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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of Immigration to Tehran Using Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
Aliollah GhanbariTehran's population growth and the entry of new immigrants has been one of the problems for governors, policy makers, and planners. Therefore, since the middle decades of the current century, as a concern, it has been considered as a threat to social, environmental, hea MoreTehran's population growth and the entry of new immigrants has been one of the problems for governors, policy makers, and planners. Therefore, since the middle decades of the current century, as a concern, it has been considered as a threat to social, environmental, health, and disaster preparedness issues. However, the activities have been performed to prevent Tehran population growth, failed to achieve success and in spite of all these activities, the problem of Tehran population and immigration growth still exists.In this paper, causal layered analysis (CLA) as a futures study method is used for splitting and analyzing the several layers leading to the issue of Tehran immigration growth, and different scenarios are considered for the future. In this regard, based on analysis of the under layers and due to the uncertainty and importance, "development model" and "cultural orientation" are identified as its drivers and the scenarios are designed according to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Government in the Development and Restriction of the Women’s Contemporary Civil Claims’ Discourses in Iran
Ebrahim Motaqi Ali Roshanaie -
Open Access Article
3 - A Discourse in Post-Colonially Studies and its Expansion Necessity in Non-Western Societies
Farzad Navabakhsh Masoud Darroudi -
Open Access Article
4 - A Survey of Doctrines and Rites in Eastern Orthodox Church
فاطمه LajevardiThe Eastern Orthodox Church is one of the largest branches ofChristianity which comprises numerous followers in easternEurope, Greece, Russia and other parts of the world, and consists ofa number of autonomous local churches in various countries. Thischurch is the remai MoreThe Eastern Orthodox Church is one of the largest branches ofChristianity which comprises numerous followers in easternEurope, Greece, Russia and other parts of the world, and consists ofa number of autonomous local churches in various countries. Thischurch is the remainder of the Byzantine Greek church and in thecourse of its development has tried to preserve its historical heritageand traditions. Due to its characteristic beliies, rites andorganization it is considered distinct from the Roman CatholicChurch.The present article deals with the history, faith, rites and the innerstructure of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Derrida,Jacques Literature and Deconstruction
Kian PishtazJacques Derrida is one of the most influential figures in literary theory in the English-speaking world, yet much of his writing on literary texts and on the question of literature is not easily available in translation. This essay brings together a number of the ideas MoreJacques Derrida is one of the most influential figures in literary theory in the English-speaking world, yet much of his writing on literary texts and on the question of literature is not easily available in translation. This essay brings together a number of the ideas on the English literary texts and figures; and also. indicates some of Derrida's ideas about politics, literature and feminism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Comparative Study on Deconstruction of Shamloo and Cummings’ Poetries
Hassan Tajik mohamdiyeh Kiyan PishkarComparative literature is the founder of modern viewpoint in universal literature studies era as a new science and attempts to propose common fields between nations and their literature in order to achieve a better universal convergence. Studying literary functions of t MoreComparative literature is the founder of modern viewpoint in universal literature studies era as a new science and attempts to propose common fields between nations and their literature in order to achieve a better universal convergence. Studying literary functions of the countries with distinguished and privileged literary style which may own commonalities in language, structure, culture and even religion can assist development of this field; thus the present article intends to find out lingual, literary and stylistic commonalities and writing styles by studying two stylist, famous, great and contemporary Iranian and American poets – Ahmad Shamloo and E. E." Cummings based on postmodern deconstruction theories and principles. This article tries to survey and present a new window to comparative studies field – specifically contemporary literature – from two various countries with great literary backgrounds but completely different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - An Ontological Approach to Jacques Derrida’s Reading of Rum Surah: Benefited from Ayatollah Javdi Amuli’s Persian Exegesis
Maryam Sultanbeyad Rouhieh Naziripour Muhammad Hassan BorhanifiarTo present a democratic reading of The Qur’an, Derrida introduces it as a book of hospitality and unconditional forgiveness. However, he considers The Prophet (PBUH) an exemption from this rule of hospitality. His reading of The Qur’an has not yet been exami MoreTo present a democratic reading of The Qur’an, Derrida introduces it as a book of hospitality and unconditional forgiveness. However, he considers The Prophet (PBUH) an exemption from this rule of hospitality. His reading of The Qur’an has not yet been examined by the scholars. The aim of this study is to investigate the reason for Derrida’s reading of The Qur'an and its separation from The Prophet (PBUH). In this descriptive-analytical- comparative method, the concepts considered by Derrida in the text of The Qur'an are examined and the epistemological status of The Prophet is analyzed on the base of the text itself. In this regard, "ontological" reading of the text of The Qur'an is used, which considers the text independent of the reader and writer. This reading is comparable to Derrida’s “deconstructive” reading since deconstruction emerged from ontological approach. This approach is similar to Allameh Tabatabai’s “Quran to Qur’an” approach which is suitable for Qur’anic studies. To avoid reducing the text of The holy Qur’an to a literary text the findings of the study in compared with the learned exegesis of Ayatollah Javadi Amuli. The findings of this study demonstrates that Derrida has ignored evidences in the text contradicting his reading, and as a result he has found the actions of The Prophet (PBUH) contrary to The Qur’an. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Contra-reading and De-canonization as Tagi-Danesh’s Manifest Style
Rajab TohidiyanTaqi Danesh, one of the early Qajar and late Pahlavi‘s traditional and anonymous poets, tremendously influenced by poetry of Khorasani, Azerbaijani, Iraqi, and especially Hindu style. Regarding Taghi Danesh‘s lyrics and poems and taking famous Hindu poets in MoreTaqi Danesh, one of the early Qajar and late Pahlavi‘s traditional and anonymous poets, tremendously influenced by poetry of Khorasani, Azerbaijani, Iraqi, and especially Hindu style. Regarding Taghi Danesh‘s lyrics and poems and taking famous Hindu poets into consideration, two contradictory views (co-reading and contra-reading) could be grasped. In other words, once he followed traditional, repetitive, cliché and one-dimensional literary styles (poetic style of Khorasani, Azerbaijani and Iraqi) in poetic elements and phenomenon, famous fictitious, historical, mythic and Qurani characters. And another time breaking the norms and contra-readings represents dramatically contradictory views to the same subjects and issues. The object of contra-reading in Tagi-Danesh poetics is to achieve “alien concept” and avoid long literary traditions of one-dimensional, cliché and repetitive, characters, famous mythic, Qurani, historical meanings and concepts in custom and literary norms. His recent vision looks from different angel to these issues, judges them contrary to custom and leaves from canon the religious Qurani characters and elements. The present study attempts to extract contra-readings and De-canonization from Taghi-Danesh poetics and presents the findings alphabetically. The results show that Tagi-danesh following Indian poets has remarkably applied contra-readings and sharecropper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Criticism of Literary Critics
