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Open Access Article
1 - Roadmap of nuclear technology application in the environment
Zahra Soltani AmirMohammad BeigzadehBackground and Objective: Today, the use of advanced environmental pollutants based on nuclear technology in processes associated with the production of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants is highly recommended. Developing a strategy and planning for the development of MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the use of advanced environmental pollutants based on nuclear technology in processes associated with the production of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants is highly recommended. Developing a strategy and planning for the development of the application of nuclear technology in the environment is necessary because this technology is advanced, complex and in the growth stage and requires high investment, highly specialized forces and cooperation and coordination of a series of projects. Material and Methodology: In order to develop a roadmap for the application of nuclear technology in the environment, first, by reviewing research in the field of applications of nuclear technology in the environment, potentials and key technologies in this field were identified. Then, by performing process steps through reviewing scientific articles and texts, the market was identified and then the types of products were determined. Findings: The most important markets for nuclear technology-based treatment systems are power plants, chemical and petrochemical industries, and waste industries. Gaseous decontamination facilities, sludge and wastewater treatment and industrial waste facilities are classified in the product category. According to the roadmap, the acquisition of accelerator technology and gamma-rayirradiator systems is possible through technology transfer and equipment purchase. Since all stages of research and development of solid-state purification systems can be done with the existing facilities in the country and also the simplicity of the process, during the first three years, the focus on solid state purification systems was determined and in parallel by gaining the necessary experience, it is possible to transfer technology to liquid and gas purification systems. Discussion and Conclusion: Purification systems based on advanced nuclear technology are cost-effective, more efficient and environmentally friendly. In this regard, the use of roadmap as one of the most important management tools for planning the development of this technology is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Ranking of Behavioral Biases of Investors in the Face of political News and Rumors, emphasis on the era of Nuclear Talks
Hamed Tajmir Riyahi Mohammad Mehdi DejdarTversky and Kahneman in the70 s in a series of articles achieved to the development of applications of psychological knowledge in finance and economy and these research gradually became known as behavioral finance in the 90s as a field of financial matters. This s MoreTversky and Kahneman in the70 s in a series of articles achieved to the development of applications of psychological knowledge in finance and economy and these research gradually became known as behavioral finance in the 90s as a field of financial matters. This school of thought with find inability to existing models, which are based on full rationality and lack of arbitrage turned to psychology and the science of decision making and by using a combination of these science and finance gain a better understanding of investment activity in the financial markets. The development of this approach has led the scientists noticed a behavior in investors that are inconsistent with the classic financial theories. These characteristics known as behavioral biases that explaining the systematic errors in people judgment. In recent years the nuclear talks and the progress or lack of progress always caused reactions by players in capital market of Iran. The discussion has became more serious in the second half of 1392, ie since the beginning of negotiations in New York and all market indicators, including indices, volume and value of transactions was increasingly affected by this event. In this study, it was determined that what is the reaction of active players in the capital market according to the news and rumors about nuclear talks and which of behavioral biases exist in their transactions. Therefore, after making a list of behavioral biases in a questionnaire, the experts commented about those and results and were analyzed and ranked using TOPSIS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Nuclear energy and Environmental Quality Approach to Data Integration
parvaneh salatin Niloufar Ghaffari SomeaIn recent decades, demand for energy to achieve economic growth has increased, and accessible resources, especially resources of fossil fuels, have sharply decreased. Uncontrolled and ever-increasing consumption of various energy carriers such as oil, gas, and coal has MoreIn recent decades, demand for energy to achieve economic growth has increased, and accessible resources, especially resources of fossil fuels, have sharply decreased. Uncontrolled and ever-increasing consumption of various energy carriers such as oil, gas, and coal has more than ever attracted the attention of countries to two important issues, namely non-renewability of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. Thus, one of the most important priorities in energy policies is diversification of energy resources and also finding an energy resource which is safe, cheap and free of greenhouse gases. Nuclear energy, therefore, is important. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is analyzing the effect of nuclear energy consumption on environmental quality in the set of selected countries. This is an applied research by objective, a causal research by study method, and an inferential research by methodology. Results from model estimation by the method of fixed effects in the selected countries in the 2004-2014 period show that nuclear energy consumption has a negative and meaningful effect on CO2 emission as an indicator of environmental quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Study of the Role of Thinking Rooms in Obama’s Decision-Making about the Nuclear Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Reza Haghshenas Gorgabi Hossein Ahmadi Mohamad Ali BasiriThe purpose of the present study is to explain the role of thinking rooms in Obama’s decision-making about the Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear plan. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicated that since thinking rooms as non-off MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the role of thinking rooms in Obama’s decision-making about the Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear plan. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicated that since thinking rooms as non-official organizations in the USA affect decision-making in that country, we can explain changes in Obama’s policies about Iran’s nuclear plan with respect to the decision-making theory, especially the organizational model. During the presidency of Obama, his foreign policy in terms of Iran’s nuclear plan consisted of 2 stages: the first stage of consensus-building for Iran’s maximum sanctions; and the second stage of negotiation and peace with Iran. Changing the government in Iran caused them to be able to dissuade Iran from Uranium enrichment and some other nuclear achievements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - An Assessment of the Performance of Three Mainstream Media (Kayhan, E’temad, and Hamshahri) Regarding JCPOA (2015-2016)
Marzieh Rafati Abdul Ali Ghavam Khalil Mirzaiee Zahra Kharazi Mohammadvandi AzarThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the news representation of JCPOA from the perspective of three mainstream media (Kayhan, E’temad, and Hamshahri) during 2015 to 2016. The method of the study was qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data by ta MoreThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the news representation of JCPOA from the perspective of three mainstream media (Kayhan, E’temad, and Hamshahri) during 2015 to 2016. The method of the study was qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data by targeted sampling of 300 pieces of news related to “JCPOA” using SPSS. The results showed that despite the importance of “JCPOA”, this term has not frequently and conspicuously been used in the headlines of the above newspapers; and has only been mentioned in economic and political contexts, regardless of its various aspects. Although the impartiality of the media has been emphasized, the above newspapers have adopted a biased approach towards “JCPOA”. On the other hand, news coverage by the above newspapers and their approach to “JCPOA” has not usually been analytical but more inclined to hard news and informational rather than educational and guiding approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The U.S Foreign Policy against Iran during the Presidency of Obama and Trump (Based on Mearsheimer's Offensive Realism and Walitz's Defensive Realism)
