anthropology, and to investigate the Kabbalah as the main tradition of Jewish mysticism in expressing the views of the Jewish mystical anthropology, provide the views of the Zohar from human beings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Moving toward Desirable School from Motahari's View Point by citing Holy Quran Verses
Leila Mirzaei Saeed Beheshti Mohsen Imani NaeeiniThe present research is done with the aim of introducing desirable school pattern based on anthropological analysis by Motahari's and by citing Holy Quran Verses. The research type is applied – fundamental and method is analytical – consequential and the dat MoreThe present research is done with the aim of introducing desirable school pattern based on anthropological analysis by Motahari's and by citing Holy Quran Verses. The research type is applied – fundamental and method is analytical – consequential and the data gathering is with librarian method by taking notes. The findings show that Motahari knows the talents as the excellence. It would be followed by researchers who attempt to prepare a pattern for desirable school by considering Holy Quran Verses and Motahari's principles of anthropology. The desirable school is the one who educated humanity principles in the digital world; soft skills are not computer and digital skills. The scientific level in the mentioned school does not express its capability and proficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Study on Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, in Small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies
Shamseddin AzizPour Darounkala Hamed Khani Ibrahim FallahThe present article studies the written and compiled works in rich Iranian Islamic culture in«الفروق الصغیر فی منع الترادف» “small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies” by citing Quran’s Verses. Today all around the Islamic w MoreThe present article studies the written and compiled works in rich Iranian Islamic culture in«الفروق الصغیر فی منع الترادف» “small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies” by citing Quran’s Verses. Today all around the Islamic world – especially in Iran – valuable and important attempts have done to revive, correct and accomplish this precious heritage. The article studies and surveys various aspects of small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies book as well as Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī’s character and his ancient and famous heritage. The other aim of the research is to recognize his critical and educational methods. The applied method is researching – analytical by citing rich and valid scientific sources specifically Holy Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Freedom and Human Rights from the perspective of Seyyed Ahmed Fardid Seyed Hossein Nasr
MohammaJjavad Sadipour Ali Darabi Ali MortazavianFardid, having invented and expanded the concept of westernization and split it into two types of non-double and double that are subject to the old and new, has had a great impact on the intellectual society of Iran. Freddie sees the Renaissance as the beginning of doub MoreFardid, having invented and expanded the concept of westernization and split it into two types of non-double and double that are subject to the old and new, has had a great impact on the intellectual society of Iran. Freddie sees the Renaissance as the beginning of double-harboring, because the domination of the subject matter or the originality of subjectivism is the result of evolutionism. Nazrine challenges the discourse of traditionalism or wisdom, the self-centered humanist subject that underlies modernity. The Nazarene is a modernist state with a Renaissance and a religious reformation centered on humanism against the Sunnah. In fact, two different philosophical views of humanism, with the definitions of human beings, are the heart of the anthropological way of thinking. These two, with their particular intellectual and philosophical system, seek the critique of Western modernity, and through this the central axis of modernity, which is humanism or self-founded subject, The focus on the views of these two philosophers on the face of modernity in terms of philosophical anthropology and the analogy of texts such as freedom and human rights as two modern concepts; against mystical definitions such as freedom of the heart and humanity with the sole of human freedom and responsibility In the face of God, instead of human rights It will. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - An Elaboration on the Anthropological Grounds for Maximum Involvement of the Administration in Education with a Focus on Plato’s and Farabi’s Views
Ali Ali‐Hosseini Mahmood Fallah Fahimeh QaemiAmong miscellaneous views on the relationship between people and the state, there are some that believe the state must control the relations between the& MoreAmong miscellaneous views on the relationship between people and the state, there are some that believe the state must control the relations between the human and the soul with an educational purpose to bring about prosperity for human beings; a belief, which was developed by Plato in ancient Greek and was explicated and moderated by Farabi on the grounds he set for its development in Islamic thought. In proposing their political views, Plato and Farabi considered education as an essential concept and thought of the state as obliged to make it come true without any limitation. However, of the important questions that are posed to investigate those views is how the human and his needs and abilities are pictured, on the basis of which requirements are taken into account and justified in the form of politico‐educational views to reach perfection. Apparently, that picture shows lack of sureness about humans’ ability to elevate themselves and inequalities among them in using or taking advantage of reason. The purpose of picturing the human being from the standpoint of the thinkers that believe in the involvement of the state in education with a focus on anthropological understanding of the leading pioneers of that view, i.e. Plato and Farabi, is to gain a better appreciation of their politico‐educational measures. A comparative elaboration on the anthropological standpoints of those thinkers and their impact on their politico‐educational views will follow a short introduction to Plato’s and Farabi’s political thoughts and educational prescriptions. This paper will show that the belief in inequality of human beings in using their reason and sensual faculty, distrust in nature and different levels of educability of human beings will necessitate their guidance or control that will result in extremist views on the correction and purification of the human being if followed meticulously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Anthropology and Characterization of Personality in Sa'adi Golestan Fables
