List of Articles تنش اکسیداتیو

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  1 - The effect of Anthracene on oxidative stress factors in Medicago sativa L.
  Maryam Khoshsokhan mozaffar leyla Jafari Elahe Vatankhah
  Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the tensions that inhibit plant growth and create imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant defense activities of the plant. Anthracene is the main pollutants in the petrochemical indus More

  Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the tensions that inhibit plant growth and create imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant defense activities of the plant. Anthracene is the main pollutants in the petrochemical industry, which is located on the list of toxic pollutants, US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In this study is to evaluate the effect of anthracene on some parameters of oxidative stress in Medicago sativa after 12 days of treatment with anthracene (2, 4 mmol per liter) in hydroponics, shoot and root tissues of the plants were harvested and used to measure biochemical parameters. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), glutathione transferase(GST), peroxidase(PO), malondialdehyde and enzyme ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in shoot and root, as well as the activity of chlorophyll b and a the shoot was determined. The results showed that The high activities of SOD, APX, SPO, PPO and GST on the shoot of 4 mM anthracene is significant. Anthracene treatment, decreased MDA levels in shoot significantly. It is also associated with increased concentrations of chlorophyll a and b. Also increases the activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase is the result of the production of phenolic compounds in the plant. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized through chemical reduction on plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in rat model
  elham ghavidelaghdam mohamad narimanirad alireza lotfi
  Abstract    With possibility of synthesis of silver nanoparticles in citrate-coated form and via chemical method, the aim of this study was synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on super More

  Abstract    With possibility of synthesis of silver nanoparticles in citrate-coated form and via chemical method, the aim of this study was synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in an animal model. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction with a mixture of distilled water and sodium borohydrate and adding silver nitrate and sodium citrate to the obtained solution. In vivo study was conducted using 40 adult male rats with an average weight of 100 grams. Animals were divided into four groups, as control, placebo, and treatment groups receiving silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). The treatment groups received silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg) on the first and the seventh days of experiment intraperitoneally. Oxidative effects of injected high concentrations of silver nanoparticles (200 mg/kg) lead to mortality in the experimental animals. Infusion of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight decreased the activity of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This reduction was significantly higher (p<0.01) at the dose of 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, studies on animal models showed that the concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction method decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, eventually leading to mortality. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Effect of salicylic acid on some growth and biochemical characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition
  Ahmad Abdolzade Zahra Soleiman nejad Hamid reza Sadeghe pour
  Salinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cult More

  Salinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cultureof Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress. The study was carried out at a completely random design with eight replications in the Department of Horticulture of University of Tabriz. Variables under study included salinity stress at two levels (0 and 70 mM/L sodium chloride) and salicylic acid at four levels (0, 1, 10, and 100 mM/L). Results showed that salicylic acid significantly mitigated the effects of salinity. Therefore, the highest plantlet length was recorded under salinity along with 10 mM salicylic acid treatment showing the positive effect of the treatment on mitigating the influences of salinity. However, the concentrations of salicylic acid higher than 10mM/L not only had no effect on plants, but also negatively influenced the effects of salinity stress. Also, antioxidant enzyme activity of the plantlets had a considerable increase at all concentrations of salicylic acid and levels of salinity. Moreover, the study suggested that Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria was relatively sensitive to salinity stress and all characteristics of the plants under study were influenced with salinity. Also, application of salicylic acid caused improvement in the growth and biochemical properties of the plants under study increasing their tolerance against salinity stress.   Manuscript profile
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  4 - Comparison of the effect of silicon and nano-silicon on some biochemical and photosynthetic traits of Zea mays L. under salinity stress
  Mahbobeh Zarooshan Ahmad Abdilzade Hamid Reza Sadeghipour Pooyan Mehrabanjoubani
  Salinity stress is one of the factors that threatens the growth and yield of corn. The effects of silicon or nanosilicon on salinity alleviation have been reported in some plants. The effects of foliar application of silicon (inorganic and nanopatricle) on mitigation of More

