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Open Access Article
1 - Review of operational and body changes procedure of the old texture of Tehran city: An Emphasis on Are 4 ،Region 11
اصغر Nazarian ابوالفضل Meshkini نرگس AhmadiFardRegion 11 of Theran city, as one of the twenty two regions of Tehran city, with thearea about 1200 ha and the population about 245000 person, is one of the importantcentral regions of tehran the great city. The current area of this region has been locatedon proximity of MoreRegion 11 of Theran city, as one of the twenty two regions of Tehran city, with thearea about 1200 ha and the population about 245000 person, is one of the importantcentral regions of tehran the great city. The current area of this region has been locatedon proximity of the historical core of tehran and some of its parts (the east ern parts) isa section of this core. As this regard, the region has many elements, residentalstructures and general spaces in regard of historical antiquity, with special agriculturaland historical values which it is important opter the region 12. The present study hasbeen focused on one of the four- areas (area 4) from the region 11 ،and it has beenreviewed the operational and body changes procedure of the region and the mentionedarea partiaulrely.The special characteristics of this area are the various usages and activities, thatinclude much important politics governmental centers, particular markets with overregionaand over-city operations ،the big industrial units, special usoges and specialhospitals. As well, it has been reviewed the role and eftects of the public investmentsand politics onto the operationa and body changes of the area. The reviews and studieshave been indicated that it has been provided the community changes theme as a resultof the emigration from the 1340’s, and it has been obliterated the body textures by theland cost reduction; but in recent decades, the region 11 has found the new roles aalong with the national planning, with the country inbestments in the great tehran ،andthe basic operational and body changes have been created in the are 4, along with thenational and regional activities. The research, as well as review of above changes, haveprovided som methods in the light of reduction of the regional and areal problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of Land Use Trends on the Amount of Agricultural Water Consumption in Urmia Lake Watershed in the Next 20 Years Using Markov Chain
Kiyoumars Roushangar Mohammad Taghi Aalami Hassan GolmohammadiBackground and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors MoreBackground and Aim: Reducing the water level of Urmia Lake and its effects on the environment around the lake has been one of the important national and international issues and challenges in the last two decades. In accord with the studies, one of the critical factors affecting this declining trend has been the rise in harvest, especially for agriculture. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to simulate the future status of water resources in the Urmia Lake basin, influenced by the area of agricultural land uses.Method: For this purpose, Landsat satellite image data for the period 2000 to 2020 are firstly classified using the SVM algorithm in ENVI5.3 software and the classification accuracy is analyzed using the Kappa Coefficient algorithm.In the following, the statistics and information related to the change of cultivation pattern (from arable to garden) and water sources discharging Lake Urmia are calculated. In the next step, the simulation of land use changes for 2030 and 2040 is done using two LCM and CA-MARKOV methods. And finally, after determining the amount of changes in each land use, the amount of water required for agricultural affairs in the catchment is simulated using NETWAT model.Conclusion: The results show that the area of two uses, irrigated agriculture and garden will increase from 1450 and 395 square kilometers in 2000 to more than 3600 and 1650 square kilometers in 2040, respectively, This will increase the amount of water Needed or agriculture from 1,500 million cubic meters in 2000 to more than 4,100 million cubic meters in 2040.Results: From 2000 to 2020, water consumption in irrigated agriculture has increased by 1253.05 Km2; which according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 2049.54 Km2 in 2040 that raises the amount of water consumption by 1 billion and 473 million cubic meters. The gardens land use has increased by 688.02 Km2 from 2000 to 2020, and according to Markov's prediction method, this amount will reach 1276.14 Km2 in 2040, which raises the amount of water consumption by 703 million cubic meters. From 2000 to 2020, 367.06 Km2 has been added to the drayland farming, which according to the prediction of Markov method, this amount will reach 531 Km2 in 2040, which soars the amount of water consumption by 253 MCM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment of Land Changes in Tajan River Watershed with Emphasis on Landscape Metrics
Fatemeh Rajaei Abbas Esmaili Sari Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Majid Delavar Ali Reza Massah BavaniIntroduction: Land cover and its configuration in the landscape are crucial components in the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Hyrcanian forests have a long history (arising in the Jurassic Period) and are among the world's most valuable forests; the de MoreIntroduction: Land cover and its configuration in the landscape are crucial components in the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Hyrcanian forests have a long history (arising in the Jurassic Period) and are among the world's most valuable forests; the decline in the Hyrcanian forests is one of the most serious problems of recent years. Material & Method: This study aims at comparing multi-temporal land use and landscape pattern analysis using satellite images from 1984, 2001 and 2010. Land use and spatial structures were predicted for future time horizons in the Tajan Watershed by land change modeler (LCM). Also, the landscape patterns were calculated by FRAGSTATS 4.2. Result & Discussion: The results show that forest was the dominant land cover (72% of area in 1984 and 46% in 2040) in the study area. The total area of forest was 8/4 times higher than the agriculture land cover in 1984 and 1.8 times in 2040. The Largest patch Index (LPI) shows forest lands as dominant cover in the whole period. Also proximity index (PROX) in agriculture and pasture land use increase during 1984 to 2040. The Edge density (ED) will increase in the future for three land uses. The edge density will increase at forest land use from 2010 to 2040. An informed vision on past, present and future forest area dynamics may help guide and prioritize international decisions aimed at reducing forest loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating Capability and Evaluation of Spatial Temporal Variations in Yasuj in Urban Development
Arezoo salamatnia seyed Ali jozi Saeed Malmasi roya nezakati mojgan zaeimdarSustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out MoreSustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out various environmental studies before implementing any development plan. Background and Purpose: In this study, with the aim of investigating capability and evaluation of spatial temporal variations in Yasuj, efforts have been made to implement weighted Linear Combination Technique in order to predict the capability of the region for urban development. Also satellite images were used to investigate the spatial temporal variation in Yasuj city. Analysis method: In order to investigate the amount of power and evaluation of temporal and spatial variation in urban development, the criteria and sub-criteria were determined based on experts' opinions and previous researches. Then the AHP technique assisted by 30 faculty members and experts was employed to paired comparison dimensions and criteria. After the paired comparison, the information layers were standardized in the Idrisi environment and in the GIS environment. Then the layers were combined to determine the land suitability for Urban development. Afterwards, in order to study the time-shift changes of land use in Yasuj city in the three periods of 1986, 2001, and 2016, Landsat satellite images, TM, ETM + and OLI sensors, which were prepared in the Envi 5.1 software environment, were used. Findings: Based on the land use change trends in the Yasuj area, residential or urban areas have undergone extensive changes that affected environment uses including forests, grassland, agriculture and aquatic structures. The forest, located inside and around the city of Yasuj, provides a lot of ecosystem services for the area, which by city development, these services have been reduced both quantitatively and qualitatively, which should be considered. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a model for selecting suitable locations for urban development with respect to environmental considerations and results of this work shown that studies based on spatial data, especially on human settlements (due to their inherent nature) can be the basis for accurate planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Analyzing Attitudes of Local People towards Socio-Economic Impacts of Land Use Change in Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve
Vahid Amini Parsa Ahmadreza Yavari Athare NejadiBackground and Objective: Understanding attitudes of local people on protected areas, especially land use management is necessary for maintaining, managing and achieving sustainable development in these areas. Considering local resident's attitudes can promote protected MoreBackground and Objective: Understanding attitudes of local people on protected areas, especially land use management is necessary for maintaining, managing and achieving sustainable development in these areas. Considering local resident's attitudes can promote protected areas management and help to recognize the problems and potential solutions. So in this research the attitudes and perceptions of people of Arsabaran Biosphere Reserve's about socio-economic impacts of land sue changes were analyzed. Method: 367 questionnaires consist of 24 questions distributed using stratified random method and full field by interviewing with local residents of the zones within the Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve (including the core, buffer and transitional zones). Validity and reliability of research was determined. Findings: Analysis show that the people consider scales and so socio-economic impacts of land sue changes in the local and regional scales is more important. Discussion and Conclusion: Local residents understand the necessity of maintaining land uses, but preferring the socio-economic issues and their livelihoods. People showed obviously the rational choice on their answers, and based on their current and future needs introduced future useful land uses. Using local residents' attitudes may help the managers to find out their needs as direct driving force of land use changes within the area and leads them to design win-win plans though land use management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Assessment of Changes in the Patterns of Urban Structure of the City on Spatial Change of Urban Air Pollutants (Case Study: Tehran City)
