List of Articles غشاء

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  1 - Simultaneous Removal of Copper And Lead Metal Ions From Polluted Water Using Polymer Membrane Modified With Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles
  Bahareh Kamyabmoghadas Nadia Tamimi
  Introduction: Heavy metals are one of the main water pollution in environmental problems. There are various methods to remove these pollutions, one of the best methods in this field is membrane processes. The purpose of this research is to remove heavy metals because th More

  Introduction: Heavy metals are one of the main water pollution in environmental problems. There are various methods to remove these pollutions, one of the best methods in this field is membrane processes. The purpose of this research is to remove heavy metals because they are toxic and have many harmful effects on the health of living organisms and the environment. For this purpose, modified polymer membranes were used, which can remove a large percentage of copper and lead ions dissolved in water at the same time. Materials and Methods: In this research, polyether sulfone polymer, N-dimethylacetamide solvent and amorphous silica nanoparticles were used as modifiers. The parameters of the experiment were polymer weight percentage (22-18-14%), nanoparticles weight percentage (0.0-0.1-0.2 weight percent of polymer) and pressure (12-17-22 bar). Results and Discussion: The optimal conditions obtained were 22% polymer membrane, 2% additives at 12 bar pressure, and the result of the test in these conditions was the removal of 74% and 82% of lead and copper, respectively. From the prepared membranes, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron photography (SEM) and thermometric analysis (TGA) tests were performed. In FTIR analysis, peaks related to functional groups were determined. By examining the SEM test, the presence of silica nanoparticles in the polymer membrane was determined, and the TGA analysis in the modified membrane confirmed the increase in the thermal resistance of the membranes. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the TGA test, it was found that the membrane modified with silica nanoparticles causes more delay in the degradation time, and the thermal resistance of the membranes modified with silica nanoparticles increases more, as a result, the presence of silica nanoparticles increases the stability of the membrane. According to the comparison and examination of the FT-IR test related to pure nanoparticles, pure polymer membrane and membranes with nanoparticles, in addition to identifying the peaks of the functional group of polyether sulfone polymer, the presence of the peak of silica nanoparticles in the modified membranes was also determined. that the presence of silica nanoparticles inside polyether sulfone polymer membranes was established. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The use of concept mapping and Vee diagram to calculate the volume by the integral
  Maryam Attary Hooshang Akbari esmaeil yousefi
  The concept mapping and the Vee diagram are important tools for improving the level of conceptual learning of mathematics in all educational levels that can play an important role in the learner's achievement. The purpose of this study is to use a concept mapping and Ve More

  The concept mapping and the Vee diagram are important tools for improving the level of conceptual learning of mathematics in all educational levels that can play an important role in the learner's achievement. The purpose of this study is to use a concept mapping and Vee diagram, to calculate the volume of an object by the integral, includes the reaction of what a teacher really knows, the way of expressing them, introducing the time of using knowledge and ability to justify them. It also shows that being familiar with formal definitions and mathematical principles do not mean to fully understand the concepts, and their internal complexities, and teaching process. According to the fact that conceptual learning has a mutual impact on the teacher and the learner, then the concept mapping and the Vee diagram can play an important role in teaching, learning and evaluation. Manuscript profile
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  3 - محلول‌پاشی پیش از برداشت برخی از اسیدهای آمینه بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی، آنزیمی و دوام عمر گل ژربرا(Gerbera jamesonii) رقم sorbet روی بوته
  نجمه تاجیک الهام دانائی
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  4 - Production of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Silica Nano-Composite Membrane for Evaluation of Permeability Properties of CO2/CH4
  M. Rahbar B. Kamyab-Moghadas
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  5 - Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO) on Improving Morpho-physiological, Yield and Its Components of Soybean (Glycine max L.) var. Williams under Salinity Stress
  Seyed Fazel Fazeli Kakhki Morteza Goldani
  To evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) on morphological, physiological and seed yield of soybean and its components under saline conditions, an experiment a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted More