  Salinity stress is one of the factors that threatens the growth and yield of corn. The effects of silicon or nanosilicon on salinity alleviation have been reported in some plants. The effects of foliar application of silicon (inorganic and nanopatricle) on mitigation of the effects of salinity stress on some photosynthetic and biochemical parameters were studied in corn. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in a pot culture. The first factor was salinity at two levels including 0 and 100 mM NaCl and the second factor was silicon at three levels including control (without silicon) and 2 mM potassium silicate and 2 mM nanosilicon (SiO2). Under salinity stress, the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, the chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, and the amount of soluble protein decreased significantly compared to the control. In contrast, the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased in these plants. Also, the photosyntheic rate and water use efficiency of plants decreased under salinity. The application of silicon and nanosilicon improved the growth of plants under salinity and increased the photosynthetic rate and the amount of photosynthetic pigments. In addition, severe reduction in transpiration under silicon application compared to nanosilicon resulted in the increased water use efficiency in this treatment. Silicon application also increased the activity of soluble peroxidase enzyme in plants under salinity, a result which was not observed with nanosilicon application. This resulted in a further decrease in hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation of plants under salinity treated with silicon compared to nanosilicon, which showed a further decrease in oxidative stress in this treatment. These findings indicated that stress reduction and growth improvement of the plants under salinity with silicon application were more than the treatment with nanosilicon. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Changes in germination indices and the activity of antioxidant system of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during deterioration
  Farshid Ghaderifar omid sancholi Hamidreza sadeghipour
  10.30495/iper.2021.679513
  Seeds deteriorate and become aged during storage so that the rate of this process depends on the temperature and seed moisture content. This experiment was conducted to study changes in the activity of antioxidant system of cottonseeds during deterioration. An Accelerat More

  Seeds deteriorate and become aged during storage so that the rate of this process depends on the temperature and seed moisture content. This experiment was conducted to study changes in the activity of antioxidant system of cottonseeds during deterioration. An Accelerated aging test was used to create different levels of deterioration. Cottonseeds were incubated at 43 ℃ for 0, 48, 96, 144, and 192 hours and 100% relative humidity. Results showed that the membrane electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide increased with lengthening of deterioration periods. Increase in hydrogen peroxide was accompanied with decreased activity of catalase and the increased activity and content of peroxidase and ascorbic acid, respectively, which indicates declined activity of catalase due to aging as compared with peroxidase activity and ascorbic acid content. Also, with an increase in the period of deterioration, percent, rate, and uniformity of germination reduced. In general, the study indicated that the oxidative stress due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of the antioxidant system is one of the main reasons for cottonseed viability loss during storage. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Effects of different concentrations of lead on some biochemical and physiological parameters of rice
  Javad Salavati Hormoz Fallah yousof niknejad Davood Barari Tari
  10.30495/iper.2022.1945015.1748
  Lead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of Pb (150 and 300 μM) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of rice und More

  Lead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of Pb (150 and 300 μM) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of rice under hydroponic conditions were investigated. The results showed that Pb treatments with negative effects on chlorophyll metabolism reduced photosynthetic pigments and, consequently, diminished the growth and biomass of rice plants. Pb stress induced oxidative stress and damage to bio-membranes by increasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase cycle was upregulated in rice leaves under Pb toxicity. Pb treatments altered the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA)) in the leaves of rice plants by reducing the ratios of reduced ASA to oxidized ASA and reduced GSH to oxidized GSH compared to control plants. Therefore, concentrations of 150 and 300 μM Pb in the soil can induce negative effects on important physiological and metabolic processes of rice, which reduce plant growth and biomass. Manuscript profile
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  7 - The effects of gibberellic acid on certain physiological parameters in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under cadmium stress.
  Farzaneh Najafi Zeinab Taghizadeh
  10.30495/iper.2022.690252
  Alfalfa is one of the most important forage corps in the world. The Medicago plant is a major genus from the fabaceae.High concentration of heavy metals in soil is one of the most important problems in the environment . Cadmium is a heavy metal that can cause oxidative More