Hasan Abediny koshkuieh Hossein Masoudnia Mahnaz GoodarziThe purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with re MoreThe purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with respect to the systematic review of Obama's and Trump's behavior based on defensive and offensive realism. The U.S foreign policy would be explained based on its security approach to Iran's nuclear activities and regional behaviors involving components such as the character of Arabic-Hebraic lobbies and cabinet members. Obama's foreign policy against Iran relying on the approach of interaction and pressure (intelligent power) was successful whereas Trump's foreign policy failed with respect to its offensive nature and the gap among western countries. Therefore, it can be concluded that both of the presidents attempted to challenge the Islamic Republic of Iran's interests by creating political and economic crises and military threats in internal and external aspects. Obama could restrain Iran's nuclear activities by reaching a nuclear agreement but Trump by withdrawing the nuclear deal, not only could not sustain Obama's achievements but also almost failed to restrain Iran to provide the U.S national interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - US Approach to Disarmament and Arms Control after September 11th (2001-2020)
seyed mahmod mansorinasab Abomohammad Asgarkhani SOHRAB SALEHIOne of the most important strategic subjects in the realm of international relations between countries and international security is arms control and disarmament. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to review the US approach to disarmament and arms co MoreOne of the most important strategic subjects in the realm of international relations between countries and international security is arms control and disarmament. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to review the US approach to disarmament and arms control considering September 11th events 2001-2020. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that the subject of disarmament and mass destruction arms control is one of the most important issues in the international level, particularly in relationships between Russia and the United States. The context of disarmament and arms control after the cold war has immensely been intricate and complicated. After September 11th, peaceful and multilateral international cooperation between countries did not end; but rather with regard to the US movements, the rules of the play firstly undertook a military aspect which led to a change in international discourse. Secondly, unilateralism was raised against multilateralism which affected all the countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Image Segmentation using spectral clustering based SuperPixel
Fatemeh Afsari Sholi Jalil azimpour Marziye DadvarOne of the sciences in order to increase the efficiency of intelligent systems to be used in the visual sense, is Machine vision science. The first step in many applications in machine vision is image segmentation. Image segmentation, refers to the grouping of pixels in MoreOne of the sciences in order to increase the efficiency of intelligent systems to be used in the visual sense, is Machine vision science. The first step in many applications in machine vision is image segmentation. Image segmentation, refers to the grouping of pixels in an image So that these pixels, the same qualities have with each other And the pixels adjacent parts, have different characteristics. The most important feature used in image segmentation, colors and features. In monochrome images, the gray level is considered as properties But color images, different color spaces used as a color feature. In this study, the color and texture features for image segmentation is considered. Clustering-based methods of are used in image segmentation methods and Gaussian function is similar measure in clustering images. Spectral clustering requires has high computational cost. To save time and accelerate the segmentation of images Using clustering with Super pixels will achieve optimal results And to achieve reliable results approximate and fuzzy algorithm is used. The proposed algorithm is applied on several standard image And the evaluation criteria,Evaluated and evaluated by the indicators are evaluated and compared. The results of the experiments were compared to other fragmentation methods, suggesting a 3.4% superiority in the segmentation accuracy of the proposed algorithm, and all the evaluation indicators of the study have increased to a satisfactory level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The simulating of optical sensor based on selective resonance coupling
sahel JavaherniaRefractive index sensors are one of the most widely used sensors in the bioelectronics and optoelectronics industries. The use of materials and structures that can detect the refractive index of unknown materials has important applications in biochemistry and medical en MoreRefractive index sensors are one of the most widely used sensors in the bioelectronics and optoelectronics industries. The use of materials and structures that can detect the refractive index of unknown materials has important applications in biochemistry and medical engineering. In this paper, a polymer-based dual-core photon crystal fiber is introduced to measure the refractive index of a fluid. The size of the holes of the analyte cores and the light-transmitting solid core are engineered to be able to pass the main single mode. Due to its cheapness, high mechanical ability and ease of fabrication, the photon crystal fiber substrate is made of PMMA polymer. After simulating the structure and using the existing mathematical relations and examining the diffusion modes, for the complete transfer of light from the solid core to the core of the analyte channel, a fiber length of 0.13 cm has been obtained. The simulation results show that for a refractive index of 1.44, a sensitivity value of 1000 and a detection limit can be achieved by this sensor. All simulation steps in the field of FDTD are obtained in Lumerical software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - طراحی دو ماژول هستهای برای محاسبه اتوماتیک سطح مقطعهای رادیوایزوتوپها با استفاده از پیوند کدهای هستهای MCNPX و NJOY
سید علیرضا موسوی شیرازی مهدی خاکی آرانی -
Open Access Article
11 - Policymaking of spatial components in the formation of new urban cores
Aziz mohamadyari bakhtyar ezatpanah Karim Hosainzadeh DalirOne of the most important issues in today's urban management is the issue of rapid population growth and the consequent rapid expansion of cities, which has faced many problems due to the lack of effective planning and management with this phenomenon. These issues have MoreOne of the most important issues in today's urban management is the issue of rapid population growth and the consequent rapid expansion of cities, which has faced many problems due to the lack of effective planning and management with this phenomenon. These issues have shown their effects on the spatial structure of cities in different ways, one of which is the multi-core spatial development of cities. The multi-core phenomenon is inherent in metropolises and studies indicate more efficiency and the effect of quantitative methods in identifying functional cores.The main purpose of this article is to introduce spatial components in the formation of new urban cores. The research method is documentary-analytical and its findings show that the development pattern of the central area in providing various modes of transportation, creating public spaces in order to create distinctive and attractive communities, revitalizing the city center, density policies to achieve intensive development and The protection of green and open spaces has been successful, but it is weak in achieving the criteria of citizens' participation and impartial and predictable decision-making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Examining the Policy and Performance of the Rouhani Government on the Nuclear Issue with Emphasis on the JCPOA Debate
Habib Mirali farzad navidi nia -
Open Access Article
13 - The Importance and Position of the Identity in the Development of Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Central Asian Region Based on the Constructivist Approach