Ebrahim zaheri abdevand Parastoo karimiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the subject of portraiture and portraiture in Golestan anecdotes using a descriptive-analytic method. On the anthropological point of view, Saadi has put forward and critiqued various philosophical, mystical, romantic and edu MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the subject of portraiture and portraiture in Golestan anecdotes using a descriptive-analytic method. On the anthropological point of view, Saadi has put forward and critiqued various philosophical, mystical, romantic and educational views. Saadi believes that one cannot always judge the intrinsic attributes of a person through physical appearance or judge them only on the basis of a masked face, because human personality becomes complicated by education. That is simply not recognizable. For him, anthropology or frost means understanding one's personality through nonverbal actions or communication. In terms of portraiture, in the Golestan anecdotes, the characters have three physical, overlapping, and psychological figures, each of which is valued in a significant way. Extravagant and physical portrayal represent the social and cultural status of the characters and how they are valued, and are portrayed within the characters through psychological portrayal. In terms of function and transmission of the theme, Saadi indirectly reveals the characters' personalities to the reader through actions such as standing, competing, empowering and demanding, and arousing their hatred or admiration by creating emotional connection. The order, in turn, has guided their thinking about the subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Study of Cultural Anthropology Concepts in M. Moaddabpour’s Roxana
Elham Esmailzadeh kamran pashaie fakhry parvaneh adelzadehCultural anthropology, a sub-branch of anthropological studies, prevents beliefs and customs to be forgotten. Folklore is a set of knowledge, beliefs and rituals inherited from generations past and includes customs, fables, legends and styles of clothing. Moaddabpour is MoreCultural anthropology, a sub-branch of anthropological studies, prevents beliefs and customs to be forgotten. Folklore is a set of knowledge, beliefs and rituals inherited from generations past and includes customs, fables, legends and styles of clothing. Moaddabpour is one of the contemporary writers who has tried to collect the common people folklore through maintaining it in his writings. This research is an attempt to study the different aspects of public culture and folklore as presented in Moaddabpour’s Roxana. The present research revealed that, nowadays development of technology and its increasing effects have caused great changes in some aspects of the culture, such as people’s speaking styles and negligence of some folkloric customs. Then, anthropologists and authors try to save the folklore and public culture in their societies through maintaining them in their works. The novels of Moaddabpour, as the narrator of people’s real living, include abundantly current beliefs and customs among common people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - An Anthropology study of Tourist Attractions in Gilan Province villages
Yaghoub Sharbatian -
Open Access Article
19 - Analyzing Fars Province Tourist Attractions from Anthropology Perspective
Yaghoub Sharbatian Roya Bagheri -
Open Access Article
20 - Anthropological Study of Tourism Attractions in Mahdishahr and Its Role in Sustainable Development (Compared to India)
Yaghoub Sharbatian Naghmeh Beydaghifar -
Open Access Article
21 - Analyzing Kurdish music and Dancing from the viewpoint of anthropology and its Effect on Attracting Tourists
Yaghoub Sharbatian Roya Bagheri -
Open Access Article
22 - Anthropological study of the cultural-social structure of Kalhor tribe of Kermanshah and tourist attractions of the study area
Nahid Jalilian Yaghoub Sharbatian -
Open Access Article
23 - An alysis of the allegorical characters of Shahnameh from the perspective of Ferdowsi anthropological discourse
Rudabeh Musavi Thorolah norouzi davoodkhani Alimohammad Moazeni Nasrollah Zirak GoushlavandaniFerdowsi's Shahnameh is a hypertext that depicts the identity of Iranian-Islamic man from pre-Islamic to the fifth century in an allegorical way. In processing the characters of Shahnameh stories, Ferdowsi consciously introduces two types of characters, good and evil, b MoreFerdowsi's Shahnameh is a hypertext that depicts the identity of Iranian-Islamic man from pre-Islamic to the fifth century in an allegorical way. In processing the characters of Shahnameh stories, Ferdowsi consciously introduces two types of characters, good and evil, based on the discourses of the period. Each of the characters can be allegorically represented as a Scheme of negative and positive figures that have emerged due to class worldviews and power relations. Rostam and Afrasiab, as representatives of two groups of characters, due to the change in the literary type of the text and Ferdowsi's discourse with these characters, show an allegory of good and bad human components. Using allegory, Ferdowsi gives an allegorical form to some of the characters of Shahnameh and considers each of them as an allegory of one or more concepts, such as Rostam, Zahak, etc., each of which is an allegory of different concepts such as good and evil. Love, wisdom, religion, wisdom, etc. are other concepts that Ferdowsi, with an allegorical look, depicts his content and thoughts in order to manifest his anthropological thought Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Cultural Analysis on Motifs of Tombstones of Golestan Province Cemeteries with Anthropology of Art Approach
