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Open Access Article
1 - سرمایه اجتماعی در افق چشم انداز بیست ساله
دکتر اسمعیل kavoosi elaheh heidarizadeh -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the Relationship Structure of Knowledge-based Urban Development Stakeholders In Isfahan Using Social Network Analysis
Mostafa Dehghani Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini, , Esfandiar ZebardastToday, cities are the center of development and the place of production and sharing of knowledge and play a fundamental role in knowledge-based development (KBD). However, due to the novelty of the knowledge-based Urban Development (KBUD) Studies and the lack of systema MoreToday, cities are the center of development and the place of production and sharing of knowledge and play a fundamental role in knowledge-based development (KBD). However, due to the novelty of the knowledge-based Urban Development (KBUD) Studies and the lack of systematic development of its theoretical foundations, There have not been many reports of the success or failure of KBUD policies and the challenges they face in cities in developing countries. However, in order to create an integrated interaction between urban resources and stakeholders, good governance and strong political leadership, scientific and technological pioneers are needed to address the weakness of institutional arrangements and the inadequacy of governance tools. indeed, given the need for local government political will and support for increased organizational cooperation with civil society and citizens, for the KBUD stakeholders who have both the power and motivation and sufficient interest to establish and promote KBUD And it is necessary to reduce the barriers to their participation. Therefore, strengthening stakeholder trust and participation is an appropriate tool to move towards KBUD, and KBUD analysis of key stakeholder relations networks is an important and effective first step in this regard. Therefore, the present study aims to expand the participation of local stakeholders and strengthen trust and interaction between them to create institutional changes responsive to KBUD Isfahan, by analyzing communication networks, trust and participation of key stakeholders KBUD Isfahan using social network analysis method (SNA), identify and analyze the pattern of trust and participation of stakeholders that is the basis for the sharing of knowledge between them. The general strategy of the research is a case study with a pragmatic paradigm orientation and is descriptive-exploratory in terms of operational purpose. The results show that despite the great importance of the political will of the local government and its comprehensive support for the expansion of organizational cooperation with civil society and citizens in the global experience of forming KBUD, The main stakeholders who play a key role in promoting and guiding the KBUD and involvement of other stakeholders are usually the city council, the municipality, and other local non-governmental organizations and centers. This reflects the active and progressive civil society in these cities. While in Isfahan, despite the significant role of the city council and municipality, most of the main and central stakeholders of KBUD, such as the Governorate, Management and Planning Organization, Road and Urban Development Organization, government organizations with a governing role. This indicates the nature of centralized government, the power and superior resources of the government over other actors in society and the weakness of network governance, as well as the difficulty of forming the bottom-up process of creating KBUD in Isfahan. Under these circumstances, those in power in the network may organize resources to their advantage and, by controlling the public discourse of the network, provide grounds for excluding or marginalizing the weak actors of the network. Of course, it should be noted that the government plays a pivotal role in the process of knowledge-based urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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Sh. Nikvand -
Open Access Article
4 - Benefit SEQOQ (or islamic investment) and related risk covering
Taghe Torabi Samaneh Tarighi Abdolah Daryabor Peyman TataeiOne of the innovations of the last decade in the field of Islamic monetary and financial debates is the publication of a variety of Islamic securities which is designed on the basis of Islamic agreements and appropriate alternative to the unlawful profit securities part MoreOne of the innovations of the last decade in the field of Islamic monetary and financial debates is the publication of a variety of Islamic securities which is designed on the basis of Islamic agreements and appropriate alternative to the unlawful profit securities particularly is counted the bonds.This article discusses the publication of interest securities, explanation of types of the risks associated with its securities and its stakeholders and also provide the management strategies, reduce and or coverage of these securities risk. It is expected to provide disseminate and improve these more financial instruments in Islamic countries with explaining the interest bonds ways and especially the risk of these securities. The interest securities is negotiable securities which is published based on Islamic agreements and represent its holders condominium on future interests and durable assets that transferred in lieu of payment of specified sum and the holders of the securities may benefit financial same and equivalent of the interests. As per findings, this research and model provided shall be operated for these securities, stakeholders of debts including sponsor (durable asset owners), real customers and investors and the interest securities shall be the instrument for return and coverage of the risk of each of the stakeholders. The sponsor of the securities covered the risk of future interests' sale for its asset, safe return investors, real customers, beneficial right from future interests for basic asset with publication, investing and or purchasing the interest securities. Although the interest securities in the frame of the research is a financial tool to gain the return and coverage of the risk, but like any other financial asset is exposed to various risks such as interest rate, liquidity and operational risks and also etc. which is presented as much as possible coverage guidelines of these risks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Model CEO's Persuasion by Disclosure of Financial Information