Vahid Moshfeghi Samira YousefianBackground and Objective: The land use pattern represents the distribution and horizontal combination of urban applications, which plays a very important role in the distribution of pollutants and urban air quality. The impacts of these pollutants can be identified in t MoreBackground and Objective: The land use pattern represents the distribution and horizontal combination of urban applications, which plays a very important role in the distribution of pollutants and urban air quality. The impacts of these pollutants can be identified in the location of pollutants (industrial, commercial, office, residential, etc.), as well as its impact on the distribution of urban travel and subsequent emissions from urban traffic. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of land use pattern and physical structure in spatial variations of pollutants in Tehran during the period of 2011-2018.Material and Methodology: In order to achieve this goal, Landsat satellite images and also data from the Air Quality Control Center of Tehran in 2011 and 2018 were used. Kriging model was arranged using Arc GIS software to classify satellite images and specify types of applications using artificial neural network method in ENVI software and also to determine the concentration of air pollution in Tehran.Findings: The results of spatial correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between spatial structure changes and air pollution in Tehran during 7 years.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of land use change and air pollution indices indicate that construction in the west and north of Tehran has increased the concentration of pollutants in these directions from the city. If the change from downstream land to urban green spaces in the east and south-east of Tehran reduces the concentration of pollutants urban air has been in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation of Land Use Change Using Landscape Ecology Approach (Case study: Zagros Dam Basin in Gilan Gharb)
Parisa Pirouzinejad maryam morovati Nooshin PirouzinejadBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the chan MoreBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in land use using land surface ecology measures, due to the change in Zagros oak forests and data provision, lack of agricultural land, soil erosion and flooding in the area. Material and Methodology: Landsat 8 satellite images from 2010 and 2020 were used in this study. After the necessary image pre-processing, educational patterns were identified using false-colour imagery (FCC) and vegetation index (NDVI). Classification was done using 730 training points from agricultural, forest, pasture and residential areas using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood Theory. Land surface measurements were used at two levels of class and landscape, and the changes that occurred in the landscape were quantified. After calculating the changes using the Markov chain, the potential of changes between different land uses was obtained for the year 2030. Findings: ¬ According to the results, the area of agricultural land use in 2010 was 23,933.43 hectares, which increased to 25,344.09 hectares in 2020, indicating the dominance of this land use in the changes that occurred. Forest and pasture land use showed a decreasing trend. Field measurements of the land surface also revealed significant changes in the class level and the landscape. The entropy metric of disorder and disturbance at the boundary of natural land uses such as forest and pasture showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020. The measure of the number of patches (NP) and the measure of continuity (CONTAG) showed that the changes that occurred in the area of the Zagros Dam were towards the fragmentation of the landscape and also towards the reduction of its continuity. Discussion and Conclusion: The future trend of land use change will be towards the predominance of agricultural land use and the reduction of natural land use, so it is necessary for the relevant executive bodies to have more control over the destruction of natural land at the edge of agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of the process of land use change in Mahidasht plain watershed using Remote Sensing images
Samireh Saymohammadi Mohsen Tavakoli Kiumars Zarafshani Hossein Mehdizadeh Farzad AmiriIn this study, to the investigation of land use change trend in Mahidasht plain watershed, first, land uses of land in the region were provided by satellite imagery and user map of past years, and then was calculated the percentage of changes in the level of each applic MoreIn this study, to the investigation of land use change trend in Mahidasht plain watershed, first, land uses of land in the region were provided by satellite imagery and user map of past years, and then was calculated the percentage of changes in the level of each application. Satellite images taken from Landsat 8,7 and 5 satellites and for three time periods (1987, 2000, 2016), which were provided by international references. All map corrections were performed in ENVI 5.3 and ARC GIS 10.2 software. The results of this study showed that in the first period of the study (1987), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1558.63 Km2 and the smallest area was the Residential area with an area of 15.77 Km2. Also in the second period (1987-2000), the largest area of land use was for Rain fed land with an area of 1465.74 Km2 and the smallest area belonged to residential land with an area of 19.44 Km2.Whereas in the third period (2000-2016), the largest area of land use was Irrigated lands with an area of 1054.60 Km2, and then the uncoated lands with an area of 1050.62 km2 and the smallest area related to Residential land with area 22.51 Km2. During the period from 2000 to 2016, the largest change was observed in Rain fed lands to Irrigated lands, and the area of uncoated lands and Residential lands also increased significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparison of spatial resolution of LandSat and SPOT satellite images in measuring landscape fragmentation
Ehsan Rahimi Abdol-Rasoul Salman Mahini Seyed Hamed Mir Karimi Hamid Reza Kamyab Sattar SoltanianSince the foundation of landscape ecology, the correlation between spatial patterns and ecological processes has always been regarded as one of key topics in this discipline. In this context, landscape metrics provide valuable information for the interpretation of lands MoreSince the foundation of landscape ecology, the correlation between spatial patterns and ecological processes has always been regarded as one of key topics in this discipline. In this context, landscape metrics provide valuable information for the interpretation of landscape patterns. It is clear that the scale of input data and the scale of analysis must be coherent in order to calculate and interpret landscape metrics correctly. One main method that is often used to assess the scaling effects on landscape pattern is to manipulate the grain size or pixel size in satellite images. In this study, The SPOT and LandSat satellite images of 1986 and 2010 and simulations and maps of Markov-cellular automata models of 2020 were used. The effects of spatial resolution on 8 metrics were evaluated using the software FRAGSTATS in class and landscape levels. The results showed that the changes in grain size have significant effects on landscape metrics and their changes in the future so that the increased grain size will lead to the deacreased number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), LSI and CONAG. In general, metrics showed two types of irregular and increase behaviors according to the reduced grain size; in this study, the changes in grain size are more sensitive than the other metrics. So, the application of these metrics in landscape studies shoulde be considerably paid attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Predicting locational trend of land use changes using CA-Markov Model (Case study: Kohmare Sorkhi, Fars province)
Sara Azizi Ghalati Kazem Rangzan Javad Sadidy Peyman Heydarian Ayoub TaghizadehLand use changes act as a significant factor in the environmental changes and have become a global threat. Monitoring and prediction these changes by satellite images and models can help the planners and managers to make more conscious planning decisions. In this regard MoreLand use changes act as a significant factor in the environmental changes and have become a global threat. Monitoring and prediction these changes by satellite images and models can help the planners and managers to make more conscious planning decisions. In this regard, the current research aimed to monitor, model and predict land use changes using CA-Markov model in Kohmare Sorkhi region, Fars province in 2024 for a period of 25 years (1987-2012). To implement the mentioned model, the land use map was first prepared by ETM+ and TM sensors during three years (1987, 2000, 2012). Then, validation of maps and change detection process were performed. The results of change detection for the first period (1987-2000) and second period (2000-2012) with an accuracy of 83% and Kappa index of 88% have shown the greatest increase in the rangeland area (4224.24 ha) and the greatest decrease in the forest area (3953.75 ha). In the next stage, in order to calibrate the CA-Markov model, land use map for 2012 was predicted; on the other hand, regarding Error Matrix between the modeling land use map and the reference land use map, the Kappa index wad given as 75%. Finally, considering the previous stage, the land use map for the outlook of 2024 was predicted. The final results for 2024 indicated that the forest area would endure the great amount of changes in comparison with 2012. The forests would change into the irrigated agricultural area and rangelands which can be considered in sustainable development planning by decision makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparing the accuracy of time series classification of Landsat images in monitoring land use change
Ahmad Azimi Najarkolaei Ali Akbar Jamali Zeynolabedin HosseiniIn this research, artificial neural network, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods for analysis of land use changes, during 1989 to 2015, were evaluated and compared images from three Landsat satellite sensors in Sari. After geometric and atmosp MoreIn this research, artificial neural network, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods for analysis of land use changes, during 1989 to 2015, were evaluated and compared images from three Landsat satellite sensors in Sari. After geometric and atmospheric corrections, images of 1989, 2002, and 2015 were categorized under three artificial neural network algorithms, maximum likelihood and minimum distance in five land use classes. After assessing the accuracy of the methods, the Kappa coefficients were calculated for maximum likelihood, artificial neural network and minimum distance of 1989 were 92%, 87% and 65% in 2002, were 89%, 87% and 60%, and in 2015 were 91% %, 90% and 73%, respectively. These coefficients indicate the superiority of the maximum likelihood method in comparison with the other two methods in 1989. Also, the results of land use change over the whole period of the survey (from 1989 to 2015), showed that the areas of residential and irrigated lands were increased by 3615 and 575 hectares, but bare lands, gardens and forests were decreased to 1791, 1127 and 1272 hectares, respectively. According to the results, the two methods of maximum likelihood and neural network were more suitable for land use classification. The maximum likelihood method was better than the neural network method with a difference of 5% in 1989 and 2% in 2002 and 1% in 2015 in the Kappa coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Predicting locational trend of land use changes using CA-Markov model (Case study: Safarod Ramsar watershed)
