Allah

Open Access Article

1 - Al-Sahīh min Sīra al-Nabīyy al-A‘zam: A New Approach to Life-Historiography
محمد سپهری

Although, due to some proofs, the life-historiography began too late, butalways the holy prophet’s biography has been noted by the Muslim.Compiling on this subject is still continuous.Dependence on some religion or school, also relying on some bases andcriteria, b More

Although, due to some proofs, the life-historiography began too late, butalways the holy prophet’s biography has been noted by the Muslim.Compiling on this subject is still continuous.Dependence on some religion or school, also relying on some bases andcriteria, by the life-historiographers; and different destinations, approaches,principles and motivations created very various works on the life-style.One of new writings in the Seminary (Ḥawza) is a book entitled Al-Sahīhmin Sīra al-Nabīyy al-A‘zam by Sayyid Ja‘far Murtadā ‘Āmilī. Conveyingcharacter of the Messenger of Allah in the different resources, he studies thephenomenon of prohibition of narration and its role in deviation of thehistorical realities, and also currency of the fabricated traditions. Hedeliberates the role of the people of the Book who converted to Islam, andthe story-tellers. After description of the agitated principles and criteria incompiling life-styles, he presents some principles, rules and criteria for acorrect scientific research in this regard. Lastly he tries to present a truepicture of the Messenger of Allah’s life, based on the Shia and Sunni mainresources, in the field of exegesis, narration and history. Manuscript profile

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2 - The Fatimid's Policies towards their Sunni Subjects during the Invitation Period and at the Beginnings of the Formation of the State
سید جمال موسوی نگار ذیلابی

Two founders of Fatimid caliphates were Abu cAbd Allah al- Shici andcUbayd allah al- Mahdi. They had different behavior with their Sunnisubjects in two different era, i.e., invitation time and then at thebeginnings of the formation of the state in Ifriqiyya. Taking into More

Two founders of Fatimid caliphates were Abu cAbd Allah al- Shici andcUbayd allah al- Mahdi. They had different behavior with their Sunnisubjects in two different era, i.e., invitation time and then at thebeginnings of the formation of the state in Ifriqiyya. Taking intoconsideration those policies and behaviors, this article shows thatthere is a significant difference between the former caliphate and thelatter with regard to the status of Sunnites. While Abu cAbd Allahfollowed a policy of toleration towards the Sunnites, al-Mahdi wasprejudiced against them. Apart from their individual characteristics,the obvious difference was a result of the socio-political conditions.Historians told that Abu cAbd Allah's policy was according to thenecessities of the missionary or invitation period on which it wasgoing to fascinate hearts of the religious opponents to pave the wayfor the formation of the new state, but cUbayd Allah's policy wasaimed at stabilizing of the state by emphasizing on Ismacili identity. Manuscript profile

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3 - The Social Impact of the Architectural Components of Safavid Bridges in Isfahan (Case S‌tudy: Khaju and Allahverdi Khan Bridges)
Ghazaleh Hanaei Darab Diba Hamed Abedini Masoumeh Yavari

10.30495/ijaud.2021.16765

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4 - Monotheism from the Point of View of Khwajah Abd Allah al-Ansari in Manazel al-Saerin and Baḥya Ben Joseph ibn Paquda in Al-Hidayah ila Faraiḍ al-Qulub: A Comparative Study
Seyed Ali Mostajaboldavati Majid Sadeghi Hasan abadi

10.30495/jrs.2022.66926.10759

This study examines the position, description and division of monotheism in the works of two mystics: Khwajah Abd Allah al-Ansari and Baḥya Ben Joseph ibn Paquda, who are respected figures in Islamic and Jewish mystical traditions respectively. The study utilizes librar More

This study examines the position, description and division of monotheism in the works of two mystics: Khwajah Abd Allah al-Ansari and Baḥya Ben Joseph ibn Paquda, who are respected figures in Islamic and Jewish mystical traditions respectively. The study utilizes library research and a descriptive-analytical method to investigate their views. The article explains that monotheism, which is the basis of Judaism and Islam, is considered by Khwajah Abd Allah al-Ansari to be the final step of the mystical journey which he outlines in Manazel al-Saerin. Similarly, Ibn Paquda, in Al-Hidayah ila Faraiḍ al-Qulub, defines monotheism as one of the ten steps of the Spiritual Journey. Despite the similarity in their definition of monotheism, the two mystics differ in their understanding of its position and division. While Khwajah considers monotheism to be the ultimate goal of the Spiritual Journey, Ibn Paquda places it as the first gate to divine love. Furthermore, Khwajah divides monotheism into three grades based on the level of Allah seekers and considers the highest grade indescribable, whereas Ibn Paquda, under the influence of Islamic sources, emphasizes the use of three sources; reason, written texts, and Jewish traditions, and regards the highest rank of monotheism as only attainable by monotheists who combine their heart and language beliefs with reasoning. In conclusion, this study highlights the differing views of Khwajah Abd Allah al-Ansari and Baḥya Ben Joseph ibn Paquda on the position, description and division of monotheism. Both mystics provide valuable insights into the development of Islamic and Jewish mystical traditions. Manuscript profile

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5 - The Relation of Mystical Journey and the Rejection of Disposition in the Teachings of Ibn ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī
Reza Elahi manesh نعیمه Ibrahimi

  Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the ea More

  Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the early stage of his spiritual journey, should reject to make any disposition because God’s will is all-inclusive, so man’s disposition is a hindrance in the path to God. There are nine stations in this path: penance, asceticism, patience, gratitude, fear, hope, cheerful submission, trust in God, compassion. In the seventh station the Rejection of Disposition is more evident than the others. Moreover there are five states: affability, compression, dilation, annihilation, abiding. For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ good deed is the fruit of good state and good state is the fruit of good station. The final phase of spiritual journey is the knowledge of God, which is the fruit of good station, good state and good deed. Manuscript profile

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6 - Review of the “Caliph Allah” Doctrine in Islam
masoud shavarani

Considering Human as “Caliph of God on the earth” is now accepted as a Muslim doctrine; however, in the Holy Quran, this term is not mentioned and the term “caliphate” is mentioned twice in the Qur'an. The main meaning of the word "Khalifa" is th More

Considering Human as “Caliph of God on the earth” is now accepted as a Muslim doctrine; however, in the Holy Quran, this term is not mentioned and the term “caliphate” is mentioned twice in the Qur'an. The main meaning of the word "Khalifa" is the succession and replacement of the present person to the absent person, and it seems that the purpose of the Quran was to use this term and derivatives of that meaning, and “the caliph of Allah” has a contradictory meaning, because God The present and the ruler of the world, described in the Holy Qur'an, is not absent from being replaced. On the other hand, historical studies show that this term was not accepted by the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, but gradually, perhaps for political reasons, it was used by the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs in the political literature of that time. The political sphere entered into the fields of commentary, mysticism, philosophy and theology, and human beings were considered as the caliph of the Lord in the earth. This article seeks to examine and critique the meaning of the term “caliphate”. Manuscript profile

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7 - The Indications of Reaching Fallah in Holy Qur'an
Karim Parchebaf Dowlati Fereshteh Motamed langroudi

The term of “Fallah” is of fundamental position in moral Islamic teachings culture and Holy Qur’an; because most of people are doing decent acts and Ethical behaviors to reach to Fallah. In Holy Quran conception, Fallah means ”achievement” More

The term of “Fallah” is of fundamental position in moral Islamic teachings culture and Holy Qur’an; because most of people are doing decent acts and Ethical behaviors to reach to Fallah. In Holy Quran conception, Fallah means ”achievement” ”triumph”, ”success” and “salivation. Also happiness achievement is called Fallah. Or when an individual overcomes the barriers and faces ideal goal. Based on the ingrained capacities of Human, he can rely on factors such as: faith, good deeds, virtue, self-purification, repentance, enjoining good and forbidding wrong and mentioning God’s blessings in order to find salvation. Virtue and piety amongst all is the main principle to salvation and happiness. The present article studies the most famous indications to reach Fallah from Quran point of view. Manuscript profile

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8 - STUDY OF THE WHOLESOME FAMILY ACCORDING TO THE TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS OF THE PROPHET OF ISLAM (PBUH)
Jamal Rezaie Ali Asghar Naraghi

The institution of family has a very special and holy status in Islam so that it is almost incomparable with any other institution. In one narration the Prophet ofIslam (PBUH) says: "in Islam no union is more prevalent with god than marriage". Forming a family has many More

The institution of family has a very special and holy status in Islam so that it is almost incomparable with any other institution. In one narration the Prophet ofIslam (PBUH) says: "in Islam no union is more prevalent with god than marriage". Forming a family has many psychological, ethical, social and religious reasons and philosophies and achieving comfort and affection for members of the family is also among reasons. Western break of the family and feminist approaches has endangered the institution of the family and solving this problem needs a sound and perfect model. Allah takes it necessary for men to take the model of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) in this regard.  Manuscript profile

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9 - Blessing and its Equipment in Quran and Hadith
Jamal Farzand vahy Zahra Zaheri Rouhollah Zaheri

This world's equipment is not limited to money and appearance but there is another affair in other world which relates unworldly and moral ones which has precise and adorable relationship with this world's affairs. One of these morals is Bounty or Blessing which has bro More

This world's equipment is not limited to money and appearance but there is another affair in other world which relates unworldly and moral ones which has precise and adorable relationship with this world's affairs. One of these morals is Bounty or Blessing which has brought in Holy Quran as Elevated, Blessed, Fortunate and Auspicious about thirty two times. The present paper studies the word "Blessing" and its equipment such as Holy Quran, Pray, Hajj, to Promote Virtue and Prevent Vice, visit the sick, charity, places and times, eatables and drinkables and animals. The method is librarian and the applied main recourse is Holy Quran. Being familiar with the equipment and their application in daily life are the main goals of this article. Manuscript profile

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10 - Scientific Jihad in Islamic Revolutionary University from Quran's View by Emphasizing Tafsir Al Mizanا
Seyyed Ali Hashemi Khanabbasi Reza Norouz Valashodi

Jihad (crusade) is one of the Boons and Divine Mercies which is advised by Prophet Mohammad and emphasized in Quran repeatedly. One way to reach peace and progress in life is to encourage jihad and attempt for Allah. This paper tries to study the social and individual e More

Jihad (crusade) is one of the Boons and Divine Mercies which is advised by Prophet Mohammad and emphasized in Quran repeatedly. One way to reach peace and progress in life is to encourage jihad and attempt for Allah. This paper tries to study the social and individual effects of scientific jihad in Islamic revolutionary university. Since jihad and crusade has different parts, scientific jihad with Quranic logic is the Great jihad. The outcome of this article shows that doing or not doing jihad in scientific environment of university is effective either social or individual. We hope that scientific, moral and political happiness which are three main aspects of jihad may come true.   Manuscript profile

