Evaluation of excretory-secretory protoscolices, germinal layer and hydatid fluid antigens for diagnosis of hydatidosis

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

Mohamad Hosein Razi Jalali ¹ , Masoud Ghorbanpoor ² , Alireza Alborzi ³ , Atefeh Aghabeygi ⁴

1 - Parasitology division, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Mdicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - Department of Pathbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 - Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Received: 2017-07-01 Accepted : 2017-09-03 Published : 2018-01-21

Keywords: hydatid cyst, Serology, Hydatid fluid antigen, Exceretory-secretory antigen,

Abstract :

Echinococcus granulosus is the cause of zoonotic disease hydatidosis in humans and animals. Considering the importance of ruminants including sheep in preservation and transmission of the parasite to definitive hosts and humans, this study was conducted to preliminary evaluate the excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and the germinal layer in order to carry out serologic tests. In this study, the reaction of the antigen of the cyst fluid and the excretory-secretory products of the germinal layer and protoscolices was evaluated in the presence of serum prepared from sheep and mice infected by hydatidosis. Blood required for preparation of the infected and uninfected sera was collected from 100 sheep during slaughtering and the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test was carried out on blood samples. In sheep samples infected with hydatid cyst, 80%, 72% and 92% of the sera showed positive reaction using the antigens of the hydatid fluid, excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and the germinal layer respectively and in 5 samples of mice sera experimentally infected with hydatid cyst positive reaction was seen in 80% of sera using the hydatid cyst fluid, 80% using the antigen of the excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and 100% using the antigen of germinal layer. According to the findings of this study, the antigen of excretory-secretory products of germinal layer has a higher sensitivity in detecting infected samples which should be evaluated further in more detailed studies.

References:

• Anderson, F.L. (1997). Introduction to cystic echinococcosis and description of cooperative research project in Morocco. Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and in Middle Eastern countries with special references to Morocco. USA: Brigham Young University, Provo, pp: 1-17


• Barbieri, A.M., Sevri, M.A., Pirez, M.I., Battistoni, J. and Nieto, A. (1994). Use of specific antibody and circulating antigen serum levels in the hydatid immune-diagnosis of asymptomatic population. International Journal for Parasitology, 24(7): 937-942.


• Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.


• Budk, C.M., Deplazes, P., Paul, R. and Torgerson, P.L. (2006). Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinoccosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12: 296-303.


• Craig, P.S. and Nelson, G.S. (1984). The detection of circulating antigen in human hydatid disease. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 38(3): 219-227.


• Fakour, Sh. and Meshki, B. (2009). Identification of the specific antigen of hydatid cyst using western blotting method for diagnostic purposes. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2(14): 14-20. [In Persian] 


• Haniloo, A., Najafi, F., Fazaeli, A. and Nourian, A.A. (2011). Comparison and evaluation of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces excretory/secretory proteins in PBS complemented with glucose, DMEM and RPMI culture media.  Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 19(74): 44-53. [In Persian]


• Ibrahem, M.M., Rafiei, A., Dar, F.K., Azwai, S.M., Carter, S.D. and Craig, P.S. (2002). Serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in naturally infected camels. Parasitology, 3(125): 245-251.


• Moazeni, M. and Gorjipour, S. (2012). In vitro maintenance of protoscolices of lung hydatid cyst of sheep at 37 ^oC.  Iranian Journal of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 6(1): 35-42. [In Persian]


• Yakhchali, M. and Morshedi, A. (2011). Comparison of the validity of different diagnostic methods in    determining hydatidosis in large ruminants.  87(2): 64-71. [In Persian]


• Zarzosa, M.P., Domingo, A.O., Gutierrez, P., Alonso, M., Cuervo, M., Drado, A., et al. (1999). Evaluation of six serological tests in diagnosis and postoperative control of pulmonary hydatid disease patients. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 35: 255-262. 

·                Ortona, E., Rigano, R., Margutti, P. and Siracusano, A.) 2008(. Native and recombinant antigens in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis, Parasite Immunology, 22: 553-559. 

·                Parija, S.C. (1997). A review of some simple irnmunoassays in the serodiagnosis of cystic hydatid disease. Acta Tropica, 70: 17-24.

·                Poretti, D., Delleisen, E., Grimm, F., Pfister, M. and Gottstein, B. (2009). Differential immunodiagnosis between cystic hydatid disease and other cross-reactive pathologies. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 60: 193-198.

·                Rafiei, A. and Craig, S. (2006). The immunodiagnostic potential of protoscoleces antigens in human cystic echinococcosis and the possible influence of parasite strain. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 96(4): 383-389. 

·                Razi Jalali, M.H., Ghorbanpoor, M. and Hoghooghi Rad, N. (2007) Evaluation of gel diffusion test for diagnosis of unilocullar hydatid cyst in experimentally infected sheep. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 3(9): 91-99 [In Persian]                                                 

·                Swarna, S.R. and Parija, S.C.) 2008). DOT-ELISA for evaluation of hydatid cyst wall, protoscoleces and hydatid cyst fluid antigens in the serodiagnosis of cystic. echinicoccosis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 50: 233-236.      

·                Vevategui, M., Moro, P., Guevara, A. and Gilman, R.H. (1992).Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot test for diagnosis of hydatid disease. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30(6): 1557-1561.