  Alfalfa is one of the most important forage corps in the world. The Medicago plant is a major genus from the fabaceae.High concentration of heavy metals in soil is one of the most important problems in the environment . Cadmium is a heavy metal that can cause oxidative stress in plant cells. In this research effects of different concentrations of cadmium (0 , 25 and 50 µM) and gibberellic acid (0 , 5 and 10 µM) were investigated on certain physiological parameters in Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa seeds were sterilized and cultured in pots containing sand which were irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution. plants were treated with cadmium chloride and gibberellin 22 - old day.after twenty two days Plants were harvested to assay some physiological parameters. All treatments were conducted with four replications. Experiment results showed that increasing cadmium chloride concentration in Hoagland nutrient solution, decreased growth parameters and pigment contents and GPX activity.But , but proline contents, SOD and CAT activties in roots and leaves of plants increased. by additionof gibberellin concentrations. . It is concluded that gibberellic acid could alleviate the adverse effects of stress cadmium chloride in Medicago sativa L. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The effect of external application of salicylic acid on some growth and biochemical indicators of rice (Oryza sativa) plants under salt stress
  Bahram Razavinia
  10.30495/jper.2023.1980568.1848
  Abiotic constraints, such as salinity stress, reduce cereal production. Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) can prevent the harm caused to rice by salinity, but the mechanisms by which it increases the tolerance of rice under salinity stress conditions are uncl More

  Abiotic constraints, such as salinity stress, reduce cereal production. Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) can prevent the harm caused to rice by salinity, but the mechanisms by which it increases the tolerance of rice under salinity stress conditions are unclear. In this research, the effect of external application of SA on the growth and biochemical traits of rice plants under salinity stress was investigated as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design in hydroponic conditions. The results showed that salinity stress decreased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), K/Na ratio, and glutathione-ascorbic acid redox state, and, as a result, rice plant growth. However, the application of SA improved the growth and height of rice plants by reducing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. By maintaining K/Na homeostasis and glutathione-ascorbic acid redox states, SA improved plant tolerance and increased photosynthetic pigments in rice plants. SA also increased the accumulation of osmolytes, including free proline and soluble sugars, which can play an important role in modulating the osmotic potential of plant cells under salt stress. The obtained results show that the positive effects of the external application of SA on the accumulation of osmolytes, the K/Na ratio, and the antioxidant defense system lead to increased tolerance to salinity and improved growth of rice plants under salinity stress. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Effect of salicylic acid in alleviating Ni-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at germination stage
  A.R Jafari, R.A Khavarinejad حمید Fahimi
  The effects of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating Ni-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at germination stage were studied and the changes in radicle and plumule growth (fresh and dry weight and their lengths) were investigated. Exposure to 800&micr More

  The effects of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating Ni-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at germination stage were studied and the changes in radicle and plumule growth (fresh and dry weight and their lengths) were investigated. Exposure to 800µM Ni significantly decreased radicle and plumule growth, and activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes but increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, treatment with 100µM SA enhanced the activities of these enzymes in plumule tissues but lowered the concentration of MDA in the Ni-stressed wheat compared with the Ni treatment alone. Treatment with SA alleviated the Ni-induced inhibition of radicle and plumule growth.The results showed that treatment with SA enhanced the antioxidant defense activities in Ni-stressed wheat, thus alleviating Ni-induced oxidative damage and enhancing Ni tolerance. Manuscript profile
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  10 - اثرات تغذیه زردچوبه، دارچین، زنجبیل و پودر سیر بر وضعیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و هورمون‌های مؤثر بر متابولیسم انرژی در جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی
  ع.ا. صادقی م. مقدم
  آزمایش حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات زردچوبه، دارچین، زنجبیل و پودر سیر بر عملکرد، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و هورمون‌های تیروئیدی سرم خون در جوجه‌های گوشتی سویه کاب-500 جنس مخلوط انجام گردید. تنش حرارتی در 42-31 روزگی از ساعت 12 صبح الی 16 بعدازظهر به وسیله افزایش طبیعی دمای هوا More

