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Open Access Article
1 - Modeling of copper removal from electroplating industry wastewaters using zinc oxide nano adsorbent supported on graphene oxide
Mahin Moradi Soroor Sadeghi Sara SharifiA new nano adsorbent was prepared using zinc oxide nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide to separate copper from electroplating industry wastewater. Graphene oxide was synthesized via Hummer's modified method, and its surface morphology was characterized through FTI MoreA new nano adsorbent was prepared using zinc oxide nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide to separate copper from electroplating industry wastewater. Graphene oxide was synthesized via Hummer's modified method, and its surface morphology was characterized through FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A systematic study of the adsorption process was conducted, varying pH, initial copper concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The experimental results revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity, with 89.77% efficiency, was achieved at a pH of 7 when 0.5 g of adsorbent was in contact with a 200 mg/L copper solution at 20°C for 30 minutes. The nano adsorbent exhibited a high adsorption capacity in both simulated and real industrial wastewater samples, effectively removing up to 99% of copper from industrial samples. Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies were performed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order models and the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of copper ions on ZnO/GO was a spontaneous and exothermic reaction with an enthalpy of -6361.21 J/mol. This study demonstrates that nano ZnO/GO can be utilized as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly nano adsorbent for electroplating wastewater treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Kinetic Modeling And Optimization Of Effective Parameters Of 4-Chlorophenol Wastewater Treatment In Adsorption Process With Activated Carbon/Magnetite Nanocatalyst In Aqueous Solution
Farham Aminsharei Mohammad Astaraki Sahand Jorfi Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani Mojtaba Nasre IsfahaniIntroduction: Organic and cyclic chlorinated compounds such as 4-chlorophenol in surface and underground water sources due to its widespread use in various industries and causing irreparable problems and side effects such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, birth defects an MoreIntroduction: Organic and cyclic chlorinated compounds such as 4-chlorophenol in surface and underground water sources due to its widespread use in various industries and causing irreparable problems and side effects such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, birth defects and high toxicity are of great concern to conservation organizations. It was from the environment. Materials and Methods: This study is an applied research that was conducted in a pilot and laboratory scale. In this study, first an aqueous solution containing 4-chlorophenol was prepared, and then using waste rubber to prepare activated carbon, carbon/magnetite nano catalyst was prepared, and for this purpose, 100 ml of the aqueous solution was placed in contact with the activated carbon absorber and the influencing variables In the adsorption process (pH, Temperature, Adsorbent dose and Retention Time) the response surface method (RSM) was designed by selecting the central composite design (CCD). Results and Discussion: For the absorption process of 4-chlorophenol using activated carbon/magnetite, a test model was conducted with 30 runs and the adjusted and predicted R2 were estimated as 0.919 and 0.762, respectively, and based on ANOVA, the process model The absorption of 4-chlorophenol with the proposed adsorbent was significant and the F-value was 24.58. Also, the independent factors in this study (pH, Temperature, Adsorbent dose and Retention Time) were significant. Conclusion: According to the influence of different parameters in choosing optimal conditions, The software proposed 100 solutions, and finally the first solution was selected with a favorability of 0.948, and the effective parameters for absorption were optimized as follows: pH 3, temperature 42.5 ℃, adsorbent dosage g L(-1) 1.84 and the retention time is 91 minutes. Also, the results of adsorption modeling showed that by increasing the dosage of adsorbent, the process can be completed in a shorter time, and increasing the adsorbent dose beyond the optimal amount is not economically viable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Poly zirconium chloride (PZC) as an efficient adsorbent for 99 MO
H. Salehi M. Zoghi M. Alimoradi A. Niazi H. Abbasi -
Open Access Article
4 - Methylene blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution using magnetite-oak adsorbent
Farhad Salimi Sarie PireBackground and objective: Each year about billion tons of dyes from textile and dyeing industry are discharged in the wastewater, which they are the most dangerous chemicals. Then removing this dyes from wastewater requires proper treatment before being released into th MoreBackground and objective: Each year about billion tons of dyes from textile and dyeing industry are discharged in the wastewater, which they are the most dangerous chemicals. Then removing this dyes from wastewater requires proper treatment before being released into the environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate and determine the possibility of using absorbent obtained from the Fe3O4-Oak as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Material and Methodology: FTIR analysis was used to investigate the presence of magnetite iron in the oak structure. In these tests, a batch system was used for the absorption process. The effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of dye and time as key parameters were evaluated. Also, the isotherm models were used to study the experimental adsorption data. Findings: The results that increasing pH increases the removal rate and the highest adsorption was obtained at pH 7. The Langmuir, Freundlich, temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were used to evaluate experimental data and obtained results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm and Dubinin–Radushkevich models is better than other models with data obtained. Finally, the results of this study indicate that used absorbent have high efficiency for removal of methylene blue. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model well depicted the kinetics of dyes adsorption on adsorbent. Discussion and Conclusion: This study has been showed that the present adsorbent has a good case for removing dye from wastewater and also, having the magnetic property of the adsorbent will cause more rapid regeneration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Laboratory Study on Efficiency of Bioadsorbents for the Removal of Nitrate from Aqueous Solutions