Nahid Salehi Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi Ali TalebiPredicting land use changes using satellite imagery is now a useful tool for helping planners in complex situations. The purpose of this study was to detect and predict land use changes during the 28-year period (1986-2014) by CA- Markov model in the Safarood-Ramsar wat MorePredicting land use changes using satellite imagery is now a useful tool for helping planners in complex situations. The purpose of this study was to detect and predict land use changes during the 28-year period (1986-2014) by CA- Markov model in the Safarood-Ramsar watershed of Mazandaran province. In this research, land use and NDVI maps were prepared using Landsat TM (1986), ETM+ (2000) and OLI (2014) satellite images. The accuracy of the CA-Markov model was estimated using the Kappa index of 87%. In order to calibrate the CA-Markov model, the land use map was prepared in 2014, and the Kappa coefficient of the mapping from modeling and user base map (2014) was 82%. The results showed that during the period between 1986 and 2014, the area of forest lands decreased by 10.26% and the total area of residential areas increased by 3.27%. The land use map for the years 2021 and 2028 was predicted by the CA-Markov model. The results showed that during the period 2014-2028, forested lands and rangelands decreased by 4.92% and 1.7%, respectively. Residential areas will increase by 8.04% and the agricultural land will change slightly, indicating the changes in land use to residential land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Change detection of land use /land cover using object oriented classification of satellite images (Case study: Ghare Sou basin, Ardabil province)
Behrooz Khodabandehlou Hassan Khavarian Nehzak Ardavan GhorbaniThe accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to invest MoreThe accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to investigate the land use/ land cover change trends with an emphasis on agricultural land use in the Ghare Sou basin. After the pre-processing, the object-oriented processing using the multiresolution segmentation method was applied. In addition to the spectral bands, some additional information such as a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), band means, the standard deviation of bands and geometry characteristics were used to extract land use in order to obtain more accurate results. Of these non-spectral data used, 15 characteristics were selected by Feature space optimization (FSO) method to be used in the nearest neighborhood algorithm. The kappa coefficient of the land use maps for 1989 and 2018 was 85% and 96%, respectively, indicating the reliability of the object-oriented classification results. In the next step, the map of the changes was produced comparing the classified maps. According to the results of the change detection, the agricultural land use during the studied period has an increase of 73849 hectares, mainly due to the destruction of rangelands and its conversion to the agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Studying changes in heat islands and land uses of the Minab city using the random forest classification approach and spatial autocorrelation analysis
Mohamad Kazemi Ali Reza Nafarzadegan Fariborz MohammadiThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 MoreThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. First, land surface temperature (LST) was calculated using the split-window and the single-channel algorithms. Land use map was generated using supervised classification random forest method and its performance was assessed by two criteria of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. In order to survey spatial autocorrelation and clustering, pattern of hot spots, the two statistics of Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord GI were applied. In 1988, land uses of vegetated, barren, and urban built-up lands were occupied 30.1, 32.53 and 37.37 percent of the city area, respectively; in 2018, the areas of these land uses were 16.36, 9.56 and 74.08 percents, respectively. A threefold and twice-fold decrease in the area was observed for barren and vegetated lands, respectively; while the area of urban built-up lands had more than doubled. The calculated values for urban-heat-island ratio index (URI) in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 were 0.45, 0.34, 0.11, and 0.22, respectively. The outcomes of two considered spatial statistics indicated the clustering, pattern for UHI of the Minab city. In addition, there was a good agreement between the results of Getis-Ord GI statistic (hotspots spatial analysis) and the Local Moran's I statistic (spatial autocorrelation) on the spatial pattern of heat and cool clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Analysis and comparison of land use/land cover changes using artificial neural network (Case study: lands of Taft and Mehriz)
Alireza Sepehri Ali Akbar Jamali Mohamad HasanzadehThe areas of natural resources and vegetation in the Taft and Mehriz townships in recent decades have undergone changes due to its close proximity to the capital of Yazd province. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent and direction and prediction of land and MoreThe areas of natural resources and vegetation in the Taft and Mehriz townships in recent decades have undergone changes due to its close proximity to the capital of Yazd province. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent and direction and prediction of land and vegetation changes in these two cities. In this study, Landsat 5 (1998, 2004 and 2008) and Landsat 8 (2017) satellite images in the period from May to June was used. Modeling land use/land cover changes were carried out based on supervised classification. The process of changes was analyzed using land change modeling and perceptron neural network method. The results showed that 3% (558.8 ha) of land and vegetation cover of Taft to Bayer and 1.3% (209.9 ha) were added to the urban lands and reduced from the lands of gardens by 4.3% (559.2 ha), this is the highest rating. The amount of 2.8% (678.8 ha) of land and vegetation in Mehriz Bayer and 1.7% (184 ha) has been changed to urban residential land. In terms of urban expansion, Mehriz has had the highest amount of reducing vegetation. The results show that land use and land cover changes in Taft city where more than Mehriz city so that most of these changes were related to gardens, but in terms of area of land use and land use conversion in Mehriz city has the highest value More intense. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Monitoring and predicting the trend of changing rangelands using Satelite images and CA-Markov model (Case study: Noor-rood basin, Mazandaran proince)
Nematollah Koohestani Shafagh Rastgar Ghodratollah Heidari Shaban Shatai Joybari Hamid AmirnejadPredicting the trend of land use/land cover chenges in natural range ecosystem via remote sensing techniques and evaluating their potentials by modeling, plays an important role in decision making. The goal of this research is monitoring and predicting land use/land cov MorePredicting the trend of land use/land cover chenges in natural range ecosystem via remote sensing techniques and evaluating their potentials by modeling, plays an important role in decision making. The goal of this research is monitoring and predicting land use/land cover changes in Nour-rood basin by CA-Markov in a 60 year periods (1988-2048). Landsat TM (1988, 1998, 2008) and OLI (2018) imagery of similar months (in July) were classified by maximum likelihood method algorithm. Terrestrial reality derived from topographic at scale 1:25000 and aerial photos available in the (GDNR) and (WMM) during 1988-2008 and field visits (2018) were evaluated for accuracy. The accuracy of the production maps calculated with Kappa coefficient. So that the highest and lowest ratio were related to the images of 1998 and 1988, respectively with the values of 0.86 and 0.81. The results were compared with field ground truth to determine the accuracy of results. Random matric used to convert land use classes and the map of land cover of Nour-rud basin predicted, in (2018-2028). The results showed that in (1988-2018), forests and rangelands with excellent and fair cover conditions had decreasing and ranges with good condition, rocks and residential areas had increasing trend. Total area of rangelands decreased from 116206 hectares in 1988 to 106336 hectares in 2018. Moreover, the results of Markov model with more than 85% precision showed the same trend of land use changes from 2018-2048. Excellent rangeland cover conditions, showed decreasing trend, rocky and residential areas will also have an increasing trend until 2048. Markov's prediction model also shows an accuracy of more than 85%. The trend of land use changes during 2018-2048 will be the same as in previous. In whitch case, excellent range condition will have decreasing trend; rocky and residential areas will have an increasing trend until 2048. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Monitoring and predicting land use changes using landsat satellite images by Cellular Automata and Markov model (Case study: Abbasabad area, Mazandaran province)
Amer Nikpour Hamid Amounia Elahe NourpasandiBackground and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural MoreBackground and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural resources and environmental change at various levels. Therefore, being aware of land use changes and investigating their causes and factors in several time periods, and predicting land use changes in the future can be properly planned to reduce adverse effects, which has been considered by planners and city managers. They help in land use planning. Also, converting land uses to each other and changing the use of vegetation is known as an important issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to monitor and predict land use changes and land cover in Abbasabad urban area in the future; Using these changes, appropriate management measures can be taken to preserve and rehabilitate lands. Materials and Methods A combination of an automated cell model and Markov chain in the Abbasabad urban area was used to predict land use change; The relevant images were taken from the TM and OLI sensors of the Landsat 8 and 5 satellites at the USGS site. Four user classes, including zone class built with code number 1, vegetation class with code number 2, water resources class with code number 3, and barren land class with code number 4, were separated for Abbasabad urban area. Obtained USGS. In order to extract land use classes, after checking several methods, object-oriented classification method and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were used due to better efficiency. Evaluation of Babian satellite imagery classification The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were performed for three periods of time. Each of these classified maps was evaluated by drawing an error matrix. 250 sample points were used to prepare this matrix. The type of sampling was stratified sampling. Also, to determine land use changes in 2030, classified maps were used and with the help of TerrSet software, changes made in classes and their percentages were obtained, and using the CA-MARKOV model, changes of different classes based on matrices. The possibility of transfer was predicted. Results and Discussion The results during 1997, 2006, and 2017 show that the constructed area has an increasing trend and the uses of vegetation, barren lands, and water resources have a decreasing trend and 23279 hectares of lands in the region are built area dedicated. The kappa coefficient calculated for 1997, 2006, and 2017 is 0.86, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively. Markov chain forecasting model with 85% accuracy stated that the trend of land use change for 2030 will be the same as in previous years, and this indicates that the conversion and change of land uses will proceed as before, and it is necessary to mention this point that the identical uses of vegetation to vegetation cover the largest area during the years 2006 to 2017, and this shows that in this area, vegetation is still stable and has undergone less changes. Conclusion The output of the 13-year forecast map for 2030 in this study indicates the appropriate accuracy of the CA-MARKOV model. In addition, this output shows that this method can be trusted for short-term planning. These forecast maps can be a good guide for managers and urban planners. To achieve better results, it is recommended to use a combination of automated cell model and Markov chain to monitor and predict changes nationwide. The results of this study, in addition to helping to reduce the volume of input data, but also in the processing of classified images and in predicting them for the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Recognition and analysis of key factors affecting forest land use change in Fandoglou forest are using futurist research approach (cross-structural analysis and environmental scanning)