  آزمایش حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات زردچوبه، دارچین، زنجبیل و پودر سیر بر عملکرد، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و هورمون‌های تیروئیدی سرم خون در جوجه‌های گوشتی سویه کاب-500 جنس مخلوط انجام گردید. تنش حرارتی در 42-31 روزگی از ساعت 12 صبح الی 16 بعدازظهر به وسیله افزایش طبیعی دمای هوای محیطی ایجاد گردید. نمونه‌های سرم خون از 6 جوجه 42 روزه برای هر تیمار تهیه گردیدند و برای سنجش فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آنزیم‌های کبدی و هورمون‌های تیروئیدی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. همه جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره‌های حاوی گیاهان دارویی افزایش وزن روزانه و وزن طحال بیشتری نسبت به تیمار شاهد داشتند. مکمل‌های گیاهان دارویی سبب افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپراکسیداز دیسموتاز (SOD) در دارچین، گلوتایتون پراکسیداز (GPX) در زنجبیل، کاتالاز (CAT) در دارچین و پودر سیر، ظرفیت تام آنتی‌اکسیدانی (TAC) در دارچین، آلکالین فسفاتاز (ALP) در پودر سیر و کورتیکواستروئید (CE) در دارچین شدند. همچنین مکمل دارچین سبب کاهش غلظت مالون دی آلدئید (MDA) گردید (05/0>P). غلظت هورمون‌های تیروئیدی (THs) در جوجه‌های گوشتی 42 روزه تغذیه شده با مکمل‌های گیاهان دارویی نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت (05/0>P). مکمل‌های زردچوبه و زنجبیل سبب کاهش معنی‌دار ضریب تبدیل غذایی، بهبود عملکرد، و مصرف دارچین سبب افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گردیدند. همچنین، مصرف زردچوبه و زنجبیل، هورمون‌های تیروئیدی در جوجه‌های گوشتی را افزایش دادند. Manuscript profile
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  11 - ویتامین D خون، شیر و گوشت در شترهای تک کوهانه
  م. ال خسمی ب. فایِ
  در نشخوارکنندگان، سطوح ویتامین D در گردش ممکن است توسط دوره نوری، تغذیه، مرحله فیزیولوژیکی، دمای محیط، رفتار و فصل تحت تأثیر قرار گیرد، در حالیکه، در گوشت، محتوی ویتامین D ممکن است توسط وضعیت ویتامین D حیوان، مسن شدن و نوع طبخ متأثر شود. اطلاعات روی ارزش تغذیه‌ای شیر شت More

  در نشخوارکنندگان، سطوح ویتامین D در گردش ممکن است توسط دوره نوری، تغذیه، مرحله فیزیولوژیکی، دمای محیط، رفتار و فصل تحت تأثیر قرار گیرد، در حالیکه، در گوشت، محتوی ویتامین D ممکن است توسط وضعیت ویتامین D حیوان، مسن شدن و نوع طبخ متأثر شود. اطلاعات روی ارزش تغذیه‌ای شیر شتر و گوشت تا حد زیادی در دسترس است، اما، گزارشات بسیار کمی روی ارزیابی سطوح ویتامین D و تغییرات آنها در خون و فرآورده‌های آنها در شتر تک‌ کوهانه وجود دارند. در این زمینه، این بررسی مجموعه‌ای از دانش اخیر درباره ویتامین D در این گونه‌ها ارائه می‌دهد و یافته‌ها را با توجه به موارد به دست آمده در سایر حیوانات پستاندار مورد بحث قرار می‌دهد. Manuscript profile
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  12 - اثر نانواکسید روی، اسید سالیسیلیک و سدیم نیتروپروساید روی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و آنزیمی بنفشه معطر تحت رژیم‌های آبی مختلف
  حمیده باقری داود هاشم‌آبادی بهمن پاسبان اسلام شهرام صداقت حور
   اثرات نانواکسید روی (ZnO)، اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) و سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) روی بنفشه معطر در شرایط مختلف آبیاری به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. عوامل عبارت بودند از تنش خشکی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری در 55 (تنش شدید)، 65 (تنش ملایم) و 85 (شاهد) درصد ظ More

