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Open Access Article
1 - مطالعه پاتولوژیک پنومونی بینابینی در گوسفندان کشتاری استان تهران
فرهنگ ساسانی امیر علی رئیسی مهدی مقدم -
Open Access Article
2 - Survey Genotyping of Animal and Human Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates using ERIC-PCR and evaluation of Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern
Estabraghi, E., Zahraei Salehi, T.*, Amini, K., Jamshidian, M. .Klebsiella pneumoniae, is an opportunistic pathogens and cause infections in humans and animals. Drug resistant K. pneumoniae is rising. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing before prescribing antibiotics, it seems necessary. The aim of present study was to s MoreKlebsiella pneumoniae, is an opportunistic pathogens and cause infections in humans and animals. Drug resistant K. pneumoniae is rising. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing before prescribing antibiotics, it seems necessary. The aim of present study was to survey typing of clinical and animal K. pneumoniae isolates and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility. A total 100 clinical and animal K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Babak city. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed with Kirby-Bauer method according to CLSI guidelines. Then, DNA genomic extraction was done using DNA kit and PCR amplification was performed with ERIC1 and ERIC2 primer. Our results were shown that all strains (100%) were resistant to the ampicillin and amikacin antibiotics. The most and least resistance belong to tetracycline (53 strains; 88.3%) and imipenem (8 isolates; 13.3%), respectively. The results of cluster analysis and drawing dendrogram based on genetic similarities for 100 isolates was separated to seventeen distinct groups. According to our finding indicated an increasing resistance to antibiotics amongst K. pneumoniae. Additionally, the ERIC sequences have a pair of games that contain highly reversed and central reps and are located in the outermost regions of the bacterial genome and have less complexity in determining the genetic diversity of all isolates, but the separation good at the strain level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - بررسی وجود ژن‌های مقاوم به کلسیتین(mcr- pmr) در کلبسیلاپنومونیه جداشده از شیر خام با روش Multiplex-PCR
Maleki, N. ملکی , K Amini , G Javadiکلبسیلا پنومونیه باکتری گرم منفی روده­ای است که سبب عفونت­های بیمارستانی می­شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی ژنوتیپی ژن‌های مقاوم به کلسیتین (mcr- pmr) در کلبسیلا پنومونیه جداشده از شیر خام با روش Multiplex-PCR است.از 220 تانک نگهداری شیر خام در مراکز نگهد Moreکلبسیلا پنومونیه باکتری گرم منفی روده­ای است که سبب عفونت­های بیمارستانی می­شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی ژنوتیپی ژن‌های مقاوم به کلسیتین (mcr- pmr) در کلبسیلا پنومونیه جداشده از شیر خام با روش Multiplex-PCR است.از 220 تانک نگهداری شیر خام در مراکز نگهداری شیر در سال 1397 در تهران نمونه‌برداری صورت گرفت. سویه‌های کلبسیلا پنومونیه با استفاده از آزمون‌های روتین بیوشیمیایی و میکروبیولوژیکی استاندارد شناسایی شدند.استخراج ‏DNA‏ طبق دستورالعمل کیت تجاری مرکز ملی ذخایر ژنتیکی و زیستی ایران (‏MBK0041‎‏) انجام شد. بعد از انجام آزمون ‏PCR‏ در دستگاه ترموسایکلر جهت بررسی حضور ژن‌های mcr وpmr محصول نمونه‌ها بر روی ژل آگارز 1% انتقال داده‌شده و با اتیدیوم‌بروماید رنگ‌آمیزی و سپس در دستگاه ژل داک موردبررسی قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه به بررسی فنوتیپی و ژنوتیپی دو ژن mcr و pmr، در 60 جدایه باکتری کلبسیلا پنومونیه پرداخته شد. در این میان ژن mcr با فراوانی 11، (3/18%) و ژن Pmr با فراوانی 7، (6/11 %) گزارش شد. ردیابی دو ژن موردمطالعه با روش مالتیپلکس PCR انجام شد که به نظر می‌رسد این اولین موردمطالعه بر روی شیر و بررسی دو ژن mcr، pmrباشد، که در ایران از نمونه‌های شیر جداسازی شده از تانک نگهداری شیر در دامداری‌های صنعتی از باکتری کلبسیلا پنومونیه صورت گرفته است، و دو ژن مذکور به‌عنوان مارکر اصلی شناسایی شدند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Klebsiella Pneumoniae from Patients in Qaem Teaching Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Ali Shamsazar Arshid Yousefi-Avarvand Farzad KhademiKlebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile and capsular gram-negative bacillus. It is one of the most important human pathogens and is an important factor in causing nosocomial infections. The bacterium is inherently resistant to a number of antimicrobial agen MoreKlebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile and capsular gram-negative bacillus. It is one of the most important human pathogens and is an important factor in causing nosocomial infections. The bacterium is inherently resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients referred to Ghaem hospital in Mashhad. A total of 274 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected from April to October 2013 from Qaem teaching hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Identification of these isolates was performed using microbiological methods such as hot staining and differential media. Modified disk diffusion method (MDDM) was used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotics amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxazine, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. In this study 175 isolates (87.63%) were from urine sample and 99 isolates (13.36%) were from different samples (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, ulcer, ascites, and secretions). Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin antibiotics were 71.46%, 9.56%, 3.39% and 30%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to different antibiotics is higher than previous studies. Further studies in this area could help guide us to better understand the antibiotic resistance of these infectious bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - شناسایی پنومونی مانهیمیازیس در بز با استفاده از روش های ایمنوهیستوشیمی، باکتریولوژی و هیستوپاتولوژی