ahmad zakeri Saman Khani EsfandabadCriticism based on semantics and admission of meaning multiplicity results in a link between the reader’s mind and diverse aspects of a text aesthetics; this correct understanding of a text induces a reader to read more and enjoy more. More reading also is a two-w MoreCriticism based on semantics and admission of meaning multiplicity results in a link between the reader’s mind and diverse aspects of a text aesthetics; this correct understanding of a text induces a reader to read more and enjoy more. More reading also is a two-way process between the author and the reader whose result is a society with an elevated culture that thinks correctly and admits criticism. Contrary to this new attitude, literary traditions look for meaning absoluteness, a one-dimensional view that modern human doesn’t tolerate it, and if this kind of criticisms and literary texts become popular, a reader becomes reluctant, and passive. Then, the reader seeks, through learning criticism stages and complying with its scientific frameworks, to read more works and enjoy aesthetic and literary pleasure. As the reader encounters with emotional conflicts and lack of a healthy criticism tone, he will search for simpler and quicker ways for enjoying and entertainment and this is a major failure for a culture and art of a nation. In deconstruction school, certain tasks have been determined for reader and author that result in dynamics of literary works production and reading and inattention toward them will result in nothing but the fall of a literary and art society. This article attempts analytically to identify causes of reluctance to read literary works through a literary criticism approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - An anti-infrastructure critique for « The Gypsy by the fire »Novel by Moniro Ravani Pour ,basis on Jacques Derrida 's theory
elham Shirvani Shaenayati manijeh Fallahi Reza HeydarinooriMoniro Ravani Pour has surprised the reader via interacting between the outer (real) world with the inner world (story) in «The Gypsy by the fire »Novel. This essay has been attempted to survey Moniro Ravani Pour's «The Gypsy by the fire »Novel v MoreMoniro Ravani Pour has surprised the reader via interacting between the outer (real) world with the inner world (story) in «The Gypsy by the fire »Novel. This essay has been attempted to survey Moniro Ravani Pour's «The Gypsy by the fire »Novel via anti-infrastructure critical point of view. Anti-infrastructure critique has been formed basis of Derrida's theory. Firstly it has been applied in philosophy then in literary criticism. Anti-infrastructure critique is based on bilateral confrontation and it has been discussed abut them to discover contradictions, eventually to reject accepted pre-assumptions.These searches lead to uncertainty of accepted believes that they already were certain. The confrontation in this novel is basis on the outer world (real world) with the inner world (story). Sometimes in the novel, the world outside and the inner world will appears eventually. According to antiinfrastructure Derrida's theory, bipolar inner/outer world mean together eventually.I seems that inner and outer world of novel become permeable To the extent that Distinction between them will be impossible. In this paper, the research methodology is a descriptive-analytic type , It is based on a study of the novel, its analysis and description that has been presented basis of a dramatic critique of Derrida. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Provide steganography using the recursive method in JPEG images
seyed ali akbar hashemi Alireza Malahzadeh Hamid Dehghani Increasing communication through digital media has made the issue of security very important. Steganography is a way to hide communication through cover media. Hiding information in JPEG images is very attractive because these types of images are the most widely u More Increasing communication through digital media has made the issue of security very important. Steganography is a way to hide communication through cover media. Hiding information in JPEG images is very attractive because these types of images are the most widely used images on the Internet. There are many ways to detect the presence of hidden information in JPEG format, which are also very accurate, and so far there is no method that can be called secure. Due to the loss of JPEG compression and the effects that this type of compression has on images, it has become impossible to use the spatial field for embedding easily. Embedding in the DCT coefficients of the JPEG algorithm has also been discovered in any of the proposed methods. This paper presents a recursive method for embedding in the conversion domain before JPEG compression, which uses blocking other than the usual JPEG blocking. Embedding is done in such a way that JPEG compression does not cause any errors when extracting data. These properties make the security and capacity of the method good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Marzban and Dastour two allegory For Deconstruction and relation between Dialectic in Marzbannamah
S. Emami M. R. RozbehVaravaing translated Marzbannameh from archaic Tabari language to Dary Farsi in first half of seventh century. This essay tried by deconstruction critisism. Derida has made First unit of the text and showed the relation to hegels Dialectic. The main characters of this p MoreVaravaing translated Marzbannameh from archaic Tabari language to Dary Farsi in first half of seventh century. This essay tried by deconstruction critisism. Derida has made First unit of the text and showed the relation to hegels Dialectic. The main characters of this part one: Marzban and Dastor. Dridas deconstruction viewing shows that there isn’t any opposition between two characters. In fact theyre not at the sane play that is necessary for compeleting the text. It makes the dialogue such as anecdotes and words by these two charactors that is Dialectic. Which thesis, antithesis and senthesi s are formed this chapter has twelve linked states. Those are speaking Malekzade and Dstor which has shown in nine (9) formtes that there is no fight.Between Malekzade and Dastor. But conection of these two colleagues has finished the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Coping Styles of Betrayed Women:A Qualitative Study
maryam tavallaei Mohammad Hossein fallah Ronak Ashghi nogorani Seyed Alireza AfshaniThe purpose of this research was to study the coping styles of betrayed women in a qualitative way. This study employed a qualitative approach along with the phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old who confered on Isfahan counselin MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the coping styles of betrayed women in a qualitative way. This study employed a qualitative approach along with the phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old who confered on Isfahan counseling centers in late third quarter of 1396 and early four months of 1397 and selected through purposive sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. analysis resulted in 3 main themes of coping styles: inflexible, inactive, active. For each of themes, three subthemes were created including inflexible(anxiety, ruminative and comparative), inactive(avoiding, submitting and distracting) and active(supporting, participatory and agreementory). The results showed that the coping styles do not experience similarly by all betrayed women. Some factors such as how revealing infidelity, the quality of marital relationships, religious beliefs, social and family supports and existence of children had an important effect on coping styles. Given the fact that the findings have been elicited out of a native study, they may play a vital role in developing the intervention packages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Phenomenology Study: Identifying of experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions in 22-57 years old women victims of infidelity.