abdolali kiapasha Seyed Farshid Jafari Paybandi Hassan Eyvazzadeh Ardebili asghar partoviThe present study seeks to examine the importance and role of identity in the development of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Central Asia based on the constructivist approach. The main question of the investigation is: Can common elements of civilizat MoreThe present study seeks to examine the importance and role of identity in the development of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Central Asia based on the constructivist approach. The main question of the investigation is: Can common elements of civilization based on the constructivist approach affect the development of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Central Asia? According to the constructivist approach, the research hypothesis is that identity has a role (the existence of elements of a common civilization, customs, culture, religion, language) in the expansion of Iran's relations with Central Asian countries. Although it has had a negative impact in some cases, it has played a positive role in the development of relations between Iran and Central Asia. The authors’ results show that the central Asian countries and market and its rich resources in energy and various minerals can be connected to Europe through Eurasia to escape from the land restrictions, and to prevent the influence of terrorism, smuggling, and colonialism, and to guarantee the security of both sides. The method of causal research was descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Relationship of Core Anti-Social Beliefs, Social Anxiety and Academic Excitement Considering the Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance and Social Problem-Solving in 15-18 Years-Old Students
Hossien Rezapour Mansoureh Bahramipour Isfahani, Hajar Turkan The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between core anti-social beliefs, social anxiety and academic excitement, considering the mediating role of experiential avoidance and social problem-solving in 15-18 years-old students. The research m More The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between core anti-social beliefs, social anxiety and academic excitement, considering the mediating role of experiential avoidance and social problem-solving in 15-18 years-old students. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of the type of data and research method. The statistical population includes 3000 male high school students in the second round of the 2nd education district in the academic year of 2022 in Isfahan City. Among these, 341 people were selected as a sample using the cluster sampling method and using Morgan's table. To collect data from questionnaires of antisocial core beliefs (Apshe and De-Meo, 2012), adolescent social anxiety (Paklek, 2004), academic excitement (Pekrun et al., 2002), experimental avoidance of acceptance and action (Bond et al., 2011) and the ability to solve social problems (Drizila et al., 2011) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and AMOS-26 software. The results showed that experiential avoidance plays a mediating role in the relationship between the mentioned variables and all the effects are significant at the 0.05 level and can be generalized except for the direct effect of antisocial core beliefs on social problem-solving at the 0.01 level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - جرم بودن اقدام علیه بشریت بهوسیله سلاحهای هستهای از نگاه فقه با رویکرد فتوای مقام معظم رهبری
دکتر حامد رستمی نجف آبادی دکتر عبدالرضا فرهادیان -
Open Access Article
16 - Impact of Transatlantic Relations on Nuclear Negotiations on Joe Biden Administration
Mehdi Miri fazel feiziIran nuclear issue has been one of the main concerns for Iran and great powers in two decades. While the nuclear negotiations as a diplomatic instrument has been fallowed in different forms and ways, putted away in Trump administration. After victory of Joe Biden in pre MoreIran nuclear issue has been one of the main concerns for Iran and great powers in two decades. While the nuclear negotiations as a diplomatic instrument has been fallowed in different forms and ways, putted away in Trump administration. After victory of Joe Biden in presidential election in U.S., Iran’s nuclear negotiations have followed by 4+1 group. Although Iran’s nuclear negotiations has been influenced by many varies variable, in this article we have focused on transatlantic relations effect. According to this, the main question is: what is the effect of transatlantic relations on Iran’s nuclear negotiations in Biden administration? For answering to this question, we tried to do this research by combining method and library and documental methods and applying the theory of constructivism. The result of this article shows, when transatlantic relations turns on multilateral and integral form as we see in Biden administration, more probably the nuclear negotiations will led to revive of JCPOA.Transatlantic , constructivism , Nato , nuclear negotiations, Joe Biden, 4+1 group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Impact of the Ukraine Crisis on Nuclear Negotiations: Perspectives and Perspectives
Jahanbakhsh Moradi Mehrbod Moradi Hossein Karimifard majid rouhiAfter Russia's military invasion of Ukraine and the deepening of the gap between Russia and the Western world, many concerns arose about the consequences and impact of these developments on the process of Iran's nuclear negotiations. And the tension that has arisen amon MoreAfter Russia's military invasion of Ukraine and the deepening of the gap between Russia and the Western world, many concerns arose about the consequences and impact of these developments on the process of Iran's nuclear negotiations. And the tension that has arisen among the countries involved in Iran's nuclear case, what path will Iran's nuclear negotiations take? In this regard, 5 views have been formed among analysts, which show a spectrum from the ineffectiveness of the Ukraine crisis on Iran's nuclear negotiations to its maximum effectiveness. Based on this, the main question here is what effect does the Ukraine crisis have on the nuclear negotiations of the Islamic Republic of Iran? This article has been written with a descriptive and analytical approach and tries to investigate this issue and by considering the available evidence and by adhering to the theory of chaos and the butterfly effect, the result obtained is that despite the existence of different views and perspectives. and sometimes contradictory; The crisis in Ukraine has affected Iran's nuclear negotiations, and this effect has led to the pursuit of de-escalation policies by the majority of countries involved in this issue. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran can continue its strengthening process in the region by taking advantage of this policy and complete the nuclear negotiations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Impact of Iran’s Nuclear Activities on Security Convergence Among the Members of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (PGCC)
ahmad Doostmohammadi Abdolazim Ghobeishi Yaser Moradi AbbasabadiIn the last several decades, the Persian Gulf region has become a paramount issue of international security. Various factors, such as energy resources, regional competition and the interest of super powers in the region have been the causes of convergence and/or diverge MoreIn the last several decades, the Persian Gulf region has become a paramount issue of international security. Various factors, such as energy resources, regional competition and the interest of super powers in the region have been the causes of convergence and/or divergence in the foreign policy of Persian Gulf Countries. Recently, however, a new dimension, Iran’s nuclear activities, has been added to the above referred factors creating a further confliction ground to already existing turbulent region. The purpose of this study is to show how the believe of the United States that Iran hides its real intention of opting for atomic weaponry under the pretext of atomic activity for merely energy production and peaceful use of it has pushed the region into a new security phase. Thus, by accusing Iran’s purpose of nuclear activity to be directed toward obtaining nuclear weaponry, the United States in fact trying to enhance its own and Israel’s interest in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The association of some blood metabolites and NF-κB gene expression with subclinical ketosis in Holstein dairy cows during the transition period