کیوان جمشیدی -
Open Access Article
6 - بررسی میزان فراوانی مایکوپلاسما آرژینینی در ریه شتران مبتلا به پنومونی، ذبح شده در کشتارگاه صنعتی مشهد
مریم ایزدی جعفر نوید مهر مصطفی جعفرپور سعید زیبایی -
Open Access Article
7 - مطالعه ایمنوهیستوشیمی ویروس سنسیشیال تنفسی (RSV) در ریه بزهای مبتلا به پنومونی
کیوان جمشیدی اوزلم اوزمن -
Open Access Article
8 - بررسی میزان مس و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در خون گوسفندان مبتلا به پنومونی تب دار ارجاعی به کلینیک دام های بزرگ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز
امیر پرویز رضایی صابر یوسف داوودی محسن قوامی نثر -
Open Access Article
9 - بررسی نقش احتمالی مانهمیا همولیتیکا در موارد پنومونی گوسفند در منطقه گرمسار
علیرضا قدردان مشهدی مهدی عسکری بدوئی حسین صفری دستجرده ئی ایرج اشرافی تمای -
Open Access Article
10 - ESBL prevalence and molecular characterization of beta-lactamase gene blaTEM in urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Qom
منصوره نرگسیان Mohsen Zargar Mahmoud SaffariKlebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are a MoreKlebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are associated with prevalence of diseases and increase healthcare costs associated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genes blaTEM isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Qom.After identification of isolates using culture and biochemical methods, 140 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified. The sensitivity of the isolates to different antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method based on the standard (CLSI2013). The phenotypic confirmatory test ESBL strains have done followed by PCR method to detection of blaTEM gene. Out of 300 samples, 140 isolate identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae that 52 (%37.14) isolates were ESBL. The most antibiotic resistance was related to ceftazidime (%50.72). Out of 52 ESBL positive strains, 32 (61.53%) strains were shown to have blaTEM gene.Considering the high prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates in hospitals, early detection and follow-up to prevent the spread of resistant isolates it all the more essential. It must also change in the pattern of antibiotics, hospital infection control measures are highly recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern in different serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospital infections in Zarinshahr
Zohreh Paknejad Hassan Momtaz Elahe TajbakhshBackground & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determ MoreBackground & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the most common capsule types of this bacterium in Zarinshahr city of Isfahan. Material and Methods: 29 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in patients admitted to different parts of Zarinshahr Hospital in summer 2016 to summer 2017 were selected. After confirmation of phenotypic and genotype and determination of capsule types in them, antibiotic resistance pattern in isolates was determined using Kirby-bauer method, according to the CLSI standard, on the Muller Hinton Agar, 13 antibiotics were determined. Frequency of antibiotic resistance gene encoding genes including tetA, cmlA, Cat1, blaSHV, sul1, aac (3) -IV, aadA 1, qnr CITM, dfrA1, and tetB genes in isolates was determined by PCR method. Results & Conclusion: Serotype K2 with 74.51% frequency was the most commonly known capsule serotype known in isolates. All isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance and in addition to penicillin, their antibiotic resistance was the highest (10.93%) and tetracycline (44.30%) respectively. The tetA and sul1 genes with the frequency of 86.75% and 41.72% were the most common, and the two cat1 and cm1A genes with a frequency of 89.60% and 44.10% were the least common antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urinary tract infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - To evaluate the effect of iron nanoparticles on expression of TEM and SHV genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples using Real Time PCR