  To evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) on morphological, physiological and seed yield of soybean and its components under saline conditions, an experiment a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2017. The first factor consisted of four levels of salinity (0, 4, 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1), and the second factor of three concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) (0, 200 and 400 ppm). The results showed that foliar spraying 200 ppm nano-ZnO resulted in higher plant height, number of leaves and dry shoot weight than other nano-ZnO levels (zero and 400 ppm) in 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1 salinity. The highest stomatal conductance (11.2 μMH2O.m-2.S-1), relative water content (83.6%) and membrane stability index (80.7%) were obtained from application 200 ppm nano-ZnO at salinity level of 4 dS.m-1. Maximum number of seeds per plant (11.4) and seed weight per plant (2.24 g) were also recorded from 200 ppm nano-ZnO under salinity of 4 dS.m-1. At all levels of salinity stress, when enhancing concentration from zero to 200 ppm the amount of all studied traits were increased and with increased concentration of nano-ZnO from 200 to 400 ppm, all experimental traits were decreased due to toxicity effect induction of nano-ZnO on plant. In general, the results showed that sprying plant with 200 ppm zinc oxide nanoparticles improved soybean growth at 6.5 and 9 dS.m-1salinity stresses. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Histoanatomical study on the uveal coat of eye in mature ostrich
  mohammadali Ebrahimi saadatlou
     In the present study, the uveal coats of 20 healthy adult ostriches were studied anatomically and histologically. At first, the appearance, dimension, structure and vicinity of choroid, ciliary body and iris were evaluated macroscopically. Then they were st More

     In the present study, the uveal coats of 20 healthy adult ostriches were studied anatomically and histologically. At first, the appearance, dimension, structure and vicinity of choroid, ciliary body and iris were evaluated macroscopically. Then they were studied microscopically after preparing histological slides and staining by H&E, Verhoeff, Van Gieson, and P.A.S. Tapetum lucidum was not seen in the choroid. The average thickness of ciliary body was measured as 1.48±0.01 centimeters. Moreover, the number of macroscopic ciliary body process in the ostrich eye was about 120. Iris thickness in the normal state is 0.7 centimeters and the diameter of pupil was measured as 1.2 centimeters. Pupil is round shaped in ostrich. There is a hyaline cartilage membrane between the sclera and choroid. There is bruch's membrane in the choroid and the total thickness of the choroid was measured as 350 µm. The ciliary body was supported by a hyaline cartilage. Skeletal muscle fibers in the ciliary body were seen as separated masses. Epithelium is lacking on the anterior surface of the iris. Iridial muscle fibers were smooth. The posterior epithelium of the iris had two pigmented layers with the inner layer acting as myoepithelial cells. In conclusion, the uveal coat of ostrich was similar to other birds although there were little differences in anatomical dimensions and histological characteristics Manuscript profile
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  7 - کاربرد سلنیوم در کاهش خسارات ناشی از تنش همزمان کادمیوم، نیکل و سرب بر جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاهچه خیار (Cucumis sativus L.)
  لیلا شکاری حسین آروئی امین میرشکاری حسین نعمتی
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  8 - Study of phytochemical compounds of Lactuca serriola L. (case study of the fields of Vamenan village in Azadshar)
  Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Maral Iri Javad Bayat Kohsar zeinab avarseji
  This experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs More