Mohammadreza Abdoli Hasan Valiyan Abbas Biniyaz Davood HassanpourCEO as a decision-maker at the head of the company, especially firms of their nature, is based on agency theory, plays an important role in increasing the level of transparency and creating information symmetry. Persuasiveness behavior as a component of other science to MoreCEO as a decision-maker at the head of the company, especially firms of their nature, is based on agency theory, plays an important role in increasing the level of transparency and creating information symmetry. Persuasiveness behavior as a component of other science topics and issues developed capital market and financial management which may affect management approaches in disclosure. The purpose of this research is Presenting the CEO's model of persuasion through disclosure of financial information based on comprehensive structural-interpretative analysis (TISM). This combined research is based on qualitative and quantitative methodology. The statistical community of the quantitative section included 18 university professionals who specialize in financial and accounting management. The statistical population of the qualitative section included 30 managers of Tehran Stock Exchange companies that participated in the matrix analysis section. In this study, firstly, statements about the persuasive ways of managing the financial information disclosure began through a large study of relevant content and after categorizing 79 articles, the researchers terminated the classified articles, and in the end, 24 studies were introduced into the analysis further. After completing the process, 17 statements were identified in terms of three components that were reduced to 15 after Delphi analysis. In the Structural-Interpretative Analysis section (TISM), which is due to the mathematical and operational complexity of Structural-Interpretative Analysis (ISM), it was identified in the model presented. Stimulating the aspirations and expectations of shareholders and investors as a proposition of psychological approaches to persuasion and distortion through the massive display of regulatory and control mechanisms as the proposition of philanthropic approaches as the most influential statements by the CEO in disclosing information and reporting accompanying financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Managing Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Methods in Children with Cancer: a Review Study
Zeynab Hajitabar Seyed Jamaloddin Tabibi Seyed Davoud Nasrollapour Shirvani Bayram PakravanCost-effectiveness evaluation of therapeutic interventions is important for optimal allocation of resources in the health sector, especially in developing countries. This research is a narrative review aiming at comparison of treatment methods in children with cancer. MoreCost-effectiveness evaluation of therapeutic interventions is important for optimal allocation of resources in the health sector, especially in developing countries. This research is a narrative review aiming at comparison of treatment methods in children with cancer. Methods: The present study was conducted by searching four databases, SID, Scopus, Pubmed and Google Scholar using keywords (cost-effectiveness, economic evaluation, cost-benefit, cost, cancer, and children) to find related articles published between 2000 and 2020. The obtained articles were included in the study after complying with the inclusion criteria. Results: After checking the inclusion criteria, 8 studies were included in the present review. In most studies, surgical procedures or newer drugs (such as laparoscopy or recombinant drugs) were more cost-effective. Most of the studies had examined the economic value of treatment methods in the form of cost-benefit analysis. Conclusion: Primary studies of cost-benefit analysis in the field of health interventions are increasing. Because such analyzes can play an important role in optimizing the use of resources and facilities and improving health status of communities. Review studies can help health managers and policymakers by summarizing the results of primary studies for proper financial planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of Traslative theory of the lease of premises
Marzieh AfzalimehrLease of premises is a contract have a lot of application in society.inaccordance with existance of some practical results on divisionbetween translative and promissory theory of the lease :such aspossibility of possession of interests to others by lease holderanalysis MoreLease of premises is a contract have a lot of application in society.inaccordance with existance of some practical results on divisionbetween translative and promissory theory of the lease :such aspossibility of possession of interests to others by lease holderanalysis of the translative theory-that is an accepted theory byfamous Islamic jurisprudents and civil law- is nessacery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Transaction of Tobacco Products in Jurisprudence
Reza SheikholislamiThe jurists have been deliberating on its selling and smoking, and of course there has not been any agreement among them in this regard. This research considers the relevant jurisprudence evidences and principles comprehensively. The main point is that buying and sellin MoreThe jurists have been deliberating on its selling and smoking, and of course there has not been any agreement among them in this regard. This research considers the relevant jurisprudence evidences and principles comprehensively. The main point is that buying and selling the filthy (najes) and useless goods, and those which play any role in “sin commitment” are prohibited in Islam, so some jurists claim that the transaction of tobacco products is forbidden, while the others believe it is lawful because the pictures on cigarettes’ pockets warn smokers. It concludes that the important factor which played and plays fundamental role in Islamic commandments about smoking is “customary low” (Orf) and so the jurists must consider all the aspects of the problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Meta-Analysis of the Social Participation Studies