   اثرات نانواکسید روی (ZnO)، اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) و سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) روی بنفشه معطر در شرایط مختلف آبیاری به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. عوامل عبارت بودند از تنش خشکی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری در 55 (تنش شدید)، 65 (تنش ملایم) و 85 (شاهد) درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (FC) بر اساس تخلیه آب خاک و استفاده برگی ZnO، SA، SNP  و آب مقطر (به عنوان شاهد) در 7 سطح. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بهترین نتایج از اثر متقابل 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر SA و آبیاری در سطح 85 درصد FC به­دست آمد و این تیمار روی اکثر صفات اثر مثبت داشت. همچنین تیمار 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و هر دو سطح SNP نسبت به شاهد و نانواکسید روی بهتر بودند. کمترین هدایت روزنه‌ای در SNP 200 میکرومولار در 55 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه به­دست آمد. کمترین مالون­دی آلدئید (MDA) در تیمار 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر SA و 85 درصد FC حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار رطوبت نسبی (RWC) در تیمار 1500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید روی و 85 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه دیده شد. گیاهان شاهد در 55 درصد FC بیشترین پرولین (62/46 میکروگرم در گرم وزن تر) را داشتند. بالاترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز (POD) مربوط به تیمار 1000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانو اکسید روی و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز (APX) در تیمار 1500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانواکسید روی در 55 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه به­دست آمد. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Bioreduction of environmental Al by Lisianthus plant
  Faeze Ghanati Zeynab Hashemi
  Aluminum is a trivalent metal which due to its abundance in the earth's crust is one of the major environmental problems.Cation Al3+ in acidic soils is a key factor in the decline of agricultural production. Abundance of Al in water, air and soil around us results in it More

  Aluminum is a trivalent metal which due to its abundance in the earth's crust is one of the major environmental problems.Cation Al3+ in acidic soils is a key factor in the decline of agricultural production. Abundance of Al in water, air and soil around us results in its uptake and accumulation in the body. Aluminum consumption in the form of antacids and drugs with aluminum hydroxide, Al presence in drinking water and food consumption for baking powder or cheeses is very common. On the other hand may also cause diseases such as Alzheimer's, osteoporosis, calcium deficiency, acute neurological disease, anemia, headache, decreased kidney function and bladder, slurred speech and loss of memory.  Identifying plants bearing the ability to absorb high amounts of Al and continuous growth without toxicity can be considered as an effective step in refining the soil and water from this element. The aim of this study is the investigation on the Al uptake capacity of Lisianthus aluminum in a hydroponic system. For this purpose, Lisianthus seedlings in hydroponic culture were treated with 400, 600, 800 and 1200 µM of Al for 10 days. The results showed no significant increase in superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide as an indicator of stress in the roots. As well as the punctual increase iron regenerative power (FRAP) in the group treated with aluminum compared to the control group suggesting a high antioxidant power Lisianthus against aluminum. . The results suggest that Lisianthus can be used to reduce the concentration of Al in the environment.   Manuscript profile
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  14 - Comparison of the effect of phenanthrene and pyrene on germination, seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes activity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  Ayyoub Sobhani Seyed Yahya Salehi Lisar Ali Movafeghi
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenanthrene and pyrene as two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on germination, growth and some biochemical indices in bread wheat seedlings. Wheat seedlings were cultivated hydroponically and treated by 50, 100, 150 a More

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenanthrene and pyrene as two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on germination, growth and some biochemical indices in bread wheat seedlings. Wheat seedlings were cultivated hydroponically and treated by 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM of phenanthrene and pyrene for 7 days. Activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as H2O2, MDA and photosynthetic pigments content, were measured. The results showed that both pollutants reduced germination percentage, so that the lowest germination percentage was phenanthrene (54.44%) at 200 μm. Phenanthrene more than pyrene reduced the content of photosynthetic pigmentation, the lowest percentage of chlorophyll a (51.54%), chlorophyll b (48.25%) and carotenoids (63.42%) were related to phenanthrene treatment (200 μM). Both pollutants significantly increased the content of hydrogen peroxide (7 times) and malondialdehyde (1.5 times). Increasing the concentration of both pollutants resulted in a significant decrease (up to 70%) in the activity of the three APX, POD and SOD enzymes, but only phenanthrene significantly reduced (49.12%) activity of the catalase. These results indicated that induction of oxidative stress is one of the main reasons for lower plant growth rate and other harmful outcomes in PAHs contaminated environments. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Antioxidant enzyme activities and fermentation metabolism in the root of three wheat promising lines under waterlogging stress
  Freshteh alizade vaskasi hemmatollah Pirdashti Ali Cherati_Araei Sara Saadatmand
  Waterlogging stress has negative effects on the growth and yield of wheat plants, which recognizes the defense mechanism of the plant against waterlogging, can be valuable. In order to study the response of three wheat genotypes to different levels of waterlogging stres More