Karamat Akhavan Giglou Ali Shahnazari Bahman YargholiBackground and Objective: Today, development of irrigated lands is faced with limited resources. With the increased water scarcity, the importance of using municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater is increasing. This study was conducted on laboratory scale to i MoreBackground and Objective: Today, development of irrigated lands is faced with limited resources. With the increased water scarcity, the importance of using municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater is increasing. This study was conducted on laboratory scale to investigate the efficiency of some bioadsorbents (rice husks, wheat straw, woodchips and cotton stalks) in removing nitrate from aqueous solutions and their application as bio filters in agricultural wastewater treatment. Method: First, absorbents were well-washed with distilled water, dried and crushed by the mill, and percolated through a standard sieve mesh 30 to obtain uniform powder from the absorbent samples. In order to prepare the required concentrations, nitrate solution was added to the distilled water with certain amount of potassium nitrate. For each bioadsorber, a spectrophotometer was used to measure the extent of nitrate removal at contact periods in order to determine the periods required to reach equilibrium, the optimum pH values of adsorbents, and the suitable concentrations of adsorbents. Findings: Results indicated the significant differences at the confidence level of 99% among the adsorbents in removing nitrate and these adsobents significantly reduced the nitrate in aquous soloutions. In the four adsorbents, the nitrate removal rates at the studied contact periods (5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 minute) were statistically significant at the confidence level of 99%. Results from determining the suitable concentrations of the four studied adsorbents to reach the maximum efficiency showed that 1 g in 40 ml solution was the most suitable concentration. Moreover, reduction in the adsorbents amounts reduced their efficiencies. Study of isotherm models indicated that for all the studied adsorbents correlation coefficients in Langmuir’s isotherm model were higher compared to Friedrich isotherm model. Therefore, Langmuir isotherm model was more suitable for predicting nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by bioadsorbents. Discussion and Conclusion: Plant absorbers significantly reduce the amount of nitrate in aqueous solution. In this study, Langmuir model can be used as an adsorption isotherm.for adsorption of the bioadsorbents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method
Hossein Dashti Khavidaki Raziyeh Jafari Mousa SoleymaniBackground and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, an MoreBackground and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain and contact to its high concentrations (> 100 ppm) can result in pulmonary edema, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is very important for environment the removing of the pollutant from air. The aim of this study has been the removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method. Material and Methodology: In this work, it has been investigated the removal of NO2 gas by adsorption on different natural adsorbents including eggshell, eucalyptus bark, fennel seed, pine leaf, tea waste, and wheat straw. It was also studied the effect of some experimental conditions including adsorbent column length and initial NO2 amount on the adsorption percentage. Findings: The most desirable adsorption percentage obtained with adsorbent column length 50 cm and initial NO2 amount 6.3 mmol. In addition, Fennel seed and eggshell can adsorb 96.8 and 92.1% of NO2 gas in the optimum conditions, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the used adsorbents, the most appropriate adsorbents are fennel seed and eggshell for the adsorption process. In addition, it was correlated the equilibrium data with the adsorption isotherms such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkin-Jura and the results showed that Harkin-Jura isotherm describes the experimental results better than the other isotherms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Recycling the Spent Catalysts of Claus Unit in Natural Gas Refineries and Their Application for Synthesis of Composite Adsorbents Coated by Polypyrrole for the removal of lead ions
Nima Fallah Tayebeh Johari mohammad Toosi mohammad hasan PeyroviBackground and Objective: Catalytic processes in oil and gas industries are very important for refining, purification and production of useful compounds. Regeneration of spent catalysts is interested due to their environmental problems as solid wastes in the refineries. MoreBackground and Objective: Catalytic processes in oil and gas industries are very important for refining, purification and production of useful compounds. Regeneration of spent catalysts is interested due to their environmental problems as solid wastes in the refineries. Activated alumina is a very useful catalyst in gas refinery for conversion of hydrogen sulfide to the elemental sulfur in Claus unit.In this paper regeneration of spent catalyst of Claus process in Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) and application of it for synthesis of polypyrrole/Al2O3 composite as an adsorbent of lead ion was investigated. Method: Catalyst regeneration was performed via washing by water or caustic washing and then thermal process. Characterization and analysis of catalysts were performed by XRF, XRD, FTIR, and BET measurements. Polypyrrole /Al2O3 composite was synthesized by in situ polymerization and used for removal of lead ions in batch experiments and different values of pH, lead concentration and temperature. Findings: Results showed that regeneration process caused to removal of impurities and sulfur without any change in the catalyst structure. Specific area of catalyst increased from 84 m2/g in spent catalyst to 186 m2/g in regenerated sample while the sulfur content decreased from 2.53% to 0.005-0.007%. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicated that the composite showed high ability for lead removal. Adsorption behavior was determined as Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Remove of lead and cadmium metal ions from aqueous solution using nanoporous MCM-48 and modified NH2-MCM-48 adsorbents