najmeh tahmasebi babak kheirkhahBackground: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a germ-negative pathogen and a common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The purpose of this study was to eval MoreBackground: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a germ-negative pathogen and a common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron nanoparticles on expression of TEM and SHV genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples using Real- Time PCR. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from patients admitted to the intensive care unit of hospitals in Kerman on 6 months. The isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae, based on the biochemical tests embedded in the API-20E system. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. For molecular identification of TEM and SHV genes, PCR was performed. To determine the effect of iron nanoparticles on the strains, a dilution broth method was used according to CLSI standard and finally, Real-Time PCR was performed. Results: In this study, 46 isolates were positive for ESBL producing phenotypes. In the 46 isolates of ESBL producing, 48% (22 cases) had the SHV gene , 13% (6 cases) had the TEM gene and 39% (18 cases) had both SHV + TEM genes. Iron nanoparticles could degrade the expression of TEM and SHV genes in the clinical medium in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: Due to the effectiveness of iron nanoparticles on positive beta-lactamases Klebsiellas, can use iron nanoparticles as a medicine dose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Determination of the frequency of oqxA gene in Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from infections in a lab in Tehran
شهلا محمد گنجی fatemeh Ashrafi seyed moein hosseiniزمینه: مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی همواره به عنوان یک مشکل جدی برای سلامت انسان مطرح می باشد. یکی از باکتریهای مطرح در این بین کلبسیلا پنومونیه می باشد که متاسفانه نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک ها مقاومت زیادی را از خود نشان می دهد. پمپ oqxAB یکی از مهمترین مکانیسم های مقاومت به آنتی بیو Moreزمینه: مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی همواره به عنوان یک مشکل جدی برای سلامت انسان مطرح می باشد. یکی از باکتریهای مطرح در این بین کلبسیلا پنومونیه می باشد که متاسفانه نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک ها مقاومت زیادی را از خود نشان می دهد. پمپ oqxAB یکی از مهمترین مکانیسم های مقاومت به آنتی بیوتیکی در این دسته از باکتریها است. هدف از این بررسی، مطالعه وجود ژن oqxA در کلبسیلا پنومونیه جداشده از عفونت های مجاری ادراری و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی آنها در یکی از آزمایشگاه های تهران می باشد. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه، نمونه برداری از 250 بیمار سرپایی مراجعه کننده به یکی از آزمایشگاه های استان تهران انجام شد و به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. پس از کشت، 100 باکتری کلبسیلا پنومونیه شناسایی و جداسازی شد. DNA توسط کیت سیناژن استخراج و فراوانی ژن oqxA با روش PCR بررسی شد. نتایج: نتایج حاصل از تستهای میکروبی و بیوشیمیایی نشان داد که جدایه ها همگی کلبسیلا پنومونیه بود. نتایج حاصل از PCR نشان داد که از بین 100 جدایه ی کلبسیلا پنومونیه، 50 % از نمونه ها دارای ژن oqxAبود. بحث: پمپ های افلاکس OqxAB یکی از راه های مقابله با مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی است که اهمیت زیادی دارد. زیرا در صورت عدم کنترل کلبسیلا پنومونیه های مقاوم به دارو، مشکلات جسمی، و اقتصادی زیادی به بیماران و سیستم سلامت تحمیل می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Molecular Identification of the TEM and CTX Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Clinical Samples of Hospitals in Iranshahr City
Mahnaz Thaghimosleh laleh khajehkarimaldiniBackground: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen and common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The aim of this study was to molecular MoreBackground: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen and common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The aim of this study was to molecular identification of TEM and CTX genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples of hospitals in Iranshahr city. Materials and Methods: 50 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae within 6 months, were collected from patients admitted to the intensive care unit of hospitals in Iranshahr. The isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae based on biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. To molecular identification of TEM and CTX genes, PCR was performed. Results: Based on the results of PCR, 43 (86%) of the samples had phenotypic ESBL enzymes, 20 (47%) had CTX gene, 8 (18%) had TEM gene, and 15 (34%) had Both the CTX and TEM genes. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high prevalence (P <0.05) of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL-resistant isolates in ICU patients, which emphasizes the appropriate policies for controlling infection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Examining the frequency and role of ompk35 and ompk36 genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with multidrug resistance