Khalil Valizadeh Kamran maryam sadeghi Sayed Asadollah HejaziIn order to better manage natural ecosystems, man-made, long-term planning can help environmental planners and natural resource managers make more informed decisions. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting land use change in Fandolo forest ar MoreIn order to better manage natural ecosystems, man-made, long-term planning can help environmental planners and natural resource managers make more informed decisions. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting land use change in Fandolo forest area with a future research approach. At the beginning of the study, 19 factors affecting forest use changes in various economic, social, physical, natural and political dimensions were approved by experts. Dimensions 19 * 19 were designed and provided to experts for weighting from numbers 3 to 0, which were three high and zero effects without impact and weighting.The effect of variables was directly and indirectly analyzed in MICMAC software. Finally, eight effective factors in changing the forest use of Fandolo region were identified. Among the key factors of tourist factor, land use, distance from village and population, logging, vegetation, motivation to change from agricultural to residential and height are the most important key factors in the future of the regional system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Modeling land cover changes in Golestan province using land change modeler (LCM)
Fatemeh Salarian Mohammadreza Tatian Abdolazim Ghanghermeh Reza TamartashBackground and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without obser MoreBackground and Objective In recent decades, land use change due to environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment and the economy in Golestan province. On the other hand, wide rangelands and natural areas have been cultivated without observing ecological and scientific principles or have been exploited for special purposes and changing to other uses, while many of these lands are do not have the potential to become new land uses and they have a high potential for erosion, as a result of which we will see soil erosion, especially in sloping lands and the creation of destroyer floods. Therefore, it is necessary and essential to be aware of the type and manner of use and its possible changes over time, which will be important for planning and policy-making in the country. The aim of this study was to detection the land use changes in Golestan province during the years 1986 to 2019 and to predict the land use status of the region for 2050 using the Land Change Modeling (LCM) approach.Materials and Methods In order to monitor the trend of land use changes in the study area, Landsat 5 and 8 satellites (TM and OLI sensors for 1986, 2001, and 2019) were used. Interpretation and processing of satellite data were performed in ENVI software. The necessary pre-processing was performed on the images. First, the images were mosaic together and then cut according to the province boundary. In order to identify and separate the phenomena from each other, a false color image was created. Then, the supervised classification method with the maximum likelihood method was used. At this stage, five classes, including rangeland, agriculture, forestry, residential, and water areas were defined. Land use maps for 1986, 2001, and 2019 were prepared. Integration of land cover maps related to 1986, 2001, and 2019 was used as input of LCM model and digital elevation model (DEM) maps and road and stream layers to analyze area changes and prediction of land use changes of 2050. After the necessary analyzes in order to detect land use changes between the intended time periods, change maps and land use transfers were prepared. Finally, the amount of decrease and increase in each land use, the amount of net changes, the net change from other land uses to the desired class, areas without change and transfer from each land use to another land in different land cover classes in the form of maps and charts were prepared and analyzed.Results and Discussion The aim of this study was prediction and modeling of land use changes in a period of 33-years in Golestan province. According to the results during this period, the area of the rangelands has decreased a lot, equivalent to 181181.25 hectares. Much of the decline in rangelands is due to its conversion into agricultural, which can be attributed to population growth and the need to expand crop land. The area of forest lands during the mentioned years has decreased from 393018.75 to 349143.75 hectares in 2019, which has shown a decrease of 43875 hectares (2.2%). In general, the destruction of rangeland and forest areas is especially visible in developing countries due to population growth, technological growth and non-compliance with ecological principles and law enforcement. Also, the results of classified maps during the mentioned years show that the highest amount of changes in the region is related to agricultural lands, has increased to 173700 hectares equal to 8.5 % during the same period. The rate of land use changes related to the residential land class has also increased with the increasing trend from 18731.25 hectares in 1986 to 37518.75 hectares in 2019, which has increased by 18787.50 hectares (0.9%) during this period. Rapid growth of population has led to the development of residential and urban areas and the increase in this type of land use with a relatively steep slope, especially in recent years, which can be part of the government's plans for housing construction in the surrounding areas cities. This increase in the class of agricultural lands is more noticeable, especially in the central and eastern regions of the province, and can be a warning alarm for the future. It means that in an imperceptible trend, rangeland and forest lands become rainfed agricultural lands and after a while unprincipled exploitation, eventually become barren and unusable land. On the other hand, this could indicate an increase in population and demand for housing, and consequently securance of the needs of the residents of the region is a threat to rangeland lands which is necessary instead of increasing the agricultural and residential lands and turning rangeland lands into such land uses, the policy of increasing productivity in the agricultural sector should be pursued. About of water areas, it can be said that during this period, it has increased by 1.6% or 3268.75 hectares. This increase in water areas can be partly attributed to heavy rainfall and water intake and even floods in different parts of the province in 2019. Predicting the rate of land use change in 2050 indicates that in the coming years, the area of rangelands and forests will be reduced by 131906.25 and 291600 hectares, respectively, and in contrast to the area of agricultural land and residential areas will increase to 164137.50 and 25313.25 hectares, respectively. Therefore, the adoption of necessary measures and policies to further reduce forest and rangeland will be inevitable.Conclusion Understanding of the conditions of different land uses during the coming periods will facilitate planning for the future by creating information in terms of their spatial distribution pattern, but maintaining and creating sustainable conditions for the future both statistically and it is ecologically one of its limitations. These constraints play an important role in the safe use of different land uses in the planning process. Therefore, creating sustainable conditions in the region and modeling it in order to use the natural resources of a region regularly and sustainably is one of the preconditions for achieving upstream visions and documents, including the sustainable development plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - An analysis of the land use/land cover changes of Shadegan International Wetland in the last two decades
Asma Rafei Afshin Danehkar Mehdi Zandebasiri Masoud BagherzadekarimiBackground and Objective Wetlands, as one of the most sensitive ecosystems on Earth, are always facing various changes in their range, and changes in cover and use are among the most effective of these changes. The land has always been affected by human activities and u MoreBackground and Objective Wetlands, as one of the most sensitive ecosystems on Earth, are always facing various changes in their range, and changes in cover and use are among the most effective of these changes. The land has always been affected by human activities and uses. Those human activities that are limited to certain places and find a relatively stable position, create human uses. Therefore, analysis of wetland change has become a management priority. land use/land cover (LULC) plays a key role in the study of environmental developments at the local, regional and global levels. Human activity and change in the Earth's surface lead to changes in the structure and ecological processes of the Earth's natural systems. These changes mainly affect the main aspects of land functions (including energy balance, water, soil, and food network). In addition, pressure on natural resources, which is due to the human need for environmental resources and is often influenced by population growth drivers, leads to changes in the Earth's surface. Landscape changes due to human interventions lead to different developments and trends in land use/land cover. Therefore, time/coverage analysis is very important for understanding and routing spatial changes from the past to the present and planning for the future. Today, high-resolution multispectral and multi-temporal satellite data are used as an essential tool for estimating aspects such as vegetation, deforestation, and urban sprawl. Remote sensing and GIS technology provide a platform for studying landscape deformation across the earth's surface. Remote sensing data provide valuable information in a relatively short time and cost-effectively. High-resolution satellite imagery or aerial photographs can be used to study land use/land cover changes in different ecosystems and areas. The fact that Shadegan Wetland is one of the international wetlands in the country, which is currently on the Montreux list due to human interventions, can assess the developments around the wetland, especially in the process and type of land use/land cover changes, in identifying the drivers The main impact on this wetland is associated with its practical importance and helping to remove this wetland from the Montreux list. And waterfront can be used to adjust the exit bill of this wetland from the Montreux list. In this study, integrated remote sensing and GIS methods have been used to detect land use/land cover changes in the enclosed area and affect Shadegan wetland.Materials and Methods The study area is located in Shabangan Wetland, surrounded by the Ozon Plain. Due to the immediate man-made effects on Shadegan Wetland, especially the role of the surrounding roads and waterways, this area was closed on the latest Google Earth satellite images and then transferred to the layers used. In this area, the international distance is 48 degrees and 19 minutes and 16 seconds to 49 degrees and 3 minutes and 44 seconds and the northern latitude is 29 degrees and 55 minutes, 44 seconds to 38 degrees, 28 minutes and 42 seconds at a distance of about 60 kilometres. It is located south of Ahvaz, the capital of the province, and 5 km south of Shadegan. In this research, images of the 20 years of the Landsat satellite from the years 1999-to 2019 have been used. ENVI software is also used to classify images. After preprocessing and making the relevant corrections using the supervised classification method and the algorithm, the maximum likelihood of processing and highlighting the images was done, and also the kappa accuracy and coefficient of each layer were estimated for accuracy. Then, the