Saeideh Moradi Gholamali moghaddam Samad lotfollahzade Raziallah Jafari Abbas RafatSubclinical ketosis is one of the most important metabolic diseases which irreversible economic effects on the dairy industry. Subclinical ketosis has been associated with increases reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in cells. Since the nuclear factor kappa-B MoreSubclinical ketosis is one of the most important metabolic diseases which irreversible economic effects on the dairy industry. Subclinical ketosis has been associated with increases reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in cells. Since the nuclear factor kappa-B is known as a fast cellular response factor to endogenous stress; this study was conducted to evaluate relative gene expression and some blood metabolites in dairy cattle during the transition period were performed. Blood samples (5 mL) were obtained from the tail vein of 100 cows with fourth and fifth lactation one week pre-parturition and one week post-parturition. In the present study, It was found positive correlations between plasma NEFA concentrations in the pre-parturition period and BHBA, GGT, MDA, and NF-κB and negative correlations between plasma NEFA concentration and HDL. As well as, the positive correlations between BHBA plasma concentration and NEFA , ALP, GGT, MDA and NF-κB and negative correlations between plasma BHBA concentration and HDL in the post-parturition period. Also while the cut-off point BHBA≤1.2(Health) and BHBA≥ 1.2(mmol/l)(subclinical ketosis or disease) in the post-parturition period was designated, it was observed that NEFA(p<.0001), BHBA(p<.0001), MDA(p<.0001), GGT(p<.0001) and ALP(p=0.03) were gradually increased, and HDL(p= <.0001) gradually decreased in disease group. The results showed that the activity of NF-κB (p<.0001) was gradually increased in the disease group. Also results showed that increased NEFAs and BHBA increased inflammation response through activating the NF-κB pathway and oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Comparative study of Management Based on Competency in Public and Private Institutions (Case study: East and West Azerbaijan Provinces)
Mohammad Pasban Asghar Azar Kasb Leila Fatehi KhoshkanabManagement based on competency is a coherent and coordinated approach to managing human capitalsin the long run which is devised on the basis of a common set of competencies associated with the large-scale strategies of the country. The present study seeks to assess the MoreManagement based on competency is a coherent and coordinated approach to managing human capitalsin the long run which is devised on the basis of a common set of competencies associated with the large-scale strategies of the country. The present study seeks to assess the merit-based management in the public and private organizations and institutions of East and West Azerbaijan Provinces. The statistical population includes the top and middle managers, and the staff of public and private institutions, from among whom a sample of 426 was chosen. In order to analyze the data, the researchers used T-test with independent samples. The results of data analysis and the study of merit-based management layers revealed that at the significance level of 5%, the layers of merit-based management (core competencies, performance competencies, and tasks competencies) are of higher rate inprivate organizations than in public organizations. Therefore, the difference of the means of the two groups was significant. In all the hypotheses, H0 was rejected and H1, the difference in the mean of the two groups was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between merit-based management in public and private organizations, and that meritocracy, awareness of the goals, organizational mission, organizational commitment, and expertise are greater in private organizations than in public organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Experimental and seismic analysis performance of three-core buckling restrained braces
ali chigoi mohhamad ali rahgozar mohsen izadiniaIn this paper, in order to improve the seismic behavior of BRBs, buckling-restrained braces with three parallel cores with different yield stress have been suggested and introduced. The buckling restrained braces were made in one and three steel core with the same tensi MoreIn this paper, in order to improve the seismic behavior of BRBs, buckling-restrained braces with three parallel cores with different yield stress have been suggested and introduced. The buckling restrained braces were made in one and three steel core with the same tensile and compressive capacity. These braces were subjected to cyclic tensile and compressive loads in the laboratory under the ATC-24 loading protocol. Hysteresis cyclic performances of each brace were obtained and examined. Then, the one and three core buckling braces were placed diagonally in a steel moment frame and their seismic performance and response modification factors were obtained using adaptive pushover analysis. The results indicated that the three core brace has 16.3% and 8.8% higher energy absorption and damping capacity. In addition, the damping in the three-core brace in drift 2.5% is 8.8% higher than the one core brace. Mean value of response modification factors for steel moment frame with one-core brace is 8.11 and steel moment frame with three-core brace is 9.14. In conclusion, the three-core brace has higher energy absorption and damping capacity and the ductility of the steel moment frame with the three core brace is higher than that of the frame with the one core brace, which presented the three-core brace has more acceptable seismic performance and is highly recommended for rehabilitation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Explaining the Relations of Iran and Saudi Arabia within the Framework of Cold War
Nozar Shafiee Farhad GhanbariAbstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite g MoreAbstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite government in Iraq and the Arab uprising in 2011 further confronted Iran and Saudi Arabia. These developments divided the countries of the Middle East region into two groups on the basis of religious ideology. The question raised by the paper is "whether the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia had led the two into a cold war in the Middle East region? The underlying hypothesis is that the regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and the efforts of the two for bringing an equilibrium and strategic balance in the region has practically put both the countries in a rivalry situation and cold war. The paper uses descriptive-analytical framework to substantiate the hypothesis. The finding of the study shows that Iran and Saudi Arabia practically are in a state of cold war and the practical finding of the paper and suggestion is that Iran and Saudi Arabia should not close the diplomatic and negotiations channel because in the absence of diplomacy there is possibility that the management of relations may go out of hands of the statesmen and the military commanders may take control of the situation. In that case both the countries will face difficult and unpredictable conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - A Comparison of the Unilateral and Multilateral Approaches of the United States towards the Nuclear Program of Iran
Hamed Ameri Golestani Behroz ShojaeeAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in pr MoreAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in prolongation and ups and down of the problem. The two approaches of unilateralism and multilateralism are among the most important positions. During George Bush (Junior) presidency, the United States was pursuing unilateralist policies and playing the role of a hegemon. In the last years of Bush administration due to weak policy in the Middle East, it changed into multilateralism. With the arrival of Obama into White House, the United States pursued multilateral policies in various areas including Iranian nuclear program. The outcome of this policy was negotiation with Iran on nuclear program and cooperation with the 5+1 group of countries and a change in Iran’s position. The present article by a comparative approach wants to compare the two approaches of the United States. The main question of the article is “how can we compare the approaches of Bush administration and Obama administration about Iranian nuclear program?” The underlying hypothesis is that the comparison of the policies of the two administrations shows that hegemony and militarism is the indicators of unilateralism and international cooperation and institutionalism are important indicators of multilateralism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Influential Factors in Russia's Approach to Iran's Nuclear Program; From Bushehr Power Plant to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Hadi Zargari ELAHEH KOOLAEEAbstract: Russia has been one of the most influential actors in the technical and political process of Iran's nuclear program but there are no identical views about Russia's viewpoint about Iran's nuclear program. In order to evaluate these views the present article ra MoreAbstract: Russia has been one of the most influential actors in the technical and political process of Iran's nuclear program but there are no identical views about Russia's viewpoint about Iran's nuclear program. In order to evaluate these views the present article raises the question as to what are the factors shaping Russia's technical and political approach and behavior towards Iran's nuclear program? In response to the above question authors propound the hypothesis that Russia's approach can be evaluated within the larger framework of Russia's foreign policy and Russia's global, regional and nuclear role which is influenced by identity discourse of this country. Therefore, Russia's consideration in foreign policy is multi-aspect which include its effort for playing a global, regional role and nuclear doctrine along with international and economic factors in different period of time. Thus the emphasis on only one of these factors leads to reductionism and cannot explain the change in Russia's attitude and behavior. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical by using library sources and conducting interview. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A Survey of the Attitudes of Americans and Iranians toward Iran’s Nuclear Issue
