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Open Access Article
1 - A study of the association between financial reporting frequency and management myopia
Yasser Rezaei Pitenoei Mohammad GholamrezapoorIncreased financial reporting frequency is characterized as an appropriate mechanism which contributes to the enhancement of managerial information transparency and influences investment decision-making process. Despites of these significant influences, however, some st MoreIncreased financial reporting frequency is characterized as an appropriate mechanism which contributes to the enhancement of managerial information transparency and influences investment decision-making process. Despites of these significant influences, however, some studies reveal that it can persuade CEOs to adopt myopic approaches. The present study thus seeks to investigate the relationship between financial reporting frequency and management myopia in the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of 2013-2017. In pursuit of this goal, the research hypothesis is built upon a sample of 51 listed firms and then tested using multivariate logistic regression model. The results document a significantly positive relationship between financial reporting frequency and managerial myopia. In other words, increasing the frequency of financial reporting will lead to management myopia, which causes executives to ignore investment in R&D, marketing, and long-term activities that benefit the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Cities, The World Greenhouse
زهره FaniCities are contaminator with over consumption. Because of this situation, they aresubjected to many ecologic dangers and pressures. Therefore they distinct as unevenand unequal places; This process far away them from sustainable eco-city. This papersearch and study sust MoreCities are contaminator with over consumption. Because of this situation, they aresubjected to many ecologic dangers and pressures. Therefore they distinct as unevenand unequal places; This process far away them from sustainable eco-city. This papersearch and study sustainable eco-cities; the ways of structural reforms in the diseasedcities for instance; Limits of physical growth, Demanding Health, Transport and size –shape of cities, Food, Water and Waste.The World Bank was pronouncing that sustainable urban development and ecocityhave conditions as follow:-The livable;-The efficient local management;-Be able to competition;-The prosperity from bank credits;. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Waste Separation & Its Role in Increasing the Recycling Process
مراد کردی سعید تیموری احمد مرادعلیانThe daily increase of urban population in Tehran, along with the creation of new populated centers, the lack or weakness of policy-making and the evaluation of various urban functions and activities based on comprehensive and large-scale national plan, the change of con MoreThe daily increase of urban population in Tehran, along with the creation of new populated centers, the lack or weakness of policy-making and the evaluation of various urban functions and activities based on comprehensive and large-scale national plan, the change of consumption patterns and the continuity of waste discharge of the urban environment are the factors that create crisis which has caused after-crisis and has put to various risks many natural environments and the quality of health in humans; also, it has caused the discard of over 7000 tons of waste material. The discards are consisted of valuable metals, useable glass dishes, paper, recyclable plastic, pet, food waste and etc which are rich in nutrients. Among these useful waste materials, substances such as mercury in batteries, cadmium of fluorescent bulbs, toxic chemical cleaners also exist. Separating the bad waste materials from the good ones extremely helps in keeping the environment and human life healthy and helps the society to save more money. Today's urban management professionals have decided to find a way which helps people save more money and at the same time protect the environment and human health. This article states the importance and necessity of the waste separation plan and illustrates the problems caused by the unsuccessful implementation of the project and mentions the strategies which help the better implement of optimal plan coverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Quantitative Investigation and Simulation of CO2 Sequestration in Petroleum Reservoirs Aquifer
iman darvishi Mohamad Hossein Ghazanfarri Riyaz KharratBackground and Objective: Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in air has caused climate changes and global heating. So, it is really important to reduce greenhouse gases generation or to dispose them. Injection of CO2 in hydrocarbon formations in order to EOR in MoreBackground and Objective: Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in air has caused climate changes and global heating. So, it is really important to reduce greenhouse gases generation or to dispose them. Injection of CO2 in hydrocarbon formations in order to EOR in depleted oil and gas reservoirs and in aquifers is one of the disposal ways. Method: In this project using commercial simulator CO2 Sequestration in an oil reservoir aquifer has been simulated in compositional way. Reservoir connected aquifer has been simulated using Fetkovich model and injection wells are completed in aquifer section. Simulation has been performed under four different scenarios in vertical and horizontal wells. Findings: CO2 injection and storage in aquifer are possible in different cases like free gas, sequestrated (entrapped) gas, gas solved in water and storage as solid minerals that with regards the conditions in this study, entrapped gas and free gas were resultful. Discussion and Conclusion: Results show better potential for this end for horizontal wells than vertical wells, which two horizontal (3.3e+11 sm3) wells or six vertical wells (6.9e+11) are required to inject and store specified volume of CO2 and due to the importance of well completion and durability of gas in reservoir, down completion is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Presentation of Regression Model to Prediction of Pesticide in Iran
Maryam Sheykholeslamy Bourghani Mohamad Rezvani Seyed Mohamad ShobeiriBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution and organisms health threat is a negative consequence of pesticides usage. The research hypothesis is that increasing pesticide usage due to population growth threatens the environment. Presenting a model for pesticide u MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution and organisms health threat is a negative consequence of pesticides usage. The research hypothesis is that increasing pesticide usage due to population growth threatens the environment. Presenting a model for pesticide usage prediction and proposing educational strategies to reduce of pesticide usage is the goals of research. Method: At first trend of pesticide usage analyses according to comparative method. In the next stage Demographic Studies is done and population is predicted in 2026 vision. Then, with statistical modeling, a nonlinear regression model between population and pesticide usage is presented. By this model, pesticide usage in 2026 vision is predicted. Findings: Results show that pesticide usage in the period of 2005 to 2014 has been decreased. Calculated regression model between pesticide usage and population shows in 2026 vision ,that the country should has suitable environment, pesticide usage will be reduce as much as Thirty-fourth times lower than 2012. Discussion and Conclusion: Moving towards a suitable environment in terms of reducing of pesticide usage is positive and hypothesis is rejected. In order to enhance decreasing trend of pesticide usage educational strategies presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Explanation the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers
Mohammad Mobinifar Naser Ghasemi Reza ArjmandiToday, the use of pesticides somehow indicates just some of deterioration of agricultural standards. Due to the effects of the pesticide contaminants in animal and human life, our country's commitment to the implementation of related rules and regulations, Improve the q MoreToday, the use of pesticides somehow indicates just some of deterioration of agricultural standards. Due to the effects of the pesticide contaminants in animal and human life, our country's commitment to the implementation of related rules and regulations, Improve the quality and utilization of pesticides is much more accurate. In this Regard, the role of organizations such as the judiciary, the Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Health, Agricultural Jihad, Plant Protection Organization, it is clear in the formulation and implementation of rules and regulations related to pesticides. In this Study, Explanation the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, is considered legal aspects, environmental and executive management. Ahead cross-sectional study based on the principles and methods, and this research has been done on the basis of library studies and official statistics. According to the study about the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, legal, environmental, managerial and administrative aspects are mentioned.In the Light of what has been reached by this study, Exploration of Rules and regulations related to pesticides in Iran, as well as Effective approaches and strategies in the light of the existing procedures to control pests and pesticides has been Studied. Results, Shows the limitation rules in the excretion of toxins pests in Iran and it does seems that, these rules must be complemented through effective framework that can better model to be implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Models Based on Geographic Information Systems in Locating Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites (Case Study: Bushehr Province)
