The Adsorption of Malachite Green from Industrial Wastewater by Oxidized Black Tea Adsorbent

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Saba S.M AL-Obaidy ¹ , Ahmed S. Farhood ² , Ahmed A. Alkarimi ³ , Luma A. M. Ali ⁴ , Noor H. AL-Mamoori ⁵ , Dakhil N. Taha ⁶

1 - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
2 - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
3 - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
4 - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
5 - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
6 - Specialized Medical Sciences, University College of Al-Amal, Karbala, Iraq

Received: 2023-10-29 Accepted : 2024-01-02 Published : 2024-03-01

Keywords: Adsorption, Isotherm, Low-cost adsorbent, MG dye,

Abstract :

An Eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent surface was prepared from oxidized black tea leaves for adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) dye by batch equilibrium adsorption technique and investigated the optimum conditions that include dose of adsorbent, contact time, adsorbent particle size, pH, and initial concentration of the dye. All adsorption measurements were performed using spectrophotometry at 618 nm, the maximum wavelength of MG. Maximal adsorption was obtained at 1.0 g of oxidized black tea leaves with a contact time of 120 min. The optimal pH was 8. The maximum adsorption capacity was 97.8 mg g^-1. The physic processes were used to prepare the adsorbent surface from oxidized black tea leaves. These included boiling the oxidized black tea leaves for 10 hours using distilled water, filtering, washing, and drying at 80°C. Physic preparation gave a suitable surface for the adsorption process. The adsorption of MG on the surface of tea leaves obeyed the Freundlich and Langmuir equations in adsorption. Isotherm parameters of Freundlich and Langmuir modules were estimated.

References:

1. Kandisa R.V., Saibaba K.N., Shaik K.B., Gopinath R., 2016. Dye removal by adsorption: a review. Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation. 7(6), 371-378.


2. Bożęcka A., Orlof-Naturalna M., Kopeć M., 2021. Methods of dyes removal from aqueous environment. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 22(9), 11-120.


3. Tewari K., Singhal G., Arya R. K., 2018. Adsorption removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. Reviews in Chemical Engineering. 34(3), 427-453.


4. Mandal P., Debbarma J., Saha M., 2023. Critical Review on the Photodegradation Ability of Graphene and its derivatives against Malachite Green, Methylene Blue, and Methyl Orange. Appl NanoBioScience. 12, 6.


5. Wang L., Wang J., Yu A., Yu Z., 2022. Removal of malachite green by electrochemical oxidation polymerization and electrochemical reduction precipitation: its kinetics and intermediates. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 26 (10), 2231-2246.


6. Mussa Z.H., Al-Qaim F.F., Yuzir A., Shameli K., 2021. Photocatalytic Removal of Malachite Green and Brilliant Blue Dyes from its Aqueous Solution: A Case Study of Factorial Experimental Design. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society. 65(2), 247-255.


7. Idriss H., Alakhras A., 2020. Clean up of malachite green dye in aqueous solution using ZnO nanopowder. Journal of Optoelectronic and Biomedical Materials. 12(4), 109-119.


8. Amiri-Hosseini S., Hashempour Y., 2021. Photocatalytic removal of Malachite green dye from aqueous solutions by nano-composites containing titanium dioxide: A systematic review. Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal. 8(4), 295-302.


9. Rial J.B., Ferreira M.L., 2021. Challenges of dye removal treatments based on IONzymes: Beyond heterogeneous Fenton. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 41, 102065.


10. Chai W.S., Cheun J.Y., Kumar P.S., Mubashir M., Majeed Z., Banat F., Ho S.H., Show P.L., 2021. A review on conventional and novel materials towards heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment application. Journal of Cleaner Production. 296, 126589.


11. Getaye M., Hagos S., Alemu Y., Tamene Z., Yadav O., 2017. Removal of malachite green from contaminated water using electro-coagulation technique. J Anal Pharm Res. 6(4), 00184.


12. Saber-Tehrani M., Hashemi-Moghaddam H., Givianrad M.H., Abroomand-Azar P., 2006. Methylmercury determination in biological samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after acid leaching extraction. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 386, 1407-1412.


13. Teixeira Y., Melo R., Fernandes M., Carmo S., Neto E.B., 2022. Malachite green removal using ionic flocculation. Water Practice & Technology. 17(5), 1113-1128.


14. Mashkoor F., Nasar A., 2020. Magsorbents: Potential candidates in wastewater treatment technology–A review on the removal of methylene blue dye. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 500, 166408.


15. Ashraf M.W., Abulibdeh N., Salam A., 2019. Selective removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions by supported liquid membrane technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16(18), 3484.


16. Aigbe U.O., Osibote O.A., 2020. A review of hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions by sorption technique using nanomaterials. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 8(6), 104503.