جلیل بیات سید جلال دهقانی فیروزآبادیAbstract Most studies done about the nuclear program of Iran have used realism as theoretical framework to deal with relations of states and statesmen. They have neglected the impact of ideational elements like social inclination, attitudes and the social context. One MoreAbstract Most studies done about the nuclear program of Iran have used realism as theoretical framework to deal with relations of states and statesmen. They have neglected the impact of ideational elements like social inclination, attitudes and the social context. One of the ideational forces which has impact on politics is beliefs and attitudes in the society which they call it public opinion. From the viewpoint of constructivist all the social phenomenon including foreign policy decisions are socially constructed. This rule applies to nuclear issue of Iran as well. Since political decisions are not made in vacuum, they are strongly influenced by values and norms of the society. The present article wants to examine and analyze the United States and Iran's point of view on Iran's nuclear issue based on public opinion polls and surveys which were conducted in both countries and it also tries to find out how they affect and shape the views and perceptions of the decision makers in both the countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Change and Continuity in Foreign Policy of Brazil towards Islamic Republic of Iran
Esmaeil Shafiee Abdol Rahman Afshari Neda ShahnoriAbstract: The present article wants to study change and continuity in Brazilian foreign policy in her relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The article by a descriptive-analytical method examines the role of Brazil in international political scene and its impact MoreAbstract: The present article wants to study change and continuity in Brazilian foreign policy in her relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The article by a descriptive-analytical method examines the role of Brazil in international political scene and its impact on nuclear dossier of Iran. The nuclear program of Iran not only has been an important issue for the world big powers but the medium powers also have tried to enter it and mediate in the issue in order to increase their influencing power in world arena. One of these medium powers is Brazil which in a short span of time entered the nuclear dossier of Iran and took certain measures in this direction. The present article tires to find out the causes of entry of a medium power from a distant geographical region into the nuclear issue of Iran. Brazil by presenting new ways for nearing the viewpoints of Iran and 5+1 group of countries tried to play active diplomatic role. But Brazil could not break the Western countries and their allies’ consensus against Iran and eventually followed the path decided by the big powers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation of urban spatial structure from the perspective of multi-core model development (case study: Tabriz metropolis)
Jafar Mehranpour Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi Shahrivar RostaeiIntroduction The spatial structure of the city appears in different ways under the influence of social, economic, political, physical, technological, and administrative forces, and the two patterns of single-core and multi-core are among the most visible of these struct MoreIntroduction The spatial structure of the city appears in different ways under the influence of social, economic, political, physical, technological, and administrative forces, and the two patterns of single-core and multi-core are among the most visible of these structures. In the meantime, the spatial structure and multi-core urban development due to the number of centers can form relatively uniform, balanced and homogeneous structures on the city level and distribute activities and population in a suitable way. GoalConsidering the importance of the multi-core spatial structure model, especially for large cities with high population and diverse and complex activities, the aim of the present research is to evaluate the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis from the perspective of the development of the multi-core model.Methodology The research method in the current research is quantitative with an analytical-exploratory nature, in order to analyze information was used in the function distribution section, the spatial coefficient (LQ) model method and weighted geographic regression, and in the population growth section, the growth rate method. Geographical area of research The geographical scope of the research includes Tabriz metropolis. Results and discussion The findings of the research show that the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis can be seen in a bipolar way and the central area (area 8) and the east of the city (area 2 and a part of area 1) have occupied most of the functions. However, due to the expansion of functions in the north of the city and with proper planning and proportional distribution of functions in other areas (south and west), it is possible to provide the preparations for the spatial structure and multi-core urban development in Tabriz metropolis. Conclusion The results indicate that centrifugation is quite evident in Tabriz metropolis and new population nuclei are increasing in the eastern, northern and western parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Molecular phylogeny of Linaria (Plantaginaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) sequences
Nafiseh Yousefi MahmoodLinaria Mill.with 150 spp. constitutes the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. This genus clearly has the main challenges in the normal classification and so needs to more serious and complete research. The goal of this research is trying to solve existing problem MoreLinaria Mill.with 150 spp. constitutes the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. This genus clearly has the main challenges in the normal classification and so needs to more serious and complete research. The goal of this research is trying to solve existing problem using molecular systematic tool. In this research, a phylogenetic analysis of representatives from Linaria has been presented based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) sequences. From Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses nearly congruent trees are produced. Our results indicate that Linaria-Nuttallanthus is monophyletic group and comprising of seven sections of Pelisserianae, Lectoplectron, Macrocentrum, Versicolores, Supinae, Diffusae and Linaria. Linaria is expanded to include sect. Speciosae and some members of sect. Diffusae. It is necessary to propose a new concept for sect. Diffusae by restricting it only to those annual species with wingless seeds that are covered by testa cells with slightly elevated to sunken anticlinal walls plus convex periclinal walls papillate on surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The role of nuclear technology in increasing the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the second step of the revolution
Mohammad Pourghorban Gholamreza karimi Arsalan Ghorbani sheykh neshinPeaceful nuclear energy, as one of the mother industries, is widely used in other industries today and provides the grounds for growth, development and advancement in the domestic and international dimensions.. Considering the issue of achieving peaceful nuclear energy MorePeaceful nuclear energy, as one of the mother industries, is widely used in other industries today and provides the grounds for growth, development and advancement in the domestic and international dimensions.. Considering the issue of achieving peaceful nuclear energy in the form of a statement of the second step of the revolution presented by the Supreme Leader can be of great importance. How important nuclear technology has been viewed in the past and how important it is today and where it should move in the future and where it should reach is of great importance in the current era and the prevailing political climate. Using the statement of the second step of the revolution as the dominant theory of this research, the author seeks to look at peaceful nuclear technology from a strategic and strategic point of view and conceptualize it in the form of the second step of the revolution according to its tangible benefits. The main question of the research is how the implementation of the statement of the second step of the revolution will lead to the rise of the nuclear industry? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - مسئول جبران خسارات ناشی ازحوادث هستهای در کنوانسیونهای بینالمللی و حقوقایران