Ghazaleh Danesh masoud monavari ghasemali omrani Abdolreza Karbasi Forough FarsadBackground and Objective: Todays, due to the expansion of cities, large quantities of industrial and hazardous materials are produced, which, in order to prevent its long-term and dangerous effects on human and environmental communities, selecting the best site for thes MoreBackground and Objective: Todays, due to the expansion of cities, large quantities of industrial and hazardous materials are produced, which, in order to prevent its long-term and dangerous effects on human and environmental communities, selecting the best site for these wastes has become one of the complex decisions in urban management action. Because of numerous industrial units, especially refineries, in Bushehr province, it is essential to find a management solution for hazardous wastes of this province. Finding the optimal location using multi-criteria decision models based on GIS that has both the lowest environmental risks and economically optimal, is the main goal of this article.Method: In this study, 24 parameters were used to analyze the selection of hazardous waste disposal sites based on the Delphi method in Bushehr province. Selected criteria were divided into two ecological and economic categories and ANP method was used to weight the criteria. At the final stage, suitable sites for these wastes were determined based on the GIS-based WLC method. Findings: The results showed that ecological criteria had the highest score (61/34%) and land use had the highest weight (0/27) and evaporation of the lowest weight (0/0017). Also, 6/13% of the province has a very high potential and 17/7% of the surface area is completely inappropriate for the disposal of hazardous wastes.Discussion and Conclusion: Study results highlighted the importance and significant weight of environmental criteria in prioritizing the proposed areas for hazardous disposal in Bushehr province, and has shown the model's efficiency in integrating GIS and MCDM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Hybrid Multi-criteria Decision-making and Allocation Model for Selection of Hospital Waste Disposal Firms
Mohammad amin Sabeti Karajvandani Ghasem Abbasi Omid Amirtaheri Soheila KhishtandarBackground and Objective: In a context where substantial volumes of hospital waste are generated and disposed of daily, the ineffective sanitary disposal of such waste can lead to environmental risks and higher operational expenses. However, hospitals frequently overloo MoreBackground and Objective: In a context where substantial volumes of hospital waste are generated and disposed of daily, the ineffective sanitary disposal of such waste can lead to environmental risks and higher operational expenses. However, hospitals frequently overlook objective criteria when evaluating and selecting waste disposal firms, relying instead on subjective judgment and past experiences. This research proposes a decision-making framework that presents a hybrid model combining multi-criteria decision-making and linear programming. The primary objective of this study is to propose a safe and efficient method for outsourcing disposing of or recycling hospital waste. Material and Methodology: This study presents a framework for decision-making in hospital waste disposal, addressing both single and multiple outsourcing scenarios. Firstly, the literature is reviewed to identify the criteria for evaluating waste disposal firms. The DEMATEL method is employed to explore the cause-and-effect relationships among these criteria, selecting the most significant ones and visualizing their causal relationships in a network format. The analytic network process (ANP) method is then utilized to evaluate and choose the most suitable waste disposal firm in a single outsourcing scenario. Additionally, to mitigate the risks associated with single outsourcing, a linear programming model is introduced for multiple outsourcing. This mathematical model determines the optimal allocation of waste quantities to various waste disposal firms, aiming to maximize the overall amount of waste disposed of by these firms. Fidings: The framework introduced in this study was put into practice to assess and choose hospital waste disposal firms in Tehran. Through a comprehensive literature review, 10 evaluation criteria were identified. Among these, the six most influential criteria were selected using the DEMATEL method, and their causal relationships were depicted in a network. The ANP was employed to assign weights to the evaluation criteria and the candidate firms. The evaluation criteria, in descending order of importance, include qualified human resources, recycling and disposal capacity, experience, cost, collection and transportation infrastructure, and waste disposal and recycling technology. Furthermore, a linear programming model was solved using Lingo software to optimize the allocation of waste among the candidate firms. Discussion & Conclusion: The decision-making model presented in this article offers advantages to both hospital officials and urban pollution control officials in the context of outsourcing sanitary waste disposal. The outcomes obtained from implementing the proposed framework demonstrate that decision-making based on this model not only benefits hospitals in selecting a suitable firm but also helps to mitigate conflicts of interest and disagreements between hospitals, sanitary waste disposal firms, and urban pollution control officials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Investigation of Heavy Metal Content and Their Chemical Forms in Tehran Sewage Sludge for Agricultural Application
Sumayyah Naji Rad Akbar Ghavidel Hossein Ali Alikhani Ali Ashraf Soltnai ToolaroodBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application ma MoreBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application may lead to soil and environmental pollution. Method: In this research, the amount of total, DTPA-extractable and soluble forms of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Ni and population of coliform bacteria were determined in the sludge samples of three different sewage sludge treatment plants including Shahrak-e-Gharb, Ekbatan and Shoush and the results were compared to the world pollution limit standards of these metals and the coliform population. Findings: Results showed that 0.01% of all metals accumulatively in sewage sludge were in soluble form, 1.32% in DTPA-extractable form and 98.67% in other forms, which are unavailable. Shoush sludge had largest amount of sum of eight metals (39.73 gr/kg dry sludge), Ekbatan sludge (28.42 gr/kg dry sludge) and Shahrak-e-Gharb sludge (22.95 gr/kg dry sludge) were the second and third in the rank, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Because of high amounts of Zn and Cu in the sludge samples in compare to the standards, the samples from all the treatment plants did not categorized as the exceptional quality which can be used in agriculture. A comparison between the coliform population and the standards showed that in this regard, sludge samples were in B quality and there would be limitations in their land application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Developing Wastewater Quality Index (WWQI) for treated municipal wastewater with the wastewater reuse approach
Maliheh Falah Nezhad Tafti Nasser Mehrdadi Ali Torabian Hossein NayebBackground and Objective: Determining the wastewater quality index of municipal wastewater treatment plant for reuse or disposal purposes has always been an important issue. Therefore, developing a wastewater quality index facilitates the investigation and selection of MoreBackground and Objective: Determining the wastewater quality index of municipal wastewater treatment plant for reuse or disposal purposes has always been an important issue. Therefore, developing a wastewater quality index facilitates the investigation and selection of the best option for wastewater reuse or disposal. Thus, determining the important quality parameters and the level of importance of each parameter in terms of the application of the wastewater are essential. Method: In this study, after determining the important quality parameters by Delphi method, the weight of each factor was calculated using the multi-criteria decision making tools in order to develop the wastewater quality index. Then, the matrix for wastewater quality index was presented by defining the sub-indices for each parameter using the standards for wastewater reuse and disposal and by integration methods. Findings: Results indicated that the quality parameters including BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Fecal Coliform, pH, NH4 PO4 are the most important parameters. Also, developing the wastewater quality index through different methods for reuse and disposal and application of various weights for each parameter was found to be a more accurate and reliable method. This method allows for fast and simple evaluation of wastewater in each treatment plant and comparison of different municipal wastewater treatment plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - 4
سید مسعود منوری قاسمعلی عمرانی امیر حسام حسنی کتایون ورشوساز -
Open Access Article
12 - 5
نادر مختارانی محمدرضا علوی مقدم بابک مختارانی رضا رضایی سیروس ناصریان -
Open Access Article
13 - 6
قاسمعلی عمرانی عبدالرضا کرباسی مسعود منوری ندا یوسفی -
Open Access Article
14 - Identify challenges disposal domestic waste from the perspective rural the heads of households "Case Study: Sarab- Ghalaeshahin Rural, Sarpole-Zahab Township"