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11 - The Position of Trial Interruption in Khamsah (five) Religions by Emphasizing Verses and Traditions
Feysal Sharifi Pour Fatemeh Shouri

Based on 37th principle of constitution, the basic is on indulgence; no one is guilty unless his crime proves in a proper court. Thus the present research studies the trial interruption in claim prove by studying verses and traditions and reminds that judge’s asse More

Based on 37th principle of constitution, the basic is on indulgence; no one is guilty unless his crime proves in a proper court. Thus the present research studies the trial interruption in claim prove by studying verses and traditions and reminds that judge’s assessment and diagnosis is the strongest reason to issue the order and sentence from Shiite’s view point. Some of Sunnite jurisprudents know judge’s decision insufficient and inadequate and recognize Holy Quran, traditions and wisdom as proofs for decision making. But some others specify limitations for the idea; this article tries to offer a logical reason and criticizes Sunnite’s documents and finally expresses judge’s science his decision making based on the constitution. Manuscript profile

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12 - Aesthetics of structural-semantic strains in Ebrahim Nasrallah's poetry
arman mohamadi mohamadreza beigi

10.30495/cls.2023.1979545.1401

In this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce r More

In this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce resistance towards Palestine and reflect the concept is used? And how these axes is distinct language and content of his poetry. The results show that the surface structure to avoid recession fades nasrallah in ordinary language, the art techniques, rhetoric and composition to highlight new vocabulary word is used and has provided beauty of poetry. The readings also showed deep structure is based on his poems Palestine, Palestinian suffering and human tragedy, resistance, defiance and hope for the freedom to form. The construction of meaning is one of the tools that conscious poet richness of poetry, to contemplate forcing the audience and instill a sense it is used.Keywords: aesthetic, structural-semantic axes, resistance poetry, Ibrahim Nasrallah. Manuscript profile

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13 - Symbolic Hallaj between al-Bayati and Iqbal Allahori
Majid Yaaghoobi Firooz Harirchi

Hallaj, facing different circumstances, is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government, he met his dark fate and condemned to death.  The age in which Hallaj lived was the real renaissance in Islamic thought. Massignon r More

Hallaj, facing different circumstances, is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government, he met his dark fate and condemned to death.  The age in which Hallaj lived was the real renaissance in Islamic thought. Massignon resembles this age with that of the fifteenth century in the West. But Hallaj was economically belonged to poor rank, and scientifically and intellectually belonged to a high rank. Hallage’s symbolic character played an important role in the modern poetry, and occupied an important space in the poem of contemporary poets like AL-Biati in Arabic literature and Iqbal Al-Lhoori in Persian literature.  Since Hallaj is an Iranian character which occupied an international position, so many contemporary poets in both mentioned literatures- and in accordance with their literary ability- employed this symbolic character to express political and social events. So Al-Biati employed Hallaj as a symbol to express his suffering from being away from home and the tyranny of the government. Also Iqbal Al-Lahoori employed Hllaj,s symbolic character to express his feeling about cosmic creation, bad social conditions and his invitation to the youngs to take necessary steps to reach the real independence. Manuscript profile

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14 - Lively Nature in Abulghasem Ashsha’bi and Eghbal
leila ghasemi haji abadi zahra mohajer noyi

Abstract A careful look at the greatest poets Ashsha’bi and Lahouri reveals that they are among the greatest eastern poets that focused on themselves and cheered their countrymen to know themselves; because it is the introduction to know God that leads to the fre More

Abstract A careful look at the greatest poets Ashsha’bi and Lahouri reveals that they are among the greatest eastern poets that focused on themselves and cheered their countrymen to know themselves; because it is the introduction to know God that leads to the freedom from the colonization and all the idols; because if man knows himself and God, will come near God and the good world and he wouldn’t be afraid of anything in his life. This paper attempts to investigate symbols of life in Ashsha’bi and Lahouri’s poems. It also tries to investigate their life and culture; then to study the most important subjects that are used in their poems. The use of symbols in expression of life and nature is the most predominant symbol in their poems. Manuscript profile

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15 - A Reflection of the Facilitative Backgrounds behind the Decision-making of the Commanders in Operation ValFajr 8 (A Qualitative Research about the Decision-making of the Commanders in Lashkar-e Sarallah)
Mohammadreza Mahmood Molaei Sanjar Salajeghe Alireza Manzari tavakoli

10.22034/sej.2020.1902976.1250

The objective of the present study is to identify the facilitative backgrounds behind the decision-making of the commanders of Lashkar-e (army) 41 Sarallah in operation Valfajr 8. To this aim, 10 commanders in the above-mentioned army were interviewed and then data anal More

The objective of the present study is to identify the facilitative backgrounds behind the decision-making of the commanders of Lashkar-e (army) 41 Sarallah in operation Valfajr 8. To this aim, 10 commanders in the above-mentioned army were interviewed and then data analysis was conducted by the qualitative methodology of grounded theory. After data coding, 6 main categories and 1 core category were extracted that include military and strategic thought of the commanders, military exercise and operation, identification operation, the circle of combat information, dialectic consultation, the average of decision-making, and indigenous decision-making as the event of victory. The results showed that the commanders’ decision-making was under the influence of some facilitative backgrounds such as former experience from operations Kheybar and Badr, accurate information, analysis of the ideas, and using the military experience of commanders to achieve decisive victory. Manuscript profile

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16 - Freedom in the Qur’an: Exploring Possibility or Impossibility
Sharif  Lakzai Najmeh  Keikha