Yousef Alikhani Mohammad Reza Mehrabi Mohsen Mirzaei Reza YariObjective: Increasing antimicrobial resistance in thermonegative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family has become a global problem. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a thermonegative opportunistic pathogen that has been considered in causing a wide range of diseases and anti MoreObjective: Increasing antimicrobial resistance in thermonegative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family has become a global problem. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a thermonegative opportunistic pathogen that has been considered in causing a wide range of diseases and antibiotic resistance due to its various resistance mechanisms. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the presence and role of ompK35 and ompK36 genes in isolates of K. Pneumonia is resistant to several drugs. Materials and methods: 96 isolates were collected from patients referred to hospitals in Borujerd city in 2019 and were identified using differential tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disk diffusion method and identification of ompK35 and ompK36 genes using PCR. Findings: 82.12% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin antibiotic. The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin with resistance rate (38.9%). 28 isolates had multidrug resistance. ompK35 gene in 12.5% of K. pneumoniae and ompK36 gene were observed in 11.45% of clinical isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the absence of ompK35 and ompK36 genes plays a role in creating resistance to all kinds of antibiotics and it is necessary to pay attention to this issue in choosing antibiotics to treat and eliminate these isolates. Isolates lacking omk36 were more resistant to the studied antibiotics, especially gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, than isolates lacking ompk35 (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Immunogenical Evalution of PLGA Nanoparticles Contain Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1 Detoxified Lipopolysaccharide Antigen in Pulmonary Infection Model of BALB/C Mice
Parivash Ghaderinia reza shapoury Kobra Rostamizadeh Alireza Khodavandi Mehdi MahdaviInroduction & Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogenic bacterium in the genus Klebsiella. Every year, about 2 million children under the age of 5 die from pneumonia. Due to the acquired and inherent resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated agai MoreInroduction & Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogenic bacterium in the genus Klebsiella. Every year, about 2 million children under the age of 5 die from pneumonia. Due to the acquired and inherent resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated against a wide range of antibiotics, its control and treatment appear to be critical. The aim of the present study was to use Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in vaccine design the LPS antigen of Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1. So far, no work has been done on this strain of bacteria to make the PLGA-LPS vaccine. In the study, the results obtained from the tested mice showed that the mice were vaccinated. Immunized and titrated antibodies of IgM 315 cfu / well, IgG 321 cfu / well, and SIgA 365 cfu / well, elevated and in mice with invasion factor in patients and spleen and lung tissues, number of people compared to unvaccinated mice Is. Has gone to zero.Material and Method: In the present study, the LPS antigen was extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1 by centrifugation and detoxified with phenol.Then the LPS antigen was conjugated to polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to confirm conjugation with nanoparticles. To evaluate endotoxin of the vaccine designed Tested by Limolus amoebocyte lysate assay (LAL test). success of antigen and nanoparticles conjugates based on the size and charge of antigen-containing nanoparticles was confirmed by the zetasizer.Results: FT-IR results the shape of the corresponding peaks confirmed the presence of antigen-functional groups in the nanoparticle structure and the formation of bonds. AFM microscopic images of nanoparticles containing LPS antigen and nanoparticles before conjugation showed an increase in the binding sites of nanoparticles after conjugated. Change from initial sharpness to puffiness after conjugation proved the success of antigen transport by nanoparticles. Fever was not observed in rabbits and mortality was confirmed in BALB/C mice.Conclusion: The results showed that the vaccine was effective in immunogenicity and therefore suggested as a candidate for an effective vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 alginate conjugate and diphtheria toxoid in BALB/C mouse model
Bahram Sanati Monfared Reza ShapouriInroduction & Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the infectious pathogenic bacteria in humans. It is considered the cause of pneumonia. It is colonized in the respiratory system of susceptible people such as immunocompromised and AIDS patients and causes MoreInroduction & Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the infectious pathogenic bacteria in humans. It is considered the cause of pneumonia. It is colonized in the respiratory system of susceptible people such as immunocompromised and AIDS patients and causes chronic and treatment-resistant infections. The aim of the present study is to prepare a vaccine with a conjugated antigen combination and with the ability to induce antibodies and memory immunity experimentally against Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 in the BALB/C mouse model. Material and Methods: Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 strain was cultured in Mueller Hinton agar and at the end of the logarithmic phase of growth, it was extracted and concentrated by normal NaOH. The polysaccharide capsule was attached to diphtheria toxoid