Fatemeh Raghimi MohammadAli Khabari Mohammad ArefAmong the truly prominent components of ritual arts, one can point to tombstones, whose engraved motifs reflect the locals’ ideology, culture, and worldview, providing a wide lens through which we can see the personality of the deceased and the social, economic, and cul MoreAmong the truly prominent components of ritual arts, one can point to tombstones, whose engraved motifs reflect the locals’ ideology, culture, and worldview, providing a wide lens through which we can see the personality of the deceased and the social, economic, and cultural status of the related groups or nationalities. This article aims to analyze the motifs engraved on the tombstones of Habibollah Shrine (Bandar-e-Gaz, Golestan province) from a cultural point of view, considering that society is their creator. For this purpose, among the 10 cemeteries of Golestan province that were studied, the Habibollah Imamzadeh Cemetery in Bandar-e-Gaz was selected as a case study due to the number of gravestones and variety of motifs. This article tries to answer the following question: How can the semantic, aesthetic, and functional characteristics of these gravestone motifs be discovered through the Anthropology of Art approach based on findings on local culture? The research method is descriptive-analytical, with field observations and library studies conducted for data collection. Among the findings, one highlights the interpretation of three important dimensions of the motifs: semantic, aesthetic, and functional. Based on the cultural study, these motifs represent customs, beliefs, and various levels of society's culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A Comparative Study on Anthropology from Viewpoint of Aziz Al-din Nasafi and Ancient Wisdom of Iran
Hassan Saeidi Safarali GhadiriAnthropology is an essential issue in the field ofhuman knowledge that different schools dealt with from different angles. The aim of this essay is to do a comparative study on this issue from the viewpoint of Nasafi and Zoroaster. This study is made by analytic method MoreAnthropology is an essential issue in the field ofhuman knowledge that different schools dealt with from different angles. The aim of this essay is to do a comparative study on this issue from the viewpoint of Nasafi and Zoroaster. This study is made by analytic method and by a reference to library sources. During the process of this study, by relying on Nasafi's and Zoroaster's works, we have come to realize that both sides of comparison have similarities, for instance, in the following issues: human being is created by God and has some aspects including spirit, soul, wisdom, and physical ones. Human being is a creature that has voluntary and volitional faculty. Good and evil are the result of his selection. Knowledge and action are constructor ofhis essence. Human being has a special capacity that other creatures do not have, and because of this existential capacity, he is the representative and divine caliph and the aid of creator (as Zoroaster says) in the world. Human being is the flower of the creation, and for this reality, the control and leadership of other creatures is given to him On the other hand, the writers reached some differences that result in distinction between two kinds of anthropology, for instance, there is no idea of instinct in the thoughts of Zoroaster, but in that of Nasafi’s,it clearly exists. In addition, the issue that to what extentis human knowledge concerning the origin of existence and how is it possible, and that can human being get to the core of the knowledge about the creator? Is what Nasafi clearly denies this kind of knowledge, whereas Zoroaster has nothing to say and keeps silent about it. Also, Nasafi looks at human behavior as a subject of religious law, and in his viewpoint, being bound over religious law is necessary in the stages of mystical journey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Mystical Anthropology in Sahifah Sajjadyyah and its Impact on Mystics
Mahmoodreza Esfandiar Vahid MahmoudiAnthropology is one of the most important aspects of understanding a school. In Islam, anthropology has a special status. There are many verses in the Holy Quran that are about human. Moreover there are a lot of prayers and Hadiths that, following the Holy Quran, bear i MoreAnthropology is one of the most important aspects of understanding a school. In Islam, anthropology has a special status. There are many verses in the Holy Quran that are about human. Moreover there are a lot of prayers and Hadiths that, following the Holy Quran, bear important anthropological information. One of the relevant sources is Sahifa Sajjadiya that states delicate and deep issues about man, his existential levels and features, his natural potentialities and weaknesses. Mystics, in the light of this knowledge have discussed anthropological subjects in their works. The study of their ideas in this regard reveals the impact of the teaching of Ahlolbait (bput), especially Sahifa Sajjadiya, on the mystics and Sufis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Semantic Study of the Mafateh Alghaib (Unseen Keys) and its Instructive Role through a Mystical Approach
Hamidreza Khademi Vahid MahmoudiMafateh alghaib is the Quranic word, derived from verse 59 of Surah al-Anam. The commentators, philosophers and mystics have discussed the meaning and interpretation of it, and this article deals with this subject through a mystical approach. The views of the mystics ab MoreMafateh alghaib is the Quranic word, derived from verse 59 of Surah al-Anam. The commentators, philosophers and mystics have discussed the meaning and interpretation of it, and this article deals with this subject through a mystical approach. The views of the mystics about the keys-the treasure of the unseen can be divided into two periods, before and after Ibn Arabi. In the period before Ibn Arabi, epistemological and anthropological explanations of the unseen keys are more prominent, and then with the advent of al-Ghazali, the ontological approach to the unseen keys begins, so that he interprets it as the Knowledge of causes. Therefore, al-Ghazali knows only the attribute of Knowledge as Mafateh alghaib. But with Roozbehan Baqli, this approach becomes more mature and detailed. He introduces all the eternal attributes as the keys of the unseen. With the advent of Ibn Arabi, the ontological approach reaches to acme. In the post-Ibn Arabi period, the ontological approach prevails and the keys of the unseen are interpreted as intrinsic Names, levels of existence and mystery of destiny. There are two kinds of views about the possibility of knowledge to Mafateh Alghaib; Some consider it impossible even for the Prophets and Angels, And believe the knowledge of it is in the monopoly of God; And some have also known it for the prophets and the saints, and even some of them have translated Mafateh Alghaib to Shiite Imams (PBUH). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Anthropological Study Of Feminine Narratives From The Imposed War Era.