preparation of cover and land use maps included different classes of natural land cover and human land uses. In the detection, the most important changes were made around the Shadegan wetland, so in this process, major changes in the existing classes were considered. To detect changes, the Change Detection method was used in ENVI software, which can provide complete information on changes in land use/land cover types. Land use changes were selected in 5 periods with a time interval of 20 (2019-1999).Results and Discussion Five-time periods of satellite data on the use and coverage of Shadegan Wetland in the years 2017, 2014, 2001, 1999, and 2019 were prepared after pre-processing and making relevant corrections using the supervised classification method and the maximum probability of processing and highlighting algorithm. Pictures were taken. The Kappa coefficient and the overall accuracy coefficient were used to evaluate the accuracy of the generated maps and according to the results, the 2019 data had the highest kappa coefficient and the highest overall accuracy. According to land cover and land use classes, the land use/land cover map of the study area was prepared for the mentioned five time periods. The findings of this study show that the land area of Shadegan wetland has changed from about 90,000 hectares in 2001 to about 150,000 hectares in 1999 during the 20 years ending 2019 the area of the wetland has decreased by about 40% in two years. After that, the wetland lands have increased and this increase continues gradually until today. However, despite this increase, the area of the wetland has not been provided in 1999, the area has decreased by about 16% compared to this year.Conclusion Considering the trend of bare lands without cover and saline lands, it can be concluded that these two diagrams have an inverse trend towards each other, which can be seen at this point or the intersection of the two desired covers. For this purpose, the desired cover must be obtained, which is created by runoff, so that in a period, the lands began to lose their coverage and became saline lands and salt ponds. Also, considering the increase in uncovering land in 2001 and the water trend, it can be concluded that this increase was due to the decrease in surface water. Due to the trend of saline lands in the relevant period and being in line with the water trend, if the water supply of the wetland is provided, thousands of saline’s will become natural lands. Also, the relative increase in water in recent years and the decrease in bare uncovered land, and the increase in saline land, indicate that the water that replaces bare uncovered land is saline. The two groups of land use and agricultural activity did not cause drastic changes in the study period and according to Table 4, the average percentage of changes in these two land uses was 4.5% and more than 1%, respectively, which is expected to have a significant impact on There is no process of destruction and destruction of lands around the wetland and therefore cannot be considered as a critical factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Study the landuse change and its effects on the hydrologic regime in main catchments of Binalood county
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Fahimeh Pourfarrash ZadehBackground and Objective Land use/cover changes have been considered to be one of the most important parts of global environmental changes. These changes are complex and dynamic in relation to other environmental changes (global warming, drought, erosion, and ecosystem MoreBackground and Objective Land use/cover changes have been considered to be one of the most important parts of global environmental changes. These changes are complex and dynamic in relation to other environmental changes (global warming, drought, erosion, and ecosystem degradation). In this context, the impacts of land use/cover changes on hydrologic processes are one of the most important environmental issues and challenges, so the extent of dependency on agriculture and other water-related activities on streams has become a major concern in watershed management. So, Assessing long-term hydrological impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) change is of critical importance for land use planning and water resource management. For example, Increased runoff due to the conversion of forests to other land covers, especially agriculture, as well as increased runoff and flood discharge resulting from the expansion of urban and residential use has been repeatedly reported by various researchers. The present study was aimed at identifying and determining the quantity and quality of land use changes and their relationship with flow discharge changes in catchments of Binalud county in order to guide water resources management and conservation of natural resources at the catchment scale, considering the evidence of land use changes as well as the hydrological regime variations in the catchments.Materials and Methods The data used in this study were as follows: the average monthly discharge of hydrometric stations, including 3 stations of ZirbandGolestan, Hesar, and SarasyabShandiz that were collected during 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018, and the Landsat satellite images, including 4 satellite images for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, acquired in the spring (May). The monthly discharge values of two seasons, winter and spring, were selected to study hydrological regime changes, considering the low and close to zero values of the average monthly discharge during summer and autumn and very small variance in the relevant values. The data were tested for normality at the significance level of 0.05 before entering the correlation test based on the Smirnov-Kolmograph method. In regard to satellite images, the processing steps were as follows: firstly, the atmospheric correction of the images was performed based on the conventional FLAASH method in the ENVI software environment. Then, the combination of visible green, red, and near-infrared bands in false color (4-3-2 in Landsat 5 and 7; 5-4-3 in Landsat 8) was used for classification based on the maximum likelihood algorithm. The land use classes were as follows: 1-garden, 2-residential, 3-water area, 4-rock outcrop, 5-moderate range, 6-poor range, and 7-barren land. The selection of training samples for classification was based on Google Earth images, visual interpretation of satellite images, and of course familiarity with the study area. After classification, the maps were validated based on general accuracy statistics and the Kappa coefficient. However, in order to know the relationship between land use changes and the hydrological regime of the catchments, Pearson two-way correlation test was used in the SPSS software environment. This test was performed at a significance level of 0.05 and between the percentages of the area of each land use and the monthly discharge values (6 months) of hydrometric stations during 4 year.Results and Discussion Preliminary results showed good accuracy of the classification method of the images so that kappa coefficients ranged from 0.78 to 0.95. According to the maps, it is characterized that most area of the catchments belongs to rangelands and barren lands so the changes and conversions of land use occurred mainly between these two land uses. The minimum area percentage of the catchments belonged to the water areas, which at its highest proportion occupied 0.16% and 0.1% of the area of ZirbandGolestan and SarasyabShandiz catchments, respectively. Reagards to land use changes, a decrease in rangelands and the increase of barren lands during the first (1990-2000) and the third (2010-2020) decades have been very considerable, so that 38% and 13% of the moderate rangelands of the Zirband catchment have decreased during the two decades, respectively. In contrast, barren lands have grown by 31% and 15 % over the two decades. Along with these changes, the 8% increase in the area of settlements has been proposed as the most prominent land use change during the second decade (2000-2010) in the catchments. In addition to land use changes, a review of the monthly discharge variations in the catchments showed that the winter months have been experiencing a decreasing trend and, in contrast, the spring months have been experiencing an increasing trend of discharge over the last two decades. The results of the correlation test showed that there are significant relationships between changes in areas of rock outcrop, moderate range, poor range, and discharge variations in the Zirband catchment. In contrast, no significant relationships were found between land uses and monthly discharges in the Sarasyab catchment. In regard to the quality of relationships, positive correlation between the areas of 3 land uses, including residential, rock outcrop, and barren land, and discharges in April and May, and in contrast, a negative correlation between rangeland areas and discharge of the mentioned months was another important result of the study. In general, the increase in human encroachment and occupation in the form of residential and barren land uses has increased the risks of the occurrence of flooding runoff. On the contrary, the rangeland expansion with its protective and moderating effect has reduced the occurrence of spring floods in the studied catchments.Conclusion The results indicate that an important focus of land use change in the catchments has been on rangeland and barren land, so in the last decades, the area of rangelands, which play an effective role in protecting water and soil resources, has been much larger than today. However, due to the lack of protection of pastures and human encroachment on the environment, as well as overgrazing of livestock, the rangelands have gradually retreated to the upstream areas and were replaced by barren lands and residential areas. The existence of a positive correlation between the areas of the residential, rock outcrop, and barren land and discharges in April and May is indicative of acceleration and intensification of the rainfall-runoff process due to the increase in the areas of the land uses. Therefore, the irregular and sprawling growth and expansion of residential areas, as well as barren and abandoned lands, must be prevented. On the other hand, the negative correlation between the percentage area of rangeland and monthly discharge refers to the positive effect of rangelands on the environmental conditions of the catchments in the context of accelerated runoff and erosion processes, which ultimately requires the protection and preservation of natural areas. In general, more attention and focus on the effects of land use change on discharge variations in wet seasons due to the semi-arid climate of the region is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Development trend analysis of urban heat island regarding land use/cover changes using time series of landSat images
Sirous Hashemi Dareh Badami Isar Nouraeisefat Saeid Karimi Sajad NazariUsing time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time seri MoreUsing time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time series of LandSat images during 1990 and 2015 were used. Thresholding Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Fraction Vegetation Cover (FVC) method has been applied to obtain the land surface emissivity; in addition, Planck's law for TM and ETM+ images and Split Window (SW) algorithm for OLI/TIRS images were utilized in order to retrieve land surface temperature. UHI and FVC trends were analyzed by statistical and Mann-Kendall methods. Statistical analysis showed that the average of FVC has decreased during the study periodand data skewness has changed to low FVC. The reduction trendhas increased FVC caused an average normalized temperature during the study period and also enhanced the data skewness of land surface temperature. The Mann-Kendall spatial analysis showed that in most of the study area, the land surface temperature and vegetation fraction haveincreased and decreasing trends, respectively; these mentioned trends have been intensified in the places where gardens and agricultural land uses were changed into built-up ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Land use change modeling using artificial neural network and markov chain (Case study: Middle Coastal of Bushehr Province)