Some people believe that freedom is a modern concept and there is no track  to  be  found  in  the  Islamic  texts  concerning  this  concept. According  t More

Some people believe that freedom is a modern concept and there is no track  to  be  found  in  the  Islamic  texts  concerning  this  concept. According  to  these  people,  the  freedom  in  the  world  today,  has originated from the thinking of the modern Western society, and it has been absent in the Muslim community. Moreover, even if it is assumed that it is possible to discuss the concept of freedom in the Holy Quran, there is extreme scarcity in this regard in the Islamic literature  and  teachings.Therefore,  we  cannot  provide  literature concerning the issue of freedom and discussing freedom in such texts as  the  Qur’an  remains  impossible.  Meanwhile,  there  are  other viewpoints in this regard which state that it is conceivable to talk about  freedom  in  the  Qur’an,  without  looking  for  counterparts among the modern discussions. . On the one hand, the concept of human freedom has always been the most important concept for human being and therefore the most central text in Islam could not be silent about it; on the other hand, if the meaning and purpose of freedom is determined in the religious texts, we can reflect on the religious texts and investigate aboutthe presence of the elements and  principles  of  freedom  in  the  Qur'an.  Freedom  has  been considered as a modern phenomenon and an achievement different from  the  former  thoughts  and  world  because  the  forms  and manifestations of freedom has changed but the theme of freedom has  always  been  important.  The  present  article  deals  with  the possibility and impossibility of freedom in the Qur’an and tries to discuss some of the main points in this regard. Manuscript profile

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17 - Representation of Adler's inferiority complex in the main character of Eylul's novel entitled "birds of September"
Zahra Farid Saeedeh Farid Farzaneh Rahmanian

Psychological criticism is considered as a new filed in which critic analyzes and investigate the hidden angles and psychological signs present in the characters in a literary work based on the principles of psychological theories in order to prepare the text for better More

Psychological criticism is considered as a new filed in which critic analyzes and investigate the hidden angles and psychological signs present in the characters in a literary work based on the principles of psychological theories in order to prepare the text for better analysis. The present study intends to analyze the personality of “Mena”- the narrator and protagonist present in a novel called “The Birds of September” written by Emili Nasrallah- a prominent Lebanese Writer. The novel narrates the failure and rejection of women of the Lebanese rural community including Mena and feeling inferiority, anonymity, and loneliness among them. Based on the Descriptive-Analytical method and within Adler's Individual psychological framework, this research aims to study the main feature of this theory, namely “Inferiority Complex”- and what reasons made her Mena's personality as well as the reflection of this feeling in her behaviors and compensation mechanism. Findings suggest that social environment and strict customs especially the dominant view of the father, the failure of love, and poverty have caused a feeling of inferiority in Mena. To overcome such feelings, she resorts to imaginary and incorrect methods such as using imagination and escaping from the reality of society and family which finally result in regretting, disappointing, and experiencing a sense of anonymity Manuscript profile

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18 - Intertextuality in the novel 'harb al-kalb al-sania' (The Second Dog War) by Ibrahim Nasrallah - a semiotic study according to the Grimas approach
Alaa Hmoozee Reza Nazemian

Semiotic approach of Grimas focuses on the relationships between the actants in the text to identify the poles of the conflict. This approach concentrates on whatever is oppose to the other one or helps it and the incentives generating the conflict, as well as seeking i More

Semiotic approach of Grimas focuses on the relationships between the actants in the text to identify the poles of the conflict. This approach concentrates on whatever is oppose to the other one or helps it and the incentives generating the conflict, as well as seeking its concepts in the deep structures of the text. The novelist Ibrahim Nasrallah foresaw the future danger to the fate of man in his conflict with those who are similar and disagree with him in his novel 'harb al-kalb al-sania' (The Second Dog War). He used a lot of empirical methods and techniques including intertextuality. This descriptive analytical study is based on the semiotic approach of Grimas theory of actants, tries to reveal the forms of religious and literary intertextuality in the novel and show how the writer employs them to produce semiotic connotations, and to indicate the areas of innovation in treatment and the application of mechanisms of work of the actantial model and the semiotic square in analyzing the semiotic relationships. Some of the results of the study is that in this thematic novel the internal and external dialogues are apparent and connotative.  Manuscript profile

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19 - Characterization in The Star of August by Sonallah Ibrahim
Khalil Parvini Kobra Roshanfekr Alireza Kahe

After the movements that Egypt witnessed in the second half of twentieth century, realist novelists tried to depict the realities of the society with new perspectives and used a new structural pattern in their writings. With this regard the role of character which has a More

After the movements that Egypt witnessed in the second half of twentieth century, realist novelists tried to depict the realities of the society with new perspectives and used a new structural pattern in their writings. With this regard the role of character which has a determining factor in realist novels went through changes concerning  characterization and depicting their temperament  in novels with the neorealist approach. Sonallah  Ibrahim is one of the most prominent authors of the 60’s with neorealist approach evident in his works. The novel The Star of August (1974) is an example of his efforts to diverge from the common styles of characterization of that time. In this novel there is no trace of Hero in the traditional sense and style and the main character of the novel is an ordinary person who has no fame. The minor characters of the story also are all static till the end of the story and they are introduced only by name or job. Manuscript profile

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20 - Position of Holy Quran in IqbalLahoori's Persian Poems
Abdollah Rasoulnejad

IqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by c More

IqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by clean revelation sources and having unbreakable bond with pure religious thoughts, he has left an everlasting literary work whose everlasting secret is not in their glamour of words and musical rhythmbut for being derived from his deepfaith in the meaning depth of words and their roles. Iqbal has founded a targeted poetical-philosophical school which considers poetry as an heir of prophecy whose mission is to reform human society.Presenting human grieves and lofty faithconcepts, Iqbal considers amendment of human being and guiding him to his true position in Allah's view as the main mission of poetry. Iqbal inspired by religious concepts and by decorating his poetry with sublime themes and notable Koranic figures, has acquired the celebrated position of the poet of Islam and Quran. In this research, using the descriptive-analytic method, while pointing to Iqbal's some intellectual-philosophical aspects of character and referring to eternality secret of histhoughts, it has been tried to study position of holy Quran in his Persian poems. Results show that Iqbal has dedicated himself to holy Quran willingly by his heart and intellect in order to be inspired by it in his works especially Persian poems. This research also demonstrates that Iqbal has not referred to Quran just for literary purposes such as using Koranic words and phrases in his poetry, but he tended to it as aninviting believer to derive his thoughts and values, far from Sufi interpretations, directly from it. Manuscript profile

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21 - Structural Criticism of Allama Seyed Mohammad Hossein Fadlallah Poems with Emphasis on Several Poetic Odes in Fi darub Alsab'aein Divan
Sayyed Mohammad Mirhosseini Elham Maryami

The work Fi Darub Alsab'aein by Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Fadl- allah has dedidated a superiority and importance to itself applying classic and new odes with a mystical and emotional language for visiting God and a deep thinking about what has been obtained during the lif More

The work Fi Darub Alsab'aein by Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Fadl- allah has dedidated a superiority and importance to itself applying classic and new odes with a mystical and emotional language for visiting God and a deep thinking about what has been obtained during the life. What has worked in transferring the poet's message is form and structure of the odes. Structuralism is an effort to discover new signs and to understand inner relations of the work. In this study we aim to investigate existing bases related to structuralist criticism in several odes of the Divan in addition to offering a description of Allama's life, his poetic talent and introducing the Divan. For this reason we focus on two linguistic layers of the poem; outside layer is same poetic rhythm and rhyme, phonetic, verbal and synthactic structures and median layer is poetic images, sign and symble which have been explained with examples. In this study, we try to consider a kind of union between structure and content of the work and to offer a more accurate understanding and perception of its poems and their messages. Manuscript profile

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22 - Study Of the Companionship Customs and Solitude in Sufism
Mehdi Jabbari Farhad Tahmasebi

Customs and traditions of Sofia indicate their mental and doctrinal principles. Their companionship and solitude as the Islamic Sufi rituals, has an effective role in individual and social life of Islamic Sufis and their Seir and Suluk in order to accomplish the truth. More

Customs and traditions of Sofia indicate their mental and doctrinal principles. Their companionship and solitude as the Islamic Sufi rituals, has an effective role in individual and social life of Islamic Sufis and their Seir and Suluk in order to accomplish the truth. So that the companionship, has provided an opportunity for displaying the outstanding characteristics of the Sufis like dedication and devotion, and solitude in addition to refining the condemned from them, have disposed their mind and spirit. Some Sufis were demanding God’s satisfaction through talking to people and leniency and some of them with commitment to solitude and withdrawing from other than Allah were searching to achieve to Allah without any intermediaries. In this paper the nature of companionship and solitude, besides Sufi, and studying the reasons of their distinctive approach toward companionship with the people or taking the hermitage in three different groups have been discussed; and the similarity and intrinsic links of Sufi’s companionship and solitude to reaching a common goal, despite their apparent differences have analyzed. Manuscript profile

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23 - Mystical Aspect Of Imam Ali in FaaniKhoyee’s “Ganjallah”
Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour

Seyyed Mirza Hassan Zenouzi, 1172-1225 AH, owns a divan called “Ganjallah” in which the character of Imam Ali is viewed mystically. That prominent Imam is assumed to be the leader of mysticism and the source of its trainings, which per se it is well illustrated in Faani More

Seyyed Mirza Hassan Zenouzi, 1172-1225 AH, owns a divan called “Ganjallah” in which the character of Imam Ali is viewed mystically. That prominent Imam is assumed to be the leader of mysticism and the source of its trainings, which per se it is well illustrated in FaaniKhoyee’s divan. In other words, the major subject of his compositions include his Islamic mystical teachings. And his essential reliance in this theme in an interisical and mystical comment on the status of the Imam is on spirituality. The poems composed on him are worth studying on two aspects of real faith and internal purity and good action and self-making stages, and finally breeding perfect man. In general, these kinds of teachings are referred for the purpose of role modelling and to make an accurate analysis of his spiritual realities. Manuscript profile

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24 - Pantheistic Thought in Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi's Poem
Seyyed Mehdi Masboogh Mehri Ghaderi Beebak

Pantheism is one of the key concepts in Islamic Sufism and always some parts of mystics' ideas have allocated to it. Pantheist is the belief that God is the only realistic being and all the creatures and the entire universe represent the existence of God. This mystical More