علیرضا یزدانیان هدیه حبیبیان -
Open Access Article
31 - انجام مطالعات اقتصادی و زیست محیطی نیروگاههای فسیلی و هستهای و ارائه گزینه بهینه
معصومه شجاعی ساناز نمازی مهتاب بیراوند -
Open Access Article
32 - بررسی تأثیر رشد مصرف انرژی هستهای بر رشد اقتصادی کشورهای منتخب
کریم امامی مهناز اکبری -
Open Access Article
33 - Measuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International Documents
peyman namamian Ebrahim AghamohammadiMeasuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International DocumentsPenal Code Penalties within the framework of criminal law as a group of rules applied at national, regional or international level to counteract nuclear-related or radioactive energy-related practices or MoreMeasuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International DocumentsPenal Code Penalties within the framework of criminal law as a group of rules applied at national, regional or international level to counteract nuclear-related or radioactive energy-related practices or governments requiring them to be criminally liable. Can be distinguished from other rules of the same manner based on the extremely dangerous nature inherent in nuclear or radioactive energy. The paper seeks to assess international standards for the criminalization of nuclear rights at the international level, including the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, and the UN Security Council resolutions.The paper seeks to assess international standards for the criminalization of nuclear rights at the international level, including the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, and the UN Security Council resolutions.Key Words: Nuclear Terrorism, International Law, Nuclear Law, Criminal Law, International Covenant of Anti-Terrorism, Security Council Resolutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Turkey Nuclear Activities: From Possibility To Refrain Towards Military Dimensions
saleh Rerzaei Pishrobat Fardin GhoreisiTurkey's nuclear activities in recent decades, including the 2010 agreement with Russia and the 2013 agreement with Japan to build and operate a 9,600-megawatt nuclear power plant, has changed discussion of the peaceful nature or focus of these activities on achieving n MoreTurkey's nuclear activities in recent decades, including the 2010 agreement with Russia and the 2013 agreement with Japan to build and operate a 9,600-megawatt nuclear power plant, has changed discussion of the peaceful nature or focus of these activities on achieving nuclear weapons capability into one of the important security issues in the field of international relations. Whether to what The extent Turkey can achieve the capability of producing nuclear weapons is a question that the present article, based on historical research techniques and invoke on valid resources, has evaluated its answer. The findings of the study indicate that due to conflicting views within Turkey, the country's limited technological capacity in the field of nuclear technology, lack of cooperation of international partners, opposition of major world powers and finally obstacles of the existing legal and international regime. Turkey does not seem likely to be able to produce nuclear weapons in the foreseeable future Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The International Capacities of the Legal Investigation of the Assassination of Nuclear Martyrs
saleh Rerzaei PishrobatThe assassination of Iran's nuclear scientists is one of the most important and bitter events of the country in recent decades. This issue can be examined from different perspectives and the present article examines and evaluates it from a legal perspective and in MoreThe assassination of Iran's nuclear scientists is one of the most important and bitter events of the country in recent decades. This issue can be examined from different perspectives and the present article examines and evaluates it from a legal perspective and in a descriptive-analytical way. The main question to which this article intents to answer is what capacities are there in the international arena for the legal investigation of the assassination of these scientists and to what extent can the Islamic Republic of Iran use them in order to exercise its legitimate rights? The hypothesis and findings of this research indicate that in the current situation, in international law, there are mechanisms for the legal investigation of the assassination of nuclear scientists, which in the present case, the Islamic Republic of Iran can also use them within the prescribed framework, But at the same time, there are some gaps and shortcomings in this field, which may face challenges in the legal pursuit of these assassinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Role of Think Tanks in America''s Nuclear Sanctions against Iran
Seyed Javad Emam Jomezadeh Mojtaba BabaeiAn in depth review of US policies on Iran reveals that Congress, the Israeli lobbies, the White House, think tanks and the media are the key players in the country''s foreign policy and a kind of intellectual alignment - there are procedural and interaction. So that the MoreAn in depth review of US policies on Iran reveals that Congress, the Israeli lobbies, the White House, think tanks and the media are the key players in the country''s foreign policy and a kind of intellectual alignment - there are procedural and interaction. So that the concept of think tanks and processing scenarios justify public functions and role of architects’ sanctions are responsible for the implementation and operation of the sanctions and give them feedback or expert advice about draft bills. In this article we''re going to role of think tanks in America to impose nuclear sanctions against Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A Comparative Study Of Nuclear Policy of president Ahmadinejad with the Nuclear discourse Of The Islamic revolution in Iran
Akbar Ashrafi Mahdi Soltani GerdframarziAbstractThis research investigates nuclear discourse of president Ahmadinejad and compares it with discourse of the Islamic revolution in Iran. The research method is discourse analysis and theory of Laclaue and Mouffe is used for analysis of the topic. The research exp MoreAbstractThis research investigates nuclear discourse of president Ahmadinejad and compares it with discourse of the Islamic revolution in Iran. The research method is discourse analysis and theory of Laclaue and Mouffe is used for analysis of the topic. The research explains how nuclear discourse of Ahmadinejad government is articulated and hegemonized then the research compares it with discourse of the Islamic revolution based on speeches of Ayatollah Khamenei the leader of the Islamic revolution in Iran. The research finds that articulation of nuclear discourse of president Ahmadinejad is accommodated discourse of the Islamic revolution in signifiers such as definite right of the Iranian nation, independence, justice, prestige, resistance, development, national technology and peaceful purposes. While some analysts have tried to introduce Ahmadinejad's nuclear discourse as a different discourse from the discourse of the revolution, and in fact an extreme and irrational discourse, the findings of this paper show that both two discourses have been in the same line. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Explaining Russia's Foreign Policy Approaches toward Iran Nuclear Dossier from Critical Geopolitics Perspective
HAMED SHAHBAZI Ardeshir SanaeiThe present study seeks to answer the question from the perspective of Critical Geopolitics how Russia's approaches towards Iran's nuclear dossier can be explained as a permanent member of the Security Council, a signatory of the JCPOA, and of course a mediator. Practic MoreThe present study seeks to answer the question from the perspective of Critical Geopolitics how Russia's approaches towards Iran's nuclear dossier can be explained as a permanent member of the Security Council, a signatory of the JCPOA, and of course a mediator. Practical geopolitics, as one of the four research areas of critical geopolitics, will provide an answer to why Russia's foreign policy is pragmatic and "multivector". The findings of the study explain the oscillations of Russia's foreign policy towards Tehran with a focus on multivectorism, opportunism, and pragmatism, and while recognizing geopolitical and economic considerations in the foundations of Russia's foreign policy, it argues that these approaches still have limitations in explaining some aspects of Russia's foreign policy decisions and actions due to their materialistic foundations. In fact, Russia, with the role of a mediator, while trying to keep Iran in its orbit, also takes advantage of the nuclear dossier of Iran in regulating its relations with the West. The method of descriptive-analytical research and the method of data collection is library. In this regard, books, articles, documents, internet resources, and comments of experts and relevant authorities have been used to collect data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Developments of Iran-Russia Relations, 1992-2016