Minoo SalimiThe purpose of this study was to discuss a narrative of lived experience of the war that shaped and represented the women life experiences. Women who had been involved in some kind of war or have lived directly in it. The present study was intended to study the anthropo MoreThe purpose of this study was to discuss a narrative of lived experience of the war that shaped and represented the women life experiences. Women who had been involved in some kind of war or have lived directly in it. The present study was intended to study the anthropology of female narratives from the imposed war period. The method of this study was field study (participatory observation, facts documentation and narrative interview). The research conducted in-depth interviews with fifty women in Sarpo-le-Zahab and Ghasreshirin in Kermanshah province who had lived and experienced the imposed war so that women's verbal narratives could be integrated to ultimately represent the women's narrative imposed war. Research findings showed that war had negative effects on the lives of women and posed them as one of the main victims of the war. The lived experience of the women after the war, in contrast to the war itself, which was enclosed and terminated at a particular time and place, was extended over time and place and formed a link between the past, the present and the future, and make changes in their lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Review the Anthropology Concepts of Language in Story of “Roxana”
Elham Esmailzadeh Kamran Pashaie fakhri Parvaneh AdelzadehThe language is a regular system which has different functions in the society and enables the human to justify his/her interests, beliefs and perceptions with symbols. The language are applied by people who are of the members of society with it’s specific culture MoreThe language is a regular system which has different functions in the society and enables the human to justify his/her interests, beliefs and perceptions with symbols. The language are applied by people who are of the members of society with it’s specific culture and tend to be different in ways of language application from each other. The total problems related to relation of language with society and culture are reviewed in a new and major branch, i.e “anthropology of language” which originated from descriptive and historical anthropology and linquistics. In the present research, it was tried to review the categories which set in anthropology field which was utilized by Moadeepoor in writhing of Roxana story are reviewed. The present research indicates that, in writhing of this story, the taboo words and relational terminology has been utilized unequally because of colloquial tune of writer in dialogue and not used social accents which, diagram also confirms this matters. The taboo words in this story has been used in two situations of nervous and aggression and humorous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A Psychological Meta-Analysis of the Form-Function Relation in Architectural Design Process from the Perspective of Creativity
Hossein Rezaei Ghazal Keramati Mozayan Dehbashi SharifContext: Architecture is an impressive event in human life with the nature that returns to the design process in any way, and therefore, the significant role of creativity is inevitable in its various aspects. Generally, the design is a motivated effort to satisfy human MoreContext: Architecture is an impressive event in human life with the nature that returns to the design process in any way, and therefore, the significant role of creativity is inevitable in its various aspects. Generally, the design is a motivated effort to satisfy human needs, which focuses on two main principles, form and function, on huge scale view in architecture. Thus, the relation between them is the matter always considered due to the architectural essence. Accordingly, it is important to pay attention to the prominent role of architectural creativity in recognizing and redefining this fundamental connectivity. Objective: the main aim of the present research is investigating the quiddity of the form-function relation and identifying its affecting factors based on a recognizing approach to the existence levels of human as the main user of architecture, focusing on the niche of creativity. Method: This research was conducted with a descriptive method and subsequently a qualitative content analysis equipped with a comparative-interpretative approach to identify key variables involved in related theories. Furthermore, we tried to make adequate and redefine this relationship between these concepts with logical reasoning and critical thinking. Since the analytical scrutiny of our research is developed based on the previous theoreticians’ analytical processes, it could be considered as a qualitative meta-analysis study focuses on the related anthropological dimensions. Conclusion: According to the content unity of concepts design and creativity, particularly in art and architecture, it seems to be logical that apply the concept of creativity to explain the form-function relation comprehensively. Finally, a conceptual model and associated manifest were presented that covers all of the studied theories. Explaining that the form is created on the basis of various human demands and makes possible to satisfy the basic and higher needs of mankind, by affording the functions and meta-functions in corresponding to the different dimensions of creativity used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Study and analyze Dewey's educational and philosophical
Falaknaz Atashi Hashem Golestani Mohamadreza ShamshiriimplicationsThe purpose of this research is to explore John Davie's Philosophical and Educational Ideas. In this research, the researcher has used the qualitative content analysis methodology to deduce the philosophical (anthropological) and educational foundations (pri MoreimplicationsThe purpose of this research is to explore John Davie's Philosophical and Educational Ideas. In this research, the researcher has used the qualitative content analysis methodology to deduce the philosophical (anthropological) and educational foundations (principles of activity, freedom, social, interaction, goal). The field of research of all narrative texts, researches and documents related to the aforementioned principles, selected from among available sources, principles of philosophy, educational traditions. Data mining was used to search the data using two methods of vocabulary and meta-analysis. Data collection in this research was done using electronic resources and documentary and vector scanning methods. The data analysis in this research is based on an interpretive descriptive approach that was performed using open coding, axial coding and selective coding, and ultimately these findings were obtained. Human life involves interacting with the environment, and human being is a social being, and knowledge is the result of the influence of the individual with the environment. Also, human nature is compatible with freedom, and in accordance with the educational ideas of Dewey Cook, he has to work freely from the very beginning of his life, and experimenting with the issues himself and studying the right way of life Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Analysis of the language relativity theory in the beam of sociological and anthropological proofs
Narmineh MoeenianLanguage is not only a means of communication but it has also changed into a social and cultural basis in its evolution direction that contains facilities and limitations for recognizing, establishing and directing social, legal and cultural relations. In this study, th MoreLanguage is not only a means of communication but it has also changed into a social and cultural basis in its evolution direction that contains facilities and limitations for recognizing, establishing and directing social, legal and cultural relations. In this study, the facilities and limitations of language were analyzed in the beam of language relativity theory perspective to survey some proofs in the field of sociology and anthropology of language which are the effects of language on ideology, social and cultural relations and cognitive direction of the speakers of that language. The language relativity theory is established by sociolinguists such as Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf and claims that the direction of thought, cognition, object classification, ideology, judgment, and reasoning in natural, biological, social, legal and cultural categories are affected by the structure and content of the linguistic elements of the speakers of that language. In the current study, the foregoing claim of this theory is surveyed considering the proofs in the field of language sociology and anthropology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Formation of Modernity and Post-modernity: Epistemology, Ontology, Anthropology
