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Open Access Article
1 - Considerations on Knowing the Nature of Contracts with a Comparative Approach towards Sale
Mehdi Mohaghegh farThe proper application of the regulations of contracts depends on theactual knowledge of each of them. Although certain contemporaryjurisprudents have dealt with some aspects of the nature of contracts whilediscussing sale contract, no distinct and sufficient text has b MoreThe proper application of the regulations of contracts depends on theactual knowledge of each of them. Although certain contemporaryjurisprudents have dealt with some aspects of the nature of contracts whilediscussing sale contract, no distinct and sufficient text has been written onImÁmiyya jurisprudence of contracts. The present article seeks to raisesome important considerations presenting outlines of the general methodof knowing the nature of contracts. It deals briefly with distinguishing theontological approach from the conceptual one, distinguishing thedelimiting elements from the causal ones, that of contracts property fromvows property, explanation of causal and effectual attitude to contracts,distinguishing the nature of contracts from their effects, their compoundor simple nature, all of which contribute to finding the essence and natureof contracts. To come to more tangible conclusions, I have delimited thecontracts under discussion to reciprocal ones. I have also studied certaincases of applying these considerations in sale contract with a comparativeapproach Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparison of emotional rhetorical element in the poetry of Rahi Moairi and Diwan Abdul Wahab Al Bayati According to Ullman's theory
Fatemeh Aazam alsadat Modirzade Tehrani Shahin ojaq Alizad Fatemeh EmamiSensualness helps the poet in the creation of pictures and beautiful poetic images and the theme of new creation. By reflecting the emotions and feelings of the poet and breaking the boundaries between the senses, this array expands the meanings and power of the speaker MoreSensualness helps the poet in the creation of pictures and beautiful poetic images and the theme of new creation. By reflecting the emotions and feelings of the poet and breaking the boundaries between the senses, this array expands the meanings and power of the speaker's words and by creating Spiritual music adds to the effect on its audience. The long history of using this array, both in Persian literature and in the poems of Arab poets, shows its importance and value, which has faded over time, but has never completely disappeared, and is widely accepted in the contemporary era. It has been encountered by poets and the basis of poetic style and creativity has been found in the work of some of them. This research is a reflection on the application of this beautiful literary art in the poetry of two contemporary Iranian and Arab poets (Rahi Moiri and Abdul Wahab Al Bayati) until the sense The combinations extracted in their poems should be examined in terms of how the senses are combined and the frequency of use of each of them, and then these sensory combinations should be written in a comparative manner based on the Hungarian linguist Ulman's theory. The research method in this study is descriptive, analytical and library. The result of this research will determine the attention and interest of these two poets in using different senses and the frequency of using this poetic gift in their poems according to Ullman's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The comparative study of Kafka's novel "Metamorphosis" and Sultan Al-Amimi's "Samsa"
matyam bakhshiKafka's novel Metamorphosis has attracted the attention of many novelists and storytellers in various languages, including English, Persian, and Arabic; Among them, Sultan Al-Amimi, a contemporary Arabic novelist, is influenced by this novel in his story called "Samsa". MoreKafka's novel Metamorphosis has attracted the attention of many novelists and storytellers in various languages, including English, Persian, and Arabic; Among them, Sultan Al-Amimi, a contemporary Arabic novelist, is influenced by this novel in his story called "Samsa". Sultan Al-Amimi takes a different look at the identity crisis and resumes the fate of the protagonist in a different way. Therefore, the main issue of this research is the quality of influence and explanation of the general view on the subject of loneliness, isolation, identity crisis and metamorphosis, and finally understanding the similarities and differences between the two works. The present study, which has been carried out descriptively-analytically and based on the French school of comparative literature, has concluded that the theme of Kafka's novel is the human destiny, which is isolated and transformed by the problems of society. Al-Amimi, although he took the depth of his story from Kafka's novel, changed its theme and changed the character's destiny, and figured out another future for him. The character or protagonist is the same in both narratives. In the first, the transformation took place in the form of an animal and in the second, in the form of a human; Kafka has taken a pessimistic and isolated view of the character, distancing himself from those around him, and Sultan al-Amimi has taken an optimistic view of the character, processing him in the form of a social and happy personality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Comparative Study of the Position of Social Themes in the "Maqamat" of Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadani and the "Hadith Isa Ibn Hisham" by Muhammad Muwaylihi