maryam tavallaei mohamadhosan fallah Ronak Eshghi Seyed Alireza AfshaniThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old from Isfahan in 1397 who were selected through purposive or judgmental sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using Collaizi method. The data analysis resulted in 2 main themes: psychosomatic reactions and physical reactions; for each of them, more subthemes were found. Psychosomatic reactions including: body fitness problems, nutrition problems, respiratory problems, cordial problems, muscular problems, sleep problems, nervous problems, anxiety reactions, digestive problems, and blood pressure problems; and physical reactions including: physical problems and somatization. The results of this study showed that infidelity was not experienced similarly by all women victims. Different perceptions of infidelity have various effects on victim women and they have different experiences and reactions. Regarding the fact that the findings of the study have been elicited through interview and the cultural context of the society, it may be helpful for the experts to know the victim women experiences and provide useful psychological services to such women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - -Is the Voice of Shirin, the Same Belief and Thought of Nezami?
Farzaneh Yousef GhanbariBy studying the Manzumeh Khosrow and Shirin from the view point of analytical psychology, we can understand that this Manzumeh is bivocal. It means that booming and suppressor voice of Nezami has been laid opposite to the voice of the female heroine and how surprising i MoreBy studying the Manzumeh Khosrow and Shirin from the view point of analytical psychology, we can understand that this Manzumeh is bivocal. It means that booming and suppressor voice of Nezami has been laid opposite to the voice of the female heroine and how surprising it is that this silent voice of Shirin defeats booming voice of Nezami. In fact the action as well as dignified and modest behavior of Shirin which is made by narrator, is the loudest voice through this Manzumeh, which continues till the moment of her quiet death.When we analyze the voice of Shirn which is arisen from unconscious of the poet, one realizes from a psychological view point, that the individual through inner self of the poet in paying attention to the personality of Shirin, has had a role more than theme of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - An Investigation on Shamloo’s Poems using Critical Aesthetics
fariba mirzamohammadnia mohamadali gozashti aliyeh yuseffamIt can be claimed that Critical Aesthetics is the most important achievement gained from the Frankfort School. As critical Aestheticians believe, noble art should be able to free itself from homogeneity and similarity induced by dominant governments. It should, also, be MoreIt can be claimed that Critical Aesthetics is the most important achievement gained from the Frankfort School. As critical Aestheticians believe, noble art should be able to free itself from homogeneity and similarity induced by dominant governments. It should, also, be able to actualize free meaning creation in a world where the origin of meaning is being devastated. In the present article, the art of Shamloo was investigated descriptively and analytically, from the stated perspective. The process followed was extracting case examples from the original text and analyzing them according to the theory. Since his poems are in close relationship with local texture of society, the study necessitates accessing sociological perspectives, as well. In this article, Shamloo’s versatile views toward prevalent semantic norms and the deficiencies of the modern society in this regard are categorized under different headings. His most frequent semantic norm breaking occurs in the domain of conventional ideological beliefs, binary contradictions, and the manifestation of the modern society. Here, Shamloo’s explicit objections target the values dominating the modern society. This way, his coherent thought construct is pictured behind his poems to help the reader to discover the ideology of his work and picture the poet’s world view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - To Laugh in Other Method:Shams and Maulânâ’s Ironic Narratives in Maghâlât (Essays)
Mohammad Morad IraniMysticism have a great partake in Persian literature and literary creations, so the thought, ethic and theosophical literature have influenced on most of the first rate literary works. Sufism literature is a type of didactic literature. The MoreMysticism have a great partake in Persian literature and literary creations, so the thought, ethic and theosophical literature have influenced on most of the first rate literary works. Sufism literature is a type of didactic literature. Theosophical poetry and prose have applied to educating mystical codes and moral regulations, and sometimes to explanation of mystical idioms. The theosophic preceptor, makes use of lingual abilities and didactic skills in literary styles in wise preacher role ,because he'll teach thoughts and practical experiences. Irony is one of these techniques. Sufi makes use of the ironic diction,in multiple forms and various styles of irony, for teaching mystical codes and moral regulations. Sometimes, mystical irony or Sufic criticism is inconsiderate and insolence. Sufi is a humorist , deviationist and a taboo breaker (a taboo desecrator ). Whenever, it is necessary he breakes up any sanctums. Basically, theosophistُs approach in irony is a teachable strategy for instruction of mystical codes and moral principles. It is caused of a special method and a particular style that, we can call it didactic, schoolarly, pulpitarian mysticism. Utilization of short or long anecdotes and seasoning them with irony is a specification of popular mysticism. The writer, begins this paper by an introduction to the irony and different types of it – with a glance at theosophical works, specially Shams and Maulânâ’s words in Maghâlât, and Fih – e - mâ Fih. Then, I explaned samples of quip from Maghâlât (essays). The selected samples of narratives in this research, have been presented in a doubled distribution- once with respect to content of narratives and other time in regard to kind of irony in anecdotes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Structurally Criticism of Parvin E'tesami’s Poem