طهماسب علیپوریانی مختار نوریThe history of western thought could be categorized generally into three paradigms of pre-modern, modern and post-modern. It is tried in this article to explore comparatively the worldviews of modernity and post-modernity based on three concepts of epistemology, ontolog MoreThe history of western thought could be categorized generally into three paradigms of pre-modern, modern and post-modern. It is tried in this article to explore comparatively the worldviews of modernity and post-modernity based on three concepts of epistemology, ontology and anthropology. In other words, the main objective of the argument is to make an in-depth enquiry into the roots and fundamental ingredients of modernity. The question raised is what were the criticisms and weaknesses of modernity which led to the emergence of the school of thought called post-modernism? Hence, three concepts of epistemology, ontology and anthropology are applied as ingredients of comparison between the two paradigms of modernity and post-modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The philosophy of Islamic management
Azizhavanpour HeraviManagement in its new scientific and commonly-used version is considered a young human knowledge. This new knowledge like other ones in history has its own literature in human thoughts which is scrutinized in its proper place later. Since man is civil being so he needs MoreManagement in its new scientific and commonly-used version is considered a young human knowledge. This new knowledge like other ones in history has its own literature in human thoughts which is scrutinized in its proper place later. Since man is civil being so he needs management and leadership to express his civil behaviors.Here we don’t consider it as a science ,but we consider it as management in respect of Islam religion and deal with it in second-class i.e. at first the meaning, definition and its background then the management philosophy and its meaning were discussed. The theoretical principles of management science according to epistemological views were analyzed. Finally, theoretical fundamentals of management in Islamic according to the religion texts and life of holy prophet and imams are introduced and described. In this research ontology and anthropology fundamentals of Islamic management based on the holy teachings of religion is sought and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - An Analysis of the Philosophical and Educational Thoughts of John Dewey
Falaknaz Atashi Seyed Hashem Golestani Mohammad Reza Shamshiri -
Open Access Article
36 - Applying Theoretical Approaches of Sociology in Oral History
Mohsen Kazemi Morteza Nouraei Reza Shabani SamghabadiOral history as an interdisciplinary field has made the pragmatics and theoretical functions of other disciplines ‎of humanities, particularly social sciences, being noted in this kind of historiography. There are several approaches ‎for sociological studies; su MoreOral history as an interdisciplinary field has made the pragmatics and theoretical functions of other disciplines ‎of humanities, particularly social sciences, being noted in this kind of historiography. There are several approaches ‎for sociological studies; such as linguistics and anthropology. These days linguistics is a totally apprehensive ‎discipline that is in search of constructing and finding deeper signs, meanings and concepts of human, and the ‎thought, behavior, act and sensation of his/her. A human with his unknown labyrinth that anthropology might ‎reveal some (a bit) knowledge of his/her inner and outer world. ‎Oral history as a phenomenon related to human, about human and his/her world; is about to find a way to ‎transfer his/her messages, concepts and narratives that pass through the language. Human owns the language and ‎language as a thought plays its role in the structure of society and human institutions. Human is surrounded by ‎his/her believes, costumes, folklores and the sociocultural institutions. Identifying this human needs a language, ‎meanings, signs and symbols that can attained to some degree through linguistic and anthropological studies. ‎Studying some functions and linguistic concepts beside anthropological ideas and theories can reveal more aspects ‎of oral history. This paper tries represent a way for hesitation on unknown aspects of oral history based on ‎perceptive and explanatory methodology and presenting introductory discussions on linguistics and anthropology. ‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Historical anthropology of the spread of shamanism among the Turkmen tribes
shahpour ghojoghinezhad Mahmood Seyyed Ali Baseri Vahid RashidvashHistorical anthropology as a hybrid branch and interdisciplinary field is the intersection of the two sciences of history and anthropology. This article studies the evolution of shamanism among the Turkmen tribes. The study of shamanism as the oldest religious form amon MoreHistorical anthropology as a hybrid branch and interdisciplinary field is the intersection of the two sciences of history and anthropology. This article studies the evolution of shamanism among the Turkmen tribes. The study of shamanism as the oldest religious form among the Turkmen and its combination with Islamic Sufism is part of the topics of this research. By studying the remnants of the shamanic religions, the historical evolution of the Turkmen religious belief system was examined. It has shamanism. Despite the acceptance of Islam from centuries ago to the present day, the signs of shamanism are still manifested in their rituals. What is the place of what is called as a popular religion today in the ancient religions of the Turkmen tribes and also the shamans in the political and social system of the Oghuzs? The place of shamans in their ancient history was discussed, and finally, by examining the ethnic history of the Turkmens (Oghuzs), we examined the remains of shamanic religions as the most widely read ritual in the field findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The anthropology of Azerbaijani Games in Shahriar's Poetry
Ayat ShokatiThe rich literature of this land is bound up with history and culture, and local and native games as a part of the culture of the community have interwoven with this valuable literature which has inherited this treasure in the literary genre and it is recorded for their MoreThe rich literature of this land is bound up with history and culture, and local and native games as a part of the culture of the community have interwoven with this valuable literature which has inherited this treasure in the literary genre and it is recorded for their land. On the other hand, popular culture can be the source of great works of art and literature, just as the foundation of the largest and most enduring work of art by Muhammad Hussein Shahriar. He, because of his childhood in the pristine nature of the village of Khshenbab, has placed the local games of Azerbaijan which he had enjoyed as a child in his Turkish poetry. The present article analyzes and reviews 9 games of Azerbaijani play based on the poet's sayings by descriptive-analytical method regarding the library studies and oral research among the people. Accuracy in these exciting games created by the demands of life in nature and tribal culture shows that all of these games are tailored to be simple, group-based according to the culture of the countryside, often following the styles of simple people's lives and being influenced by nature. They did not need any special tools, or their used tools were part of the nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Role of Kinship in Providing Security from the Viewpoint of Holy Quran Based upon Historical Anthropology