Khadijeh Safiri Roghayeh Tamiz -
Open Access Article
10 - Social Justice and Spatiale equity; An investignation and theoritical comparing of John Rowls and David Harvey
حسین Hataminezhad عمران RastiThe Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th centu MoreThe Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th century and David Harvey is most outstanding geographer insecond half of 20th century too. They have many philosophic approaches and articlesabout social Justice and spatial equity. This paper is going to investigate justiceconcept from point of their views and represent their common and differentiationviews. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Estimating the Cost of damages to Ecosystem Services Due to Metals Mining of copper, gold, bauxite and iron Ore in Iran and its comparative analysis with the cost of global damages
jalil badamfirooz Roya Mousazadeh hamid sarkheilBackground and Objective: Metal mining has significant negative effects on natural ecosystems within the mining site. Considering that the consequences of metal mining on ecosystem services provided by natural ecosystems within the influence of the mining sites in the c MoreBackground and Objective: Metal mining has significant negative effects on natural ecosystems within the mining site. Considering that the consequences of metal mining on ecosystem services provided by natural ecosystems within the influence of the mining sites in the country have not been evaluated so far, the main objective of this study is to estimate the cost of environmental damages in order to protect natural ecosystems which can better facilitate decision making of the environmental planners. Material and Methodology: In this study, the cost of the damages on ecosystem services due to metal mining was estimated using the benefits transfer approach, and a comparative analysis of the estimated damages with global findings related to the ecosystem services costs of the four four metals gold, copper, bauxite, and iron ore were conducted in 2020. Findings: In this rsearch, the total cost of damages to ecosystem services (loss of ecosystem services values) due to mining of four metals gold, copper, bauxite, and iron ore, in the total relevant biomes, is estimated at 57253180 million IRR (equivalent to the US $ 248 million) in the year (2020), which Its share is estimated at 4.6% compared to the global estimate of the total cost of ecosystem services resulting from the mining of four metals, gold, iron ore, copper and bauxite ($ 5.4 billion in 2016), which is a significant figure. The share of the total cost of ecosystem services due to mining the four metals in the forest ecosystem is approximately 86%, in the rangeland ecosystem 14%, and for the wetland ecosystem 0.06%. Discussion and Conclusion: The highest damage costs for ES are estimated for forest and rangeland ecosystems, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to try to create and implement sustainable development laws in the mining life cycle, even after the closure of mines due to long-term effects on the environment. Manuscript profile -
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محمدرضا صبور حمید رضا کمالان -
Open Access Article
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Seyed Masoud Monavari Zahra Abedi Hanieh Gharehbakhsh -
Open Access Article
14 - Brand benefit bonds, as a financial instrument for companies with human capital and intellectual properties
Ahmadali Mohasesi Mahdi Madanchi ZajSecuritization of assets is a process in which organizations and banks sort out assets in their balance sheets and use them as a guarantee to issue bonds and attract investors to participate in financing projects. In recent decades, many companies have been using these MoreSecuritization of assets is a process in which organizations and banks sort out assets in their balance sheets and use them as a guarantee to issue bonds and attract investors to participate in financing projects. In recent decades, many companies have been using these methods to raise funds. Using frozen assets for financing, better risk management, increasing efficiency in business and reducing finance costs are all securitization benefits. One of the valuable properties for knowledge based (like IT and high tech companies) and human skill based companies (like sport clubs) is brand that is categorized under intangible assets in financial statements. This essay tries to introduce new financial instrument named brand benefit bonds and its implementation structure to finance companies with creditable brands by using securitization general process. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of this new instrument and suitable methods of risk management are discussed. Finally, the authors' suggestions to implement this financial instrument are mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Jurisprudential Principles and Legal References of Public Interest’s Precedence over Property Rights by Focusing on Qur'an
Davoud Qasemi Qumars KamariThe philosophy of the state and government agencies is to provide public service, and there may be a conflict between the public interest and property rights in this regard. In such circumstances, priority is given to the public interest and appropriation, as one of the MoreThe philosophy of the state and government agencies is to provide public service, and there may be a conflict between the public interest and property rights in this regard. In such circumstances, priority is given to the public interest and appropriation, as one of the examples of administrative actions of the government, is based on the theory of public service; because appropriation is realized in case of eliminating the conflict between collective interests and individual interests and due to public service and preferential rules. Administrative rights in ownership are also supported by the same service. But the main question that is raised and examined in the present article is what are the jurisprudential principles and legal references of the priority of public interest over property rights? This article is a descriptive – analytical study and surveys the abovementioned question using the library method. The results show that the priority of public interest over private property based on public interest is accepted in jurisprudence and rules such as the rule of guardianship over abstinence, the rule of “no harm” and “Anfal” are the most important rules and principles of jurisprudence that affect the priority of public interest over property rights in the Iranian legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - خرید و فروش اعضای بدن انسان از منظر فقه امامیه