ELAHEH KOOLAEE Afifeh AbediIran-Russia's seems very integrated and warm now, but during last 25 years there were many up and dawn in the course of their relations. Historical realities indicate these relations permanently have experienced very different stages. Many diverse factors have affected MoreIran-Russia's seems very integrated and warm now, but during last 25 years there were many up and dawn in the course of their relations. Historical realities indicate these relations permanently have experienced very different stages. Many diverse factors have affected their relation in domestic, regional and international levels. The two countries relations in 19 century have shaped their perceptions about others goals and aims. The events of the final stage of the world war II have a very deep impact on Iranian people and government. The Soviet supportive policy in the case of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan separative movement are very important factors in this regards. Policies and activities of Communist Tudeh party has a constant influence on this relation, both before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. These historical legacies in Iran- Russia's relations after the collapse of the Soviet Union continue its influence on the two countries relation, that shapes the main question of this paper. the authors use descriptive- analytical methodology for their research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Status of Iran's Nuclear Program in Israel's Security Doctrine
Hamid Nikoo Morteza SovailamiThe issue of Iran and the Zionist regime can be explained in the framework of the game of zero sum. It means that the existence of this regime is intolerable for the Islamic Republic of Iran and on the other hand, the Zionist regime accused the Islamic Republic of Iran MoreThe issue of Iran and the Zionist regime can be explained in the framework of the game of zero sum. It means that the existence of this regime is intolerable for the Islamic Republic of Iran and on the other hand, the Zionist regime accused the Islamic Republic of Iran as an existential threat to itself for reasons such as using Iran for its missile power and its nuclear program and significant influence in the Islamic world. In this way, this regime will take advantage of the potential and strategic capabilities of the West, including the United States. In this regard, creating a pressure to prevent the development of Iran's nuclear program is the security strategy of this regime. On the other hand, after the "deal" nuclear deal, it was promising that Iran's oil and finance sanctions would be eliminated in exchange for restrictions on nuclear enrichment. On the other hand, after a nuclear deal namely “Barjam”, it was promising that Iran's oil and finance sanctions in exchange for restrictions on nuclear enrichment will be eliminated. This agreement also reflects the consolidation of Iran as the hegemony of the region; an issue that seemed to have been accepted by the United States. But Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, condemned Iran's nuclear weapons as the worst possible outcome in the current situation. And so the Arab Persian Gulf states felt that they had been abandoned. This article examines the status of Iran's nuclear program in the Zionist security doctrine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Vienna Agreement: Continuation or Change in Nuclear Diplomacy?
Ahmad Soltaninejad Soheil Godarzi Mostafa NajafiAbstract: The long and complex negotiations between Iran and P5+1 on the nuclear conflict in the past twelve years, finally led to a comprehensive nuclear agreement between Iran and permanent members of the UN Security Council. This agreement not only recognizes the rig MoreAbstract: The long and complex negotiations between Iran and P5+1 on the nuclear conflict in the past twelve years, finally led to a comprehensive nuclear agreement between Iran and permanent members of the UN Security Council. This agreement not only recognizes the right of have and use of peaceful nuclear energy for Iran but also contains a joint program for removing the international sanctions against Iran. Regardless of consequences and primary estimates of nuclear agreement and It costs and benefits for Iran, the impact of diplomacy and foreign policy method that the eleventh administration has taken on this matter is one of the components that must be regarded. Accordingly, the main question in which this article has written on is: If achieving a common point to Resolution the nuclear dossier after twelve years conflict between Iran and international actors, in time of ruling moderation discourse on Iran's foreign policy is a Sign for significant change in nuclear diplomacy or is only the Continuation of past approaches in new conditions? This article through a casual-analytical study of diplomatic procedures in two periods; reformation (1997-2005) and moderation (2013-2015) seeks to proof this assumption that regarding to political and diplomatic procedures resulted in Vienna Agreement, it seems that eleventh administration's diplomacy is merely is a disport from the past offensive approach in foreign policy (2005-2013) and return to détente and trust building toward west, which had been applied in the early years of third millennium. The eleventh administration's foreign policy operation (in the case of nuclear deal) is based on trust building, détente and managed interaction with west in order to eliminating the distrust and pessimism about Iran's peaceful nuclear program; the same policy, that in the first round of negotiations was applied. Of course the tactics and mechanism of this kind of diplomacy are novel and original. So, considering the Coordinates of nuclear diplomacy leading to "Barjam" (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) it seems that this progress is the synthesis of continuation or change in Iranian diplomacy during recent years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Interaction and Contrast of International Environmental Law and International Nuclear Energy Law in Nuclear Accident in Fukushima Power Plant
Hojjat Salimi TurkamaniAlthough nowadays, nuclear energy has significant role in energy secure at international level, the risk of nuclear accidents due to inefficient nuclear safety and its negative environmental impact is one of the major challenges facing the development of nuclear energy. MoreAlthough nowadays, nuclear energy has significant role in energy secure at international level, the risk of nuclear accidents due to inefficient nuclear safety and its negative environmental impact is one of the major challenges facing the development of nuclear energy. The main issue is this weather international nuclear law is compatible with international environment law in the context of safety regime? and what mechanisms observe on respect of fundamental environment norms in nuclear activities? Assessing Provisions of international documents on nuclear energy implies attention of nuclear safety regime to the principles of international environmental law. However, in spite of promotion of nuclear safety regime, occurrence of nuclear accident in Fukushima power plant in 2011 in Japan showed that by now international environmental law and international nuclear energy law are not factually compatible in approaching to sustainable development. Actualizing of environmental principals included in international nuclear law and technology transferring from developed countries to developing counties based on article 4 of NPT could be positive step in declining of negative environmental effects of probable nuclear accidents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Explanation of the Eleventh Cabinet Nuclear Diplomacy in Iran by Applying the Decision-making Theory of Roseanau
Seyed Amir Niakoee Mohsen ZamaniBy the triumph of moderates in the eleventh presidential election in Iran, the Iranian foreign policy in general and more specifically its nuclear diplomacy has changed dramatically so that the compromise strategy has overcome the confrontation orientation. The present MoreBy the triumph of moderates in the eleventh presidential election in Iran, the Iranian foreign policy in general and more specifically its nuclear diplomacy has changed dramatically so that the compromise strategy has overcome the confrontation orientation. The present paper is to explain the factors behinds this dramatic change by applying the decision making theory of James Rosenau. The findings of the paper illustrate that respectively the international system; individual and social factors are more determinant factors and have crucial roles in the Iran’s nuclear diplomacy since 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Nuclear Weapons and the U. S. Strategy from the Washington Post Press during Khatami Era