using (ADH) adipic acid dihydrazide and EDAC. After chromatography, prepare by mixing the polysaccharide capsule conjugate (CPS-DT) with diphtheria toxoid and alginate solution of the desired antigen. The prepared antigens were injected into 4 groups of 15 mice intraperitoneally with two-week intervals. In serum samples, antibody responses were measured by ELISA method. Results: According to the results of the ELISA test, total IgG titer increased from 315 to 1680. Also, IgM and IgA antibody titers increased from 90 to 610 and 18 to 28, respectively. The serum antibodies of the group vaccinated with diphtheria toxoid alginate (ALG-DT) increased statistically significantly after each injection. So that the titer of total IgG, IgM and IgA produced against alginate in the groups vaccinated with conjugate showed a significant increase compared to specific alginate in three injections. Conclusion: The results obtained for the above antibodies were CPS-DT > CPS > DT, and the antibody titer against DT-CPS in IgG was higher than other antibodies, which shows that microparticles Alginate polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae in conjugated form with diphtheria toxoid increases antibodies. The increase in antibody titer in the groups vaccinated with alginate conjugate indicates the activation of T cells and the creation of immune memory. Therefore, the conjugate of alginate and diphtheria toxoid can be a suitable candidate for preparing a vaccine. The results of the antibody titer obtained against Micro CPS-DT in the groups were IgG>IgM>IgA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Lemon verbena leaves Extracts on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Brucella melitensis in vitro and Animal Model Study
shahrzad nasiri semnani nastaran ghassempoorInroduction & Objective:Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Klebsiella pnenmonia and Brucella melitensis have high resistance to antibiotics treatments. The aim of this study, was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Lemon verbena leaves extr MoreInroduction & Objective:Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Klebsiella pnenmonia and Brucella melitensis have high resistance to antibiotics treatments. The aim of this study, was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Lemon verbena leaves extracts on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Brucella melitensis in vitro and animal model study. Material and Method:In this studies after prepagation, of extracts Lemon leaves MIC and MBC and diameter of inhibition zone was determined by well diffusion agar method, the extracts on bacteria determined by broth dilution method. In animal model study, 5×105 CFU/ml bacteria were injected intraperitioneally in to mice and the counts of bacterias colonies was countected according to the standard protocol. Results: The results of macrodilution method showed that the MIC of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range of 1:32 dilution (27.81 mg/ml) to 1:8 (111.25 mg/ml) and MBC ethanolic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range 1:16 (55.62 mg/ml) to 1:4 (222.5 mg/ml). MIC of acetonic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range of 1:32 dilution (27.81 mg/ml) to 1:8 (111.25 mg/ml) and MBC of acetonic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range 1:16 (48.18 mg/ml) to 1:4 (192.75 mg/ml). Also MIC of aqueous extract was in the range of 1:8 (103.75 mg/ml) to 1:4 (207.5 mg/ml) and MBC of this extract was in 1:4 dilutions (207.5 mg ml) in all studied bacteria. In animal model, were seen a significant reduction between the treated groups with control group. Ethanolic and acetonic extract Lemon verbena more effective in an animal model. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Lemon verbena extracts has antimicrobial effect on studied bacteria Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Comparative evaluation of immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in two strains of BALB/c and DBA/2 mice : Preclinical study
ramin farhoudi delaram doroud GOLSHID javdani mohammad hosin hedayatiStreptococcus pneumoniae is easily transmitted from humans to animals and causes pneumonia, especially in horses. Extensive human vaccination prevents the transmission of the disease to the horse host. The immunogenicity of a vaccine is evaluated by various methods. The MoreStreptococcus pneumoniae is easily transmitted from humans to animals and causes pneumonia, especially in horses. Extensive human vaccination prevents the transmission of the disease to the horse host. The immunogenicity of a vaccine is evaluated by various methods. The aim of this study was to design a test to evaluate the immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as part of pre-clinical studies of vaccine production. After culturing Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F in blood agar medium, the obtained colonies were labeled using fluorescence dye. On the other hand, the serum of BALB/c and DBA/2 mice immunized with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine was collected to determine antibodies with phagocytosis properties against Streptococcus pneumoniae. After proximity of serum dilutions with labeled bacteria, the ability of bacteria to