farideh asghari seyed hasan Abediyan kalkhoranبا رشد دانش پزشکی و دست یافتن به فن آوری نوین، بستری برای استفاده از اعضای بدن جهت درمان، مهیا شد. در کشورهای اسلامی با توجه به خاستگاه دینی بودن قوانین، مشروعیت این انتقال مورد سوال واقع می شود که: آیا خرید و فروش اعضای بدن انسان، جائز است؟ طرح این پرسش و جستجوی پاسخ Moreبا رشد دانش پزشکی و دست یافتن به فن آوری نوین، بستری برای استفاده از اعضای بدن جهت درمان، مهیا شد. در کشورهای اسلامی با توجه به خاستگاه دینی بودن قوانین، مشروعیت این انتقال مورد سوال واقع می شود که: آیا خرید و فروش اعضای بدن انسان، جائز است؟ طرح این پرسش و جستجوی پاسخ آن از منظر نصوص و ادله شرعی فقه امامیه، بهانه ای برای رقم زدن این نوشتار به روش توصیفی تحلیلی شد. در این مساله مستحدثه، تعدادی از فقهای امامیه، با استناد به آیات و روایات و اجماع دال بر بطلان بیع میته و ...، حکم تکلیفی آن را حرمت و حکم وضعی این خرید و فروش را باطل دانسته اند. در مقابل، گروه قائلین به حلیت و صحت این معامله با تمسک به عمومات و اطلاقات آیات و روایات؛ ضمن نقد و بررسی قول اول، با توجه به ترتب منفعت محلله عقلایی بر پیوند اعضا برای رسیدن به غرض عقلایی نجات جان انسان و رهایی از درد و رنج بیماری؛ با استفاده از شمول عمومات ادله بیع بر جواز و صحت خرید و فروش اشیای دارای منفعت و اغراض عقلایی، نظریه جواز و صحت معامله را تأکید و تقویت نمودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Buy and Sell blood from the perspective of Jurisprudence
masoumeh motallebi سید محمد شفیعی مازندرانیBlood is one of the eleven uncleanness that was unclean in Islam, and it is honor. While in the past to no avail blood not only was not there but it was Tnfrnyz. Today, with the advancement of medical knowledge and diverse use of human blood and blood products is especi MoreBlood is one of the eleven uncleanness that was unclean in Islam, and it is honor. While in the past to no avail blood not only was not there but it was Tnfrnyz. Today, with the advancement of medical knowledge and diverse use of human blood and blood products is especially critical been a special place. No tapping of blood and blood products not treated the great wheel turns and many surgeries will be difficult. The aim of this paper is to consider the matter to be proved that the blood is beneficial Pricing Mhllh anus. Ksyrh and benefits of human life today is desperately needed and, if necessary and possible emergency use and operation. Manuscript profile -
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akbar zakerian سید محمد مرتضوی لنگرودی مهدی ملکوتی خواهAbstract: The opportunity loss can be called an anonymous phrase for domestic law, a phrase that has been talked about and researched a few years, but it has not been so fortunate enough in the formulation of rules. Whether we know the opportunity as an obstacle creati MoreAbstract: The opportunity loss can be called an anonymous phrase for domestic law, a phrase that has been talked about and researched a few years, but it has not been so fortunate enough in the formulation of rules. Whether we know the opportunity as an obstacle creation besides privilege of a person from a special occasion or an obstacle for detriment avoidance entrance to people, its write off nature is one thing and certainly supporting for a complete legal system is not venial. However, it can be seen from Jurisprudential detailed study that in some cases the jurists although not explicitly, but in a way have turned against opportunity loss issue and considered it a kind of disadvantage. Therefore, it is possible to observe the principles of law in relation to the responsibility of the opportunity loss in jurisprudence and proceeded to this direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of Auditors' Narcissism and Machiavellianism on Organizational Backstabbing with the Mediating Role of Self- interest
Reza Asgharpour HassankiyadehThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of auditors' narcissism and Machiavellianism on organizational backstabbing with the mediating role of personal self-interest. In terms of purpose, this research is a descriptive-survey application. The stat MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of auditors' narcissism and Machiavellianism on organizational backstabbing with the mediating role of personal self-interest. In terms of purpose, this research is a descriptive-survey application. The statistical population of the study was the members of the Iranian Certified Accountant Society in 2023, and 318 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula and available sampling method. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire whose validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were done in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics using structural equation modeling and SPSS and Smart PLS statistical software. The research results show that the narcissistic and Machiavellian characters of auditors have a positive and significant effect on organizational backstabbing and personal self-interest. Also, the results showed that auditors' self-interest has a positive and significant effect on organizational backstabbing and plays a strong and aggravating mediating role between narcissism and Machiavellianism and organizational backstabbing. The results of the research show the special importance of organizational flooding and its destructive effects in organizations and audit institutions, which requires the special attention of officials in this field in order to prevent the appearance of dark and self-interested personalities in the organization, and this will increase the audit profession and the quality of audit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The foundations of mother's guardianship in Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law with a look at its foundations in American law