Hadi Vatandoust Habibollah Younesi Zahra Mehraban Ava HeidariBackground and Objective: In this study, nanoporous silica adsorbent of MCM-48 was synthesized. The adsorbent capacity of heavy metal was increased by modification of the surface with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Silica adsorbents are very effective in heavy metal ads MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, nanoporous silica adsorbent of MCM-48 was synthesized. The adsorbent capacity of heavy metal was increased by modification of the surface with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Silica adsorbents are very effective in heavy metal adsorption. Method: In the present study, removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) heavy metal ions from aqueous solution was carried out using MCM-48 and NH2-MCM-48 modified nanoporous adsorbents in a batch system. The effect of adsorbent dosage, solution pH and contact time were studied. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms by nonlinear regression analysis. Findings: The maximum adsorption capacities of NH2-MCM-48 for Cd (II) and Pb (II) were found to be 62.07 and 108.16 mg/g, respectively. Changing the level of each variable resulted in change of adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that modification of MCM-48 to synthesize NH2-MCM-48 will increase the adsorbent capacity for Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions and this compound can be used as an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of metal ions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - An Overview of Nano Adsorbents Application in Water and Wastewater Treatment System
Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Khashayar Mohammadbeigi Rohollah Bagheri Seyed Mostafa Sadati KiadehiBackground and Objective: In recent decade, various researches have been performed on the application of nanoparticles in the water and wastewater industries. In generally, these nanoparticles are divided to carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes MoreBackground and Objective: In recent decade, various researches have been performed on the application of nanoparticles in the water and wastewater industries. In generally, these nanoparticles are divided to carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes have a high active specific surface, while easy reuse. Metal oxide nanoparticles have the proper selectivity for absorbing toxic compounds and heavy metals. Polymeric nanoadsorbents have Bifunctional (inner shell adsorbs organics, outer branches adsorb heavy metals) and reusable. Zeolites have high specific surface and adsorption ability. In this paper has been studied a review of nanoadsorbents and their applications in water and wastewater treatment systems. Analysis methodology: Research documents and data have been gathered based on review articles methodology by searching the reference data banks of articles and scientific resources and researches conducted inside and outside Iran in the field of nano adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment systems. Findings: The results of this study shows that there are many research about iron oxide and carbon nanotubes, but less research is done in the field of silver nanoparticles with high antibacterial properties to remove viruses, bacteria and fungi from water and wastewater. Discussion and Conclusions: Regard to development and applications of nanoabsorbents in the field of water and wastewater treatment systems, it is suggested that researches with an applied and industrial point of view be considered in the research and scientific centers of the country to enable the possibility of water recovery and optimization of the treatment system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Thermodynamic Study of Biosorption for Removal of Nickel Using Microbial Biomass Derived from Plants
Mehdi Nezhadnaderi Hamid Goran OurimiObjective field: The discharge of heavy metals from various industries has negative effects on the environment and living organisms. Conventional technologies for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions are not economically viable and, in addition to not being effe MoreObjective field: The discharge of heavy metals from various industries has negative effects on the environment and living organisms. Conventional technologies for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions are not economically viable and, in addition to not being effective at low concentrations of metal ions, produce large amounts of chemical sludge. Nickel's biological uptake by living, inactive, microbial or plant-derived biomass is an alternative and innovative technology to remove this contamination from aqueous solutions. It has high absorbency and reabsorption capacity. Investigation method: In this research, in a review study with the aim of introducing different types of microbial and plant-derived biological adsorbents in order to remove nickel from aqueous solution and reveal the adsorption capacity of each adsorbent, articles found between 2001 and 2020 have been used. Findings: Research has shown that the use of these biomass as a biological adsorbent for the removal of nickel in aqueous solution is a promising and environmentally friendly prospect. Discussion and conclusion Based on thermodynamic studies in most nickel biosorption processes with different adsorbents, the value of ∆G° is negative and the value of ∆S° is positive due to the increase of random collisions between solid and solution during the process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of cumin stem powder efficiency in Methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions
Somaye Rahdar Morteza Ahmadabadi Edrise Bazrafshan Mahmoud TaghaviMethylene blue (MB) is a most common paint for dying and it can cause eye burns, breathingproblem, heart rate increasing, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, gastritis, shock, cyanosis, jaundice,quadriplegia, and tissue necrosis in humans. In this study, cumin stem powder h MoreMethylene blue (MB) is a most common paint for dying and it can cause eye burns, breathingproblem, heart rate increasing, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, gastritis, shock, cyanosis, jaundice,quadriplegia, and tissue necrosis in humans. In this study, cumin stem powder has been used as a lowcost adsorbent for the removal of Methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions.In this experimental study, the efficiency of cumin stem powder in removal of methylene blue and theeffect of effecting operating parameters such as pH (2-12), reaction time (5-210 min), adsorbentdosage (0.1-2 g/l) and initial concentration of dye (10-100 mg/l) on color removal from syntheticwastewater were studied.The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of methylene blue 93% was achieved atoptimum condition: pH 11, reaction time 90 min, adsorbent dosage 0.5 g/l and initial dyeconcentration 100 mg/l. The results of isotherm study revealed well fitting of the experimental datawith Freundlich (R2=0.9913).According to results of this study, it was found that the cumin stem powder has a high capacity toremove methylene blue dye from aqueous solution and textile industry wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - New Nano-Adsorbents for the Removal of Chromium (III) and Mercury (II) from Aqueous Solutions
Mohammad Alikarami Zahra Abbasi -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of Dietary Administration of Betaine and Natozim Multi-Enzyme on Growth, Indices and Growth Hormone Gene (GH) in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
mohammad homyoni mohammad reza Imanpour roghieh safariInroduction & Objective: Enzymes and food attractants are the ingredients used to improve the nutritional status of fish in recent years. In this experiment the effect of dietary administration of betaine and Natozim multi-enzyme on growth indices (Weight gain, SGR and MoreInroduction & Objective: Enzymes and food attractants are the ingredients used to improve the nutritional status of fish in recent years. In this experiment the effect of dietary administration of betaine and Natozim multi-enzyme on growth indices (Weight gain, SGR and FCR) and growth hormone gene expression (GH) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Materials and Methods: For this purpose 180 fish with average weight of 19.5±0.5 gr, were fed diets supplemented with 3 different levels of 0, 1 and 1.5% in combination with 0, 250 and 500 mg/l for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth indices were assessed. RNA extracted from brain, cDNA synthesized using Suprime script RTase kit and Real-time PCR were done using GH primers.Results: Results showed no significant difference growth indices and GH expression gene in fish fed betaine (P>0.05). However, with increasing the amount of Natozim multi-enzyme from 250 to 500 mg in the non-betaine condition, there was a significant increase (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Extraction and determination of group of volatile organic compounds by headspace - solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography in tea and vegetable samples
Mahboobeh Dehghani Maryam Kazemipour Mehdi Ansari Mehdi shahidizandiIn this study, a composite coating of polypyrrole/modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes/modified activated carbon prepared from hazelnut shells (PPy/MWCNTs/AC), was electrochemically synthesized and used for analyzing a group of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in tea and MoreIn this study, a composite coating of polypyrrole/modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes/modified activated carbon prepared from hazelnut shells (PPy/MWCNTs/AC), was electrochemically synthesized and used for analyzing a group of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in tea and vegetable samples. In order to obtain an adherent and stable composite coating, the effective parameters on electrodeposition process were optimized using the one-variable-at-a-time procedure, as well as the effective parameters in the desorption step of analytes was performed by this method. Based on the results, the deposition potential of 1 V, the deposition time of 1000 seconds, the desorption temperature of 280 ° C and the desorption time of 5 minutes were considered as the optimal values. To optimize the effective parameters in the extraction stage, the experimental design was used. Finally, the extraction temperature was 25 ° C, the extraction time was 30 minutes and the amount of salt was 10%. The calibration curve for each analyte in a range was linear as follows: 2 ̶ 15 µg ̸ L (fluorene and phenanthrene), 2 ̶ 10 µg ̸ L (anthracene and pyrene) and 0.5 ̶ 8 µg ̸ L (naphthalene). Under the optimized conditions, the amounts of the detection limits (LODs) calculated at S ̸ N proportion of 3, were varied from 0.06 to 0.9 µg ̸ L. The RSDs% of the peak areas ranged between 0.5 and 8.6%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Tryptophan-modified magnetic graphene oxide for adsorption of copper(II) cation
Hassan Meymane Jahromi Iman KhonshaRecently adsorption by using of modified nano-adsorbents as one of the methods of separating heavy metals from wastewater has been attracted a lot of attention due to the simplicity and high efficiency of the process. In this work, at first a graphene-oxide-based magnet MoreRecently adsorption by using of modified nano-adsorbents as one of the methods of separating heavy metals from wastewater has been attracted a lot of attention due to the simplicity and high efficiency of the process. In this work, at first a graphene-oxide-based magnetic nanostructure modified by tryptophan was synthesized. The synthesized magnetic graphene oxide has a high absorption capacity for Cu(II) ion (i.e., 118 mg g-1) due to the presence of nitrogen groups of tryptophan exist on the surface of adsorbent. Kinetic parameters and contact time were optimized, and the results showed that the optimal contact time is 60 minutes. Absorption kinetic studies were performed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The findings indicated that the pseudo-second-order model with a higher regression coefficient (R2=0.9978), compared to the pseudo-first-order model (R2=0.9942), describes the test data better. The adsorption kinetics’ adherence to the pseudo-second-order model demonstrated that the rate-determining step is a chemical interaction. In order to investigate the thermodynamics of absorption, the effects of temperature on the absorption process were explored by using of Van’t Hoff equations, and the results showed that the absorption process is endothermic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Recent review for removal of toxic metal ions by polymeric hydrogels