Mahmoud Karimi Mohammad Hossein Shirzad Mohammad Hassan Shirzad"Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security More"Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security is often confined to concepts such as fighting or verses such as Anfal/60, and other important aspects of this issue has been far from the view of Islamic scholars. Therefore, the present research is an attempt to (A) study one of the main, neglected sources of security in the context of revelation, namely kinship, based upon anthropological approach, and (B) review the most important parts of Qur'anic teachings in this respect. This study shows that the Holy Qur'an uses the capacity of social institutions including kinship to promote security. Moreover, The Holy Qur'an seizes opportunities in consanguinity, affinity and fiction kinship to establish peace and security in societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Explaining the anthropological components of historical houses in the eighth region of Tabriz
azam masoudi gogani khosrow afzalian mohsen tabasi hadi sarvari mahdi sahragardIntroduction: The main axis of this research deals with the method of creating and developing architecture based on the qualities that respect the relationship with space and the way of human life under the influence of light and color, instead of using criteria such as MoreIntroduction: The main axis of this research deals with the method of creating and developing architecture based on the qualities that respect the relationship with space and the way of human life under the influence of light and color, instead of using criteria such as dimensions and size. How does natural colored light affect improving the psychological performance of housing? What are some ways to help reduce people's stress? It seems that the use of colored glass in homes can have a positive effect on people and psychology. Also, the use of colored glass in the residence can reduce stress and anxiety caused by the external environment.Research Aim: The current research aims to explain the anthropological components of historical buildings with an analytical approach in three neighborhoods of Tabriz's barou area; Maghsodieh, Sorkhab, and Sheshgolan with the valuable concepts of anthropology and psychology of light and color of the second Qajar period of Tabriz.Methodology: The present research was done with the descriptive-analytical method. The research approach is a combined approach with a sequential strategy (qualitative-quantitative). Necessary data were obtained with the researcher-made questionnaire, observation, and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the research was the 8th urban area of Tabriz, which had 123 residents and was questioned as a whole. Data analysis was done using the factor analysis method.Studied Areas: The geographical scope of this research is the historical houses of Tabriz city.Results: The findings indicate that the transmissive surface (72%) of the sash crown is in order from more to less with red (14%), blue (12%), green (11.5%), and yellow (4.5%) colors. %), it is covered from the top to the bottom, but the combination of red color with other colors has balanced the effects of this color to a great extent. The survey of residents and experts and the findings of the analysis of the confirmatory factor have been such that the purpose of organizing spaces such as two-door, three-door, five-door, and two-door in the Qajar houses of Tabriz as well as elements such as sashes and mirrors according to the characteristics of light and Color has been the symbolic identity of light, meaning, excitement, visual continuity, spatial diversity, landscape, etc.Conclusion: As a result, the important characteristics of light and color by the method of factor analysis in 6 readability factors with a share of 12.869, desirability 11.8, pleasantness 11.4, spirit and mood 10.7, adaptability and flexibility 9.9 and interaction 6.3 The interior spaces of historical houses were explored and presented in the form of proposed models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Environmental History as a Model of Eco-Criticism in Gregory’s The Other Boleyn Girl and Virgin Earth
Atieh Rafati Saeed Yazdani (Corresponding author) Fatemeh AzizmohammadiEco criticism is the study of the relations between the physical environment and literature. It involves an earth-centered approach to literary studies. The subject of eco criticism takes between nature and culture, explicitly the cultural artefacts of language and lite MoreEco criticism is the study of the relations between the physical environment and literature. It involves an earth-centered approach to literary studies. The subject of eco criticism takes between nature and culture, explicitly the cultural artefacts of language and literature. . As Hughes (2009) debates, even though eco-criticism has become a field in literary theory and in the extensive landscape of environmental history and cultural ecology, it could benefit from an enhanced frame work. Environmental History is relevant to numerous things, the history of the mutual relations between human race and remnants of nature. Cultural Ecology, on the other hand, is based on the interaction between man, culture and environment. It describes the roots of peculiar cultural type which characterize specific cultural space. This research attempts to analysis the Philippa Gregory’s The Red Queen based on the features of environmental history and cultural ecology as an eco-criticism hybrid model. In her novel, Gregory tries to define the true history and surrounding of Margaret Beaufort’s life who became the mother of the first Tudor’s king (Henry VII). First, with the reference to the features of environmental history and cultural ecology a model of analysis will be structured. Then, the analysis of Gregory’s novel based on these features will be indicated. Finally, the results of the analysis will be discussed to confirm how it can be implied as a novel’s approach to literary theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Var Rituals in the Southern Region of Kerman; An Anthropological, Mythological and Religious Analysis
yosof faryabi Masoumeh barsamVar (trial by ordeal) was a form of divine judgement carried out by Zoroastrian judges to ascertain personal truthfulness. This ritual was not exclusive to Iranians; it was prevalent in Europe until the middle centuries. In the mythological and religious culture of the MoreVar (trial by ordeal) was a form of divine judgement carried out by Zoroastrian judges to ascertain personal truthfulness. This ritual was not exclusive to Iranians; it was prevalent in Europe until the middle centuries. In the mythological and religious culture of the southern region of Kerman, the var ritual has been practiced in various ways throughout history. These include loqmeh-nevisi (eating consecrated morsels by the accused), takhteh-nevisi (writing the accused's name on a board), kāseh-ghardoon (identifying the culprit with a bowl of water), and qesme-chār (passing the accused through fire), among others, all aimed at proving personal truthfulness. The purpose of this study is to examine the role and implementation of Var rituals in this specific region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and involves collecting documentary information and conducting interviews with local inhabitants. The findings of the research indicate that the origins of Var rituals can be traced back to religious and mythological epic texts such as Shāhnāmeh and Avesta. Similar to other rituals, Var has undergone changes and transformations over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Function of Mirror in the Works of Mawlavi and Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani: A Comparative Study