Hasan Falah seyed javad seyedalizadeh ghangi bahnam ghanbarpoorHuman nature and the benefit of the child and the society require that the guardianship of the child and the management of his affairs be entrusted to people who are more closely related to him and who are interested in his fate and happiness.Although the laws are not t MoreHuman nature and the benefit of the child and the society require that the guardianship of the child and the management of his affairs be entrusted to people who are more closely related to him and who are interested in his fate and happiness.Although the laws are not the same in determining the persons who are in charge of this position and how to apply it, as well as regarding the prisoners who are under compulsory guardianship.In accordance with Imami jurisprudence, the civil law in articles 1180 and 1181 places the guardianship of the child on the father and the paternal ancestor on the same level as the father, and does not foresee any type of guardianship for the mother.Therefore, in the inquiry regarding the question of what basis and criteria can the mother's guardianship be based on in the laws of Iran and America; With the descriptive-analytical method according to the time requirements of the current period, this province can be considered for parents.In American law, at first, due to the low social status of women and the unreasoning control of them by their husbands, they did not have any rights regarding child custody.Finally, in addition to the fundamental differences in the laws of the two countries regarding the rules of the mother's guardianship over her children, with the focus on the expediency and needs of the child, it is possible to favor the priority of the mother's dignified guardianship in some cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - مطالعه و تعیین نقش ویژگیهای فردی کارمندان بانک در ایجاد روابط صمیمانه آنان با مشتریان )مورد مطالعه:بانک ملت استان زنجان(
سولماز سیدی ابهری محمود نورایی ایرج ساعی ارسی -
Open Access Article
22 - The Pathology of Termination of Governmental Contracts in the Jurisprudence of Iran and France
soraya chaharmiri valiyolah ansari hasan khosraviThe government contract is the main way of delegating government sovereignty to the private sector. Due to the ambiguity in many concepts in the field of termination of government contracts, jurisprudence plays a decisive role in both the Iranian and French legal system MoreThe government contract is the main way of delegating government sovereignty to the private sector. Due to the ambiguity in many concepts in the field of termination of government contracts, jurisprudence plays a decisive role in both the Iranian and French legal systems. The main question of the present study by descriptive-analytical method, is that according to the existing judicial procedure, what ambiguities and challenges does the legal system governing the termination of the Iranian government contract have in comparison with the French system? Presently, ambiguities such as conflict of laws, the scope of the right to terminate the contract and the existence of the differential procedure of termination of the contract have been the most important ambiguities of the legal system governing the termination of the contract compared to France. The most important challenges in the field of jurisdiction of administrative courts and how to intervene and apply some conditions of administrative termination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Restriction of Private Property Based on Public Interest in Iranian Judicial Law
Babak golmoammadi Mehdi Falah KharikiBabak golmoammadi[1] Mehdi Falah Khariki[2] Abstract: The issue of government restriction of ownership is important in public law, and judicial procedures and legal theories are the best examples. The present article describes analytical and using a library MoreBabak golmoammadi[1] Mehdi Falah Khariki[2] Abstract: The issue of government restriction of ownership is important in public law, and judicial procedures and legal theories are the best examples. The present article describes analytical and using a library method to examine the purpose of recognizing Iran's legal approach to the restriction of private property for the public interest, to the main question that the interests of private property and the public interest to the extent of ownership and based on public interest. It has been argued that the benefits of private and public property have been maximized by limiting ownership based on public interest, and that a balance has been struck that the results are an element with which the government can, if necessary, seize private property. The general public and society are concerned with the individual interests of individuals. Theoretical foundations of ownership, as one of the examples of government administrative actions, are based on theory [1] - PhD student in Private Law, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Mazandaran, Iran [2] - Assistant Professor, Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Amoli Branch, Mazandaran, Iran Manuscript profile -
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24 - Sociological analysis of cultural-artistic justice through spatial justice (Case study of the five districts of Arak)
Mehdi mobaraki Bagher saroukhani Mansoor vosooghIn this article, with the approach of spatial justice, the status of distribution and establishment of cultural-artistic facilities (as one of the bases for the formation of cultural activities) is analyzed and the relationship between the distribution of these faciliti MoreIn this article, with the approach of spatial justice, the status of distribution and establishment of cultural-artistic facilities (as one of the bases for the formation of cultural activities) is analyzed and the relationship between the distribution of these facilities and cultural-artistic needs and entitlements in Arak. The research method is a mix method. Quantitatively, data were collected using a questionnaire and sampling method appropriate to the volume in the quality of collecting information related to physical studies (the amount and manner of distribution of cultural-artistic uses in urban areas) with secondary analysis and then location. According to the results, the pattern of spatial distribution of cultural-artistic facilities based on the needs and entitlements of citizens in the city of Arak is inefficient, unequal and unjust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Phenomenology of cultural barriers to development in Zanjan