Mohammad Amir Obeydinia Taher LawzheIn order to investigate and analyze a literary work, one should consider the whole work's components and phenomena in its totality to reach the destination as well as getting familiar with content and message it conveys. The fact why a literary work forms depends on thi MoreIn order to investigate and analyze a literary work, one should consider the whole work's components and phenomena in its totality to reach the destination as well as getting familiar with content and message it conveys. The fact why a literary work forms depends on this important factor that, basically, what kinds of meanings exist in the text and secondly what the relationship among different components are. We also take this issue into consideration that how readers can understand the text meaning that is, reader must be able to explain the quality of meaning comprehension of the text. However, it is clear how structuralism deals with literary texts. It analyzes the literary message based on form and structure which consists of both meaning and form and so as to access it one should begin with the analysis of voice and morpheme to end with the investigation of general structure. This kind of criticism for recognizing one valuable literary work is of much importance, so basically writers of this essay intend to investigate the laws related to structural criticism in Parvin E'tesami's poem, the great contemporary poet, to know whether the poet has had the power and capability to reach the aim of conveying the message to addressees. In present text the research procedure is library based. We deal with Parvin's odes, considering two very important issues in structural criticism, e.g. structural infringement and semiology. We want to know which special message can be understood among Parvin's odes that are apparently various and different with the same meanings. With this in mind our understandings of her poems can be more exact, besides we deeply become aware of the capability of the great poet in composing her pure poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The effectiveness of Schema therapy Acceptance and Commitment therapy on the emotional irritability, family functioning in women affected by infidelity
ندا ورقائی قربان فتحی اقدم مجتبی امیری مجد لقمان ابراهیمیChoosing a spouse and marriage contract are both signs of maturity and personal development one of the challenges that many couples face is cheating in the relationship And the biggest deceitful act between a couple is dealing with infidelity. The purpose of this study MoreChoosing a spouse and marriage contract are both signs of maturity and personal development one of the challenges that many couples face is cheating in the relationship And the biggest deceitful act between a couple is dealing with infidelity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Schema therapy Acceptance and Commitment therapy on the emotional irritability, family functioning in women affected by infidelity. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included women victims of infidelity referring to counseling centers under the supervision of the judiciary in Zanjan. Thirty couples were selected via purposeful and available sampling method based on the study criteria and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The eight-session Schema therapy & Acceptance and Commitment Therapy protocol was performed on the experimental group. In the pre-test and post-test stages, both groups completed the emotional irritability scale of Brithwaite, 1987 Thus, it could be concluded that Schema therapy & Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an effective method in reducing emotional irritability, in women suffering from the trauma of infidelity and can be used by counselors and therapists in the field of family therapy. The result of One-way analysis of covariance indicated that Schema therapy & Acceptance and Commitment Therapy group counseling significantly decreased the post-test average score of emotional irritability family functioning in experimental group (0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Canonical Correlation Analysis of the Relationship between Self-Differentiation and Attachment Behavior in Couple Relationships with Sensation Seeking in Women with Tendency to Marital Infidelity
Fahime Kashefi Manouchehr Azkhosh Mohammad Saeed Khanjani Hakime AghaeiThe aim of this study will be to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlatio MoreThe aim of this study will be to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population of the present study was all married women who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran city in year 1401. In this study, according Convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected as samples and they were asked to fill in attitudes toward infidelity scale, sensation seeking scale, self-differentiation inventory short form and brief accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement scale of Sandberg. The collected data was analyzed using Canonical correlation. Findings showed that there was significant relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking (P<0/01). The results Canonical correlation showed that common variance of self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking was 57/6%. According to the findings of this research, psychologists and family counselors can learn about variables predicting sensation seeking, such as self-differentiation and attachment behavior in spouses' marital relationships, and by strengthening them, engage in marital counseling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Language-sociological approach on Quranic verses of language (Lesan)
Ayoub Youssef Pour NezamiThis paper reflects on Language-sociological approach on Quranic verses of language (Lesan). To do this, in a terminological approach, the verses included the word (Lesan) were extracted and 24 verses were classified using late categorization method.Among 13 issues resu MoreThis paper reflects on Language-sociological approach on Quranic verses of language (Lesan). To do this, in a terminological approach, the verses included the word (Lesan) were extracted and 24 verses were classified using late categorization method.Among 13 issues resulted from categorization, there are considerable frequency in subjects such as Arabic language, descending Quran and prophets’ missions. This finding besides other language explanations in Quran (explanation of man’s creation) is leading us to hypothesis of centrality of language in Quran. The main question of the paper is: Do the descending of Quran in Arabic (emphasis on this feature) is to match it with Arabic culture and language, improvement, reproduce and demonization of Arabic on Ajam? In a comparative approach, linguistic viewpoint of Quran is compared with postmodern linguistic. The result is an incomplete plan of Quranic philosophy that could be reinforced in other studies with extracting other words synonymous to Lesan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - بازی نشانهها در غزلیات بیدل دهلوی
فریده داوودی مقدم احمد فروزانفر -
Open Access Article
23 - اثر پیش تیمار بذر بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی سه گونه جنس گون (Astaragalus sp.)