Somayeh Shahbazi Ali Asghar Mirak ZadehBackground and Objective: One of the pillars of sustainable development is pay attention to the physical and ecological aspects of rural. Human activities and changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns, resulteding in increased production of waste material. So is inc MoreBackground and Objective: One of the pillars of sustainable development is pay attention to the physical and ecological aspects of rural. Human activities and changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns, resulteding in increased production of waste material. So is increaseding production of waste less material and how to disposal of the environmental challenges of human society, therefor, the aim of this study is to identify challenges and barriers to domestic waste from the perspective rural heads of households. Method: The investigation is descriptive and the survey was performed, The study sample was the heads of households Sarab- Ghalaeshahin Rural, Sarpole-Zahab Township that way was conducted in this study the census (N= 170), 110 questionnaires were completed and returned them (return rate = 70/64 percent). The research instrument was a questionnaire which content validity examined modified and approved by a number of experts and professors of Department of Agricultural Extension and Education Razi University in Kermanshah. The coefficient of reliability (Cronbach's alpha), was obtained by a pre-test 0/823. Findings: According to the finding, it was 7 challenges domestic waste in the rural of study include. They are: the challenges of inter-sectoral of coordination, educatio - inform, financial, administrative, lack of compiled program, social and cultural.challenges were identified. By considering suitable place for disposal waste domestic, inter-sectoral lack of coordination, in exprienced management for disposal waste domestic and decrease ability management of goverenment (to settle different functions) challenge of inter-sectoral lack of coordination was acquaintanced challenge of disposal waste domestic rural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - predicted profit on the possibility of revision in profit prediction
Majid Zanjirdar Saeid GhasemiPrediction of management is a key mechanism of voluntary disclosure. Previous studies in this area have shown evidences that managers disseminate the profit predictions to provide more information and guidance to the market and the market significantly react to it.After MorePrediction of management is a key mechanism of voluntary disclosure. Previous studies in this area have shown evidences that managers disseminate the profit predictions to provide more information and guidance to the market and the market significantly react to it.After designing the mentioned indices, the data of transactions conducted in the study five-year duration i.e. 1390-94 (2011-15) has been collected from the Stock Exchange. The statistical sample is consisted of 107 companies that have been selected using systematic elimination method that totally were 535 year-firm. In this study to assess the hypotheses, the linear regression and correlation have been used. In order to data analysis and test the hypotheses, the EVIEWS software is used. What can be considered in total summing up and conclusion of the study hypotheses is that the buy and hold returns, the number of revision and the seasonal error in predicted profit have an impact on the possibility of revision in profit prediction. In addition, decision-making based on informed transactions by insiders has an impact on the relationship between the mentioned variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The relationship between the amount of free float and liquidity of shares in Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammadreza Monjazeb Sajjad jalaliThis study investigates the association of free float and liquidity of the stock. In addition to considering any reasonable investor in making an investment return and risk criteria should also consider liquidity to be able to determine the relationship between liquidit MoreThis study investigates the association of free float and liquidity of the stock. In addition to considering any reasonable investor in making an investment return and risk criteria should also consider liquidity to be able to determine the relationship between liquidity indicators (turnover, value of transactions, number of transactions, number of days of trading and turnover trading stock) Tehran Stock Exchange with a free float of 164 companies were investigated. For this purpose, trimester data were collected from the 1391- 1385 companies. Using the combined data (panel) regression models were estimated. The results showed that all of the free float and liquidity indicators, there is a significant relationship. Given the values of the estimated coefficients, in order of most to least about trading stock turnover, number of days traded, turnover, number of trades, the trades are free float variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Study of common and modern methods of disinfection and disposal of hazardous hospital waste
Farnoosh Bagheri zonoz Afsaneh ShahbaziThe management of hospital waste is to be a major challenge, particularly, in the most of developingcountries in the world. Lack of identify, isolation, storage and proper disinfection of hazardoushospital wastes causes health and pollution problems in the environment. MoreThe management of hospital waste is to be a major challenge, particularly, in the most of developingcountries in the world. Lack of identify, isolation, storage and proper disinfection of hazardoushospital wastes causes health and pollution problems in the environment. In according to WorldHealth Organization (WHO), dangerous hospital wastes were divided to eight groups includesinfectious waste, pathology, chemical, toxic, sharp things, medical waste with the content of heavymetals, pressurized containers and radioactive. Disinfection method of dangerous hospital wastes mustbe affordable, practicable, and chosen compatible with environment rules. Common technology ofdisinfection and treatment such as burning, autoclave and chemical disinfectant are practicable andrecommendable in the most of countries all over the world such new technologies were mentionedmicrowave and super critical fluid carbon dioxide. The selection of new method on based supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCFCO2) can decrease the infection of hazardous hospital wastes. It is notonly the adaptable method with the environment but also a compatible method of environment thatdecreases contact with infectious wastes, work force and cost. Therefore it can be proposed as a neweffective method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investiation of problems resulting from debris management after earthquake and providing appropriate solutions
nina Rafeei abdolreza KrabasiEarthquaks in urban areas produce large volumes ofdebris that delay the recovery and response phases.Therefore, debris management and debris removalunder the framework of recovery programs are soimportant. International experiences have shownthat in recovery phase, larg MoreEarthquaks in urban areas produce large volumes ofdebris that delay the recovery and response phases.Therefore, debris management and debris removalunder the framework of recovery programs are soimportant. International experiences have shownthat in recovery phase, large amount of wastes canbe recycled and reused. So, necessary constructionmaterials can be provided and the amount of debrisdelivered to landfills and environmental problemswill be reduced. However recovery and responsephases should be done with proper debris management.In this paper some of the problems involvedin earthquake debris are considered and appropriatesolutions are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Qur'an's view on taqiyyah and limiting corporal punishment by looking at narrations and hadiths
Fazlullah ranjbar kazem Ghazizadeh Mohammad Kazem Rahman SetayeshThe use of corporal punishment, such as stoning, flogging, amputation and execution, is considered contrary to the human rights obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has provoked domestic and international reactions.One of the controversial issues in scientifi MoreThe use of corporal punishment, such as stoning, flogging, amputation and execution, is considered contrary to the human rights obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has provoked domestic and international reactions.One of the controversial issues in scientific circles, which has also become a place of inquiry from the great authorities of imitation, is whether, despite the provision of corporal punishment, it is legally possible that according to the jurisprudential rule of "taqiyyah" at certain times Granted corporal punishment?The result of this research, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical method, indicates that according to the explicit and implicit meaning of Quranic verses and authentic narrations, taqiyyah is a jurisprudential rule. According to this rule, corporal punishment can be temporarily modified, changed or abolished if the integrity of the Islamic system and government is endangered. The purpose of taqiyyah is not always to save lives, to avoid danger and harm, but it can be considered the more important purpose of preserving religion and preventing its decline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A review and a survey of the rural novel "toop" by gholamhossein saedi from a postcolonial perspective
Masuod Mohammadi Khanqah seyed ebrahim arman seyed Babak FarzanehThe study of the contemporary Arabic and Persian novels from the view point of the modern critic theories has special importance and strengthening such critical-cultural researches can be the miraculous key to solve political misconceptions between Iranian-Arabic focal MoreThe study of the contemporary Arabic and Persian novels from the view point of the modern critic theories has special importance and strengthening such critical-cultural researches can be the miraculous key to solve political misconceptions between Iranian-Arabic focal points. Furthermore, many Arab regions have been as Iran under colonial domination. The present study shows technical methods of the two Algerian and Iranian writers in regard to the two French and Russian colonial powers. By giving a clear picture of protagonist and antagonist elements, the result of this research is that in Saedi's 'tup' protagonist as the foreground character plays antagonist role and is not the instigator of the story, even though not regarded as its prominent character. On the other hand, Saedi in developing the plot tries to make ethical charastristics of the characters salient. The common characteristics of the writers includes the consequences of colonialism picture in the rural life, and constituents such as: class conflicts caused by colonial oppression followed by combats and resistance to colonialists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation of national standards for locating industrial waste landfills using GIS