Leila Naderloo Robabeh Pourjabali Mahbooe BabaeiThe main purpose of this research is to study, understand and conceptualize the concept of development culture and barriers to development in Zanjan, which in terms of the purpose of applied research and in terms of method, qualitative research with a phenomenological a MoreThe main purpose of this research is to study, understand and conceptualize the concept of development culture and barriers to development in Zanjan, which in terms of the purpose of applied research and in terms of method, qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. The average duration of each interview was 30 to 60 minutes. Klaizi analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the spread of globalization and the advancement of technology and the culture of misuse of development tools such as the Internet, satellite, cyberspace, etc., has shaken the foundation of families, tendency to individualism and negative utilitarianism, as well as the opposition between tradition and modernity, extreme prejudice. Severe prejudice, from alienation and consumerism, the occurrence of cultural changes to cultural development, Lack of social demands, lack of attention to legalism and correct social behavior, failure to realize social, cultural, symbolic, human, economic, political and ... Capital renaissance , Other cultural barriers to development were developed from the results of the study.the Conflict of interest Manuscript profile -
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26 - A Legal and Jurisprudential Perspective on the Challenge of Financial Compensation for Spiritual Damage in Courts
فاطمه السادت حسینی Mahmoud Ghaumzadeh Mohamm RahbarPourIslam,like every ideological or belief system is based on a philosophy, the entirety of which,from its existence to its general perspective to human, society, and the world beyond, indicates the specific intellectual system of the adherents of that school. Besides, law, MoreIslam,like every ideological or belief system is based on a philosophy, the entirety of which,from its existence to its general perspective to human, society, and the world beyond, indicates the specific intellectual system of the adherents of that school. Besides, law, due to its own philosophy,has a particular attitude toward the element of loss in human relations, since it is a source of violation of the rights of individuals and society.Thus, what we aim to say in the field of legislation and Tashri'(Islamic legislation), in the first place, is that in case of damage, if the divine legislator(God)does not establish a rule,it cannot be inferred that the issue is out of the domain of the legal system, because the lack of guarantee in compensation for spiritual damage causes the aggrieved party to suffer loss, and therefore,the no-harm rule will deny the lack of guarantee. However, rational unconsciousness holds that there is a guarantee and the damaging party will, in general, be liable to pay compensation.In this paper, with an approach to the no-harm rule, we attempt to study the way of its practical application in the face Manuscript profile -
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27 - Judicial Analysis in Loss of Opportunity Acceptance
Jamileh Jafari Mohammad hadi Mahdavi     Loss of chance theory that related to compensation of damages because of the loss of opportunity has been posed in the world legal community for about half of a century, but there is also the issue of vote violence in this field and there are no judicial prec More     Loss of chance theory that related to compensation of damages because of the loss of opportunity has been posed in the world legal community for about half of a century, but there is also the issue of vote violence in this field and there are no judicial precedents. In Iranian law efforts to achieving the criteria for a claim of damages resulting from lost opportunity has not been made. In today's world people`s valuable opportunities that could lead to profit or disposal of harmful in the future has been taken into consideration and waste of them should not be overlooked according to common law. This study aims to find the right solution by using general rules of Fiqh (Jurisprudence) such as rule of negation of loss, wastefulness and casualty and it is based on a rational foundation. By placing it among the most valuable, convertible to money and tangible assets of individuals, the existing doubt prove liability of missed opportunity has been set aside and proper steps has been taken to prepare the appropriate legal ground for acceptance of loss of opportunity as a claim for loss compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Judicial and Lawful Study of Compensability of Wasted Profit
sekineh karamiAfter approval of the code of civil procedure in public and revolution courts which note 2 of article 515 of it declared that damage arise from loss of profit is not demandable, in the light of different interpretations introduced about it, position of Iran law about MoreAfter approval of the code of civil procedure in public and revolution courts which note 2 of article 515 of it declared that damage arise from loss of profit is not demandable, in the light of different interpretations introduced about it, position of Iran law about compensability of wasted profits became ambiguous. Because of legal importance of determining scope of compensable damages in context of tort and contract liability more research about grounds and context of that provision is necessary. In order to offering just interpretation from that provision its jurisprudential origin and other statutes related to liability of wasting profits ought to be considered. Position of Imamiyeh jurisprudence about compensability of lost profits and indications of other related provisions dictates this view that from this provision can be followed only impermissibility of demanding loss of profit in context of contractual liability and utmost dining liability for wasting of inconclusive profits and legislator was not about general forbidding compensability of damage arise from loss of profits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Basics of blood transaction in the thought of Imami jurists