Mehrab Fallahi-Samberan Sameneh KhodadadiA continuous research is going to synthesize the novel adsorbents for removal of toxic metal ions having high sorption capacity along with non-toxic and biodegradable nature. Ionic impurities have been removed in many ways. Ionic impurities have been removed in many way MoreA continuous research is going to synthesize the novel adsorbents for removal of toxic metal ions having high sorption capacity along with non-toxic and biodegradable nature. Ionic impurities have been removed in many ways. Ionic impurities have been removed in many ways. However, hydrogels with high sorption capacity, high functionality, hydrophilicity, regeneration and nontoxicity have made them a good contender for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, including heavy metal ions. Hydrogels have physically well-defined three dimensional porous structures and have chemically responsive functional groups, which enable them to readily capture metal ions and dyes from wastewater and to release these toxic pollutants upon changes in aqueous solution conditions. The hydrophilic character of hydrogel adsorbents enables to form a flexible network of polymer chains, which allow solutes to quickly penetrate into the network with water and to form stable complexes with functional groups. They are three dimensional hydrophilic polymers that absorb large amounts of water, swell to form a solid gel while maintaining their physical structure without dissolving. The present review provides recent progress in the synthesis of the hydrogels for waste water treatment and insight into increase in selectivity, efficiency and reusability of hydrogels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Polluted Waters by Using of Hydrogel-based Absorbetnts
Mehrab Fallahi-Samberan Tannaz Soltanolzakerin- SorkhabiThe growth of industry fulfills our necessity and promotes economic development. However, pollutants from such industries pollute water bodies which pose a high risk for living organisms. Thus, researchers have been urged to develop an efficient method to remove toxic h MoreThe growth of industry fulfills our necessity and promotes economic development. However, pollutants from such industries pollute water bodies which pose a high risk for living organisms. Thus, researchers have been urged to develop an efficient method to remove toxic heavy metal ions from water bodies. The adsorption method shows promising results for the removal of heavy metal ions and is easy to operate on a large scale, thus can be applied to practical applications. Numerous adsorbents were developed and reported, among them hydrogels, which attract great attention because of the reusability, ease of preparation, and handling. Hydrogels are macromolecular networks that swell, but do not dissolve, in water. The ability of hydrogels to absorb water arises from hydrophilic functional groups such as -NH2, -COOH, -OH, -CONH2, - CONH -, and -SO3H attached to the polymeric backbone, while their resistance to dissolution arises from crosslinks between network chains. Thus, this review provides various methods of hydrogel adsorbents preparation and summarizes recent progress in the use of hydrogel adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions. Further, the mechanism involved in the removal of heavy metal ions is briefly discussed. The most recent studies about the adsorption method for the treatment of heavy metal ions contaminated water are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Synthesis of hydrogel based on acrylic acid and its application in the absorption of methyl orange from aqueous solutions
Arman Samadzadeh Mamaghani Mohammadreza Manafi Mohammad HojjatiPoly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) PAM-AA hydrogel by solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N',N-methylenebisacrylamide ( MBA) was prepared as a binder. PAM-AA was used to adsorb methyl orange fro MorePoly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) PAM-AA hydrogel by solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N',N-methylenebisacrylamide ( MBA) was prepared as a binder. PAM-AA was used to adsorb methyl orange from aqueous solutions. Factors affecting the absorption capacity such as absorption time, initial concentration of methyl orange, amount of superabsorbent hydrogel, pH value were investigated in detail and it was found that PAM-AA is very effective for removing methyl orange from its aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 359.89 mg/g at room temperature as initial. The concentration of methyl orange was equal to 3000 mg/liter. The mechanism of the adsorption process was also speculated. The study on the equilibrium adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption was in accordance with the Langmuir and Freundlich model. Further investigation of the sorption kinetics showed that the sorption process was compatible with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A review on the removal of toxic metal ions by polymer hydrogels