phagocytosis by serum opsonins (opsonophagocytosis) was read by adding mouse macrophage cells by flow cytometry. In both strains, the percentage of cells in the serum that phagocytosed the bacterium decreased with decreasing serum dilution. Opsonophagocytic titers were reported 128 in BALB/c mice and 64 in DBA/2 mice. On the other hand, flow cytometry results were significantly different from the results of manual colony count test (r = 0.89, p≤0.001). According to the results of the present study, the BALB/c strain of mice was a better host to determine the efficacy of the vaccine. Also, using flow cytometry method has more advantages than manual assay method. As a result, the data of this study bring us one step closer to producing an effective vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of active vitamin D3 on the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in experimental calf pneumonia
Parisa asgharpour Zohreh Eftekhari Mohammad Gholi Nadealian Gholamreza Nikhbakht Borujeni Mohammad Reza Mokhber DezfouliThe outbreak of calf pneumonia in herds occurs due to different pathogens. Vitamin D3 displays a regulatory effect on different cells, especially its pro-differential biological function and stimulates antimicrobial peptides. In the present study, the effects of vitamin MoreThe outbreak of calf pneumonia in herds occurs due to different pathogens. Vitamin D3 displays a regulatory effect on different cells, especially its pro-differential biological function and stimulates antimicrobial peptides. In the present study, the effects of vitamin D3 on the expression of antimicrobial peptides in experimental pasteurellosis in calves were assessed. Ten Holstein calves (2-4 months old) were randomly divided into two groups. Prepared Pasteurella multocida (3×109 CFU/mL) was inoculated in the trachea of all calves and Vitamin D3 was injected only in the treatment group following confirmation of pneumonia. Blood samples and broncho-alveolar lavage fluids were obtained from both groups at different time intervals and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to evaluate the antimicrobial peptides gene expression. The expression of CD4, Cathelicidin, and Defensins genes was measured in vitro conditions following the addition of 10-6, 10-7 and 10-8 molar of vitamin D3. Defensins and CD4 gene expressions revealed a significant difference in the two groups, at the 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the challenge time, while the Cathelicidin gene was not expressed in both experimental groups. Surprisingly, increased expression of Cathelicidin, Defensins, and CD4 was observed at a concentration of 10-6 M of vitamin D3. According to the results of this study, vitamin D3 had positive effects on the immune system which was observed as significant improvement in the clinical symptoms of treated calves. The expression of lung-related Defensins and CD4 in vivo and in vitro approved the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D3 but the gene expression of Cathelicidin is probably related to prescribing higher doses of vitamin D3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Isolation of different bacteria from pneumonic lungs of cows slaughtered in Tabriz (IRAN) abattoir
amirparviz Rezaie Saber In this investigation, bacterial agents involved in pneumonia of slaughtered cross-bred cows in Tabriz abattoir were studied due to importance of bacterial pneumonia among Tabriz cattles. For doing so, we referred to Tabriz slaughter house every season and More In this investigation, bacterial agents involved in pneumonia of slaughtered cross-bred cows in Tabriz abattoir were studied due to importance of bacterial pneumonia among Tabriz cattles. For doing so, we referred to Tabriz slaughter house every season and fifty healthy and fifty unhealthy lungs were sampled and transferred to the microbiology laboratory of Tabriz veterinary faculty, they were cultured then colonies were studied and finally the family and species of bacteria were recognized by using differential culture media. The separated bacteria from pneumonic lungs in four seasons involved 20 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 23 Escherichia coli, 18 Staphylococcus Aureus, 1 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 9 Corynebacterium pyogenes, 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 48 Pasteurella haemolytica, 8 Erysipelothrix inscidiosa, 23 Rodococcus equi, 4 Nocardia farcinica, 2 Moraxella bovis, 1 Bordetella bronchiseptica, 2 Brucella bovis and 2 Haemophilus influenza. In four unhealthy lungs in fall, Pasteurella heamolytica with Bordetella bronchiseptica and from three lesioned lungs in fall, Brucella bovis with Haemophilus influenza and in three lesioned lungs in winter, Pasteurella heamolytica with Brodetella bronchiseptica were separated. The Bacteria isolated from healthy lungs consisted of 3 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 2 Pasteurella multocida, 6 Escherichia coli and 1 Nocardia farcinica. From 200 healthy lungs which were studied, 2 cases in spring, 4 cases in summer, 4 cases in fall and 2 cases in winter were isolated. It should be noted that, no bacteria was removed from primary culture of healthy and lesioned lungs in anaerobic conditions and mycoplasma culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparison of the serumic levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc between apparently healthy and those affected by febrile pneumonia in Ghezel sheep