Pantheism is one of the key concepts in Islamic Sufism and always some parts of mystics' ideas have allocated to it. Pantheist is the belief that God is the only realistic being and all the creatures and the entire universe represent the existence of God. This mystical approach was reflected in Arabic literature extensively and mystic poets have expressed it in various ways in their poetry. Abd al-Ghani al-Nablusi, the writer and poet of Ottoman era, is one of these poets who has rendered to pantheistic thought specifically inasmuch as it is the main content of his poems in the court so called "Divan al-haghaegh va majmou al- raghaegh". In this article, by using content-analysis method, different aspects of pantheism are evaluated in Abd al-Ghani al-Nablusi's poetry. The results demonstrate that pantheism in Nablusi's poem has three leyers; manifestation of the essence of God in existence, unity of the human soul with the spirit of God and in other words fana fy Allah, and third layer consists of ratiocinations and exemplifications that he has spoken out in favor of this idea. Manuscript profile

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25 - Paraphrased Concept of "Divine Caliph" in Sura Baqarh
MohammadReza Aram Fatemeh Rahmani Seyed Shokri

This research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baghareh. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Quranic words and phrases, the writer has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying Lexi More

This research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baghareh. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Quranic words and phrases, the writer has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying Lexical meaning of the word through prudence and thinking over Verses 30-39 of Sura Baghareh in the Quran. It is done by using true meaning of existing key words and phrases in the above mentioned verses and it looks like that she has reached the true meaning of this title in human being. To this end, existential structure of "Adam" and his mission has also been purported. In this study the effect of real teaching of "Al-Asma kolloha" in human,s structure has been studied. The result is perfect manifestation of God's names (attributes) in human being. The main factor in proving the attribute of "Divine Caliph" to be true is the perfect manifestation of God's attributes in human being accordance of which will be followed by the obedience of all the world forces to human being. That is shown in the form of angels bowing to Adam as stated in Quran.. In fact Imams (P.b.u.t) are whom that names and attributes of " Lord of all the world"(Rab-ol -Alamin) have been put in practice in them in full sense and this is the conceptual meaning of " Then he gave Adam knowledge of the nature and reality of all things and everything." Manuscript profile

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26 - Analyzing the Relationship between the Imam's Knowledge of the Light of God and the Knowledge of God
Abbass Kiashemshaki amir tohidi

Some of the narrations of the infallible Imams, in terms of their content and depth, are part of the traditions of the infallible and difficult ones which need to be thoroughly and accurately understood in the traditions of the Imams of Hedayat al-Islam. The hadith of t More

Some of the narrations of the infallible Imams, in terms of their content and depth, are part of the traditions of the infallible and difficult ones which need to be thoroughly and accurately understood in the traditions of the Imams of Hedayat al-Islam. The hadith of the knowledge of the neurite of Amir al-Mu'minin (as) has its ups and downs in order to get it correctly. In this article we are trying to ascertain the narrative:"Knowing the Qur'an is knowledge of God and knowing of God, is knowledge of the Qur'an and that is pure religion"And examine whether some misunderstandings of this narrative entice the unfamiliar with the traditions and theology of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and certainly with reflection and precision in the narratives many of these can be explained by clear implications. . Because the correct interpretation and translation of such narrations must be based on the inequality of knowledge between the creator and the creature, the difference between the meaning and the meaning of the names of the creatures, and the creativity of the names of the creatures in the narration Manuscript profile

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27 - The Concept of Quality in Public Courtyards: Explanations and Analyses. Case Study: Mausoleum of Shah Ni’mat-Allah Vali
Elham Khajehpour Djavad Rasooli

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28 - Explaining the Role of Light on Quality of the Architectural Spaces in Iranian Mosques
Fariba Alborzi Farah Habib Iraj Etessam

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29 - The interior and exterior politics NASER O DIN O ALLAH , that the organize islamic realms.
ebrahim bavafa

ABOL ABBAS AHMAD EBNE MOSTAFE ,titular to NASER O DIN O ALLAH ,  that this age  was longer than all of the ABBASIAN prelates , he does efforts about rang interior and exterior politics that requisition the forepast grandeur caliphate like to  the first pr More

ABOL ABBAS AHMAD EBNE MOSTAFE ,titular to NASER O DIN O ALLAH ,  that this age  was longer than all of the ABBASIAN prelates , he does efforts about rang interior and exterior politics that requisition the forepast grandeur caliphate like to  the first priod. The struggle succession between  seljuks off and the  expansionism KHARAZM SHAHIAN government and do controversy those with GHORIAN government beside ,creation the best opportunity for realize wishing prelate for raise the caliphate sinker to topic the best diplomacy position in that moslemism world. He with constitution unionist together ZANGIAN and AYYOBIAN against the joint enemy ,cruciates , in the EGYPT , he can establishment the permeance caliphate that the realms , use of those like to apologetic block to christion aggressives and with do it  and free plane becam federate together IRAN'S  ESMAELIAN and GHORIAN against KHARAZMI government and horness those power. In the article ,do effort  reader , after the valuate churchly and scientific life's NASER ,check the collection actions him that the forty seven years age caliphare that the rang  interior and exterior politics in the based onward to government political goals. Manuscript profile

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30 - Emam Gholi Khan and role Of him in dismissal the Portugal in Khalij Fars
amir temor rafeyi mahbube bemani

  Imaam Quli Khan (1613-1632 ), son of Allah Verdi Khan,was was one of the great men of Safavid Dynesty. He is first mention as governor of Lar in Fars in 1610. He succeeded his fader ss governor of Fars in 1613. BBeing in charge of the Safavids southern posse More