samaneh khodadadi Mehrab Fallahi samberanToday, continuous researches and extensive researches are being done in the world for the synthesis of new types of adsorbents, in order to remove toxic metals with high ionic absorption capacity along with non-toxic nature and biodegradable properties. Until now, vario MoreToday, continuous researches and extensive researches are being done in the world for the synthesis of new types of adsorbents, in order to remove toxic metals with high ionic absorption capacity along with non-toxic nature and biodegradable properties. Until now, various ionic impurities have been removed in different ways. High absorption capacity and performance, hydrophilic properties, regeneration ability and non-toxicity have made hydrogels a good competitor for removing various aquatic pollutants including heavy metal ions. Hydrogels have porous, three-dimensional structures and chemically sensitive functional groups that enable them to easily capture metal ions and dyes from wastewater and release these toxic pollutants by changing the conditions of the aqueous solution. The hydrophilic nature of hydrogel adsorbents causes a flexible network of polymer chains to form, which allows polluting molecules to quickly penetrate the network with water and stable complexes with functional groups. to form They are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymers that absorb large amounts of water and swell to form a solid gel while maintaining their physical structure without dissolving. Due to their high potential for effective removal of heavy metals and dyes, they are very suitable for water and wastewater treatment. This article discusses recent advances in water and wastewater treatment by hydrogels and the selectivity, efficiency and reusability of hydrogels in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Efficacy of Sodium Bentonite, Esterified Glucomannan and Humic Acid to counteract the effects of Aflatoxicosis on renal pathological changes and serum biochemical parameters in Broilers
حسن Ghahri A.H Soleymannezhad داریوش Mohajeri افشین ZakeriThis study was conducted to evaluate the renal pathological changes and serum biochemical parameters in broilers fed a diet containing low-levels (254 ppb) of aflatoxin (AF) and adsorbents until 35 days of age. Seven-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one o MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the renal pathological changes and serum biochemical parameters in broilers fed a diet containing low-levels (254 ppb) of aflatoxin (AF) and adsorbents until 35 days of age. Seven-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of the nine dietary treatments with four replicates of 12 chicks each. Treatments were: 1) control; 2) naturally AF contaminated diet (NCD); 3,4,5,6 and 7) NCD supplemented with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%, humic acid (HA) respectively; 8 and 9) NCD supplemented with 0.5% sodium bentonite (SB) and 0.1% esterified glucomannan (E-GM), respectively. Blood samples were taken on the 35th day of the study and the phosphorus, calcium, urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels in serum were analyzed. When the chicks reached 35 days of age, the feeding trial was terminated and 12 broilers from each treatment were selected at random and were killed for pathological examination. Microscopically, the kidney in chickens fed diet containing 254ppb AF showed significant lesions, compared to control. At the end of the study, it was determined that aflatoxin caused a decrease in BUN and an increase in phosphorous levels. The addition of HA and E-GM to NCD decreased both the alterations of serum biochemical parameters and the severity of lesions in the kidney. These results clearly demonstrated that histological lesions and serum biochemical changes were observed in chickens fed a diet containing 254ppb AF and that addition of dietary E-GM and HA is effective in counteracting the toxic effects of naturally contaminated feed with mycotoxins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Synthesis of the Nano structured Zinc Oxide Using the Soft template of Cylea barbata miers Extract and its Promising Property for Dye Adsorbent
Oman Zuas Anis Kristiani Agus Haryono -
Open Access Article
22 - Heavy metals removal from wastewater by using different kinds of magnetite nanoadsorbents: effects of different organic and inorganic coatings on the removal of copper and lead ions
Hadi Baseri saeed Tizro -
Open Access Article
23 - Synthesis of NiFe2O4/sawdust nanocomposite for oil-water separation
Azita Seyed Shariatdoost Mohammad Yousefi pirouz derakhshi Aliakbar Safekordi kambiz larijani -
Open Access Article
24 - Synthesis of NiFe2O4/sawdust nanocomposite for oil-water separation
Azita Seyed Shariatdoost Mohammad Yousefi Pirouz Derakhshi Aliakbar Safekordi Kambiz Larijani -
Open Access Article
25 - Removal of Cd2+ and Zn2+ from industrial wastes using novel magnetic N2,N6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide nanoadsorbent
Kiomars Zargoosh Mohammad Rasoul Sohrabi Amir Abdolmaleki Kourosh Firouz -
Open Access Article
26 - ارزیابی تأثیر جاذبهای مختلف سرب بر فراسنجههای تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
س. آزادبخت ع.ا. خادم م.ع. نوروزیانجهت ارزیابی کارایی چند جاذب سرب، از روش آزمون گاز استفاده شد. مایع شکمبه حاصل از گوسفندان فیستوله شده به همراه 2/0 ± 200 میلیگرم جیره آزمایشی انکوبه شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) شاهد (بدون سرب و جاذب)، 2) 15 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک استات سرب و بدون جاذب 3 Moreجهت ارزیابی کارایی چند جاذب سرب، از روش آزمون گاز استفاده شد. مایع شکمبه حاصل از گوسفندان فیستوله شده به همراه 2/0 ± 200 میلیگرم جیره آزمایشی انکوبه شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) شاهد (بدون سرب و جاذب)، 2) 15 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک استات سرب و بدون جاذب 3) 15 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک استات سرب و 3 درصد کربن فعال 4) 15 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک استات سرب و 3 درصد نانو رس و 5) 15 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک استات سرب و 3 درصد بنتونیت بودند. اضافه کردن سرب باعث کاهش میزان و نرخ تولید گاز در تمام زمانهای انکوباسیون شد (01/0>P). میزان و نرخ تولید گاز در تیمار نانوکلی نسبت به سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود (05/0>P). افزودن سرب به محیط انکوباسیون باعث کاهش قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم و انرژی خالص و تولید اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر شد (01/0>P). در بین جاذبهای مختلف نانو رس تأثیر بیشتری بر فراسنجههای تخمیر شکمبه داشت و توانست نرخ و میزان تولید گاز را بیشتر افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - تأثیرات جاذبهای مختلف سموم بر میزان دیازینون باقیمانده در تفاله انگور سفید، تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در بزهای شیرده مهابادی