ahmadreza khazaeiBlood is one of the eleven impurities that is recognized in the holy sharia of Islam and its use is also forbidden. In the past, not only were there no benefits to blood, but there was also hatred. Most of the first Sadr jurists who were exposed to this issue have expre MoreBlood is one of the eleven impurities that is recognized in the holy sharia of Islam and its use is also forbidden. In the past, not only were there no benefits to blood, but there was also hatred. Most of the first Sadr jurists who were exposed to this issue have expressed fatwas sanctifying blood trade. The sayings of the jurists in this matter are: absolute sanctity, detail between impure and pure blood, independent sanctity and permission along with other objects, permission to trade in cases of lawful interests. The arguments of those who believe in sanctity are: consensus, non-taxation of blood, impurity of blood, originality of corruption in contracts, support for sin, verses, and narrations. But today, with the advancement of medical knowledge and the various uses of blood, especially human blood and its products, it has found a special vital place. The subject of time and place and its requirements in the field of jurisprudence is something that has been evident in the jurisprudence of Imam Khomeini since the pre-Islamic period, and has been directly related to the nature of realism in his jurisprudence. One example of this dynamic ijtihad is his views on the blood transaction. This article tries to study the blood transaction according to the opinions of Imami jurists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Analysis of the Role of Justice and Development’s Party Leaders in Turkey’s Strategic Actions in Internal Politics and Foreign policy
null null hossein arabian Alireza AghahosseiniAbstract: With the coming into power of the Justice and Development Party in 2002, Turkey has pursued different and paradoxical policies in internal and external affairs. The present article wants to study these changes in policy orientation and their relations with Jus MoreAbstract: With the coming into power of the Justice and Development Party in 2002, Turkey has pursued different and paradoxical policies in internal and external affairs. The present article wants to study these changes in policy orientation and their relations with Justice and Development Party leaders thinking. Therefore the article wants to find out that basically what factors determine the policy orientation of Turkish leaders in strategic spheres like the relation of religion and politics, democracy, economy and new Ottomanism and how these factors affect Turkey's policy decisions? The hypothesis of the article is " the Justice and Development Party wants to keep itself in power and keeps its interests by making using of a tinge of identity in internal and external policies. Hence from the view point of the article the mutual impact of structure and agents in Turkey's political development has led Justice and Development Party leaders in Turkey to follow an interest and identity seeking approach. This approach on the one hand tries to expand Turkish model of governance and on the other hand emphasizes on mutual relations of West and East (Islamic World). The purpose of Turkish leaders is to keep their hold on power. Such attitude has left fundamental impact on Turkish decisions in matters like secularism, liberal economy and Neo-Ottomanism. In addition they have proven to determine today's Turkish policies towards the region. The methodology used in the paper is document analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The social dialectic of space ad culture Recognition and sociological explanation of spatial distribution of culture in Arak
باقر saroukhani mehdi mobaraki منصور وثوقیApplying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goal is to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning system, attribution and distribution of cultural applications as the plat MoreApplying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goal is to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning system, attribution and distribution of cultural applications as the platform for the gestation of cultural activities. It also tries to determine the conformity of these spaces with the needs and cultural eligibility of citizens. The primary question around which this study hinges on is whether the spatial distribution of culture in Arak is just. To do so, quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analyzed simultaneously. A survey is conducted to collect quantitative data pertaining to the amount and type of cultural demands and variables related to eligibility. Moreover, the sampling methods is PPS. Secondary analysis is used to gather information about the distribution of cultural land use in Arak and GIS software is applied to localize the obtained data. According to the results, the patterns of spatial distribution of culture in the examined areas of Arak are problematic, inefficient and unjust. Additionally, the distribution of cultural facilities in urban areas is limited, inefficient and unequal. Also, there is no significant relationship between public interest and the cultural needs and eligibility of citizens in the urban areas studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - .The social dialectics of space ad culture: Recognition and a sociological explanation of spatial distribution
mehdi mobaraki .Bagher .Sarookhani .Mansoor .Vosooghi.Applying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goals are to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning systems, and also understand the attribution and distri More.Applying spatial justice, this paper tries to probe deeply into the true nature of objectified culture in Arak. Our ultimate goals are to recognize the position and role of culture in urban planning systems, and also understand the attribution and distribution of cultural applications as the platform for the formation of cultural activities. It also tries to determine the conformity of these spaces with cultural needs and eligibility of citizens. To do so, quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analyzed simultaneously. A survey is conducted to collect quantitative data pertaining to the amount and type of cultural demands and eligibility. Moreover, the sampling methods is PPS. Secondary analysis is used to gather information about the distribution of cultural land use in Arak and GIS software is applied to localize the obtained data. According to the results, the patterns of spatial distribution of culture in the examined areas of Arak are problematic, inefficient and unjust. Additionally, the distribution of cultural facilities in urban areas is limited, inefficient and unequal. Also, there is no significant relationship between public interests and the cultural needs and eligibility of citizens in the urban areas studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - ارزیابی اقتصادی پرورش شترمرغ با استفاده از رویکرد فازی در سیستان