محمد Mashayekhi M.H Khayat Nouri A.R Ebadi فرامرز PanahiThe aim of this study was to determine the correlation between subclinical deficiency of Vit A, Vit C and zinc and ovine pneumonia. This study was conducted on 400 sheep affected by pneumonia and 100 apparently healthy sheep. All animals were from the Ghezel breed with MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the correlation between subclinical deficiency of Vit A, Vit C and zinc and ovine pneumonia. This study was conducted on 400 sheep affected by pneumonia and 100 apparently healthy sheep. All animals were from the Ghezel breed with the age of 0.5-2 years and body weight of 35-60 kg. Sampling was done during the summer and autumn in Miandoab province. Patients showing signs of rapid and shallow breathing, dyspnea, coughing, nasal discharge and abnormal lung sound were selected as having pneumonia. Animals without any sign of particular disease were selected as apparently healthy after general examination. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. The results indicated that serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc were 46.94±0.26 (μg/dl), 1.83±0.05 (mg/dl) and 183.25±1.86 (μg/dl) in healthy sheep respectively and serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc were 42.45±0.19 (μg/dl), 1.47±0.02 (mg/dl) and 134.59±1.77 (μg/dl) in pneumonic sheep (p=0.000) respectively. It can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between subclinical deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc serum and ovine pneumonia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Molecular analysis of the genes encoding colibactin production in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from raw milk by Multiplex-PCR as an agent for colorectal cancer
Marziyeh Radaei Alamoli sedigheh mehrabian kumarss amini parisa mobasseriKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.It has traditionally been considered an opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of nosocomial infections. The pks gene cluster enco MoreKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.It has traditionally been considered an opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of nosocomial infections. The pks gene cluster encodes enzymes responsible for the synthesis of colibactin. Colibactin is a genotoxin that has been shown to induce DNA damage and contribute to increased virulence. Colibactin is also strongly suspected of being involved in the development of colorectal cancer. The present study investigated the prevalence of pks, clbN, and clbB genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In this study, 220 samples were obtained from raw milk. Then, all samples were cultured in the violet red bile agar and then cultured in blood agar, MacConkey agar, and chocolate agar for bacterial isolation. Biochemical and microbiological tests were performed for confirmation of the bacteria. DNA was extracted from all isolates using a genomic DNA extraction kit. Then multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) method was performed using specific primers. It was found that 60 K. pneumonia isolates out of 220 samples (27.27%) were confirmed by standard phenotypic tests. The PCR test indicated that 6 (10%) strains carried clbN and clbB genes. The pks positive K. pneumoniae was more prevalent in our samples. Owing to its pleiotropic effects, colibactin profoundly influences cellular physiology, inducing DNA breaks that lead to senescence or apoptosis. It seems that the identification of the pks positive K. pneumoniae in milk is essential to prevent colorectal cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Report of Cor Pulmonale in a calf due to bronchopneumonia
Sh. Alipour zamani, A. Mirshahi, A. Taghavi razavizadeh,A 6 Months old holstein female dairy calf was referred to the clinic of veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi universityof Mashhad in the spring of 2011. The owner’s chief complaint was anorexia and growth retardation. Clinicalexamination revealed depression, tachycardia, MoreA 6 Months old holstein female dairy calf was referred to the clinic of veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi universityof Mashhad in the spring of 2011. The owner’s chief complaint was anorexia and growth retardation. Clinicalexamination revealed depression, tachycardia, tachypenia, atonic rumen, weakness, recumbency, increase breathsounds with harshness, cardiac murmur (Left side of the chest, base of heart with mild to moderate intensity),jugular vein distention, submandibular and brisket edema. Haemogram profles showed an acute infection withdegenerative immune system response. Radiological fndings were consisted of increased radiopacity and alveolarpattern (air bronchogram) in cranioventral lung lobes. Thoracic and abdominal ultrasonography was performed.Anechoic free fluids in pleural and abdominal cavity were observed which indicated pleural and peritonealeffusion, respectively. According to these fndings and a survey on serum biochemical profle, with measuring theconcentration of serum troponin I and rule out other causes of edema and ascites, the cor Pulmonale associated withbronchopneumonia was diagnosed. The sick animal was treated by parenteral antibiotic, diuretic and supportivedrugs. About 2 weeks after the treatment, clinical examination, radiological and ultrasonographical observationsand haemogram profles indicated complete recovery. Three months after the initial presentation, the calf wasvisited again and the only problem was growth retardation that may be due to bronchopneumonia outcome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The study of the reasons of the keeping the liver and lungs of slaughtered sheep and goats in Ghachsaran slaughterhouse