  Imaam Quli Khan (1613-1632 ), son of Allah Verdi Khan,was was one of the great men of Safavid Dynesty. He is first mention as governor of Lar in Fars in 1610. He succeeded his fader ss governor of Fars in 1613. BBeing in charge of the Safavids southern possesstions,Imam Quli Khan continued his Father,s policy of underminini the Portuguese position in The Persian Gulf. After the death of Abbas,the great king of Safavids,Imam Quli Khan found himself in disagreement with new favorites of Shah Safi,  Abbas,s successor to the throne of Persia,and  became marginalized, until he and his family were put to death at Safi,s  orders and vast possessions converted into the crown domain in Khan was erected in  1633. Imam Quli Khan built a many places in Shiraz that the still many of them Manuscript profile

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31 - Reflection of Var Ritual in Balouch Tribe Historical Stories ;Case Study of Malek Shah and Allahi
Mohammad Masih Hashemi Nia Fteme Janahmadi Halime Mirkazehi nezhad

Rituals and customs are the basic elements of culture and a way to know the ideology of people. The more variable rituals and customs of a nation are, the more that nation’s culture is varied and expanded. In the current situation of the world where identity crisi More

Rituals and customs are the basic elements of culture and a way to know the ideology of people. The more variable rituals and customs of a nation are, the more that nation’s culture is varied and expanded. In the current situation of the world where identity crisis is an issue, returning to traditional rituals and customs is one of the methods of preserving cultural identity. Balouch tribe is one of the original tribes of Iran, preserving its language, culture, and rituals. One of the rituals of the tribe is called Nal or Var, which is mentioned in many Balouchi stories too. One of these stories is Shahdad and Mahnaz in which the ritual is performed. To do this study, we interviewed some Balouch people in different regions. It is noticeable that despite religious awareness increase of people, it is still performed in different regions and in cases of theft, magic, and betrayal where there exists no proof to prove the convict’s sinfulness or innocence. A noticeable case of the ritual occurred for Malek Shah and Allahi, in 1871. There are numerous cases of the ritual but only some of them will be mentioned here. This study efforts to find out in which cases and accusations the ritual occurred more. The answer is that the Nal ritual was performed more for accusations of theft, magic and betrayal especially for theft. This study is based on an analytic-descriptive and field-research methodology. Manuscript profile

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32 - Title: Analyzing reza shah encounter with religoin issue and searchikg his behavior with spiritualty
Mehrab Hatami Manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi nazli Eskandari Nezhad

AbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart a More

AbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart ataturk, considered religious anddenomination as a barrier for revival and modernization and desired building amodern iran by modernization in army, administration system , Law system,and education and even conseration organization and renewing power andcourt structures in which religion and spiritualty had a loe function. Is Rezashah encountered uniformally with religion and religious ulens or hid behaviorhas change during years? It can only be judged that for any reason in earlyyears of Reza shah sultanate, religion has been important and spiritualty hasbeen respectabke but gradually hus behavioe is influenced by his powerseeking behavior. Current study wants to answer this question in fact whyReza shah change his religious trend why he didn't continue that but also hechange toward contrasting with a descriptive-analytic procedure considerschallenges between spiritualties and Reza shah and reason of the contrastbetween these two wings. Manuscript profile

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33 - Investigating the Role of Tourism in the Development of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas (Case study: Gharib Mahallah Village)
محمد روشنعلی وحید ریاحی

The expansion of the tourism industry is one of the main means of development in each region, especially rural areas. Since tourism mainly involves small businesses, the necessity of the role of tourism entrepreneurs for rural tourism development is obvious; therefore, More

The expansion of the tourism industry is one of the main means of development in each region, especially rural areas. Since tourism mainly involves small businesses, the necessity of the role of tourism entrepreneurs for rural tourism development is obvious; therefore, the encouragement and promotion of entrepreneurship will lead to the development of rural areas. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to explain the effects of tourism on entrepreneurship development in Gharib -Mahla village of Behshahr city, in which a combination of descriptive-analytical and causal methods has been used to achieve the goals. The statistical population of the study consisted of all household caregivers living in the village of Gharib-Mahallah, of which 150 were selected as statistical sample. The main instrument of the research is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity has been confirmed by the opinions of the experts of tourism and its reliability has been confirmed by pre-test and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.776). The results of the study showed that the significance of the mean numerical difference between the numerical desirability (which is the mean Likert's value of 3) was significant at all levels in the level of 99% and the difference between all the components considered to be desirable to form This suggests that the development of tourism in the studied village could play an important role in improving the conditions of entrepreneurship among local residents. Manuscript profile

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34 - The Evolution of the Meaning of “al-Ahl” From the pre-Islamic Period to the Era of the Revelation of the Holy Quran
Seyyed Hoseyn Musavi DarreBidi Amir AhmadNezhad

Studying of the semantic evolution of the Quranic vocabulary from the pre-Islamic era to the later periods is a necessity task and it is not possible to understand the meaning of the verses without it. One of the most influential elements in the meaning of the Quranic t More

Studying of the semantic evolution of the Quranic vocabulary from the pre-Islamic era to the later periods is a necessity task and it is not possible to understand the meaning of the verses without it. One of the most influential elements in the meaning of the Quranic terms is their relation to each other in the text, especially the syntagmatic relations of the words. In this research, the focus of the "Ahl synthesis has been discussed. The "Ahl" syntheses are used only in the form of additional combinations in the Qur'an and, in terms of syntactic structure, have been synthesized with the appearance and the pronoun. Among the names of appearances, the term " Alktab " and the names of the places are most synthesized. Also, the names of the Prophets have the most synthesis as the reference to the pronouns associated with the Ahl. According to the Syntagmatic Relation of the meaning of "Ahl" in the four categories of categories, as well as the relation between "Ahl" and "Al". This research focuses on one of the components of semantics to explain the concept of the word "Ahl" and its semantic domain in the Qur'an. Manuscript profile