azim hamzeiyan somaye khademiIn the works of Muslim mystics, mirror has a wide presence. According to historical documents, mirror has been used symbolically by Imam Alī ibn Mūsā al-Rezā, for first time to explain mystical monotheism. In prose and verse works of Muslim mystics, it is used for MoreIn the works of Muslim mystics, mirror has a wide presence. According to historical documents, mirror has been used symbolically by Imam Alī ibn Mūsā al-Rezā, for first time to explain mystical monotheism. In prose and verse works of Muslim mystics, it is used for explanation of manifestation and presence of God and pantheism. As a mystical symbol, mirror is highly noticed in the works of Mawlavi (Rumi) and Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani. The application of mirror in these works can be analyzed in three stages: mystical ontology, mystical cosmology and mystical anthropology. Ayn al-Quzat uses the metaphor of mirror to express the inability of human reason in understanding God, the role of perfect man and being mirror-like in reflecting the reality, but Rumi uses the metaphor widely and has a different expression. He emphasizes on the role of perfect man and being mirror-like, refers to the mystical issues such as Divine names and attributes, pantheism and manifestation of God, and speaks about light and color which are related to symbol of mirror. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Studying the Conceptual Contrast in Maulana's Mathnavi ( relying on external and internal senses ) Based on the Anthropological Theory of Claude Levi-Strauss
Robabeh Abbasi Sahebi Hossein Mansoorian Sorkhgarieh Reza Forsati jooybariAbstract The bipolar and the contrasting theory of structure has been affected from constructional theory and Claude Levi-Strauss is the most significant theorist of this domain who by the analysis of the corners and dimensions of man's e MoreAbstract The bipolar and the contrasting theory of structure has been affected from constructional theory and Claude Levi-Strauss is the most significant theorist of this domain who by the analysis of the corners and dimensions of man's existence confronts the surrounding world. He believes that the structure of human mind, to understand the phenomena, puts every continuum in the dual opposite poles and this comprehensive mental action, ultimately, leads to dual contrasting. This approach is also seen in our mystical literary tenets. Since Maulana himself is a the founders of Islamic mysticism, his Mathnavi is a very valuable resource to talk about the mystical teachings which are overfilled with contrasting relations of apparent and internal senses together with allegorical language in the mold of fiction and by analyzing them one can illustrate Maulana's ideas in the field of anthropology. In this research, by descriptive-analytic method, and dual relations of Levi-Strauss, contrasting senses of external and internal ideas in the Mathnavi of Maulana as two opposing interactions, which have impact on each other have been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Study of Anthropological Origins of Human Cultural Rights
Ehsan Taheri Hajivand Hamid Reza JamaliIn the introduction of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, “recognition of inherent dignity” of all human members is realized as the basis of freedom, justice, and peace around the world and it has been emphasized on believing in “dignity and va MoreIn the introduction of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, “recognition of inherent dignity” of all human members is realized as the basis of freedom, justice, and peace around the world and it has been emphasized on believing in “dignity and value of individual human” by the people of the united nations and also the fact that “human rights” must be supported by law enforcement. However, legislation and enforcement of law and principally the most basic inquiry about humanistic sciences including law have a secondary status in relation to recognition of “human”. Therefore, there is no exceptions to human cultural rights in regard to this principle, too. By posing this question that “what are the anthropological principles of human cultural rights”, and applying a qualitative content analysis with an anthropological approach, the present study is an attempt to evaluate this assumption that “human cultural rights are rooted in human nature and his physique”. The results indicated that studying definition, origin, physique, anatomy and lifestyle of human and his relationship with culture imply that human is a cultural creature and cultural rights have their origin in human nature; accordingly, to support and promote human cultural right, we need to put emphasis on compliance of these rights with their anthropological origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - .
محمد کمالی گوکی Ardshir kazemi mohammadjavad soltani -
Open Access Article
47 - Nature of the State and Its Founding Principles in the Political Philosophy of Hobbes and Locke in a Paradigmatic Narrative
Mohammad Kamali Gouki Hojjat Zamani RadHobbes and Locke as the seventeenth century English philosopher put profound impact on the political thought, As far as they can, including the founders of the political philosophy of liberalism -that is now one of the most pervasive political doctrines- And the founder MoreHobbes and Locke as the seventeenth century English philosopher put profound impact on the political thought, As far as they can, including the founders of the political philosophy of liberalism -that is now one of the most pervasive political doctrines- And the founders of the of nation-states current world system knew that the researching on the thought them make necessary. Hobbes and Locke, both in the philosophical and political thought are very similar to each other: both the empiricist and are of the companions social contract. However, though the two lived in a historical period and although it is a way to analyze a political system based on social contract theory, But the political system which was born out of a social contract, is very different. State of the Hobbes, is authoritarian government, but Locke's state is democratic political system, with popular aspects. The question of this paper is the reasons for differences in such analyze from State of the Hobbes and Locke? Asked in a paradigm framework of political thought and with content analysis method based on original works of Hobbes and Locke Is performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - An anthropological study of the traditional occupations of Dalak and Mashata in the Qajar era society
Vahid RashidvashProfession and job, customs, habits and beliefs, way of thinking and mental characteristics related to themselves. Studying and researching in this regard is beneficial in the general condition of the people from the point of view of sociology and anthropology. This art MoreProfession and job, customs, habits and beliefs, way of thinking and mental characteristics related to themselves. Studying and researching in this regard is beneficial in the general condition of the people from the point of view of sociology and anthropology. This article deals with the research about jobs that were more important in the Qajar era society in daily life, but today, due to the inventions and progress of science and the increase of information, they are not effective.The working method in this research is documentary and library. Malinowski's functionalism and Louis-Strauss's structural functional approach have also been used. The findings of this research indicate that the background, history and relations of Mashata and Delaki profession owners with the social strata on the one hand and on the other hand due to the close relationship of people with these occupations, manners, customs and rituals have been established in this space. which represents a part of the culture and past of the people of this land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A comparative study of cultural anthropology in the poem "Mehr and Wafa", in classical literaturePersian and Kurdish vernacular