O. Ghasemian Karyak, A. Abbasi- Hormozi,Hydatid cyst and fasciolosis are zoonotic diseases without a specifc clinical sign. Final diagnosis in animals can be made only by necropsy and post mortem insepction. Undoubtedly, hygiene of slaughterhouses has upstanding correlation with Community hygiene and health MoreHydatid cyst and fasciolosis are zoonotic diseases without a specifc clinical sign. Final diagnosis in animals can be made only by necropsy and post mortem insepction. Undoubtedly, hygiene of slaughterhouses has upstanding correlation with Community hygiene and health, fewer no attentions to this subject will follow more hazards to the people of society. Total liver and lungs of the slaughtered Sheep and goats in Gachsaran slaughterhouse were studied .Overall 3082 of sheep cases and 7873 goat cases slaughtered in summer season. A total of 11753 of liver and lung studied, 1153 samples deleted and out of consume cycle. The results showed that liver of sheep and goat infected (9.99% Fasciola, 6.20% hydatid cyst, abscess 3.46%); (9.27% Fasciol ,9.60% hydatid cyst, 3.91% abscess) respectively, (12.86% Pnemonia and permia, 4/96% hydatid cyst, 5.81% abscess); (16.98% pnemonia and permia, 4.76% hydatid cyst, 12.14% abscess) obtanined in lung of sheep and goats respectively. As a conclusion, so more attention of related control organizations seems to be needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord
Marziyeh Farsinejad Maryam Reisi JAMSHID Alibabaeishahraki Hossein Khodabandeh shahrakiAntimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship betw MoreAntimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord. In this study, antibiotic resistance 90 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cases of Shahrekord,disk diffusion method was performed. In order to investigate resistance to sulfonamides of the antibiotic cotrimoxazole was used. Then using specific primers was performed tracing genes sul1, sul2 and sul3 and intI. After PCR reaction of 33 isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole sul1 gene in 15 isolates (45/45%), sul2 gene in 20 isolates (60/60%), gene Sul3 in 2 isolates (6/06%) and the gene intI 27 isolates was found. The statistical analysis between genes sul1and IntI significant relationship was observed. The results of this study show that is a strong correlation between carry integrons and increased resistance to a number of different classes of antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigation the effect of Pterocarya fraxinifolia extract in eliminating some urinary tractinfection bacteria in comparison with ciprofloxacin
Masoud AzadbakhtUrinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in human body. The main cause of this infection is gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The treatment of UTI is antibiotic antibiotic therapy MoreUrinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in human body. The main cause of this infection is gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The treatment of UTI is antibiotic antibiotic therapy. Today, antibiotic resistance is considered as an important challenge in treating infections. Pterocarya fraxinifolia is widely distributed in northern area of Iran and used as drug plant as far. The aim of this study was evaluation of antimicrobial effects of Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaf extracts (methanolic) compared to Ciprofloxacin against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. To evaluate the antimicrobial effects, the diameter of inhibitory zone was measured using disk diffusion and well agar diffusion methods. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by macro dilution method. Disk diffusion results shows that no inhibitory zone for extract against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 µl but Ciprofloxacin had inhibitory zone (31.33, 32.67 and 33 mm respectively). Agar diffusion results shows that inhibitory zone in 80, 90, 100 and 110 µl for E. coli (10.66, 12, 13 and 13.83 mm) K. pneumoniae (10, 12.33, 13 and 14.33 mm) and P. aeruginosa (12, 13, 14 and 15 mm). MIC was 8.33, 6.25 and 6.25 mg/ml respectively for E. coli, Kebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. MBC was 16.67, 12.5 and 12.5 mg/ml respectively for E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Based on data, Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaf extracts had antimicrobial effect against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa but not strong as Ciprofloxacin. Manuscript profile
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