  This experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs such as root, stem, and leaf were dried and powdered separately. Also, mixed organs were considered as another treatment for comparison. Then various organs of L. serriola and a mixture of them were analyzed qualitatively for primary metabolites like organic matter, raw ash, protein, proline, starch and soluble sugar as well as membrane stability index and some secondary metabolites like total phenols and anthocyanin. Results showed that various organs of L. serriola had a various content of primary and secondary metabolites as well membrane stability index. On the basis of the findings, the highest and lowest contents of organic matter and raw ash were obtained in leaf, respectively. The highest content of protein, starch and compatibility osmotic of soluble sugar and proline also were found in the leaf organ. The highest content of total phenols and anthocyanin were obtained in leaf showing a positive and significant correlation with membrane stability index. Regarding the high biomass generated from L. serriola, it is suggested to analyze the other chemical compounds in this plant. Complimentary studies are required to exploit the application of these compounds as bio herbicide. Manuscript profile
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  9 - The effect of interval irrigation and growth regulators on some morphophysiological traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) cultivars
  eshaq arekhi Hossein Ajam Noruzi Kamal Ghasemi Bezdi elham faghani
  10.30495/iper.2021.679538
  To study the effect of interval irrigation and growth regulators on morphophysiological traits of cotton cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial in randomized complete block design in 2017 and 2018 in Hashemabad Cotton Research Station in Gorgan, Ira More

  To study the effect of interval irrigation and growth regulators on morphophysiological traits of cotton cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial in randomized complete block design in 2017 and 2018 in Hashemabad Cotton Research Station in Gorgan, Iran. Treatments consisted of intervals of irrigation at two levels (two weeks and four weeks) as the main factor and six-level growth regulator treatments (control, benzyl adenine, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, and cycocel) and three cotton cultivars (Golestan, Kashmar, and Shayan) were also considered as sub-factors. The results of this study showed that proline content and relative water content of leaf decreased with water deficit stress. Maximum proline content (3.55 µg/g fresh weight) was obtained from Shayan cultivar with salicylic acid. Benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased relative leaf water content. The highest cell membrane stability (2.998%) was observed in Kashmar cotton cultivar and two-week interval irrigation, and Cycocel increased the membrane stability by 15%. Plant height, number of flowers, and number of bolls were affected by growth regulators, irrigation intervals, and cultivars. With increasing irrigation period, plant height, flower number, and boll number decreased in all cultivars, but under drought stress, Golestan cultivar had more flowers and boll number than other cultivars. Cycocel, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids significantly increased flowering of cultivars at both years and both irrigation intervals. Benzyl adenine and brassinosteroids increased plant height more than 7% and abscisic acid, cycocel, and salicylic acid decreased plant height compared with control. Application of abscisic acid reduced the number of bolls by 22% compared with the control. Overall, growth regulators, especially cycocel and salicylic acid, increased the morphophysiological traits of cotton cultivars indicating their positive effect on drought tolerance and it could play a role in moderating stress effects under stress conditions. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Investigation of some physio-morphological traits of purslane (portulaca oleracea L.) landraces under drought stress
  Elham Azizi Younes Rezapour mansooreh kermani ali masoomi
  10.30495/iper.2021.679527
  Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant growing in hot and dry conditions. Since drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the production of agricultural products in these regions, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of d More

  Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant growing in hot and dry conditions. Since drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the production of agricultural products in these regions, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of different purslane landraces to drought stress in the greenhouse of Payame Noor University of Daregaz during the spring 2016. The experiment was as factorial based on completely randomized design with four levels of drought stress (field capacity, 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC), 5 landraces of purslane (Qom, Kalat, Sabzevar, Yazd, Gachsaran), and with three replications. The studied traits were relative water content, membrane sustainability index, photosynthetic pigment contents, chlorophyll sustainability index (the amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids), proline content, soluble carbohydrates, and fresh and dry weight of roots in two stages of vegetative and reproductive growth. Results showed that an increase in water stress level decreased the relative water content and cell membrane stability index while increasing the leaf chlorophyll index, carotenoid content, proline, and carbohydrates in different landraces of purslane. Results also indicated that the landraces of Gachsaran and Yazd had higher membrane stability index, lower RWC, and lower chlorophyll content under stress. Among the studied landraces, Qom and Kalat showed significant superiority compared to Sabzevar, Yazd and Gachsaran landraces in terms of proline and soluble carbohydrates. Also, the results showed that with increasing drought stress, fresh and dry weight of roots, leaves, and stems reduced at vegetative and generative stages of plant development such that the highest morphological and physiological traits in two stages of vegetative and reproductive growth were observed in 75% and 100% of field capacity and the minimum levels of these traits were obtained in 25% of field capacity. In general, Qom and Kalat landraces were more tolerant to drought stress compared to other landraces while Gachsaran, Yazd, and Sabzevar due to the relatively weak response to drought stress in most of the measured traits, were evaluated as susceptible landraces to drought stress. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress
  Ahmad Afkari
  10.30495/iper.2022.690259
  In order to study of the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress, was investigated using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design More