Eham Yousefi Rubiat Elham Yousefi Rubiat Elham ChamanepourBackground and Objective The rise in wealth, improving living standards, increasing the rate of population growth, along with increasing the level of commercial and industrial activities in urban areas around the world, are the main reasons for the significant increase MoreBackground and Objective The rise in wealth, improving living standards, increasing the rate of population growth, along with increasing the level of commercial and industrial activities in urban areas around the world, are the main reasons for the significant increase in solid waste production, including industrial waste. These wastes lead to the emergence of environmental and human problems and on the other hand, disrupt environmental security. Among the wastes, industrial wastes are highly important due to their high variability, and choosing a suitable location for the landfill site of these wastes is an effective means of controlling pollution from its source. There are many methods for waste disposal such as a sanitary landfill, combustion, recycling, recovery, reduction, and composting. But sanitary burial in a Landfill is an appropriate and acceptable option for disposing of industrial solid waste. Choosing the right place for a solid waste landfill is an effective means of controlling pollution from its source. The site selection process is one of the most difficult tasks related to solid waste management systems because it is subject to government regulations, municipal and government budgets, increasing population density, increasing environmental awareness, public health concerns, reducing the availability of suitable land for Landfilling and increasing political and social opposition to the creation of landfills. GIS is an important tool for identifying and selecting the right site and has a positive impact on time and cost management, as well as providing a digital database for long-term monitoring that is able to process complex geographic data and graphically display results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proper place for non-particular landfill of Birjand industrial park, based on the standards of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of Energy in the GIS environment. In this study, the best places in terms of environment, soils, geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, climate, infrastructure, and socio-social criteria. This study is able to provide a model while applying all standards of the country, to reduce the ecological risk. Materials and Methods For this purpose, 8 parameters including environmental, soils, geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, climate, infrastructure, and socioeconomic as the main criteria were examined in the form of 26 subcriteria. After identifying the criteria and the amount of restriction and prohibition for each factor, information was obtained by referring to the relevant organizations of each criterion. And the database is required by using GIS and Google Earth pro systems. Then, the limitations in each layer were removed using the tools in the GIS software environment. The remaining areas were standardized using layers defuzzification. Finally, the layers are integrated using the Rasters calculation tool, and the best area for the site construction of the waste landfill location was selected.Results and Discussion After combining the maps and applying the existing prohibition, four polygons in the north of the industrial park and a polygon in the south of the region were identified that there is no prohibition on the construction of a landfill place. Then the parameters such as slope, height, aspect, soil type, rainfall, land use, and vegetation map were applied as restrictions. After applying the restrictions in the region, only one polygonal remains in the northern part of the industrial park, which is proposed as a suitable area for the construction of a waste landfill. The area has less than 5% slope, its vegetation is poor and the moor region is considered. It is also not in the dominant wind direction of the region. This polygon distance to the industrial park is about 4 km. The overall area is 3 million square meters. With a field visit of the proposed polygon, the sigmoid sluice area, the bare lands, and the border of the hill was removed from an area of 3000000 m². And, only two polygons with an area of 467,000 m3 were reminded. According to the annual volume of waste generated in the region (2400 m²) and the lifespan of 20 years, the total volume of waste is equal to 48000 m². To bury this volume of waste, a land with dimensions of 300×80 m² with a depth of at least two meters is needed. According to the area of the proposed area, there are about 18 plots with a depth of two meters in the area that can be selected as a landfill.Conclusion The results show that attention to existing standards can be considered a tool for choosing the ideal site. This study is able to provide a model that, while using all national standards, also leads to an ecological risk. Finally, it is suggested that recycling produced per unit reduces waste production from origin. The stone powder prepared from the stone factories' wastes, re-separation of construction waste according to the size, and reuse of them in construction can lead to the recycling of most of this waste. It is essential to implement the proposed landfill as soon as possible, as they are now discharged without any management around, which has become a health and aesthetic problem and the area is becoming a dust source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effect of Number of Weedings and the Type of Herbicides on Yield and Yield Components of Cotton
Mohammad Armin Mohammad Esmaeil Kashki Mostafa HeidariThe effect of hand weeding and the type of herbicides application on yield and yield components of cotton was investigated as factorial arrangement based on rrandomized complete block design with 3 replications in Davarzan section of Sabzevar.The factors of the study in MoreThe effect of hand weeding and the type of herbicides application on yield and yield components of cotton was investigated as factorial arrangement based on rrandomized complete block design with 3 replications in Davarzan section of Sabzevar.The factors of the study included of the type of herbicide at 4 levels (soil incorporated, post emergence, incur porated soil + post emergence, and control) and weeding number at 3 levels (weedy check, once and twice hand weeding). Trifluralin (1200 gai/ha) and Trifloxysulfuron sodium (15 gai/ha with cytogate 2/1000) were selected as pre plant soil incorporated herbicides and post emergence herbicide, respectively. The result showed that twice hand weeding had the highest economic yield. There wasn’t significant difference between once and twice weeding for economic yield. Between yield components, the number of boll and reproductive branches were affected more by times of weed control, especially two times weed control. The highest yield and yield component were achieved in soil applied + plus post emergence treatment. Although post emergence application herbicide had more yield but did not control weeds effectively. Overall, applied soil + post emergence treatment plus one time hand weeding provide a good weed control and gained suitable economic yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - تاملی در جواز خودکشی با انگیزه حفظ اسرار
محمد جواد مظاهری طهرانی هادی عظیمی گرکانی -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation Gaeolaelaps aculeifer in control of gladiolus bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus echinopus)
A. Hoseininia M. ArbabiBulb mite damage (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) on gladiola corms has economic importance to the producers. An evaluation carried out on effects of Gaeolaelaps aculeifer in control of bulb mites in laboratory condition. An infestation of gladiolus corm done by transferring 4 MoreBulb mite damage (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) on gladiola corms has economic importance to the producers. An evaluation carried out on effects of Gaeolaelaps aculeifer in control of bulb mites in laboratory condition. An infestation of gladiolus corm done by transferring 4 adult female bulb mite on each corm and corm cultivated on a earthen pot with 50%m 25% and 25% composition of soil, manure and sands which disinfected with a valid fungicide. Seven releasing types used for predatory mite in comparison controlled treatment. Effects of predatory mite evaluated after 35 days from releasing time by measuring length of stem at monthly interval in three consequent months, number of new germinated corms also counted after three months. Number of active bulb mite stages counted through Berlese faunal. Completely randomized block design with 5 replications were used. Analysis variance on collected data done by SAS software. Significant differences (p>0.05) observed among treatments. Maximum new germinated corms (3.4 corms), least% bulb mites infestation (10.80%) and number bulb mite (0.2 mite) recorded for four times released predatory mite. The least length of stem developed 42.7 cm for one time releasing predatory mite at 3 days after. Results four steps releasing predatory mite provided maximum efficiency and can recommended for biological control of bulb mites in the greenhouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - تحلیل و بررسی نقش مدیریت روستایی در جمع آوری و دفع زباله از محیطروستا(مطالعه موردی: بخش جزینک شهرستان زهک)
حمید حیدری مکرر عبدالمجید شاهزائی -
Open Access Article
26 - The Investigation of Relationship between Cash Conversion Cycle and Liquidity Ratios in Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