Mohammadrahim Evazi Farzaneh SaifuriAbstract While have been talked about trying of European union to economic relations with Iran for expansion of political relations, many of analyst believed that it can be indication of independency of Europe from America and taking approach in principle from this un MoreAbstract While have been talked about trying of European union to economic relations with Iran for expansion of political relations, many of analyst believed that it can be indication of independency of Europe from America and taking approach in principle from this union. While in this competition and challenge, America with Europe in many items, didn't have any doubt. But with accuracy in revenue of this global actors in front of Iran are as a spirit in body. Emphasis of the European Union for the importance of Human rights and insisted of this subject, during planning economic or political problems show this reality. America follows the matter like expansion of the whole sale slaughter, struggle of Booshehr atomic power plant, accusation of hidden nuclear activities in Iran; continue codified form and programmable way to receive in weapons equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Comparison of Academic Motivation, Social Competence and Academic Identity of Children of Single-parent Families and Nuclear Families
raheleh shukuhi leyla bizhanikashkak fatemeh khazaeipoolThe purpose of this study was to compare academic motivation, social competence and academic identity of children of single-parent families and nuclear families. Using purposive sampling method, this cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 children of single-parent MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare academic motivation, social competence and academic identity of children of single-parent families and nuclear families. Using purposive sampling method, this cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 children of single-parent families and 50 children of nuclear families who were homogeneous in terms of their age. The study made use of the inventory of school motivation (ISM) (McInerney & Sinclair, 1992), adolescent multidimensional social competence questionnaire (AMSC-Q) (Gómez-Ortiz & et al., 2017) and academic identity status questionnaire (AISQ) (Wass & Isaacson, 2008). In this study, Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is a difference between academic motivation, social competence and academic identity among children of single-parent families and nuclear families. In this way, the children of single-parent families have lower scores in academic motivation, social competence and academic identity (achievement) than the children of nuclear families. The results also show that children of single-parent families have higher scores in academic identity (moratorium, diffusion and foreclose) than children of nuclear families. These results have important implications for family structure for their children's academic functions. Accordingly, educational psychologists and educational counselors can benefit from the results of the present study to improve the educational problems of single-parent children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigating the Role of Internal Discourses with Iran's Nuclear Diplomacy
saeid ajorlo majid tavasoli roknabadi abbas maleki sadeq zibakalamIn this paper, the influence of domestic policy discourses on the performance of political currents in nuclear negotiations will be examined. The hypothesis of the author's article is that the belief in reformist discourse has led to détente and political develop MoreIn this paper, the influence of domestic policy discourses on the performance of political currents in nuclear negotiations will be examined. The hypothesis of the author's article is that the belief in reformist discourse has led to détente and political development that this discourse opposes the challenge to advance in nuclear technology. On the contrary, fundamentalists perceive nuclear energy as a symbol of opposition and resistance to the West. Moderates are also in favor of building trust with the West to resolve the nuclear issue by believing in economic development and cooperation with the global system. Meanwhile, the composition of the political forces within the system is measured based on belief in the outcome or opposition to the achievement. In order to test the hypothesis, while reviewing some theories, the dimensions of the ideas of the main factions of Iran's politics will be examined on the basis of discourse theory, and then their performance in the context of nuclear negotiations will be evaluated. Iran's nuclear dispute led to a link between domestic politics and foreign policy, so that the ups and downs of this case caused changes in the arrangement of the internal political forces of the system. Some of the principals approached the moderates and led to a large gap between fundamentalists. The nuclear dispute created major gaps in Iranian politics. From the distance between the clergy and the principals until the close proximity of Dr. Vahili and Dr. Larijani to the moderation spectrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Studying and explaining the managerial style of Hazrat Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei in the case of the core of the Islamic Republic of Iran
mohammad javad fathi Azin sahabiAyatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (the Supreme Leader) in the dispute over the Islamic Republic of Iran's peaceful nuclear program and the long-term diplomatic engagement with the West, which eventually led to the formation of the so-called Borjam nuclear deal. They played MoreAyatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (the Supreme Leader) in the dispute over the Islamic Republic of Iran's peaceful nuclear program and the long-term diplomatic engagement with the West, which eventually led to the formation of the so-called Borjam nuclear deal. They played an effective and decisive leadership role. The present study seeks to answer the main question, on what basis did the Supreme Leader of the Revolution manage the conflict over Iran's nuclear program and the processes leading to the nuclear deal - Borjam - and the so-called post-Borjam period? The hypothesis that has been tested in answer to this question is that His Holiness has guided the above process by combining the two models of hard leadership and soft leadership in the form of a new model of intelligent leadership style. He has implemented this process in two ways: institutional-structural (hard) and non-institutional (soft). The findings of the article show that institutional-structural management has been implemented through the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Supreme National Security Council, the formation of the Borjam Supervision Team, and military institutions. The non-institutional management model also emphasizes the fundamental role of the people, avoiding excesses in the UN Security Council, clarifying the nature of the other side, encouraging negotiations, inviting national unity, emphasizing the need to fully lift sanctions, adopting strategic rationality and Ongoing monitoring of the other side's movements, resolving internal strategic weaknesses, determining the mission of the government and the negotiating team, and requiring the continuation of the nuclear industry have been implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The role of Route 2 Diplomacy in Reducing International Conflicts (Case Study: Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America)
Hassan Khodaverdi Eisa KameliMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularl MoreMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularly for those parties who face a lack of communications and formal relations, a two-track diplomacy will be a suitable alternative. Such technique requires the approval and sufficient support of all parties involved in order to overcome its challenges and unavoidable limitations and achieve the desirable results. The current research intends to answer the following question: what is the correlation between the use of two-track diplomacy and decrease in conflicts? The reason for selecting this issue is to analyze the role of two-track diplomacy in the context of the U.S.-Iran conflict seeing as there has been a scarcity of focus on this issue in past scholarships.The current research intends to articulate the hypothesis that two-track diplomacy has played a key role in decreasing conflicts within its capacity. This form of diplomacy has proven successful, on occasions, namely in bringing about the Iran nuclear deal and contributed to the change in atmosphere of bilateral conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - امکانسنجی قابلیت برجام به عنوان الگوی حل و فصل اختلافات هستهای
mostafa amiri Homayoun Habibi
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