  In order to study of the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress, was investigated using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design in triplicate within the 2019 crop year in the protected area of Horand city of the province of East Azarbaijan. Experimental treatments included the first factor of drought stress at three levels (70, 140 and 210 mm of evaporation from Class A evaporation pan), the second factor of seed inoculation with bacteria at five levels (no inoculation as control, inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and co-inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum), and the third factor of salicylic acid foliar application at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM). With the application of dehydration, cell membrane stability, maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and grain yield in basil decreased and carbohydrate accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content and essential oil content increased. The results of comparing the mean interaction of drought stress and biofertilizers showed that the highest grain yield (917.11 kg / ha) and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (0.713) were obtained from 70 mm evaporation treatment and the co-inoculation of bacteria (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum). Salicylic acid (SA) foliar application increased 41.33%, 54.17%, 24.43% and 38.98% of glutathione peroxidase activity, leaf soluble carbohydrates, membrane stability index and essential oil content, and decreased the content of MDA by 54.72% respectively. According to the obtained results, foliar application with salicylic acid and the combined use of bacteria (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum) could partially eliminate the negative effects of drought stress and improve the yield and quality of basil. Manuscript profile
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  12 - اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و سطوح فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان در ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف سورگوم علوفه‌ای
  یوسف حیدری پیام معاونی علی بدرقه
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  13 - کاربرد سلنیوم در کاهش خسارات ناشی از تنش همزمان کادمیوم، نیکل و سرب بر جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاهچه خیار (Cucumis sativus L.)
  لیلا شکاری حسین آروئی امین میرشکاری حسین نعمتی
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  14 - خصوصیات اسپرم منی منجمد گاو میش‌های نر و باروری در شرایط مزرعه
  کا.جی.ام. محمود آ.آ.ای. ال-سکاری ام.ای.آ. آبو ال-روس آ.دی. عبد الغفار ام. ناویتو
  کیفیت منی و ارتباط آن با باروری از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی ارتباط بین خصوصیات اسپرم منجمد یخ‌گشایی ‌شده و باروری از طریق تلقیح ‌مصنوعی بود. نمونه‌های منی از چهار گاو میش تهیه شدند. حجم منی و غلظت اسپرم به طور معنی‌داری میان نرها متفاوت بود، در ح More