Zohreh Hajiha Fereshteh FeizabadiThe main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between cash conversion cycle and liquidity ratios in Iranian companies' context. The study indicates that there is a positive correlation between cash conversion cycle and quick and current ratios. MoreThe main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between cash conversion cycle and liquidity ratios in Iranian companies' context. The study indicates that there is a positive correlation between cash conversion cycle and quick and current ratios. Cash conversion cycle can be defined as a technique to evaluate the working capital indicating the average of liquidity situation of a company. Therefore, the statistical population of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) was examined in this research. Using randomly sampling, 180 companies were selected as the research sample. The research hypotheses were tested by correlation and regression methods. The findings demonstrated a positive strong significant correlation between cash conversion cycle and quick ratio; however, there is no significant correlation between cash conversion cycle and current ratio. There is, also, a negative significant correlation between cash conversion cycle and inventory conversion period. These results imply that quick ratio is a strong indicator of company liquidity; nonetheless, inventory has a negative effect on liquidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Assessment, Matrix, Disposal, GIS, Waste, Leachate
Behnosh Khoshmanesh Fatemeh RazavianThe increasing daily production of waste and its proper disposal is one of the major environmental challenges of human societies, and burying waste is one of the most commonly used methods in this direction. Urban landfills can be considered as civil projects that have MoreThe increasing daily production of waste and its proper disposal is one of the major environmental challenges of human societies, and burying waste is one of the most commonly used methods in this direction. Urban landfills can be considered as civil projects that have multiple environmental impacts. The use of environmental impact assessment and assessment of current disposal sites can be considered as one of the tools for environmental management. The purpose of this study was to use this tool to identify the negative effects of Gandak landfills in Damavand city and provide appropriate solution and option. To this end, along with examining the effects of the current project (Gandak) with 15 years of experience, other appropriate options were also considered. In order to select other suitable alternatives for the construction of landfill and associated facilities, using the existing standards, some criteria were defined for locating, and were overlapped by GIS software. By overlapping different layers, the zones suitable for burial centers were identified, and finally a different appropriate option (Option 2) was selected from among them.Then, in order to evaluate the selected options, a matrix of environmental factors and micro-activities of the project were prepared to examine the impact of each micro-activity by the construction and operation phase on 70 environmental parameters of the region. Regarding the results of the completion of the assessment matrix in two phases of construction and operation, it was found that Option 1 (Gandak) is more appropriate than Option 2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - رابطه اختلاف قیمت پیشنهادی خرید و فروش سهام با بازدهی بازار، تعداد دفعات معامله و سرعت گردش سهام در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
شهره اصغری گیلده محسن حمیدیان بهزاد یوسفیان امیرخیز -
Open Access Article
29 - Ethnoarchaeological Investigations of Tang Mansouri and Nukhan Villages in Kermanshah Province and their Importance in Archaeological Interpretations with Emphasis on Garbage Disposal Patterns
Naser AminikhahIn the last few decades, the rapid development of technologies has caused extended and rapid changes in various aspects of human life, from architecture and social structure to clothing and food. Therefore, today there are few places and communities that have remained a MoreIn the last few decades, the rapid development of technologies has caused extended and rapid changes in various aspects of human life, from architecture and social structure to clothing and food. Therefore, today there are few places and communities that have remained away from these changes. For this reason, it is very important to record the information available in such places that have preserved their traditional foundation to help in the recognition of archaeological findings and the analysis and interpretation of data. Two villages of Tang Mansouri and Nukhan in Kermanshah Province are among the few communities that have remained far away from the changes of the present age and have been able to preserve their traditional way of life to some extent. Accordingly, the two mentioned villages were considered the most suitable options for conducting ethnoarchaeological studies and hence, they were selected for this research. These two villages have been studied simultaneously and a comprehensive description of them has been presented by investigating different aspects of life. By comparing the data, suggestions are made to help archaeologists make a more accurate analysis of their findings. In addition, the pattern of waste disposal, which is very important in archaeological explorations and interpretations, has been emphasized and the landscape of the archaeological sites has been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Review on Basics of Solid Waste Engineering and Management
Mehrab Fallahi-Samberan Samaneh KhodadadiThe amount of waste has been steadily increasing due to the increasing human population and urbanization. Waste materials are generated from manufacturing processes, industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW). A large number of components in MSW create health and envir MoreThe amount of waste has been steadily increasing due to the increasing human population and urbanization. Waste materials are generated from manufacturing processes, industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW). A large number of components in MSW create health and environmental problems. Health impacts include exposure to toxic chemicals through air, water and soil media; exposure to infection and biological contaminants. The environmental impacts can be pollution and global warming, photochemical oxidant creation, abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and eco toxicity to water. The communities, industries, and individuals have, therefore, found several ways to reduce and better manage Municipal Solid Waste through a combination of practices not only to extract reusable components but to generate energy in the form of heat or electricity. These practices include source reduction, recycling, and processing/disposal through different technologies such as composting, combustion/incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, landfill and so on. The increasing awareness about the environment has tremendously contributed to the concerns related with disposal of the generated wastes. This paper presents a detailed review about waste and waste management options, and research published on the effect of waste materials on environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Effect of different feeding frequency on feed consumption, growth and feed conversion ratio of common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758)
مهدی عادلی افشین قلیچی زید احمدی مهرداد کمالی سنزیقیThe aim of this research is evaluation of different feeding frequency on growth parameters and survival rate of fingerling Cyprinus carpio fishes during 8 weeks. In this research 240 individual fishes with initial weight range of 8.85-9.26(gr) in 4 different treatments MoreThe aim of this research is evaluation of different feeding frequency on growth parameters and survival rate of fingerling Cyprinus carpio fishes during 8 weeks. In this research 240 individual fishes with initial weight range of 8.85-9.26(gr) in 4 different treatments and 3 replicate such as T1 (once a day at 10h), T 2 (twice a day at 8 and 16 h), T 3 (thrice a day at 8, 12 and 16 h) and T 4 (four times a day at 8, 12, 16 and 20 h) were tested. Feeding rate was done according to 5 percent of body weight in a day. Results showed that, there are significant differences in increase of final fish body weight and final body length between different treatments (P<0.05). Although, highest body weight and body length increase in T 3 (thrice a day) was observed. Also, there were significant differences in different parameters such as FCR, SGR, BWI, PBWI, FI, CF, GR and production parameters between different treatments (P<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in survival rate of different treatments observed (P>0.05). Finally, 3 times feeding frequency in a day (T 3) according to growth performance of different treatments for common carp fingerling fish was suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Deal Reverence with the Knowledge of Using Taboo
ali faghihi Without any doubt, a deal with someone that we know he uses the dealt merchandise in legit (legitimate) way, is allowable, but dealing with someone that we know he uses the dealt merchandise in taboo way, such as selling provocative clothes to More Without any doubt, a deal with someone that we know he uses the dealt merchandise in legit (legitimate) way, is allowable, but dealing with someone that we know he uses the dealt merchandise in taboo way, such as selling provocative clothes to profligate women or make up these women by hairdresser and/ or leasing vehicles or audio and video equipment to the taboo party and/ or selling food and drinks on Ramadan month to fast eater and much more. What is its verdict? Jurists, especially the initiative following the narratives, only annoy the sale and rent and some jurists consider in detail between the sale and rent and have not annoy other cases such as land dedicated to children with the knowledge of using taboo or donate it and also they indicate that avoiding from own property if that lead to use taboo by the owner. The author after quoting the views of the great jurists since Sheikh Tousi time up to present reviews and criticizes the ideas and proves the absolute reverence of deals and his documents are several categories of narrative context, although he knows all other evidences of reverence that other jurists have brought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Jurisprudence - Legal Basis for Preventing Litigation in Iran Law with Emphasis on French Judicial Procedure