ebrahim rahimi zangane neda yansAbstract It is obvious that the lyrical verses of Persian poetry represent the most cultural patterns and signs of civilization. Examining these stories from the perspective of cultural anthropology (whose main foundations are popular culture) is a new approach to them MoreAbstract It is obvious that the lyrical verses of Persian poetry represent the most cultural patterns and signs of civilization. Examining these stories from the perspective of cultural anthropology (whose main foundations are popular culture) is a new approach to them and introduces researchers to two options: one is to investigate people's culture in the content of the stories and Another cultural influence is the narrator according to the culture in which he was raised, and this applies to all the stories that have different narrators. In this research, the various literary and cultural knowledge hidden in the Kurdish popular literature "Beit" will be compared and analyzed with the systems of classical Persian literature, especially where the structure and content of these works are related to the principles of storytelling. If it matches, it can be a valuable work in the field of cultural anthropology studies. This research describes and analyzes the cultural components from an anthropological point of view in the poem "Mehr wa Wafa" in classical Persian literature and Kurdish folk literature narrated by Mam Ahmed Lotfi. To achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The findings indicate that most of the anthropological components have appeared in this system, and the amount of similarities is greater than the differences, and this indicates the intertextuality between the Persian and Kurdish systems. Another is that the Kurdish narrations of the story, although in terms of generality, theme and concept, are in accordance with the Persian narrations of the same name, but both in form and content, especially the changes and transformations of mystical, epic and lyrical culture. It is in different periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - A physical experience of the gender difference in the behavior and sensory perceptions of elementary school students about the home environment and family behavior with an emphasis on educational management (a case study of 7-9 year old girls and boy
Seyed Kasra Mirpadyab Moein Adham Kasmaei Mohammadreza Tabadar Mohammadreza Khoshzadeh MarkeThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how MoreThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how the child understands the existence of himself and his family inside the home. Therefore, like a native among the natives, the author tried to be present among the primary school students and in addition, he examined their behavior. The gender differentiation of their perception while drawing children's drawings has been explored. In this study, the statistical population was 172 children in elementary school, 86 boys and 86 girls. The data has been presented and analyzed with ethnographic narratives in the form of field note-comment anthology units, and then by analyzing the content of the students' paintings, we identified the parameters of their gender perception and the level of accuracy in drawing each gender. We analyzed the parameters. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Meta-analysis of Cultural Anthropology and Education Studies and Its Role in the Development of Iranian Women
Marzieh GorjiAbstract Value has been postulated as one of the core concepts in social sciences and anthropology. Thus, if cultural and educational values in women undergo changes, it will ultimately promote the development of women. The purpose of this study was to study the fiel MoreAbstract Value has been postulated as one of the core concepts in social sciences and anthropology. Thus, if cultural and educational values in women undergo changes, it will ultimately promote the development of women. The purpose of this study was to study the field of culture and education as well as the social values of women to seek the roles of these variables in the development of women in Iran. The research method employed was the analytical and descriptive meta-analysis. The first stage consisted of an appraisal of the theories and research methods of the studies. The second stage was the classification and summarization of the data collected from these studies pertaining to the variables of the study. For this purpose, more than 29 papers were considered. At first, the most influential variables in these studies were identified and then the average variable was examined. The results showed that the most influential variables of culture and value were identity, age, education, educational system, the media, and family which affected the development of women and then the participation of women in cultural, social, political and religious affairs were analyzed and evaluated. Solutions pertaining the study’s variables were presented to the respective institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - An investigation and comparison of the images of men and women In Dehkhoda’s Amsal-o-Hekan
Nahid ShamlouA research of this genre is one of the ways that can shed some light on the condition and position of men and women in the eyes of the people. This article strives to answer the following questions: How are men and women depicted in “Proverbs and Mottos&rdqu MoreA research of this genre is one of the ways that can shed some light on the condition and position of men and women in the eyes of the people. This article strives to answer the following questions: How are men and women depicted in “Proverbs and Mottos”? How are their images regarding sexual clichés or conventional beliefs represented? What characteristics are given to their mannerisms? Are there any conventional biased beliefs towards them? If so, what is expected of them? Dehkhoda’s “Proverbs and Mottos’ (Amsal- o Hekam) covers 2604 pages in four volumes and contains 22134 proverbs and wise sayings. In general in this book one bears witness to the overall approval of the conventional beliefs. The results of this investigation are fully discussed in the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Planning and Design of cultural center and anthropological museum of Bojnord with emphasis on cultural diversity
Elahe Ghorbanzadeh mohammad ali tabarsaCultural centers and anthropological museums are the heritage of physical artifacts and intangible characteristics of a group or community that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. In order f MoreCultural centers and anthropological museums are the heritage of physical artifacts and intangible characteristics of a group or community that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. In order for a country, city and society or people to distinguish themselves from other people in the region, they use this cultural heritage as a theme in symbolic architecture projects to create a sense of place and locate their cities on the cultural map. The purpose of designing this article is to investigate how culture affects architecture and vice versa; And among the research goals, we can point out the dimension of strengthening the spirit of people's participation in public spaces and recalling the past warm relations among people and showing the identity of the ancient culture in order to increase the tourism attraction and strengthen the tourism economy, showing the strengths of different cultures in societies with several subcultures. did The present research is based on the practical purpose and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The information required for the research has been collected in a documentary-library and field method. And 3D MAX, SPSS and AUTO CAD software have been used for graphical display of data and results of analysis and design. In the design of the public spaces of Bojnord city, especially the anthropology museum and the cultural center, the fundamental principles should be taken into account, which will lead to the promotion of the city's identity and increase the sense of belonging of the citizens and their self-confidence. In fact, the built environment should create identity and increase belongingness and self-confidence of citizens. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, in the design of the anthropological center and the Bojnord city museum, factors such as native architecture, identity, culture, spirit of participation, sense of place, infrastructures, in the design of public spaces, respectively, have the greatest effect in promoting the identity and increasing the sense of belonging of the citizens. Manuscript profile
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