رضا دهقانی بیدگلی آزاده بخشنده فرج پور سیدعلی حسینی تفرش -
Open Access Article
24 - اثر نیترات پتاسیم (KNo3) بر جوانهزنی و برخی ویژگیهای مورفوفیزیولوژیک ناخنک (Astragalus hamosus) در محیط کشت MS
آزاده بخشنده فرجپور رضا دهقانی بیدگلی سیدعلی حسینی تفرشی -
Open Access Article
25 - The Experimental Study of the Influence of Function and Arrangement of Geogrids and Uniform Stress Distribution in the Tensile Area of the Concrete structures
Ashkan khodaBandeLou aliasgar akbari bargoshadiConcrete is one of the main materials used in the construction industry and there are disadvantages to the conventional method of using steel, which reduces the breakage and concrete failure. Today, the spread of the science of applying polymeric materials to overcome t MoreConcrete is one of the main materials used in the construction industry and there are disadvantages to the conventional method of using steel, which reduces the breakage and concrete failure. Today, the spread of the science of applying polymeric materials to overcome these disadvantages has quickly taken its place in concrete ingredients. These materials can produce stronger concrete with greater flexibility and a smoother surface and can increase concrete resistance to erosion, impact and corrosion. In this research, using Geogrid, which is a family of geosynthetics, the tensile strength of concrete increased by 15%. Because it is used as a solid with very low risk, the geogrid is placed at different distances from the neutral warp. Based on the results of the experiments and according to the diagrams obtained from the geogrid experiments, if utilized as a semi-solid in the tensile region, the geogrids will result in the equal distribution of stresses and will have a better effect on increasing tensile strength. Of course, using a combination of steel and geogrid in the tensile region and according to the geogrid characteristics, it is easier to achieve a soft failure (tensile failure), which is the best type of failure for concrete structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - اثر پیش تیمار بذر بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی سه گونه جنس گون (Astaragalus sp.)
رضا دهقانی بیدگلی آزاده بخشنده فرج پور سیدعلی حسینی تفرش -
Open Access Article
27 - اثر نیترات پتاسیم (KNo3) بر جوانهزنی و برخی ویژگیهای مورفوفیزیولوژیک ناخنک (Astragalus hamosus) در محیط کشت MS
آزاده بخشنده فرجپور رضا دهقانی بیدگلی سیدعلی حسینی تفرشی -
Open Access Article
28 - اثر ترکیبات نور و مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور تکمیلی بر خصوصیات رشد رویشی و گلدهی بنفشه (Viola × wittrockiana Rose)
آزاده رشیدی علی تهرانی فر حسین نعمتیهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر ترکیبات مختلف نور و مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل بر نحوه رشد رویشی و زایشی بنفشه (Viola × wittrockiana Rose) بود. این پژوهش با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و دو عامل مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل (شب ش Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر ترکیبات مختلف نور و مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل بر نحوه رشد رویشی و زایشی بنفشه (Viola × wittrockiana Rose) بود. این پژوهش با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و دو عامل مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل (شب شکنی و انتهای روز) و ترکیبات متفاوت نور شامل نسبتهای مختلف نور آبی (طیف 467 نانومتر) و قرمز (625 نانومتر) به همراه نور لامپ پرفشار سدیم به عنوان شاهد انجام گرفت. تیمار ترکیبات نور (شدت 65 میکرومول بر متر مربع بر ثانیه) شامل 100٪ قرمز، 15٪ آبی: 85٪ قرمز، 30٪ آبی:70٪ قرمز و پرفشار سدیم بود. نتایج نشان داد که گیاهان با کاربرد ترکیب نوری 15٪ آبی: 85٪ قرمز بیشترین وزن تر و خشک برگسار (06/2 گرم و 23/0 گرم)، قطر ساقه (42/1 میلیمتر)، سطح برگ (72/44 سانتیمتر مربع)، تعداد برگ (5/16) و با کاربرد نور قرمز بیشترین وزن تر و خشک ریشه (63/1گرم و 39/0گرم) و بیشترین ارتفاع (17/6 سانتیمتر) را داشتند. نتایج بیانگر اثر معنیدار برهمکنش مقطع زمانی بکارگیری نور مکمل و ترکیبات نور بر محتویات کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، کلروفیل کل، کارتنویید و زمان گلدهی بود. کاربرد ترکیب نوری 15٪ آبی: 85٪ قرمز به صورت شبشکنی منجر به بیشترین محتویات کلروفیل a (86/0میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه)، کلروفیلb (52/0 میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه) و کلروفیل کل (51/1 میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه) شد. بیشترین محتویات کارتنویید (69/0 میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه) با کاربرد ترکیب نوری 30٪ آبی: 70٪ قرمز به صورت شبشکنی و کوتاهترین زمان گلدهی (56 روز بعد از کاشت بذر) با کاربرد ترکیب نوری30% آبی: 70% قرمز به صورت شبشکنی و بدون اختلاف معنیدار با کاربرد این ترکیب نوری در انتهای روز بدست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Analyzing the Relationship between Political Skills and Pro-Social Rule Breaking Among Sports Managers with the Mediator Role of Assertiveness
Davood Nasr Esfahani somayeh rahbari Ruhollah RamyarThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between political skills and Pro-social rule breaking among sports managers with a mediating role of assertiveness. In terms of purpose, this research was an applied research with a quantitative approach , it MoreThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between political skills and Pro-social rule breaking among sports managers with a mediating role of assertiveness. In terms of purpose, this research was an applied research with a quantitative approach , it was considered as a correlational research. The statistical population of this research includes the Iran's sports (N=373), based on the Karjesi and Morgan table, 191 people were considered as a sample. The research collection tools were Fries et al.'s political skills (2007), Wardaman et al.'s (2014) pro-social rule breaking, and Ratos assertiveness (2007) questionnaires. According to the results of the research, it was found that the state of political skill and courage in the Iran's top sports managers was at a favorable level, while the state of benevolent law breaking was not significantly different from the average level. The results showed that there was political skills had a direct and significant relationship between pro-social rule breaking (r = 0. 68), political skills and assertiveness (r = 0. 89), and assertiveness on pro-social rule breaking (r = 0. 30) in senior sports managers. The results also confirmed the existence of a significant and positive effect of political skills on pro-social rule breaking with the mediation role of assertiveness in senior sports managers (r = 0. 26). The research model also had a good fit. The presence of political skills in sports managers creates a phenomenon of assertiveness in these people and increases pro-social rule breaking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Taboo-Breaking in the Ancillaries of the Faith; A Study Based on the Persian Mystical Texts till 8th A.H. Century: A Case Study: Prayer and Fasting