Mehdi Gholamalifard Mohsen Mirzayi Sharif Joorabian ShooshtariCoastal lands of Bushehr Province has a high importance in terms of marine exporting and importing, oil and gas reserves, agriculture, nuclear plant, suitable condition for fishing and tourist attractions. Therefore new desirable methods for monitoring and modelin MoreCoastal lands of Bushehr Province has a high importance in terms of marine exporting and importing, oil and gas reserves, agriculture, nuclear plant, suitable condition for fishing and tourist attractions. Therefore new desirable methods for monitoring and modeling changes are required to be used in these areas. This study was performed with the aimed of monitoring and modeling land use changes using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Markov Chain in Land Change Modeler (LCM) in 23 years period (1990-2011). After model accuracy assessment using kappa coefficient, land cover map of the year 2016 was predicted by the 2006-2011 calibration period. The results indicated that two trends include changes from open lands to agricultural and then quitting these agricultural lands have been observed during the study period. Such that, the agricultural area has increased to 19715.76 hectares from 1990 to 2006,but between 2005 to 2011, only 14.48% of agricultural lands has remained unchanged and the large area of those were finally left. In this study, LCM was able to predict 0.76 of changes correctly. So that it was predicted 12000 hectares increasing of extent urban development in the coastal lands of Bushehr Province in 2016. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Monitoring, assessment and prediction of spatial changes of land use /cover using Markov chain model (Case study: Bostagh Plain - South Khorasan)
Kamran Karimi Choughi Bayram KomakiMonitoring and optimal management of natural resources is requiring an update and accurate information. In this context, land use/cover maps is considered as a one of the most important sources of information on natural resources management. Optimal management of resour MoreMonitoring and optimal management of natural resources is requiring an update and accurate information. In this context, land use/cover maps is considered as a one of the most important sources of information on natural resources management. Optimal management of resources requires assessment and understanding of the changes and degradation of resources in the past. It also needs to have an accurate plan in order to control and inhibition of the happened destruction potential in future. The Markov chain model is one of the most efficient methods for predicting changes in land use and land cover. In this research, land cover changes in previous years and the possibility of predicting in the future are investigated in Bostagh plain using the Markov chain model. Therefore, using MSS (1987), ETM+ (2002) and OLI (2014) images sensors and region ancillary information, land use map is provided and 2024 land use map is predicted too. Land use maps were performed using kappa coefficient after correcting satellite images, determining training samples, and evaluating classification accuracy. According to the results, bare/barren and rangeland classes are the most dynamic existing usage in the region. The area percentage of these lands during 1987 to 2014 was 21.64% subtractive and 31.14% additive respectively. This represents a total degradation and replacement of the weaker use in the region. The results of predicting changes in the time interval 2014-2024, showed that 98% of residential lands, 88% of bare land, 77% of saline land, 45% of rangeland, and 37% of agriculture will remain unchanged. Moreover, the conversion of rangeland to bare land (41.94%) are the highest, and the conversion of bare lands to residential lands (0.02%) and rangeland to residential lands (0.03%) are the lowest possibility of conversion. Predicting maps derived from the Markov chain model are very important to provide an overview for better natural resources management. Landuse changes Satellite images Predict of changes Markov chain model Bostagh plain Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The effect of topography factors on land use/cover changes of Yasouj forest park during 1965 – 2011
Shakiba Jahangirian Alireza SalehiThis study aims to investigate the effect of physiographical factors on land use/cover changes in the Yasouj Forest Park during 1965 to 2011. It was evaluated and monitored using aerial photographs 1:20000 scale, panchromatic satellite imageries from IRS-P5 MoreThis study aims to investigate the effect of physiographical factors on land use/cover changes in the Yasouj Forest Park during 1965 to 2011. It was evaluated and monitored using aerial photographs 1:20000 scale, panchromatic satellite imageries from IRS-P5 (2011), and online Google Earth images (2011). Two series of images in two adjacent monitors were interpreted and compared using a simultaneously comparison and interpretation method. For this purpose some of land use/cover characteristics within sample plots taken from similar location were used in a digital systematic grid. The results showed that about 60% of sample plots located in different classes of slopes and elevations were not changed during this period of time. However the most land use/cover changes have been occurring in low slope areas and the least changes have been occurring in high slope areas. It is concluded that topographical factors, particularly slope are important factors for the protection of the forest cover in such areas. Park area protection could also be as an important prohibiting factor for major changes in the study area. The distribution pattern study of woody spices’s maturer stems is not good enough for about a 50 year period. Increasing dirt road in the park during the recent decades leads a social need for better planning of this decentralized recreational zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - ارزیابی میزان تغییرات کاربری اراضی در روستاهای الحاقی به مادرشهر تبریز طی دوره ی زمانی 1391-1381 (نمونه موردی: آخماقیه)
اکبر اصغری زمانی پیام علی بخش زاده شاهرخ زادولی خواجه فاطمه زادولی -
Open Access Article
27 - ارزیابی روش های آشکارسازی تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و پهنه آبی تالابهای چغاخور و سولگان
سید امید میرمحمدصادقی محمد نبویان پور سلمان یزدانی شیدا محمدیفردتالاب­ها یکی از مهمترین سرمایه­های محیطزیستی هستند که اطلاع از تغییرات آنها نقش اساسی در مدیریت آنها دارد. از میان نگرانیها در زمینه تغییرات محیطزیست و اکوسیستم تالابها، مسائل مربوط به تغییر کاربری و پوششگیاهی طی زمان به طور فزایندهای مهم تلقی شدهاند. در Moreتالاب­ها یکی از مهمترین سرمایه­های محیطزیستی هستند که اطلاع از تغییرات آنها نقش اساسی در مدیریت آنها دارد. از میان نگرانیها در زمینه تغییرات محیطزیست و اکوسیستم تالابها، مسائل مربوط به تغییر کاربری و پوششگیاهی طی زمان به طور فزایندهای مهم تلقی شدهاند. در همین راستا روش­های سنجش از دور ابزاری قدرتمند برای بررسی پایش تغییرات بهحساب میآیند که با سرعت و دقت مناسبی تغییرات کاربری اراضی را در سطوح وسیعی مورد ارزیابی قرار داده و تغییرات را آشکار مینماید. بهمنظور آشکارسازی تغییرات پوششگیاهی در سه تالاب چغاخور، سولگان غربی و سولگان شرقی، سه تصویر ماهواره لندست مربوط به سالهای 2002، 2015 و 2018 انتخاب و روشهای آشکارسازی تفاضل تصویر، تفاضل پوششگیاهی و تسلد کپ بر روی آنها پیادهسازی شد. سپس دقت روشهای مذکور از طریق طبقهبندی تصاویر به روش حداکثر احتمال و تعیین آستانه تغییرات مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد روش تسلدکپ با دقت کل و ضریب کاپای 34/88 و 83/0 نسبت به دو روش دیگر توانسته است تغییرات را بهخوبی آشکارسازی نماید. بر اساس آستانه تعیین شده، تغییرات افزایشی مربوط به اراضی کشاورزی، باغات و کشت دیم بوده که از سال 2002 تا سال 2015، تغییرات افزایشی فقط 66/23 درصد بودهاند؛ اما در بازه سه ساله از 2015 تا 2018 به 8/42 درصد افزایش یافته است و همزمان تغییرات کاهشی مربوط به 66 درصد اراضی مرتعی بودند که طی سالهای 2002 تا 2018 به اراضی کشاورزی تبدیل شدهاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating Land Use Changes In Tajyar Dam Basin Using The Erdas Software
Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari nafiseh rezapoorRevealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research i MoreRevealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research is to classify the images of the Tajyar Dam in three years to find out the extent of change in land cover and land covered with vegetation. Remote sensing techniques are the best means for extracting land use maps. In this study land use changes in the Tajyar dam basin have been studied using the supervised classifications in Erdas software. The Tajyar Dam Basin with an area of 10898 ha is located in East Azarbaijan province and Sarab city. In the study area, two landslide satellite images from1996 and 2006 and 2015 were categorized. The results indicate that 2007 hectares of lands covered with vegetation have been reduced and added to dry lands. This change has been caused due to severe agricultural activities, plowing and unplanned grooves. The effect of cold air currents in the northwest of the country has caused the region to have a semi-arid climate of cold. Due to the aforementioned limitation and the state of consumption of agricultural products and the lack of attention to the ability of agricultural land, farming in areas that have no potential for doing this activity has reduced the quality of vegetation. The supervised classification in this method was carried out with an overall accuracy of 87%, which is acceptable at the level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Survey the effect of land use changes on quality of water Maroon River using RS and GIS
Khosro Shafi Motlagh Jahangi Porhemat Hossin Sedghi Majid HosseiniIn arid and semi-arid conditions and water shortage, sensitive to water quality of rivers and factors influencing on them, is necessary. Maroon Watershed in recent decades has been prey extensive land use changes. Drought and misuse of lands were the most important fact MoreIn arid and semi-arid conditions and water shortage, sensitive to water quality of rivers and factors influencing on them, is necessary. Maroon Watershed in recent decades has been prey extensive land use changes. Drought and misuse of lands were the most important factors in reducing the volume and quality of water resources in the basin. In this study, changes in land use in the watershed Maroon within four ten-year period from 1980 to 2010 using sensors of TM and ETM satellite Landsat and then the changes in water quality over the same period, and even more between 1347 and 1394, were studied over a period of 47 years. Changes in land use in order to increase residential areas and increased agricultural land in the drought occurred during the past 47 years in reducing water quality in the watershed Maroon Ideanak station output is affected. However, due to the drastic changes in land use occurred, increasing the surface of residential and agricultural land feature of lowering the quality of Maroon river water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigation of farmland Use Change in the Area of Parishan Wetland and its Relationship with Groundwater Levels and Rainfall