Hossein Ali Mirzajani Roodpashti mehdi fallah kharyeki Seyed Hassan Hosseini MoghadamSimultaneously with filing a lawsuit and in accordance with the general rules of civil liability, the plaintiff must prove that he has a legitimate interest. Therefore, if the subject of the lawsuit is the compensation of damages caused to the plaintiff as a result of t MoreSimultaneously with filing a lawsuit and in accordance with the general rules of civil liability, the plaintiff must prove that he has a legitimate interest. Therefore, if the subject of the lawsuit is the compensation of damages caused to the plaintiff as a result of the action taken, these damages must have been incurred to the plaintiff at the time of filing the lawsuit. The present article seeks to investigate and answer this question with a descriptive and analytical method and a comparative approach that whether the laws and regulations of Iran subject to the use of jurisprudential rules and through the deterrent of civil liability "with emphasis on the French judicial system" can oblige individuals to exercise caution and prudence to some extent. That failure to adhere to these principles and rules would result in "even before the actual loss" claim for damages commenced? The findings of this study suggest that civil liability using legal and jurisprudential rules as well as the "positive approach of French judicial procedure" will be able to interfere with the allegation of violations of law and before the loss enters into force against the principal. Identification damages and thereby provide a legal basis for a lawsuit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Jurisprudential and legal study of the effectiveness of the rule of repelling corruption to corruption
houshangh gholmoammadi Sayyad Mohammadreza Ayati Mohammadkazem RahmanstayeshThe actualization of the expediencies and the repelling of the depravities from the people’s lives are intended by the canon’s legislation of rules. Therefore, when an issue falls between two depravity extremes and none can be repelled, the common sense rule MoreThe actualization of the expediencies and the repelling of the depravities from the people’s lives are intended by the canon’s legislation of rules. Therefore, when an issue falls between two depravity extremes and none can be repelled, the common sense rules the repelling of the maximal depravity based on such a maxim as the necessity of repelling the worst as compared to the worse. The present study aims at investigating the documents of the foresaid maxim and its applications in jurisprudence and Iran’s laws using an organized descriptive-analytical method. It will be expressed that the maxim “the necessity of repelling the worst as compared to worse”, though not having been inserted independently, has been clearly stated in the legislators’ books along with such other axioms as no-interference is permitted, the necessity of taking the more important as compared to the important and emergency situation; it is, in practice, one of the jurisprudential axioms most widely applied in the personal, ethical, social, political and legal lives of the people. The obtained results indicated that it is necessary for a judge to verify the internal will and piety of the wrongdoer in regard of repelling the worst as compared to worse in line with preventing any contingent misuse and deception. Also, it is the wrongdoer who should persuade the judge in regard of his or her intention for doing a wrong action. Moreover, the above-mentioned maxim should repel a sort of depravity that is deemed to be the worst and it has to be used as the only way for getting rid of the worst wrongdoing according to the distinction made between the worse and the worst depravity. Thus, the institution and the authority qualified for the implementation of the before-mentioned maxim is the legislator as stipulated in the penal laws like legitimate defense and staying adherent to legality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with sewage sludge of Qods town’s treatment plant, Tehran
سهیل Sobhanardakani مهدی Habibi آزیتا BehbahaniniaThis study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with municipal sewage sludge of Qods town’s treatment plant, Tehran. For this purpose, after soil prep MoreThis study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with municipal sewage sludge of Qods town’s treatment plant, Tehran. For this purpose, after soil preparation, sampling of sewage sludge and assessment of the physicochemical properties of the samples, leek and peppermint plants were divided as treatment and control groups. Afterwards, using ICP-OES the concentrations of Pb and Cd were determined in the tissues of peppermint and leek. Results showed that the concentration (mean ± SD) of Pb in the control and treatment groups was 0.26±0.08 and 0.55±0.16 mg/kg, respectively. Pb concentration in peppermint samples was estimated as 0.26±0.06 and 2.41±0.79 mg/kg for control and treatment group, respectively. Moreover, the mean concentration of Cd in control and treatment groups of leek was 0.083±0.003 and 0.26±0.05 mg/kg and for peppermint 0.057±0.002 and 0.14±0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Comparative evaluation of the evaluated treatments showed that except for Cd in leek and peppermint treatment samples, the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in both vegetables were significantly lower than EPA permissible limits for human consumption. The results of this study indicated that for reducing the health risks of long-term use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, further monitoring should be performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluation of excretory-secretory protoscolices, germinal layer and hydatid fluid antigens for diagnosis of hydatidosis
Mohamad Hosein Razi Jalali Masoud Ghorbanpoor Alireza Alborzi Atefeh AghabeygiEchinococcus granulosus is the cause of zoonotic disease hydatidosis in humans and animals. Considering the importance of ruminants including sheep in preservation and transmission of the parasite to definitive hosts and humans, this study was conducted to preliminary e MoreEchinococcus granulosus is the cause of zoonotic disease hydatidosis in humans and animals. Considering the importance of ruminants including sheep in preservation and transmission of the parasite to definitive hosts and humans, this study was conducted to preliminary evaluate the excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and the germinal layer in order to carry out serologic tests. In this study, the reaction of the antigen of the cyst fluid and the excretory-secretory products of the germinal layer and protoscolices was evaluated in the presence of serum prepared from sheep and mice infected by hydatidosis. Blood required for preparation of the infected and uninfected sera was collected from 100 sheep during slaughtering and the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test was carried out on blood samples. In sheep samples infected with hydatid cyst, 80%, 72% and 92% of the sera showed positive reaction using the antigens of the hydatid fluid, excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and the germinal layer respectively and in 5 samples of mice sera experimentally infected with hydatid cyst positive reaction was seen in 80% of sera using the hydatid cyst fluid, 80% using the antigen of the excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and 100% using the antigen of germinal layer. According to the findings of this study, the antigen of excretory-secretory products of germinal layer has a higher sensitivity in detecting infected samples which should be evaluated further in more detailed studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - اثرات دفعات شیردوشی روی تولید و ترکیبات شیر گاوهای هلشتاین
آی. بوجنانههدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر دفعات شیردوشی (روزانه دوبار در مقابل روزانه سه بار) روی مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین دوره شیردهی 305 روزه و درصد چربی و پروتئین گاوهای شیری هلشتاین در مراکش بود. دادههای آنالیز شده برای 31400 رکورد جمعآوری شده بین سالهای 2009 و 2016 روی 14272 Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر دفعات شیردوشی (روزانه دوبار در مقابل روزانه سه بار) روی مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین دوره شیردهی 305 روزه و درصد چربی و پروتئین گاوهای شیری هلشتاین در مراکش بود. دادههای آنالیز شده برای 31400 رکورد جمعآوری شده بین سالهای 2009 و 2016 روی 14272 گاو پرورش داده شده در 194 گله بودند. دفعات شیردوشی اثرات معنیداری (5.05>P) روی مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین 305 روزه و همچنین درصد چربی داشت. مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین و درصد چربی به ترتیب با مقادیر 265.1، 13.3، 5.8 و 0.3 کیلوگرم، یعنی به ترتیب 3.19، 4.48، 2.40 و 0.75 درصد برای گاوهای سه بار دوشیده شده نسبت به آنهایی که روزانه دوبار دوشیده شده بودند بالاتر بود. اگرچه، دفعات دوشش درصد پروتئین را تحت تأثیر قرار نداد (0.05<P). اثر متقابل بین زایش و دفعات دوشش برای هر صفت مطالعه شده معنیدار نبود (0.05<P). براساس نتایج این مطالعه، میتوان نتیجه گرفته شود که افزایش دفعات دوشش مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین و همچنین درصد چربی را بدون در نظر گرفتن زایش افزایش میدهد. اگرچه، مقدار شیر اضافی به دست آمده ممکن است هزینه کار ناشی از شیردوشی اضافی را جبران نکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - اثر دفعات دوشش بر عملکرد شیردهی و منحنی شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران
هـ. آتشیهدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر دفعات دوشش (دو بار و سه ­بار دوشش) بر منحنی شیردهی و عملکرد شیردهی جزئی و 305 روز در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران بود. داده­های 217345 شیردهی روی 141364 گاو در 324 گله، گردآوری شده در بین سال­های 1379 تا 1391 به وسیله­ مرکز اصلاح نژاد دا Moreهدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر دفعات دوشش (دو بار و سه ­بار دوشش) بر منحنی شیردهی و عملکرد شیردهی جزئی و 305 روز در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران بود. داده­های 217345 شیردهی روی 141364 گاو در 324 گله، گردآوری شده در بین سال­های 1379 تا 1391 به وسیله­ مرکز اصلاح نژاد دام ایران، استفاده شد. میانگین دفعات دوشش (32/0) 88/2 بار بود و از (004/0) 72/2 بار در سال 1391 با (002/0) 97/2 بار در سال 1391 افزایش یافت. منحنی شیردهی در گاوهای سه ­بار دوشش بالاتر و تخت­تر از منحنی شیردهی در گاوهای دو بار دوشش بود. زمان به اوج رسیدن تولید شیر در گاوهای شکم اول دو بار دوشش ((49/0)52/79 روز) کوتاه­تر از گاوهای شکم اول سه بار دوشش ((28/0)66/88 روز) بود. در گاوهای شکم یک تا سه، تدوام شیردهی در گاوهای سه­ بار دوشش بالاتر از گاوهای دو بار دوشش بود. تولید شیر 305 روز در گاوهای سه بار دوشش در مقایسه با گاوهای دو بار دوشش در شکم زایش­های اول تا چهارم به ترتیب 34/12، 02/14، 79/12 و 76/14 درصد افزایش یافت. تولید شیر 305 روز در گاوهای سه ­بار دوشش شکم اول تا چهارم به ترتیب (89/28) 959، (7/32) 1175، (6/38) 1099 و (0/45) 1271 کیلوگرم بیشتر از گاوهای دو بار دوشش بود. ارزش­های متناظر برای تولید چربی (98/0) 35/4، (11/1) 68/16، (28/1) 19/17 و (51/1) 76/18 کیلوگرم بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effect of Different Amounts of Protein and Varying Proportions of Corn Silage and Alfalfa Hay on Milk Production and Nitrogen Excretion of Dairy Holstein Cows
ب. محتشمی ح.ر. میرزایی ح. امانلو -
Open Access Article
40 - تعیین قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور در جوجههای گوشتی
A. Zarei V. Jaberzadeh B. Hemmatiبه منظور تعیین قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور با استفاده از نمونه برداری ایلئومی، آزمایشی بر روی 60 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 انجام شد. به همین منظور نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور از دو کارخانه تولیدی در استان البرز جمعآوری و جهت آنالیز تقری Moreبه منظور تعیین قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور با استفاده از نمونه برداری ایلئومی، آزمایشی بر روی 60 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 انجام شد. به همین منظور نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور از دو کارخانه تولیدی در استان البرز جمعآوری و جهت آنالیز تقریبی شیمیایی به آزمایشگاه ارسال گردیدند. در مرحله بعد قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی نمونهها در جوجههای گوشتی با تکنیک نمونه برداری ایلئومی اندازهگیری شد. برای این منظور پرندگان از جیرههای تجارتی آغازین و رشد تا سن 30 روزگی تغذیه نمودند. درسن 30 روزگی 60 پرنده با وزن بدن تقریبا یکسان(4±38 گرم) به 12 گروه 5 قطعهای اختصاص داده شدند. آزمایش شامل 3 جیره غذایی بود که دو جیره حاوی دو نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور و یک جیره فاقد نیتروژن بودند. بنابراین هر تیمار شامل 4 تکرار 5 قطعهای بود. قابلیت هضم ظاهری جیرهها با استفاده از محتویات ایلئوم و نشانگر دی اکسید کروم اندازهگیری شد. مقادیر قابلیت هضم حقیقی با در نظر گرفتن دفع آندوژنوس ناشی از جیره بدون نیتروژن محاسبه گردیدند. در سن 42 روزگی با استفاده از گاز دی اکسید کربن پرندهها کشتار و محتوای ایلئومی آنها استخراج شد. قابلیت هضم ظاهری و قابلیت هضم حقیقی پروتئین، کلسیم، فسفر و همچنین انرژی قابل متابولیسم محاسبه گردیدند. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که از نظر ترکیب شیمیایی و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی بین دو نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور تفاوت معنیداری وجود دارد. AME و AMEn در نمونه 2 بیشتر ازنمونه 1 بود (به ترتیب: 75/137±3665 در مقابل 85/2±3241 و 45/134±3495 در مقابل 5/1±3111) اما این اختلاف معنیدار نبود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - اثرات استفاده از ماهیان دفعی رودخانه نیل سفید بر عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار در منطقه گزیرا سودان
ج.ای. سالیح م.اس. النور آ.ای. عبد-الگابر م.آ. دفالاه م.آ.ای. الخیریدر این آزمایش از ماهیان دفعی رودخانه نیل سفید پس از تیمار حرارتی ساده (شامل خشک کردن در آفتاب، برشته کردن، جوشاندن مستقیم و جوشاندن غیرمستقیم) در جیره­های تخمگذار از هفته 19 تا 40 و با هدف جایگزینی کنسانتره وارداتی با سطوح 0، 5/1، 5/3 و 5 درصد در همه تیمارهای حرارتی Moreدر این آزمایش از ماهیان دفعی رودخانه نیل سفید پس از تیمار حرارتی ساده (شامل خشک کردن در آفتاب، برشته کردن، جوشاندن مستقیم و جوشاندن غیرمستقیم) در جیره­های تخمگذار از هفته 19 تا 40 و با هدف جایگزینی کنسانتره وارداتی با سطوح 0، 5/1، 5/3 و 5 درصد در همه تیمارهای حرارتی استفاده شد. پروتئین خام ماهیان تیمار شده برای تیمارهای خشک شده در آفتاب، برشته شده، جوشانده مستقیم، جوشانده غیرمستقیم و کنسانتره عالی به ترتیب برابر با 50، 75، 50/52، 55/50 و 05/50 درصد بوده است. جیره­ها بر مبنای توصیه­های NRC سال 1994 تنظیم گردیدند. مجموعاً 390 پرنده از سویه­های­لاین W-98 در سن 19 هفتگی انتخاب شده و به صورت تصادفی در 5 گروه تیماری (با 6 تکرار و 13 پرنده در هر تکرار) توزیع گردیدند. عملکرد مرغ­های تخمگذار در طی دوره تولیدی (22 تا 40 هفتگی) از نظر صفات مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن، تولید تخم و خصوصیات کیفی تخم بین تیمارهای مختلف، اختلاف معنی­داری نشان می­دادند (05/0>P). تیمارهای خشک شده در آفتاب، برشته شده و کنسانتره عالی دارای بالاترین مصرف خوراک و وزن بدن بوده ولی تیمارهای جوشانده مستقیم و غیرمستقیم پایین­ترین مقدار را در صفات فوق نشان می­دادند. سطوح 5/1 درصد تیمار خشک شده در آفتاب، 5/1 و 5/3 درصد در تیمار برشته شده و کنسانتره عالی دارای بهترین درصد و وزن تولید تخم بوده ولی تیمارهای جوشانده شده مستقیم و غیرمستقیم دارای پایین­ترین عملکرد در صفات فوق بودند. تفاوت معنی­داری بین تیمارها از نظر پوسته تخم، وزن، کلفتی پوسته و آزمون پنل مشاهده نگردید. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه پیشنهاد می­شود که از بقایا و دفعیات محلی ماهیان رودخانه نیل سفید به عنوان جایگزین کنسانتره وارداتی در جیره­های تخمگذار استفاده گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - بررسی رابطه بین درصد سهام شناورآزاد با تعداد خریداران، تعداد دفعات معامله و نسبت گردش سهام در شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
سید نیما ولی نیا -
Open Access Article
43 - Hazardous waste management as an approach for conservation of nature and urban Environment
mohamadali abdoli babak tavakoli mohamad hossein menhajIntroduction One of serious problems facing country’s environment especially in urban areas is the ongoing trend of hazardous waste mismanagement. The mismanagement of hazardous waste makes a lot of risks to the human health and the nature considering com MoreIntroduction One of serious problems facing country’s environment especially in urban areas is the ongoing trend of hazardous waste mismanagement. The mismanagement of hazardous waste makes a lot of risks to the human health and the nature considering combustion, reactive, corrosive and toxic characteristics. In order to reduce these side effects the country needs a more comprehensive hazardous waste disposal program (e.g. legislation and regulation). Research Methodology In this study, to overcome these challenges with regard to social - economic conditions and a better commitment by the manufacturers an appropriate legislation has been provided. The purpose of the revision and development of specific regulations for hazardous waste could be described based on the reduce of the severe damage caused by illegal disposal of pollutants into the urban environment as well as filling the existing gaps in state law to preserve nature and the environment. The study also criticized the existing law and administrative regulations of the Waste Management and following a comparison with some of the laws of developed countries, the topics for special legislation for the legal disposal was determined. Results Consisted of 23 articles and 19 notes, as well as a regulatory counterpart including 87 article and 64 notes have been compared. As a result, following a thorough and careful investigation, a piece of legislation In this revised regulations, a special attention is given based on the decrease of production and considering a recycling and reuse program. In addition to the applicable responsibilities, supervision for the implementation of the commitments is considered. This piece of legislation is annually audited by EPA with its divisions. In this regard, there is an especial emphasis by EPA on the private sector for the Waste Management. Site selection is carried out by EPA based on Land Use Planning and Environmental Impact Assessment. However, the Waste Management programs could be done by the private sector as a long contract. To transport and disposal of waste materials by the private sector, a maximum support by EPA has been considered. To reduce of environmental costs, a recycling and reuse program is emphasized. Meanwhile, the producer is responsible for disposal costs. In this proposed piece of legislation, in order to reduce the disposal costs and waste volume, some encouragements have been determined through ISO 14001. In addition, some solutions for business income and updated database are considered by the proposed piece of legislation. Overall, an organized educational program is proposed for public and private sectors. Conclusion This research revealed that to protect the urban environment, a specialized law should be codified. With regard to economic, social, cultural and political situation, a draft law for Waste Management has been developed. The illegal disposal of hazardous waste material is the most important problem in developing countries (e.g. Iran). To address this failure, the Special Waste Management Act and Regulations were presented. The advantages of this new legislation could be described in terms of the establishment of environment, and the view points of citizens on decision making processes the found could provide money for financing the costs associated with environmental recovery, primary evaluation of different legal disposal sites, and study the different environmental aspects for making decision about urgent reaction or improvement actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effect high protein and feeding frequency on the growth and survival Kutum larvae in Caspian Sea(Rutilus frisii kutum,kamensky 1901)