  Waterlogging stress has negative effects on the growth and yield of wheat plants, which recognizes the defense mechanism of the plant against waterlogging, can be valuable. In order to study the response of three wheat genotypes to different levels of waterlogging stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with five replications in Gharakhil (Ghaemshahr) Agricultural Station. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of waterlogging (0, 7, 14 and 21 day) at tillering (ZG21) and stem elongation (ZG31) stages on the growth, total chlorophyll, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes of fermentation pathway in root of three wheat promising lines (N-93-19, N-93-9 and N-92-9). The results showed that waterlogging stress in both growth stages reduced the total chlorophyll and growth of all three genotypes, however, the highest contents of total chlorophyll and shoot and root dry weight were observed in N-92-9 genotype. Increased waterlogging stress increased the contents of proline, MDA, H2O2, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased peroxidase activity of root of genotypes in both growth stages compared to control treatments. The results of this experiment that N-92-9 genotype had better response than other two genotypes in all studied traits under waterlogging conditions and was introduced as a flood tolerant genotype. Manuscript profile
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  16 - The effect of salicylic and jasmonic acid on antioxidant enzymes activity, soluble carbohydrate and proline in Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) under salt stress conditions
  S.N Seyedalikhani A.R Pazoki
  In order to investigate The effect of salicylic and jasmonic acid on antioxidant enzymesactivity, soluble carbohydrate and proline in artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) under salt stress conditions, a research was conducted in 2014 at Islamic Azad University, Yadgar-e-Imam More

  In order to investigate The effect of salicylic and jasmonic acid on antioxidant enzymesactivity, soluble carbohydrate and proline in artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) under salt stress conditions, a research was conducted in 2014 at Islamic Azad University, Yadgar-e-Imam (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch. The experiment was done as factorial based on completely random design with four replications, the first factor salinity stress in four levels 0, 25, 60, and 95 mM, the second factor in two levels no consumption and consumption of 0.7 mM salicylic acid and the third factor no consumption and consumption of 100 µm jasmonic acid were considered. The results showed that all three main effects of salinity stress, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid consumption on antioxidant enzymes activity, soluble carbohydrate and proline content were significant at the 1% probability level, so in salinity stress conditions, the enzyme activity showed a significant increase and the highest level of activity was gained in 95 mM sodium chloride and the lowest one was related to the non applying of salt stress. Also, under the conditions of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid foliar application, the activity level of antioxidant enzymes and soluble carbohydrate and proline content increased and as the result the resistance of artichoke resistance to salt stress improved. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Effects of different concentrations of lead on some biochemical and physiological parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
  Javad Salvati Hormoz Fallah yousof niknejad Davood Barari Tari
  Lead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of Pb (150 and 300 μM) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of rice under More

  Lead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of Pb (150 and 300 μM) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of rice under hydroponic conditions were investigated. The results showed that Pb treatments with negative effects on chlorophyll metabolism reduced photosynthetic pigments and, consequently, diminished the growth and biomass of rice plants. Pb stress induced oxidative stress and damage to bio-membranes by increasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase cycle was upregulated in rice leaves under Pb toxicity. Pb treatments altered the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA)) in the leaves of rice plants by reducing the ratios of reduced ASA to oxidized ASA and reduced GSH to oxidized GSH compared to control plants. Therefore, concentrations of 150 and 300 μM Pb in the soil can induce negative effects on important physiological and metabolic processes of rice, which reduce plant growth and biomass. Manuscript profile