Rezā Amini Siyāvash Haghjou Masood Ruhāni Hossein Hassanpour ĀlāshtyAn in-depth look at mystical texts reveals that besides the mystic's obedient relationship with the Truth, there is another kind of relationship in which the mystic's words and deeds ignore the sacred religious law; the existence of these two types of relationships toge MoreAn in-depth look at mystical texts reveals that besides the mystic's obedient relationship with the Truth, there is another kind of relationship in which the mystic's words and deeds ignore the sacred religious law; the existence of these two types of relationships together is worth considering. The present article, by using analytical-descriptive method, attempts to first express the forms of taboo-breaking in prayer and fasting, then seeks to prove the connection between these taboos-breaking with the two processes of correcting "self" and "other"; priority is given to "self-correction or self-discipline," which ultimately leads to "the correction of the other or society". The results of this study show that despite the mystics' adherence to the Sharia, breaking Islamic laws confuses the audience, but this removes man/woman from the level of habit and negligence and leads to knowledge and moral cultivation; the mystics' writings about the hidden secrets and the passage from the outward to the inward refer to this matter. Therefore, the method of these great men not only is not harmful to society, but also, it provides moral principles that raise man and society to a level in which worship is a form of morality and morality is a form of worship; and this process leads to external and internal discipline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Taboo-Breaking in the Story of Sheikh Sanān; An Analysis Based on Jung's Theory
Mohammad Ahi Elyas GhaderiTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present stud MoreTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present study, by using analytic-descriptive method and library sources, examines the examples of taboo-breaking in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr. In the article, the taboos are divided into two categories: Islamic and Christian taboos, and each of them has been analyzed according to the relevant religion. The main question is, given the character of Sheikh Sanān, why are taboos broken? The answer of the question is given based on the psychology of Jung and according to the principles of Islam and Christianity. Carl Gustav Jung believes that the incompatible and negative features are the result of the function of the shadow archetype. Therefore, the reason for breaking the taboos by the protagonists - Sheikh Sanān and the Christian girl - is the result of the action of the shadow archetype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Post-Structuralism and the Mysticism of Hāfez
مهری تلخابی According to the post-structuralist approach to textual analysis, any literary text has multiple meanings, and that the author is not the prime source of the work's semantic content. It rejects the idea of a literary text having a single purpose, a single meanin More According to the post-structuralist approach to textual analysis, any literary text has multiple meanings, and that the author is not the prime source of the work's semantic content. It rejects the idea of a literary text having a single purpose, a single meaning, or one singular existence. Instead, every individual reader creates a new and individual purpose, meaning, and existence for a given text. In the present article, attempt is made to show it is a viable possibility to explain Hafez's poetry in post-structuraist context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Red Herring in the Words and Behaviors of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr
Samareh Ashrafi Malek Mohammad FarrokhzādThe reversal of affairs or inversion of meanings is the base of many ideas of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr in his book, Asrar al-Tawhid (The Mysteries of Unification). They can explain one of the most important reasons of attractiveness of this highly valuable mystical book. So, MoreThe reversal of affairs or inversion of meanings is the base of many ideas of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr in his book, Asrar al-Tawhid (The Mysteries of Unification). They can explain one of the most important reasons of attractiveness of this highly valuable mystical book. So, in this paper, first of all, some kinds of inversion of meanings are introduced, cases like preferability of wealth over poverty, the superiority of joy over retirement, superiority of tolerance over revenge and etc.. One of the main reasons for this kind of attitude is the adherence to intoxication (sokr) against sobriety (sahv) in Abū-Saīd's ideas. When he promotes moral values, explains his own states or others' moods and caters to the spiritual and material needs of all people, he uses literary language and has different approaches to the norms of his contemporaries. In this way, depending on the audience's position, Abū-Saīd chases a red herring. By using this method, he struggles with the Sufi pride of his age. In the present article, the research methodology is descriptive-analytical method. Also, new findings about Asrar al-Tawhid are taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - چرا منظومه خسرو و شیرین نظامی دو صدایی است؟
علی اصغر حلبی فرزانه یوسف قنبری -
Open Access Article
35 - Scrutiny of how to use ornament of allusion in poet's Khaghani and introduction him imagination in this zone
Akbar hosein pour Moslem ahmadiIn this writing, efforts have been made to evaluate the method of application of historical pieces from the perspective of meaning and concept, and structure in balladries of Khaghani. The result of this research shows us that he, in addition to using historical pieces, MoreIn this writing, efforts have been made to evaluate the method of application of historical pieces from the perspective of meaning and concept, and structure in balladries of Khaghani. The result of this research shows us that he, in addition to using historical pieces, like other poets, tried to treat this arrangement based on his most fundamental thinking; meaning innovation, so much so that, this approach lead to breaking the old structures in relations between elements of myth. Reconstruction and recreation of a new narration from the same myth in his works, not only caused more expansion of meaning but also brought artistic ambiguity along with it which is easily understandable in intertwined layers of applied literal industries in his balladries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Iran and Saudi Security Deconstruction Controversy (2001-2014)