Bahman Khodabandehlo Mohammadali Abasi Azita ZandLand use is one of the most important factors that Man influences the environment through it. Changes in land cover and land use have direct effects on climate change, and there is a reciprocal and complex relationship between climate change and land cover change. There MoreLand use is one of the most important factors that Man influences the environment through it. Changes in land cover and land use have direct effects on climate change, and there is a reciprocal and complex relationship between climate change and land cover change. Therefore, it is important to monitor land use changes for management and Presentation of management plans. Today, remote sensing and geographic information systems are widely used, especially in dealing with multiple geographic data and interpreting the vast area of the earth's surface. In this way, remote sensing data can be used as a suitable substitute for unregistered and past data, such as land use data and its changes over time periods, and serve as basic information for other studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate land use changes in the Perishan wetland area from 1990 to 2015 using a remote sensing technique and investigate the relationship between these changes with groundwater levels and precipitation. The results of this study showed that the farmland area increased by 1,371 hectares from 1990 to 2015, while the groundwater level decreased by 14.72 m. Also, the results of this study showed that the changes in land area of agriculture are inversely related to groundwater level and increasing the area of agricultural land leads to more groundwater discharge and lower groundwater level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - ارزیابی و تحلیل توسعه فیزیکی شهرهای میانی با استفاده از RSوGIS(مطالعه موردی: شهرگنبد)
صالح آرخی حسین موسی زاده مهدی خداداد سید محمد موسوی پارسایی -
Open Access Article
32 - An Analysis of Land Use Changing and Opportunities, Obstacles to Growth and Urban Development (Case Study: Zabol City)
Mohsen Ahadnejad ashraf azimzadeh irani saeid najafyThe main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1 MoreThe main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of land use change and evaluate the opportunities and obstacles to the progress and growth of Zabol city. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS and OLI Landsat 5,7 and 8 satellite images were selected for the period of 1395-1365.Then the indicators were extracted in two groups of internal and external factors according to Delphi experts.The results showed that in Zabol City most land use changes were made in the agricultural land area due to population increase and the need for housing and other urban needs. So, during the29 years of study, the lands constructed from 2578.10hectares in1365 reached 3419.92 hectares in1394.Also,the results of the Heldron model in Zabol City showed that around85% of the city's physical growth in the years 1365- 1394 was related to population growth and15% growth,related to the horizontal and sparse growth of the city, which reduced the density Gross population and an increase in per capita gross urban land. Zabol city was weak in terms of internal and external factors, but its severity was higher in external factors,but due to serious threats,Zabol city was in weak condition and its strategy was defensive. Thus, it can be said that the development of Zabol in the year1394-1365 is unbalanced, which indicates the landless changes in agricultural lands that need to guide,grow and develop the city with desirable programs.In other words,in addition to meeting the requirements of housing and other services needed by cities,they would prevent unnecessary construction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Environmental Assessment of Land Use Due to Dust in the Last Three Decades Using Remote Sensing Technique and CA Markov Model Case Study of Ahvaz
Yaha Abdolkarim Nisi mohammadebrahim afifi Marzieh MogholiOne of the environmental problems is the air pollution index, the most important index of which is the volume of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and in the southern and western cities of the country in recent years has increased significantly. The aim of this stu MoreOne of the environmental problems is the air pollution index, the most important index of which is the volume of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and in the southern and western cities of the country in recent years has increased significantly. The aim of this study was to monitor land use changes due to fine dust in the last three decades using remote sensing and CA-Markov in Ahvaz. The research method was field-analytical. After conducting preliminary studies and preparing appropriate satellite images, they were analyzed and evaluated with different amounts of educational samples and according to ground surveys. The images used were Landsat 7, 5 and 8 satellite images of 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively. The classification was performed by artificial neural network method and the accuracy of the classification was evaluated and the prediction map of the study area was prepared using the CA-Markov model. The classification results showed that the lands built in 2000 increased from 10637.34 to 10925.76 hectares in 2010 and its area increased to 288.42 hectares. From 2000 to 2010, the green space increased from 1275.41 hectares to 1279.99, ie 58.4 hectares, due to the planting of hand-planted trees during these years to deal with fine dust. These changes have been decreasing from 2010 to 2020 and its area changes have increased from 1279.99 hectares to 1120.49, ie 159.50 area has been reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Earth surface temperature monitoring in relation to land use changes Case study: Maragheh Sufi chay basin
mousa Abedini Abozar sadeghi Nazfar Aghazadeh AmirHesam PasbanThe main purpose of this study was to monitor the surface temperature in relation to land use changes with surface temperature using OLI and TM images in the present study. It was used for 2020, and the Landsat 5TM satellite imagery was used to extract land use and its MoreThe main purpose of this study was to monitor the surface temperature in relation to land use changes with surface temperature using OLI and TM images in the present study. It was used for 2020, and the Landsat 5TM satellite imagery was used to extract land use and its thermal band (band 6) was used to extract ground surface temperature for 1992. The monitored method was used to classify land use for 1992 and 2020 and land use changes and the maximum similarity method was used. The obtained results indicate the accuracy of the classification by the basic pixel method. According to the research findings, the total accuracy of the classification maps using the maximum similarity method was 99.84 for 1992 and 99.78 for 2020. According to the land use map of Sufi Chay watershed from 1992, which has been extracted by the maximum similarity method, most of the land uses are primarily related to the type 1 mountainous part, which has an area of approximately 320.42 square kilometers. Then, rainfed land use with an area of 191.09 square kilometers and dense agricultural land use with an area of 74.29 square kilometers have the most areas. The area of land uses in 2020 also shows that the most land uses are mountainous type 1 rainfed and residential. Keywords: Surface temperature, land use change, OLI, QGIS, Sufi chay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigation of environmental approach in modeling land use change in Babak city using satellite images, multi-criteria evaluation and Markov chain (1997 - 2021)
mohammadebrahim afifi ahmad mangeli meydok ali vakhshoriAbstract In urban areas, population growth has changed the use of agricultural lands to residential, commercial and industrial. These changes have unpleasant consequences for the urban environment, such as reduced vegetation and increased ambient temperature. Therefore, MoreAbstract In urban areas, population growth has changed the use of agricultural lands to residential, commercial and industrial. These changes have unpleasant consequences for the urban environment, such as reduced vegetation and increased ambient temperature. Therefore, evaluating the effects of land use change for proper management in urban areas seems necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of Babak city with regard to the category of sustainable urban spatial development from an ecological perspective. For this purpose, using Landsat 2, 7 and 8 multi-time satellite images and object-oriented satellite image processing techniques, land use changes in the period 2021-1997 with emphasis on the spatial expansion of Babak city have been evaluated. For this purpose, the factors affecting the physical development of Babak city were identified based on the research background in the form of 17 indicators and mapped using multivariate evaluation methods based on CLW fuzzy weighted linear combination and by extracting lands prone to future physical development During the years 2021-1997, using the Markov chain automated cell model, the future land use pattern was predicted in the form of an environmental protection approach and in accordance with the principles of sustainable development until 2065. If the results of this study are used, in Future developments of the city will cause the least damage to pasture and green lands Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Analysis of Temperature Trends Isfahan City and its Surroundings
Khadijeh Salehi Amir GandomkarIn recent years, land use changes in Isfahan city and its surroundings have been increasing, and these changes have been caused by factors such as population growth, economic interests, and changes in society's needs. The current research was conducted with the aim of i MoreIn recent years, land use changes in Isfahan city and its surroundings have been increasing, and these changes have been caused by factors such as population growth, economic interests, and changes in society's needs. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the temperature changes of Isfahan city and its surroundings in a forty-year period (1979-2018). The current research is based on the purpose of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical according to the subject of the research and its nature, and to investigate the temperature changes affected by the changes in land use and urban development of Isfahan city, temperature data from The city of Isfahan and the area of 50 kilometers around the city of Isfahan have been collected from the database of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To verify the accuracy, the data of meteorological stations of Isfahan, Isfahan Airport and Najaf-Abad have been compared and evaluated. became. The results of the research show that in this 40-year period, we have seen a significant increase in the average annual temperature from 0.06 degrees in the eastern area of Isfahan city to 0.11 degrees in the western area. This means that the average temperature of Isfahan city and its surrounding areas has increased between 2.5 degrees and 4 degrees during a period of 40 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - land use change modeling using LCM module (Case study: NEKA region)
seyede massoomeh fathollahi roudbary Kamran Nasirahmadi mehrdad khanmohamadiLand use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land MoreLand use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land use/cover change and modeling in the Neka city using Land Change Modeler (LCM). Landsat TM (١٩٨8), ETM+ (٢٠٠2), and OLI (2016) data was used for land use/cover classification and change. In addition, transition potential modeling was conducted using an artificial neural network. In this method, 5 sub-models and 9 variables were used. Then calibration period (1988-2002) was used by Markov chain and hard prediction for extrapolating the 2016 land use/cover changes. Finally, land use/cover maps for 2002 and 2016 were used for land use/cover map extending prediction to the year 2030. The accuracy assessment of model was conducted by Error Matrix. The results of this study showed the annual rate of decline in the forest was 2297 Hectare during the period 1988-2016. The biggest changes were in the conversion of forest lands to agriculture. Modeling results using artificial neural network also showed acceptable accuracy (69%). The results of modeling for 2030 also showed that the area of the forest is decreasing, Agricultural lands and urban areas are increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor)