  کیفیت منی و ارتباط آن با باروری از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی ارتباط بین خصوصیات اسپرم منجمد یخ‌گشایی ‌شده و باروری از طریق تلقیح ‌مصنوعی بود. نمونه‌های منی از چهار گاو میش تهیه شدند. حجم منی و غلظت اسپرم به طور معنی‌داری میان نرها متفاوت بود، در حالی که قابلیت تحرک‌پذیری اسپرم و درصد زنده‌مانی آن تفاوتی با اسپرم‌های تازه نداشت. اسپرم‌های منجمد یخ‌گشایی‌ شده برای تحرک‌پذیری، زنده‌مانی، غیر طبیعی بودن، یکپارچگی غشاء و باروری روی دام مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تفاوت معنی‌داری در پارامترهای اسپرم گاومیش‌های نر بعد از یخ‌گشایی دیده شد. تفاوت‌های خیلی معنی‌داری در یکپارچگی غشاء بین اسپرم تازه در مقایسه با اسپرم منجمد تشخیص داده شد. نرخ آبستنی به طور معنی‌داری بین گاومیش‌های نر تفاوت داشت. همبستگی معنی‌داری بین تحرک‌پذیری و غیر‌ طبیعی بودن اسپرم (64/0r=-) و یکپارچگی غشاء اسپرم (64/0r=-) یافت شد. همبستگی منفی (73/0r=-) معنی‌داری بین غیر طبیعی بودن اسپرم و یکپارچگی غشا گزارش شده است. علاوه بر این، یک همبستگی بین نرخ آبستنی و درصد اسپرم‌های زنده (65/0r=-) نیز گزارش شده ‌است. در این مطالعه، تحرک‌پذیری اسپرم با غیر طبیعی بودن و یکپارچگی غشاء ارتباط داشت. درصد اسپرم زنده، تنها پارامتر همبسته با باروری بود. تحرک‌پذیری و درصد اسپرم زنده می تواند به عنوان یک معیار پیش‌بینی در ارزیابی اسپرم استفاده شود. Manuscript profile
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  15 - نقش (1 -متیل سیکلوپروپن) در بهبود کیفیت پس از برداشت بعضی ارقام گل شاخه بریده رز
  فهمی آ.اس. حسن
  به­منظور بهبود کیفیت پس از برداشت و پتانسیل صادرات گل بریده رُز (Rosa hybrida L.) ارقام ’هپی آور‘ و ’بوردو‘ اثر 1-MCP به­عنوان یک بازدارنده اتیلن تحت مطالعه قرار گرفت. غلظت­های 1-MCP عبارت بودند از: 3/0، 4/0، 5/0 و 6/0 گرم در متر مکعب More

  به­منظور بهبود کیفیت پس از برداشت و پتانسیل صادرات گل بریده رُز (Rosa hybrida L.) ارقام ’هپی آور‘ و ’بوردو‘ اثر 1-MCP به­عنوان یک بازدارنده اتیلن تحت مطالعه قرار گرفت. غلظت­های 1-MCP عبارت بودند از: 3/0، 4/0، 5/0 و 6/0 گرم در متر مکعب که برای مدت 18 ساعت در دمای 8 درجه سانتی­گراد مشابه شرایط حمل و نقل گل­ها مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. تیمار  1-MCPدر مقایسه با شاهد، به­صورت معنی­داری عمر گلجایی را افزایش و کاهش وزن را در هر 2 رقم به حداقل رساند، البته پاسخ رقم ’هپی آور‘ نسبت به رقم ’بوردو‘ بهتر و بیشتر بود. تیمار 1-MCP مقدار نسبی آب (RWC) را نیز در گل­ها بهبود بخشید. 1-MCP به صورت معنی­داری تخریب کلروفیل و کربوهیدرات­ها را در طول عمر گلجایی در هر 2 رقم به تاخیر انداخت. تولید اتیلن به صورت معنی­داری توسط 1-MCP کاهش یافت. شاخص ثبات غشا (MSI) در پاسخ به 1-MCP حفظ شد و MDA کاهش یافت. بهترین تیمارها از این نظر به­ترتیب غلظت­های 4/0 و 5/0 برای ارقام ’هپی آور‘ و ’بوردو‘ بودند. تیمار 1-MCP برای ممانعت از اثرات منفی اتیلن روی این دو رقم رُز توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile
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  16 - شفاف‌سازی کوشاب به‌وسیله فرایند غشایی
  ملیحه آذری داریوش باستانی محمدرضا جعفری نصر
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  17 - Effect of salicylic acid on physiological and biochemical parameters on resistant and sensitive chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under drought stress
  R. Ramezannezhad M. Lahouti A. Ganjali
  In order to study the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on parameters of physiology (membrane stability index ) and biochemical ( photosynthetis pigments) an experiment was conducted under four drought levels, based on Field Capacity (100% FC, 75% FC, 50% FC, More