ب. پورمحمود ر. پیرمحمدی ح. خلیلوندی بهروزیارامروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین حال باصرفهترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باندکننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب&r Moreامروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین حال باصرفهترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باندکننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب‏های مختلف سموم (مایکوفیکس پلاس-بیوتوکس-بیو‏اسید) بر میزان سم دیازینون باقیمانده در تفاله انگور و اثرات آنها بر تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در شیر انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه از 20 رأس بز شیرده نژاد مهابادی با 4 تیمار آزمایشی و 5 تکرار در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. میزان تولید شیر به صورت معنیداری تحت تأثیر جاذب‏های بیوتوکس و مایکوفیکس پلاس قرار گرفت (05/0P<). جاذب‏ها نقش مثبت و معنی‏داری در کاهش سم دیازینون خوراک داشتند (05/0P<). در عین حال جاذب بیوتوکس در جیره‏های غذایی با سطوح بالای تفاله انگور بیشترین کاهش سم دیازینون را داشت. میزان سم دیازینون انتقالیافته به شیر تحت تأثیر تیمار بیوتوکس و بیو‏اسید کاهش معنی‏داری داشت (05/0P<) و کمتر از استاندارد بینالمللی باقیمانده دیازینون در شیر بود.به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات جاذب سموم در جیره‏های دارای سطوح بالای تفاله انگور مقادیر سم دیازینون را کاهش داده و علاوه بر تضمین سلامتی و افزایش کارایی تولید شیر، سبب تولید محصول سالم‏تری می‏گردد. در این تحقیق بیشترین تأثیر در کاهش دیازینون باقیمانده در شیر در جاذب بیوتوکس و بیواسید بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Synthesis and characterization of magnetic graphene nano-adsorbent stabilized on polymer nylon 6 and its application for removal of lead (II) ions contaminant form aqueous solution
سید یدالله میر نظامی مهران دولو محمودرضا سهرابی مرتضی خسروی فرشته مطیعیIn this research, the magnetic graphene nanoparticle )GM( was synthesized and stabilized on nylon-6. The purpose of its synthesis is to remove lead ions )II( contaminant from the aqueous solution. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using X-ray diffraction anal MoreIn this research, the magnetic graphene nanoparticle )GM( was synthesized and stabilized on nylon-6. The purpose of its synthesis is to remove lead ions )II( contaminant from the aqueous solution. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis )XRD(, scanning electron microscope )SEM(, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry )FT-IR(, and surface area determination )BET(. In order to optimize the removal of Pb)II( ions from the aqueous solution the graphene was converted from two-dimensional to three-dimensional structure by using nylon-6 as substract to increase the surface area of the graphene and consequently increase the adsorbent efficiency. Another advantage of the absorbent is its magnetic effect that allows adsorption of the contaminant and its easy separation by an external magnet. The influence of experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration of lead ions (II) solution, and solution temperature on the removal efficiency were investigated. At optimal conditions the removal efficiency of lead ions (II) achieved by adsorbent was 95%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Review and Modelling of Hexavalent Chromium Removal Efficiency of Bio-Sorption and Activated Carbon for Waste Water Treatment
Desalegn Akuma Abraham Bayu Temesgen Amibo -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigation of Soybean Oil Bleaching by Using Walnut Shell
Zeynab Forouzan Sepehr Maryam Gharachorloo Shima Yousefi -
Open Access Article
31 - Removal of Blue 56 by Orange Peel from the Waste Water
M. R. Fat’hi A. Zolfi -
Open Access Article
32 - Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Polluted Waters by Using of Low Cost Adsorbents: Review
M. Ghaedi N. Mosallanejad -
Open Access Article
33 - Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutions of Aspirin and Atrazine from Waste Water Using Carbo Nanotubes
Farzaneh Rezaei Ranjbar Farhad Khamchin Moghadam -
Open Access Article
34 - The Adsorption of Malachite Green from Industrial Wastewater by Oxidized Black Tea Adsorbent
Saba S.M AL-Obaidy Ahmed S. Farhood Ahmed A. Alkarimi Luma A. M. Ali Noor H. AL-Mamoori Dakhil N. Taha -
Open Access Article
35 - A Comparative Study of the Adsorption Capacity of Tea Leaves and Orange Peel for the Removal of Fe (III) Ion from Wastewater
Kazi Mamun Nirob Saha Sumon Chakrabarty -
Open Access Article
36 - The Evaluation and Comparison of Single- and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water
Seyyedeh Sepideh Feyz Farhad Khamchin Moghadam -
Open Access Article
37 - Effectiveness of Sequential Pre-treatment and Application of High-porosity Hybrid Fly Ash Geopolymer/alginate Adsorbent for the Treatment of Batik Wastewater
Siti Mazatul Azwa Saiyed Mohd Nurddin Suriati Sufian Zakaria Man Nurul Ekmi Rabat Nazwin Ahmad -
Open Access Article
38 - Synthesis of (CZTS) Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method for Solar Cell Application
Mahnaz karbassi Saeid Baghshahi Nastaran Riahi Noori Roozbeh Siavash MoakharTraditional photovoltaic devices for replacing fossil fuels have problems, including high construction and installation costs. Hence, there is now more focus on the new generation of solar cells, including solar tiles with higher efficiency and lower const. Due to the e MoreTraditional photovoltaic devices for replacing fossil fuels have problems, including high construction and installation costs. Hence, there is now more focus on the new generation of solar cells, including solar tiles with higher efficiency and lower const. Due to the emergence of nanolayers and the extensive advances in the selection of raw materials and devices for the application of this type of layers, in the present study, the preparation and achievement of optimal conditions for the main layer of solar tile has been considered. The best sample containing adsorbent layer film ink was obtained from CZTS and was made by solothermal method at 550 ºC. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analysis, phase studies of the synthesized samples as well as the identification of functional groups in the compounds were performed. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the surface morphology and the microstructure of the prepared inks. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to analyze the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. XRD analysis showed the formation of pure cassiterite as well as the presence of secondary phases of CZTS in some samples. and the results were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. In the studies, the sample synthesized at 550 ºC with crystalline structure of cassiterite with suitable peak intensities was selected as the most suitable sample. FESEM microscopy showed that all samples of CZTS nanoparticles had a petal-like shape and with increasing temperature the petals bended. Finally the best conditions for the homogeneity of the morphological particles of the sample were observed at 550 ºC. Also, based on the results of the EDS, the sample with the highest weight percentage of copper and the lowest weight percentage of sulfur had priority in terms of application in solar cell structures, such characteristics were observed in the sample synthesized at 550 ºC. UV-Vis results showed that the optical cleavage band of CZTS nanoparticles in the best sample was 1.49 eV. In general, the results of the studies in this work showed the appropriateness of the solothermal synthesis method and also the effect of temperature on the final characteristics of the thin film, including the type of structure, morphology, transmition and energy bandgap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Functionalization and stable synthesis of PET-AuNPs nanocomposites by sonochemistry and electrochemical quantitative and qualitative studies with modified AuNPs-PET / CNT / Au electrode
Javad Moradpour Hossein Peyman Hamideh RoshanfekrPolyethylene terephthalate is used in various industries, but due to the lack of functional groups on the surface, it is limited in use and needs surface modification to improve the application. In this study, the surface of PET fibers was first functionalized with carb MorePolyethylene terephthalate is used in various industries, but due to the lack of functional groups on the surface, it is limited in use and needs surface modification to improve the application. In this study, the surface of PET fibers was first functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. Then, in an alkaline medium, gold nanoparticles were synthesized sonochemically on their surface, and the effect of parameters affecting the size and density of nanoparticles was investigated and optimized (temperature, power of ultrasonic device, and pH). The ability of PET-AuNPs nanocomposites to remove industrial dyes from the environment was used, and the removal and measurement of methyl orange dye from aqueous media were used. The effect of initial dye concentration, time, and pH was investigated and optimized. In quantitative electrochemical dye measurements, the modified AuNPs-PET / CNT / Au electrode had a linear response in the range of 20 to 60 μM. The detection limit of this electrode was 55 μM, and the effect of potential scanning speed on peak flow and the effect of solution pH were investigated. Adsorption equation studies have shown that adsorption follows the obedience isotherm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Synthesis of novel DFNS/btb/Sn nanoadsorbent and its effect on color removal in industrial wastewater
Fatemeh Amarloo Rahele Zhiani Alireza Motavalizadehkakhky Malihesadat HosseinyThe increase in population and the expansion of industries and technological progress are the factors that have caused an increase in water consumption and wastewater production and environmental pollution and forced investment into treatment. In this research, the colo MoreThe increase in population and the expansion of industries and technological progress are the factors that have caused an increase in water consumption and wastewater production and environmental pollution and forced investment into treatment. In this research, the color absorption capability in the presence of Sn NPs stably placed on the surface of dendritic fibrous nanosilica by 1,3-bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyloxy)benzene (DFNS/btb/Sn) can be considered a suitable option in industries and wastewater treatment due to its physical and chemical structure. The adsorption properties of the nanocomposite were investigated. SEM, TEM, and XRD analyzes were carried out to confirm the nanoadsorbent after the confirmation of the nanoadsorbent synthesis was obtained. Its industrial application was investigated in the removal of dye from the textile factory effluent. Reactive red dye 198 was removed from textile wastewater and the best removal efficiencies of 93, 92.2, and 90.5 percent were obtained for the initial dye concentration of 20, 40, and 60 mg/L, respectively, at optimal pH=5 and reaction time of 45 minutes. To determine the type of adsorption isotherm, Langmuir, Nernst and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used by DFNS/btb/Sn nanoadsorbent, and the results show that the adsorption behavior follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. In addition, the recyclability of DFNS/btb/Sn was easily separated from the solution and reused ten times. This research can be used as an effective option for the final treatment of wastewater containing low to medium concentrations of dyes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation of new integrated photo-catalyst adsorbent for removal of haloacetonitriles from water
Ehsan Ghorban Nezhad Behrooz Mahmoodzadeh VaziriIn this study, a new integrated photo-catalyst adsorbent is prepared to degrade the harmful organic compounds of water in the presence of light irradiation. A citric acid assisted sol-gel method was employed to perovskite MoTiO3/GO nanocomposites preparation. The charac MoreIn this study, a new integrated photo-catalyst adsorbent is prepared to degrade the harmful organic compounds of water in the presence of light irradiation. A citric acid assisted sol-gel method was employed to perovskite MoTiO3/GO nanocomposites preparation. The characteristics of the samples were performed by SEM, BET, FTIR and XRD analysis. Results showed that the synthesized MoTiO3 nanoparticles with average size of 26 nm were successfully deposited onto the graphene oxide (GO) adsorbent. Increasing the content of GO up to 1.5 wt.% in nanocomposite has an increasing effect on specific surface area. MoTiO3/GO photocatalytic activity was investigated by the haloacetonitriles (HANs) decomposition under UV irradiation. The MoTiO3/(GO,1.5wt.%) nanocomposite displayed significant HANs removal capability up to 98.24% and excellent photocatalytic activity after 120 minutes of UV irradiation. Therefore, it can be said that the MoTiO3/GO is a potential photo-catalyst for effective wastewater treatment of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and future industrial applications. Manuscript profile
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