shabanali gholami mahmood habibneghad roshan mostafa nooripoorThe effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3] Abstract At present research impact­ of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz MoreThe effect of population growth on land use change ( case study: Vaz catchment, noor) S.gholami[1], M.habibneghad roashan[2], M.nooripoor[3] Abstract At present research impact­ of increasing population on land use changes were investigated in Vaz catchment. The Vaz catchment is having 14,102 hectares area and it is located at Natel-Restaq region in Chamestan district and Noor city. For this research is used descriptive method. And for preparing data and information is done laboratory study, field measuring and documents collection, and also they saved in data base bank by Excel software, then they were analyzed by SPSS.16 software, and then the results of them were compared by using T- test parametric and ANOVA test, and at final stage to terracing of graphs was used EXCEL, 2000. In this study, the stages of variations land use is done at three different durations by using aerial photos with 1/20000 scale from 1345 to 1371 and up to 1381 years. And also each of land use area was determined by using of GIS tools in each of duration. The results of variance analysis are shown affirmative on impact of increasing of population for each variations of different land use area. As the results of analyzes test have shown, increasing of population on variations of different land use were significant at 95% level. [1] - Nour branch, Islamic azad university, , nour, iran [2] - Sari agricultureal sciences sciences and natural resources university [3] - Department of Natural Resources and Watershed , Nour , Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Futuristic Analysis of Urban Land Use Changes Using Satellite Image Analysis (A Case of Tabriz)
Hamid Norash Karim Hosseinzadeh Dalir Ali AzarUnderstanding the trend of land use change and its influencing factors stands as a paramount concern in contemporary urban studies. The vicinities surrounding cities bear the impact of urban growth, triggering alterations in the roles, functions, and configurations of t MoreUnderstanding the trend of land use change and its influencing factors stands as a paramount concern in contemporary urban studies. The vicinities surrounding cities bear the impact of urban growth, triggering alterations in the roles, functions, and configurations of these ecological complexes. Tabriz, being a pivotal metropolis in the country, has undergone notable changes in land use in recent years. The urban expansion has transformed the surrounding lands, including gardens and agricultural areas. This study aims to scrutinize the patterns of land use change in Tabriz from 1986 to 2016. Employing a descriptive-analytical research approach with documentary and field data collection methods, Landsat satellite images, ENVI 4.8 software, and Arc GIS 10.2 geographic information system were utilized to analyze the changes in Tabriz's urban lands over three decades. The findings reveal that Tabriz, in pursuit of its development, has predominantly encroached upon green spaces and agricultural lands, leading to a decline in their share over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of the impact of urban-rural migrations on land use changes in metropolitan cities (A Case study of Tabriz Metropolis)
gholamreza mokhtari farivar karim hoseinzade delir hosein nazamfarWith their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic MoreWith their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic growth of cities is due to their economic relations. The city and the countryside have the advantages of attracting rural employment, creating out-of-village job opportunities and rural-urban migration. The metropolis of Tabriz, in various historical periods, has played a strong transnational role from Eastern Europe to South and Central Asia, which shows its undeniable role in taking on some strong professional functions to perform this task. This interconnection between the metropolitan city of Tabriz and its sphere of influence, on one hand, extends the physical development of the city to its national metropolis, and on the other hand, the physical development of the surrounding villages and extensive user changes in these villages, along with widespread demographic, economic and cultural changes will be obtained. This issue is the main subject of the present research and its main objective is to monitor and evaluate the role of the expansion of the metropolitan city of Tabriz by urban-rural migrations and its impact on physical changes, in particular, land use changes in the urban areas. This study concerning its purpose is a descriptive one and as the methodology is considered is an applied research which has been developed based on the questionnaires used in the study and analyzing its items. To achieve the objectives of the study, we used the Cronbach, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T-Student and multivariate regression tests. The results show strong correlation between migration and change indicators if more than 85% of land use variations are expected by the migratory variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - An Investigation of Tourism Impact on Urban and Rural Land Use Pattern Changes (A Case Study: Kelardasht County)
Naser Aligholizadeh Firoozjaie Mostafa Ghadami Mahmood Gharibi jooybariThe objective of this research is to analyze the role of tourism on land use changes in rural and urban area in Klardasht township. . The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on survey. The data of this research is collected from field observation MoreThe objective of this research is to analyze the role of tourism on land use changes in rural and urban area in Klardasht township. . The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on survey. The data of this research is collected from field observation, interview and satellite images.in order to create land cover map and change detection, satellite images for the years 1987, 2000, 2010 and 2015 were used. The process of analysis of satellite images such as making raster layer was carried out with Erdas 2014 software. Then Thematic Maps were produced through ArcGis 10.4 software. The main and important factor of driving force and pressure in land use change in this area was uncontrolled tourism development. Findings of field observation, interview and satellite images show the huge part of land use of forest, orchard and farm in the study area have changed and converted to built area during years 1987 to 2015. In such a way that with respect to demand in land purchasing and building of second homes and development of facilities and services related to tourism considering lack of efficient management and serious shortcomings in executing rules and regulations, tourism development had great roles in such changes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation and Prediction of Spatial Changes and Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing (Case Study: Qorveh City)
Ebrahim Sami pooran karbasi Peyman Karimi mahtab sanginabadiToday Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development MoreToday Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development leads to land use changes in the periphery of the city. In the past few decades, the city of Qorveh has encountered with the development of urban and peri-urban settlements, which caused changes in the land use of the city of Qorveh and its surrounding areas. Analysis of land use change in Qorveh city can be effective in planning for future development of the city. Therefore, to attempted to estimate and determine land use change trends, Landsat satellite images with TM, ETM and OLI sensors were used for the three time periods of 1986, 2000 and 2018. These images were categorized, validated and detected by the Neural Network method to five floors; urban lands, arable lands, dry lands, water zones and Bayer lands. Finally, Markov Autoclave was used to calculate land use changes in Qorveh city for 2031. The results indicate that, continued land use change would result in the degradation of agricultural land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Modeling land use patterns using with clue-s model (Case study of Meshkinshahr City)
fereydon Babaee noraldin azimi iraj hosseiniIntroduction Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effect MoreIntroduction Issue of land use focuses on prospective application pattern of land in every city and covers various types of applications such as residential, commercial, industrial, health, educational, administrative and recreational, which all have been effective on development trend of Meshkinshahr over the past years. Regarding the importance and role of land use system in urban planning, this research attempts to modeling land use pattern for Meshkinshahr using Clue-S in 1402 horizon aiming to develop the city within spatial-physical scale, prepare maps and analyze predictable patterns in various scales. Research Methodology In this study, primarily identified the factors which effective on land use changes and then used historical, descriptive methods as well as conducted interview with inhabitants and local authorities, associated organization in Meshkinshahr city such as housing and urban planning organization, municipality and consultant engineers of detailed and descriptive plan. Firstly the framework of Clue-S, its components and application were recognized. Secondly, model factor was recognized and actually, this study would be meaningless without extracting factors effective on land use changes in Meshkinshahr City. Thirdly, the characteristic data and parameters of Clue-S model were collected. Fourthly, the necessary factors effective on system that dictates the changes of land use in Meshkinshahr were identified using logistic regression model. Then, demand and constraint models were defined within the Clue-S model used in this study and finally, some scenarios for Clue-S Model were offered revealing the potential land use patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Surveying The Role of Physical Development of Rasht City in Land Use Changing of The City Border Fields
majid yasori reza Viasi mojgan sabab kar maryam mohamadiFurther development of cities population in physical development and Land use changing of the city border fields has an effective role. Rasht's population is increased from 294000 in 1991 to the more than 600000 in 2011. In this period the area of city is from 299 MoreFurther development of cities population in physical development and Land use changing of the city border fields has an effective role. Rasht's population is increased from 294000 in 1991 to the more than 600000 in 2011. In this period the area of city is from 2994 hectare to 10240 hectare. The result of population increase and the area of the city, physical development of the city and in result Land use changing of the city border and to the building of these fields, therefore knowing the effective outfits on the city's development for correct and logical opposition with its adherence problems and thinker design and future development of the city is important. The kind of research in usage research and its method is resolution-descriptive. Surveying results of the research shows that during 1991 to 2011, is about 3587 hectare from the fields of city, has a Land use changing and goes to the basis of the city. According to the Rasht municipality, the number of residential units of the Rasht city from 84053 in 1991 to 140355 units in 2010, that is the sign of 67 Percentincreasing in this period. Even the resulted findings from comparison of two plans of Rasht City in 1991 with 2011 shows that in this period the number of 10 villages in a city and even the number of 57728 of royal territories in a border of city is added to the municipality services restrict. That is involves in different Land use changing, such as residential, commercial, industrial and… Manuscript profile
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