  In order to study the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on parameters of physiology (membrane stability index ) and biochemical ( photosynthetis pigments) an experiment was conducted under four drought levels, based on Field Capacity (100% FC, 75% FC, 50% FC, 25% FC) and treatment of Salicylic acid (0 , 0.7 mM) using acompletely randomized design with three replications. The results showed increasing drought levels significantly decreased all parameters except chlorophyll a/b ratio in two genotypes. Application of salicylic acid (0.7 Mm) significantly increased membrane stability  index and carotenoids in MCC358 genotype and also increased chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in MCC441 genotype. It seems that inhibitory effect of drought stress in MCC441 genotype was more effective than MCC358 genotype. Also, Application of salicylic acid could not improve growth parameters in MCC441genotype. ir=RTL��pn�~��)ir=RTL>) در چهار سطح تنش خشکی بر اساس ظرفیت زراعی ( ظرفیت زراعی، 75% ظرفیت زراعی، 50 % ظرفیت زراعی و 25% ظرفیت زراعی) و تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت های 0 و 7/0 میلی مول به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی در تمام موارد به غیر از نسبت کروفیل a/b با عث کاهش معنی دار شاخص های مورد بررسی شد. تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش معنی دار شاخص پایداری غشاء و میزان کاروتینوئید در ژنوتیپ MCC358 شد. اسید سالیسیلیک توانست باعث افزایش معنی دار محتوای کلروفیل b و کلروفیل کل در ژنوتیپ MCC441 شود. اما در ژنوتیپ MCC358 محتوای کلروفیل b بعد از تیمار با اسید سالیسیلیک بطور معنی داری نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. به نظر می رسد که تاثیر بازدارنده ی تنش خشکی بر ژنوتیپ MCC441 بیشتر از ژنوتیپ MCC358 بوده است و کاربرد اسیدسالیسیلیک با توجه به تاثیر آنتی اکسیدانی آن، اثری بر بهبود شاخص های مورد بررسی در ژنوتیپ MCC441 نداشت. Manuscript profile
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  18 - Effects of spermidine spray on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cyclamen persicum Miller.
  M. Farjadi Shakib R. Naderi M. Mashhadi Akbar Boujar
  Persian cyclamen is a perennial geophytes plant which has a special position between ornamentals due to its charm, diversity and flowering during winter. As this flower’s quality and quantity is affected extensively by its nutrition and environmental factors, and More

  Persian cyclamen is a perennial geophytes plant which has a special position between ornamentals due to its charm, diversity and flowering during winter. As this flower’s quality and quantity is affected extensively by its nutrition and environmental factors, and regarding the importance and special role of poly amines in plant nutrition, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the external application of spermidine on the quality and quantity of this Iranian native flower. Therefore an experiment was conducted in two parts. In the first part, cyclamen plants were sprayed with spermidine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) in a completely randomized design and morphological and physiological characteristics were studied. This was while the second part was factorially arranged in a completely randomized design and cyclamen plants were treated with spermidine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) at five different flower development stages for studing biochemical characteristics. Studied morphological characteristics were: bud stage days, blooming days, total flowering days, total flowers, leaf area and number. Studied physiological characteristics were: fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and membrane stability index of petals. This was while for biochemical characteristics superoxide dismutase, catalase beside protein, spermidine and spermine content were studied. Morphological results indicate the beneficial effect of external spermidine application on flowering and vegetative growth of Persian cyclamen. Effective level of spermidine application on flowering characteristics was 10 mM while for vegetative growth it was 20 mM. Besides that, spermidine application increased fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and membrane stability index of petals. Free radical scavengers such as SOD and CAT beside protein content increased during flowering stages 1 to 5. Spermine content showed a similar increasing trend by spermidine application, while spermidine content increased during flowering phase 1-3 and decreased afterwards. Manuscript profile
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  19 - Effects of water deficit stress on agrophysiological traits hybrids of maize
  M. sheikhi N. A. Sajedi M. Jiriaei
  In order to study effects of water deficit stress on agrophysiological traitsof Maize cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the farm research station of Arak Islamic Azad University, Iran in 2009. The experimental design was split plot based on RCBD with three repli More