17. Hashemi-Moghaddam H., Panahi H. A., Nezhati M. N., 2009. Synthesis and application of new resin functionalized by brilliant green for spectrophotometric determination of mercury in environmental samples. Analytical Letters. 42(12), 1911-1922.


18. Alshabib M., 2022. Removal of naphthalene from wastewaters by adsorption: a review of recent studies. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 19(5), 4555-4586.


19. Yagub M.T., Sen T.K., Afroze S., Ang H.M., 2014. Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 209, 172-184.


20. Shetty B., Yashodha S., Johns J., 2023. A Green Approach to the Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Medium Using Chitosan/Cellulose Blend. Fibers and Polymers. 24(4), 1297-1307.


21. Fadhel O.H., Eisa M.Y., Zair Z.R., 2021. Decolorizing of Malachite Green Dye by Adsorption Using Corn Leaves as Adsorbent Material. Journal of Engineering. 27(2), 1-12.


22. Fiala H., Bendjeffal H., Achraf H., Amina L., Yamina B., Zhour H., Abdelhak G., 2021. Removal of Malachite Green Dye From Aqueous Media using Helianthus Annuus Seeds Shells as Eco-Friendly Adsorbent: Optimization, Equilibrium, and Kinetic Studies. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 25(6), 16488-16510.


23. Karnakanti S., 2021. Adsorption Kinetics of Malachite Green Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution by using Banana Stem. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology. 10(5) 215-220


24. Ullah S., Ur Rahman A., Ullah F., Rashid A., Arshad T., Viglašová E., Galamboš M., Mahmoodi N. M., Ullah H., 2021. Adsorption of malachite green dye onto mesoporous natural inorganic clays: Their equilibrium isotherm and kinetics studies. Water. 13(7), 965.


25. Abate G.Y., Alene A.N., Habte A.T., Getahun D.M., 2020. Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution onto activated carbon of Catha edulis stem as a low cost bio-adsorbent. Environmental Systems Research. 9(1), 1-13.


26. Samaka I.S., 2014. Removal of basic Red 2 from industrial effluents using natural Iraqi material. Civil Environ Res. 6(7), 138-148.


27. Sartape A.S., Mandhare A.M., Jadhav V.V., Raut P.D., Anuse M.A., Kolekar S.S., 2017. Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution with adsorption technique using Limonia acidissima (wood apple) shell as low cost adsorbent. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 10, S3229-S3238.


28. Oyelude E.O., Awudza J.A., Twumasi S.K., 2018. Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution using pulverized teak leaf litter: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chemistry Central Journal. 12(1), 1-10.


29. Taha D.N., Samaka I.S., Mohammed L.A., Naize A., 2014. Adsorption studies of direct red 28 dye onto activated carbon prepared from low cost material. Civil and Environmental Research. 6(7), 149-159.


30. Banerjee S., Sharma G.C., Gautam R.K., Chattopadhyaya M., Upadhyay S.N., Sharma Y.C., 2016. Removal of Malachite Green, a hazardous dye from aqueous solutions using Avena sativa (oat) hull as a potential adsorbent. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 213, 162-172.


31. Ma Y., Ni M., Li S., 2018. Optimization of malachite green removal from water by TiO₂ nanoparticles under UV irradiation. Nanomaterials. 8(6), 428.


32. De Marco C., Mauler R., Daitx T., Krindges I., Cemin A., Bonetto L., Crespo J., Guégan R., Carli L., Giovanela M., 2020. Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions by a magnetic adsorbent. Separation Science and Technology. 55(6), 1089-1101.


33. Soni A., Jha S.K., 2017. Smartphone based non-invasive salivary glucose biosensor. Analytica Chimica Acta. 996, 54-63.


34. Lesbani A., Taher T., Palapa N.R., Mohadi R., Mardiyanto M., Miksusanti M., Arsyad F.S., 2021. Removal of malachite green dye using keggin polyoxometalate intercalated ZnAl layered double hydroxide. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST). 18 (10), 9414.


35. Ghaedi M., Dashtian K., Ghaedi A., Dehghanian N., 2016. A hybrid model of support vector regression with genetic algorithm for forecasting adsorption of malachite green onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes: central composite design optimization. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 18(19), 13310-13321.


36. Tian L., Zhang J., Shi H., Li N., Ping Q., 2016. Adsorption of malachite green by diatomite: equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 37(7), 1059-1066.


37. Ghaedi M., Azad F.N., Dashtian K., Hajati S., Goudarzi A., Soylak M., 2016. Central composite design and genetic algorithm applied for the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted removal of malachite green by ZnO Nanorod-loaded activated carbon. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 167, 157-164.


38. Lv G.Y., Cheng J.H., Chen X.Y., Zhang Z.F., Fan L.F., 2013. Biological decolorization of malachite green by Deinococcus radiodurans R1. Bioresource technology. 144, 275-280.