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35 - The Concept of Mystical Interpretation of "Khalifeh Elahi"
Fatemeh Rahmani

This research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baqarah. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Qurʾanic words and phrases, the author has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying lexical meaning More

This research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baqarah. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Qurʾanic words and phrases, the author has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying lexical meaning of the word through prudence and thinking over verses 30-39 of Sura Baqarah in the Qurʾan. It is done by using true meaning of existing keywords and phrases in the above mentioned verses and it looks like that she has reached the true meaning of this title in human being. To this end, existential structure of Ādam and his mission has also been purported. In this study the effect of real teaching of Asmāʾullāh in humans’ structure has been studied. The result is perfect manifestation of Allah's names (attributes) in human being. The main factor in proving the attribute of "Divine Caliph" to be true is the perfect manifestation of Allah's attributes in human being accordance of which will be followed by the obedience of all the world forces to human being. That is shown in the form of angels bowing to Ādam as stated in Qurʾan. In fact, Imams (as) are whom that names and attributes of "Lord of all the world" (Rabb al-ʿĀlamīn) have been put in practice in them in full sense and this is the conceptual meaning of "Then He gave Ādam knowledge of the nature and reality of all things and everything." Manuscript profile

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36 - Analysis of the short story "Sabr kon Allah Ti Ti" by Qasim Kashkoli with the theory of "Eileen Baldeshwiler"
zahra eshaghi sakineh garivani ahmad foroozanfar

Poetic or lyrical short story is considered as one of the types of postmodern story, so; Eileen Baldschweiler's theory of the mentality and the inner world of the characters is narrated with a direct and direct image and with a lyrical language, and it shows the mental More

Poetic or lyrical short story is considered as one of the types of postmodern story, so; Eileen Baldschweiler's theory of the mentality and the inner world of the characters is narrated with a direct and direct image and with a lyrical language, and it shows the mental states and ups and downs of the feelings and emotions of the main character about a specific issue. The purpose of thisim Kashkoli, based on Eileen Baldeshwiler's theory. The present research has been collected by descriptive-analytical method and by referring to the library and gathering information. The results of the research indicate that the author has made the emotional emotions and the inner world of the main character bolder with the method of expressing external events, and in this way expresses different associations. Concise and lyrical language is one of the author's skills in writing this story. Manuscript profile

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37 - The analysis of position of mentioning in Quran and its reflection on Islamic mysticism
taher Khoshhal.Dastjerdi marzeh Kazami

To Mention and remember Allah  play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the be More

To Mention and remember Allah  play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the believers always to remember and mention Him. He also remind them the consequences of disobedience of this order  and warn them against it. The position of mentioning Allah in Islamic mysticism were under the influence of Qur'an verses as well as many Hadiths which describes the value of this action. Mystics and great Sufism by understanding the high position and importance of mentioning Allah always in their speeches or in their prose and verses, ask followers to do it. By referring to Qur'an verses, they remind their followers the importance of this worship. Manuscript profile

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38 - Comparative Study of Sheikh Fazl Al-Allah and Great Scholar Naeini on Right and Task
Faramarz Mirzazade Shahindokht Pakzad

Pundits of every society, for transition from a society that have been involved in crisis, must draw and inform the required base for development. One of the basis of development is distinguish of rights and tasks that have been often ignored. In this article have been More

Pundits of every society, for transition from a society that have been involved in crisis, must draw and inform the required base for development. One of the basis of development is distinguish of rights and tasks that have been often ignored. In this article have been payed to comparison on basis of right and task from Sheikh Fazl al-allah and great scholar Naeini viewpoint; ruler’s rights and tasks to people and vice versa. The aim of this comparison is comparative study the viewpoint of two great scholars in constitutional age on characteristics of transformational society. In the other words, we study on whom viewpoint could lead to development from transition: a society that found on Noori viewpoint or Naeini viewpoint? This study is on comparative – analytical method. We first, study rights and tasks from two scholars on the main text from them and then, compare them. The conclusion of this study is, if a society is managed on great scholar Naeinin viewpoint, would be balanced and developed, and the other would be unbalanced and undeveloped. Manuscript profile

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39 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali Rahimi

Identifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal More

Identifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile

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40 - The influence of BahaValad on Moulana in matters of the Soul
Mehdi Parham

This article seeks the reflection of BahaValad’s thoughts in Maaref regarding the matters of soul in Moulana’sGhazaliat and Roubaiaat.  The selected subjects,each demonstrates that they share the same perspective and use similar mode of expression.&nbsp More

This article seeks the reflection of BahaValad’s thoughts in Maaref regarding the matters of soul in Moulana’sGhazaliat and Roubaiaat.  The selected subjects,each demonstrates that they share the same perspective and use similar mode of expression.  Their common features often dependent on old Sufis beliefs, in some instances seem to be contrary to what was customary among Sufis at the time. As far as the following discussions such as the origin of soul, characteristics of soul, Soul of other creatures in the upper and lower world, and also the finality of soul are concerned Moulana shares views with his father.  A mere glance at the apparent similarities proves that Jalalu din Mohammad was under the influence of his father’s thoughts. با نگاهی گذرا به هم‌گونی‌های محتوایی ـ صوری و بدون دقیق شدن در ریشه‌های مباحث، می‌توان تأکید کرد که جلال‌الدین محمد از اندیشه‌های پدر متأثر بوده است.   Manuscript profile

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