  In order to study effects of water deficit stress on agrophysiological traitsof Maize cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the farm research station of Arak Islamic Azad University, Iran in 2009. The experimental design was split plot based on RCBD with three replications. The treats were considered as irrigation in three levels: 100% (control) , 75% and %50 (water deficit stress) crop water requirement plant and maize hybrids consisted of KSC500, KSC524, KSC700, KSC704 and DSC370. Results showed that water deficit stress reduced relatively water content,cell membrane stability and grain yield.  About hybrids, the highest grain yield obtained from early and medium maturity hybrids. Also the highest  cell membrane stability and relatively water content belonged to medium maturity hybrids. Interactions effects of treatments showed that, in condition of moisture optimum(100% crop water requirement) and  water deficit stress (75% and 50% crop water requirement plant),  grain yield in KSC524 and 500  was high compared to other hybrids. The highest grain yield equal 8624.22  Kg/ha by treatment  KSC524 with 100% crop water requirement plant and lowest grain yield equal 4072.32 obtained from treatment KSC700 with 50% crop water requirement. Manuscript profile
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  20 - The effect of water deficit stress and manure on quantitative and qualitative yield and some characteristics of physiological (Plantago Ovata Forssk.)
  B. Afsharmanesh Gh. Afsharmanesh M. A. Vakili Shahrbabaki
  In order to study effect of water deficit stress and manure onon quantitative and qualitative yield and some characteristics of physiologicalof plantago ovate a pot experiment was performed at the greenhouse of Jiroft Islamic Azad University, Iran, in 2009. For this pur More

  In order to study effect of water deficit stress and manure onon quantitative and qualitative yield and some characteristics of physiologicalof plantago ovate a pot experiment was performed at the greenhouse of Jiroft Islamic Azad University, Iran, in 2009. For this purpose split plot design based on complete randomized block with 3 replication was used. Irrigation treatments consist of 3 level: 75%FC (mild stress), 50%FC (Medium stress) and 25%FC (Sever Stress) were main factors and manure levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ton/ha) were selected as sub factors. The results showed effect of water deficit stress and manure and also interaction effect between two factor on seed yield were significant (P<5% and p<1%). Highest seed yield (232.3 kg/ha) obtained from mild stress with using 20 ton/ha manure. This two factor had no significant on mucilage. With increasing water deficit stress RWC was decreased. The maximum RWC obtained by using 40 ton/ha. Cell membrane stability was decreased under sever stress. Thus in Jiroft it's necessary for reach high yield in plantago ovata 20 t/ha manure. Manuscript profile
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  21 - Physiological and biochemical response of some grape cultivars to drought stress
  Mojtaba gholizadeh mehdi Haddadinejad علی عبادی Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
  In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical traits of six grape cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, More

  In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical traits of six grape cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, the treatments included six Khorasani and shirazi grape varieties (Askari, Khalili, Yaquti, Pikami, Turkmen 4 and Suzak) and four levels of drought stress (normal conditions (100% of the farm capacity), low stress (75% of the farm capacity), medium stress ( 50% of farm capacity) and severe stress treatment (25% of farm capacity). The results showed that physiological and biochemical traits increased significantly with increasing stress intensity. On the other hand, the traits of relative leaf water content, membrane stability index, amount of photosynthetic pigments, and total phenol content decreased significantly with increasing stress intensity. Among the cultivars studied, the Yaqouti cultivar showed more resistance to drought than other grape cultivars in terms of the studied indices. According to the results of this research, it seems that Yaghuti cultivar is more drought tolerant than other cultivars. Since this tolerance located in leaf via active mechanisms, it is necessary to carry out additional tests when using Yaghuti as rootstock for scion of grapevine. Manuscript profile