ز. غفاری مقدمتخصیص بهینه منابع یکی از اساسی­ترین مفاهیم مورد توجه در علم اقتصاد است. لذا موضوع ارزیابی اقتصادی طرح­ها در شرایط عدم قطعیت می‏تواند نقش بسیار مهمی در این زمینه خصوصاً در کشورهای درحال توسعه ایفا نماید. در این مطالعه با استفاده از مفاهیم فازی طرح پرورش شتر&s Moreتخصیص بهینه منابع یکی از اساسی­ترین مفاهیم مورد توجه در علم اقتصاد است. لذا موضوع ارزیابی اقتصادی طرح­ها در شرایط عدم قطعیت می‏تواند نقش بسیار مهمی در این زمینه خصوصاً در کشورهای درحال توسعه ایفا نماید. در این مطالعه با استفاده از مفاهیم فازی طرح پرورش شتر­مرغ پرواری در قالب 5 طرح (یک قطعه­ای،30 قطعه­ای، 50 قطعه­ای، 100 قطعه­ای و 200 قطعه­ای) در منطقه سیستان مورد ارزیابی اقتصادی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده از روش منفعت به هزینه و ارزش فعلی در حالت فازی، همه واحدهای پیشنهادی دارای توجیه اقتصادی می­باشد. بنابراین ایجاد واحدهای پرورش شتر­مرغ پرواری در منطقه سیستان از یک قطعه تا 200 قطعه دارای توجیه می­باشند. نتایج نشان می­دهد که اجرای چنین پروژه­های تحقیقاتی نظیر پرورش شتر­مرغ می­تواند گامی مؤثر در احیاء صنعت دامپروری در این منطقه باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Reviews legal right to the environment with an emphasis on collective interests and public responsibilities
ایران سلیمانی مسعود راعی سیدحسین واعظیTalk about the "right to environment law", including discussions of the foundation of knowledge necessary to infer that the basis for many of the rulings and fatwas and rules of evidence regarding the exploitation of the environment placed. The emergence of this new iss MoreTalk about the "right to environment law", including discussions of the foundation of knowledge necessary to infer that the basis for many of the rulings and fatwas and rules of evidence regarding the exploitation of the environment placed. The emergence of this new issue that has been discussed in the jurisprudence seriously, what is in this article, a new step to put the environment in the form of a right of third generation rights that a collective interest and collective rights and the public. The terms of the third generation of human rights in international law, we have to trust and follow its jurisprudence that how the environment must hit to right. For the right reasons, and resources should be goals and sanctioned the right to engage in jurisprudence. Because this right, a legal right, not a moral right, the article is, the legal doctrine on the environment right environment there seem to be right. Right on the environment, the jurisprudence, the realization of a legal collective responsibility is not a moral responsibility, spoke of halal and haram, punishable by the abuses and punish violators of the environment. So according to the right and the duty of man, a divine trust (commitment, duty and authority of God) and the right to collective environmental, public interest and realized gains and losses of human rights, the right to represent the public in the form of and forbidding the evil, as a general duty of shared responsibility is the highest form of sanction. In addition to the enforcement of external, internal sanction is the result of legal rights and the guilty and cruel, responsible and responsive and is punishable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - صلاحیت و نحوه رسیدگی کمیسیون موضوع ماده 56 قانون جنگل ها و مراتع
کیومرث کمری داود قاسمی -
Open Access Article
36 - Coercive guardianship in Iranian law and a similar institution in American law
hasan falah javad ganji behnam ghanbarporField and Aims: Islamic law in the countries that follow the Imami jurisprudence has given guardianship of the child to the father, and also placed the paternal grandfather on the same level as the father, and each of them has compulsory guardianship to manage financial MoreField and Aims: Islamic law in the countries that follow the Imami jurisprudence has given guardianship of the child to the father, and also placed the paternal grandfather on the same level as the father, and each of them has compulsory guardianship to manage financial affairs. And the minor's non-financial status and his legal representation, whether during the other's lifetime or after his death. According to the civil law, the father has compulsory guardianship, but the mother is deprived of the right of guardianship over her child, unless the mother becomes the special guardian according to the will of the father. This is despite the fact that in many countries, the benefit of the child is often considered and not the gender of his parents. In the previous laws of America, as in Iran, it was the father whose role in custody was important, and the mother was deprived of all custody rights of her child. Therefore, in this research, we are going to examine what is the position of coercive guardianship in Iranian and American law?Method: This article has been done in a descriptive-analytical way.Finding and Conclusion: Legal custody is a right and obligation that is given to parents to make important decisions in the child's life after divorce. With the passage of time and changes in the laws, the mother also had rights and duties alongside the father. The benefit of the child is the most important change in custody rights, and the courts should give custody to the most qualified person, either the father or the mother, based on the hypothesis of the best interest of the child. . The examination of the legal system of Iran and the United States shows that there are basic similarities and some important differences in the two legal systems of Iran and the United States regarding guardianship and guardianship of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - چرخش اجباری مؤسسات حسابرسی و محدودیت در ارائه سایر خدمات حسابرسی: هزینهها و منافع
زهره اباذری فرزانه نصیرزاده -
Open Access Article
38 - بررسی موانع توسعه سرمایه گذاری بخش خصوصی در صنعت جهانگردی ایران
کامبیز فرقاندوست حقیقی علی اصغر رضوانی سید هادی هاشمی سلیمانی
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