Reza SimbarSecurity Struggle between Iran and Saudi in the Middle East rather than by competing national interests of both countries will be affected by the symptoms it is linguistics competition.Two Governments seek to dominate the Islam world through the lens of their own knowle MoreSecurity Struggle between Iran and Saudi in the Middle East rather than by competing national interests of both countries will be affected by the symptoms it is linguistics competition.Two Governments seek to dominate the Islam world through the lens of their own knowledge.Due to fundamental differences in the Linguistic symptoms competition and conflict between the two countries' bilateral not lessened but rather highly developed forms of militant groups affiliated.Syria crisis , the battle between the Lebanese Hezbollah group and Dash (ISIL) in Syria, clashes in Iraq's Sunni and Shiite sectarian militias, sectarian clashes in Lebanon's internal governance of the crisis, some Persian Gulf countries including Bahrain Syndrome battle hardened ideological foundations of linguistics in the Middle East. n other hand, Noting that the two countries' foreign policy will be strictly limited to the ideological foundation of linguistic elements thatPossibility of a quick solution to control terrorism in the Middle East region is subdued in the short term.With these qualities you should look at the struggle of the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia and Iran, the will power to develop different forms of fundamentalism text to see both sides to the terror leader is.Thus, what is needed in part to linguistic analysts of international relations in the Middle East conflicts and problems to simply consider issues not such as the balance of power? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - آزمون تجربی نظریههای رقیب قیمتگذاری در حسابرسی نخستین: شواهدی از نحوه تأثیر برخی عوامل محیطی
زهره مهدی زاده رضا حصارزاده محمود لاری دشت بیاض -
Open Access Article
38 - بـررسی موفـقیت سنگ شـکن بـرون اندامی (ESWL) در تعدادی از بیماران مراجعه کننده به مراکز سنگ شکنی مشهد در سال 85 و 86
Masud Isapour Rahim Taghavi Zahra RuhaniAim: Efficacy of extra corporal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with renal stones referred to lithotripsy centers in Mashhad for one and half year. Methods and Material: In a cross sectional study, by a simple randomized sampling, 71 patients su MoreAim: Efficacy of extra corporal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients with renal stones referred to lithotripsy centers in Mashhad for one and half year. Methods and Material: In a cross sectional study, by a simple randomized sampling, 71 patients suffering renal stone entered to this study. First according to the edited questionnairies, site and size of stones were considered. Then after extra corporeal shock ware lithotripsy, rate of shock waves were recorded. And patients were followed in two stages (two and four weeks after extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy) finally successness of this procedure and quality of stones were considered. Results: 1- the rate of successness of extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy in our study was 74/6%. 2- From 56 completely delivered stones , 78/6% were Mixed, 10/7% were Uric Acid, 7/1% were Calcium Oxalate, 3/6% were Calcium Phosphate. It is remarkable that all of the Uric Acid stones, Calcium Oxalate Stones and Calcium Phosphate Stones in our samples were completely delivered. 3- In our study, 65% of caliceal stones, 78% of pelvic stones and 100% of proximal ureteral stone were delivered which this difference is significant. (P<0/05) 4- 89% of stone smaller than 10 mm and 51.7% of stones bigger than 10 mm were completely delivered which this difference is significant. (P=0/000287) 5- 99% of stones were fragmented by using 2500-3000 shocks. Conclusion: Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy is more successful in treatment of stone smaller than 10mm. the most stone free rate belongs to proximal ureteral stones, more than pelvic stones more than caliceal stones. We found that 2500-3000 shocks is adequate for fragmentation of stone with any size, location and quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Instrumentation for the Measurement of Factors Affecting Social Control of Cybercultural Transgressions among Social Media Users
Shalaleh Meraji Oskuie Kamran Mohamadkhani Ali Delavar Ali Akbar FarhangiAbstractDespite all the advantages to human life, computer-mediated communication has provided a fertile ground for transgressive behaviors. Transgression is a behavior that goes beyond boundaries, conventions, laws, and accepted practices. The way societies confront tr MoreAbstractDespite all the advantages to human life, computer-mediated communication has provided a fertile ground for transgressive behaviors. Transgression is a behavior that goes beyond boundaries, conventions, laws, and accepted practices. The way societies confront transgressive behaviors, and the social control methods they employ to decrease these behaviors and reduce their mal-effects are of a high significance. Hence, the current research aimed at instrumentation for the measurement of the factors affecting social control of cybercultural transgressions. In the current research, six steps of instrumentation are presented as follows: 1) Identification and extraction of constructs from literature; 2) Validation of constructs and variables; 3) Validity assessment of item pool; 4) A priori reliability and 5) Post hoc reliability assessment; 6) Construct validity assessment; and also, the results of the instrument implementation including final model’s goodness-of-fit, and power analysis are presented. The results of instrumentation process showed an acceptable validity and reliability for the instrument. The steps outlined in the current research can lead to development of better instruments by researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Human relationships expression and analysis in forming the tragedy of Siavash