E. Shahkar H. Khara M. Sudagar A. AzimiThis study had 8 treatments and 3 replications: Treatment A: one time feeding per day with SFK, Treatment B: two times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment C: three times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment D: four times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment E: one time fe MoreThis study had 8 treatments and 3 replications: Treatment A: one time feeding per day with SFK, Treatment B: two times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment C: three times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment D: four times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment E: one time feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK), Treatment F: two times feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK), Treatment G: three times feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK), Treatment H: four times feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK). Each of treatments in this examination were fed regularly at 8,11,14,17 hours. It’s necessary to notice that rate of feeding was based on 15 percent of weight of larval body fishes on a day. Results indicated that there was significant difference between weight and length gain (p<0/05). Fish larvae with one time feeding per day with SFK diet had the higher weight and length and fish larvale that fed with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK) had the most length and weight when they had feeding four times per day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluation of the immunogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii attenuated strain in cats
Pejman Houshmand Ahad Olyaei Darya Davoodi seyedeh zahra bootorabi Elham Ghazanfari Masoumeh Hayati Zahra Khabazan Fatemeh Dabiri Mohammad mehdi Namavari Fatemeh KhosraviBackground & Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite which definitive hosts, Felid and cats, play a critical role in transmission and distribution of the parasite and their immunization is a proper way to control the infection. The aim of the present study is to MoreBackground & Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite which definitive hosts, Felid and cats, play a critical role in transmission and distribution of the parasite and their immunization is a proper way to control the infection. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the immunogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii attenuated isolate produced in Razi Institute branch of Shiraz in cats Materials & Methods: Twelve male DSH (Domestic short hair) kittens aged 3-6 months were randomly divided into three groups; each contains four cats. The First group received tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii attenuated isolate at a dose of 10×106 by injection, the second group received a dose of 25×106 orally and the last group received culture medium as a control. The humoral immune responses and Cellular immunity evaluated by modified agglutination and skin test. One month after immunization, all cats were challenged by Toxoplasma's PRU strain, after which the cats' feces were collected and molecular tests were performed for five days. Results: The results of modified agglutination and skin test showed that administration of oral and injection vaccine had a significant increase in comparison with control. Also, Molecular testing after challenge revealed that immunization of cats by oral and injection way of Toxoplasma gondii attenuated isolate could successfully prohibit oocysts shedding in cats. Conclusion: In order to the significant immune responses and prevention of oocysts shedding, it is suggested that, using this isolation of Toxoplasma gondii as a possible candidate vaccine for cats in future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - رابطه بدبینی مدیریت با کفایت وجه نقدو دفعات پوشش هزینه بهره با توجه به میزان سود انباشته شرکتها
قربانعلی اسماعیل زاده سید علی نبوی چاشمی -
Open Access Article
47 - بررسی بازار سرمایه ایران در مقایسه با کشورهای توسعه یافته و نوظهور
محمد هادی صادق -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effect of Feeding Frequency on Some Blood Serum Factors in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
مجید محمدنژاد شموشکی خدیجه ابراهیمی رشید فرشادیResearchers generally believe that the factors and blood serum of different fish species have different direct and indirect relationship with the many environmental conditions, nutrition, age and etc. This study was done for six weeks in groups A and B with eight treatm MoreResearchers generally believe that the factors and blood serum of different fish species have different direct and indirect relationship with the many environmental conditions, nutrition, age and etc. This study was done for six weeks in groups A and B with eight treatments and three replicates with 600 specimens of Cyprinus carpiowith an average weight of 1.5 g at the Syjaval Bony Fish Reproduction Center (Bandar Turkman, Golestan Province). In group A, 4 treatments, including treatment 1: three times feeding per day, treatment 2: four-time feeding per day, treatment 3: five times feeding per day, treatment 4: Six times feeding per day .The fish in this category based on 5 percent weight repeat the entire body of a baby fish, were feeding in the day. In group B, the four treatments, including treatment 1:2.5 weight percent biomass, Treatment 2:5 percent weight biomass, treatment 3:7.5 percent weight biomass, treatment 4:10 percent weight biomass were four times days were feeding. After dehydration and cleaning tanks, fingerlings fishing proliferation center of the pool hall and amplified and transferred two weeks were consistent with the new conditions after the adjustment period the number of 600 numbers carp fish average weight and length Order 5/1 g and 97/2 cm in size fiberglass tanks 24m2 1/0 (25 number fish per tank) in completely randomized design and distribution for 6 weeks were reared in identical conditions. Children in both groups of fish breeding period were fed with food SFK. The results showed that the mean and SD of glucose, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood magnesium in Cyprinus carpioat group A, are respectively 75.17 andplusmn; 11.11, 9.09 andplusmn; 0.59, 101.33 andplusmn; 20.77, 269.92 andplusmn; 42.41 and 2.84 andplusmn; 0.41 mg/dl and group B respectively 81.33 andplusmn; 11.12, 8.73 andplusmn; 0.72, 90.58 andplusmn; 27.01, 221.33 andplusmn; 41.25 and 3.23 andplusmn; 0.55 mg/dl. Also factors in the results of blood serum Cyprinus carpioshowed that the feeding frequency has no effect on the level of glucose, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood serum magnesium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Identification of Behavioral Disorders in Cats Referred to Veterinary Clinics in Shiraz
Nastaran Varmazyar Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian Seyyed Morteza Razaghi ManeshCats are one of the most popular pets due to their adaptability. However, the behavioral problems associated with this species have also increased, and in some cases, these behavioral disorders lead to the abandonment and death of animals. The present study aimed to ide MoreCats are one of the most popular pets due to their adaptability. However, the behavioral problems associated with this species have also increased, and in some cases, these behavioral disorders lead to the abandonment and death of animals. The present study aimed to identify behavioral disorders in cats referred to veterinary clinics in Shiraz City. The current descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 cats with owners living in Shiraz during the year 2021. Information about cats, their keeping conditions, and behavioral disorders was recorded. In this study, the most frequent behavioral disorders of cats included urine inappropriate elimination (44.3%), aggression (36.4%), stool inappropriate elimination (21.4%), hyperactivity (10.7%), destructive grabbing (9.3%), respectively. Older cats had the highest amount of inappropriate elimination of urine and feces (P=0.04). Improper excretion of urine and feces, aggression, and destructive grabbing in male and unsterilized cats were significantly more than in other cats (p < 0.05). Moreover, destructive grabbing and anxiety caused by loneliness were significantly higher in cats living at home with other cats than in those alone (p < 0.05). There was no difference in behavioral disorders among short hair and Persian cats (p < 0.05). The behavioral disorders in Iranian domestic cats are affected by factors such as age, sterilization, gender, and the presence of several cats in the house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Evaluation the immunity of Neospora caninum attenuated strain in preventing oocyst shedding in dogs
Ahad Olyaei Mehdi Namavari Seyedeh Zahra Bootorabi Elham Ghazanfari Mohammad Arjmand Zahra Khabazan Fatemeh DabiriThe protozoan Neospora caninum is known worldwide as one of the most important causes of abortion storms in cattles, especially when dogs living in the cattle farms. Currently, the most consideration is on live attenuated vaccines. The main goal of this research is to e MoreThe protozoan Neospora caninum is known worldwide as one of the most important causes of abortion storms in cattles, especially when dogs living in the cattle farms. Currently, the most consideration is on live attenuated vaccines. The main goal of this research is to evaluated live-attenuated Neuspora caninum (NC-a) strain as an effective vaccine to prevent oocyst shedding in dogs. Sixteen dogs were randomly divided into four equal groups including live attenuated strain without adjuvant, acute strains, live attenuated strain with Montanide adjuvant and control group. All the groups were immunized twice, two weeks apart. One month after the second injection, all dogs were challenged orally by acute NC-1 strain. Immune responses were assay by agglutination test and molecular test was used to assess oocyte shedding. The results showed that the immunized group with live attenuated strain with adjuvant produces the highest immune response. Molecular test also showed that the immune response in immunized dogs prevented oocyst shedding after challenge and the best result is in the group of dogs immunized by live attenuated strain with adjuvant. Overall, the results of this study showed that research on the live attenuated Neospora caninum vaccine with oily adjuvants in dogs is secure and effective in creating an immune response and controlling oocyte shedding. In conclusion, this experimental vaccine can be used as a promosing vaccine in towards researches to obtain a succesful vaccine to control neosprosis in dogs. Manuscript profile
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