Ali Akbar Farhangi Mansureh Ghanbar AbadiAbstract Vast interrelationships in shahnameh require that it is looked at from different perspectives. According to the definition of tragedy which is the death of an ideal noble man in a story who falls from happiness to misery brings to mind this question that how h MoreAbstract Vast interrelationships in shahnameh require that it is looked at from different perspectives. According to the definition of tragedy which is the death of an ideal noble man in a story who falls from happiness to misery brings to mind this question that how human relationships proceed that eventuates the death of this man. Since in the ideal land of Iran relationships are based upon wisdom how do then these tragedies take place? The aim of this article is to analyze the tragedy of Siavash with respect to different relationship theories and their criteria in order to find other influential factors forming the tragedy. The conclusion reached in this research shows apart from wisdom there are other factors which can lead a relationship towards cooperation or contention and step by step complete the different pieces of a tragedy. The method of research is documentary. The analysis of the content is qualitative and quantitative and 1423 couplets were chosen from the story of Siavash in Jovayni’s Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Defamiliarization in Saeb's Poetry
Narges Oskooii Defamiliarization is one of the prominent theories of literary criticism. Every artistic efforts that helps to rub off habitude and listlessness between the addresse and the writer which develops sensational unders More Defamiliarization is one of the prominent theories of literary criticism. Every artistic efforts that helps to rub off habitude and listlessness between the addresse and the writer which develops sensational understanding, mind challenging and creativity, is defined as defamiliarization. It was introduced by V.B. Sheklovsky the Russian writer of past century, and now it is diverted in different types such as Lexical and syntactic. Saeb is one of the well-known poets of persian literature in the field of defamiliarization whom his creativity, new saying, and innovation was salient. In this essay we are going to examine the major Styles of Saeb Considering defamiliarization of word, speech, meaning, and the necessity of their usage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - It is only the Sound that remains
Rafât Hadgi zadehSince the very beginning of the first edition of her poetry collection in 1331, till the end of her thirty two years of life in 1345, Farokhzad wrote poetry with her own style of expression and language. With her particular use of diction, and unique imagery, she MoreSince the very beginning of the first edition of her poetry collection in 1331, till the end of her thirty two years of life in 1345, Farokhzad wrote poetry with her own style of expression and language. With her particular use of diction, and unique imagery, she could depict a different world in an old- fashioned, male-oriented society which dominated the Persian Literature. A look upon the history of Persian Literature reveals that one seldom encounters conservative writings of women commenting on the traditional restrictions with no rights to express their views since the old conventional system regarded man as strong, logical, ruler, and speaker, yet woman as obedient, illogical, and silent. The symbol of a good woman was “an angel in the house” submissive, and patient who totally sacrificed herself at home. In this poem, Farokhzad finds empty the place of creative, thinking women in the domain of Art and Culture, and with such claim as “why should I stop” begins her struggle. Obviously such male- oriented society at that time could not accept such non-conventional ways, norm violated language, bold expressions, and truthful diction coming from a woman but Forough, the Iranian woman created a new atmosphere where she could resist the conventional traditions of society and fight for expressing her independent identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Hafez weighed by his unconventionality
Naser NaseriHafez’s time, is the era of moral decline and loss of sound principles among the different classes of people especially rulers, sovereigns, Sufis and, ascetics. Chaos and disorder resulted from the oppression and cruelty of rulers and sovereigns on one hand MoreHafez’s time, is the era of moral decline and loss of sound principles among the different classes of people especially rulers, sovereigns, Sufis and, ascetics. Chaos and disorder resulted from the oppression and cruelty of rulers and sovereigns on one hand and growing hypocrisy, fraud and deception of religious authorities and Sufis on the other hand led to the decline of religious and moral values. Hafez is caught in the midst of this sinkhole of corruption and depravity, discord, and despair and in his own words he is caught “in the dark night with a fear of such frightful wave and whirlpool”. As a thinker and a social savior, Hafez is well aware of all the pains, corruptions, and evils of the time and like a surgeon with a weapon of criticism and irony wants to open up the wounds and with affection heal the social ills. To achieve this goal inevitably he had to choose a language, captivating and soothing enough to give new life to the otherwise lifeless words and with using variety of literary devices he creates a resurrection in the mental and customary habits and in conventional language. Therefore the best way to attack two groups of rulers and Sufis was through writing, grabbing hold of techniques such as defamiliarization, deviation from the norm, deconstruction, antilogism, paradoxical imagery, and finally what is in general contrary to the norm and habits of the populace. Such extensive application of literary devices won Hafez his fame. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Canonical Correlation Analysis of the Relationship between Self-Differentiation and Attachment Behavior in Couple Relationships with Sensation Seeking in Women with Tendency to Marital Infidelity
Fahime Kashefi Manouchehr Azkhosh Mohammad Saeed Khanjani Hakime AghaeiThe aim of this study was to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlation me MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population of the present study included all married women who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran city in year 1401. In this study, through convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected as sample and they were asked to fill in attitudes toward infidelity scale, sensation seeking scale, self-differentiation inventory short form and brief accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement scale of Sandberg. The collected data was analyzed using Canonical correlation. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking (P<0/01). The of canonical correlation showed that common variance of self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking was 57/6%. According to the findings of this research, psychologists and family counselors can learn about variables predicting sensation seeking, such as self-differentiation and attachment behavior in spouses' marital relationships, and by strengthening them, engage in marital counseling. Manuscript profile
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