Mohammadreza Lotfi zahra Khosravi vamakani Ali SaberiRecognition and analysis of literary works and the lives of the creators of those works is not possible without studying and analyzing the society and culture in which they have developed. In other words, researching the way of life, social relations, beliefs, failures MoreRecognition and analysis of literary works and the lives of the creators of those works is not possible without studying and analyzing the society and culture in which they have developed. In other words, researching the way of life, social relations, beliefs, failures and victories, pains and joys and ups and downs of the society in which the artist lives, a more detailed and comprehensive study of life and works Makes it possible."Maqamat" is the most important work of "Badi at al-Zaman Al-Hamadani" which was written in Arabic and was first published in Beirut in 1889 with 51 descriptions. He created a new style in Arabic prose writing; The hero of his officials, Abolfath Eskandari, appears every time in clothes and travels to different cities and talks about various issues such as a powerful storyteller. It is a literary place. He sees the story as a place to show his literary power in using metaphorical expressions along with metaphor, irony, metaphor and proverb.Writers in the contemporary period also followed his style and expressed their thoughts in the form of "maqamah", among which we can include well-known figures such as Muhammad Muwaylihi, Nasif Yazji, Ahmad Shoghi, Muḥammad Tawfīq Al-Bakrī and Hafez Ibrahim.This research, which has been written in a comparative-analytical way, has comparatively studied social themes in the "authorities" of Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadani and the "hadith of Isa Ibn Hisham" by Muhammad Muwaylihi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparative Study of Vajhi’s “Sab Ras” and SibakNeishabouri’s “Lovers’ Face, Heart and Instructions”
AbulGhassem RadfarAsadollah a member of Vajhi family became the poet laureate of the court. He was a prominent poet and writer of Persian and Urdu who became famous as “GhalebDakn”. Vajhi is the first Urdu prose writer and his book “Sab Ras” is known as the first MoreAsadollah a member of Vajhi family became the poet laureate of the court. He was a prominent poet and writer of Persian and Urdu who became famous as “GhalebDakn”. Vajhi is the first Urdu prose writer and his book “Sab Ras” is known as the first Urdu prose work. His other book “GhotbeMoshtari” made him become known as the first critic of Urdu Language. In this latter book he has paid attention to the criteria and principles of criticizing poems and poetry. The book is still valuable today. Content analysis of the book “Sab Ras” which is the first Sophist allegorical work in Urdu shows that the writer has been under the influence of the famous sections by Fattahi or SibakNeishabouri. The present article studies this influence and brings in instances to prove it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Comparative Study of the Impact of Persian Religious Epics on Kurdish Hymn Book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi
Akhtar Sultani Zaher Saraei Narjes Tohidi FarThe present article attempts to study the impact of Persian religious epics on Kurdish hymn book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi the great Shiite Kurdish poet from Ilam from a comparative point of view. Since the Shiite Kurds make up a great part of the population of Iran a MoreThe present article attempts to study the impact of Persian religious epics on Kurdish hymn book of Gholam Reza Khan Arkvazi the great Shiite Kurdish poet from Ilam from a comparative point of view. Since the Shiite Kurds make up a great part of the population of Iran and they have played an important role in the formation of Shiite religion, study of their literary works and comparing them with Persian works is of great contention and it can help the national convergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A comparative study of rhetoric language in Persian and Arabic Languages
Houshmand EsfandyarpourThe present article is a comparative study of the science of rhetoric in Persian and Arabic languages since their emergence up to the present time. This study reviews the way scholars looked at the science of rhetoric at different times separately in Persian & Arabi MoreThe present article is a comparative study of the science of rhetoric in Persian and Arabic languages since their emergence up to the present time. This study reviews the way scholars looked at the science of rhetoric at different times separately in Persian & Arabic. The views of the important masters of rhetoric are also mentioned. The study concludes that the Persian rhetoric masters were under the influence of their Arab counterparts concerning the use of Arabic figures of speech. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MANIFESTATIONS OF NARRATIONS IN DĪVĀN-E ŠHAMS-E TABRĪZĪ (THE WORKS OF SHAMS OF TABRIZ)
Jalil Tajlil Maalek ShoaeiReferring to narrations and assertions has been the most influential faith after Quran in the history of Islam. Scholars and narrators have tried to maintain and reserve narrations and assertions. Arab and Persian poets have enjoyed using these narrations in t MoreReferring to narrations and assertions has been the most influential faith after Quran in the history of Islam. Scholars and narrators have tried to maintain and reserve narrations and assertions. Arab and Persian poets have enjoyed using these narrations in their poetry to increase the eloquence of their works. This has resulted in mutual ties between poetry and Islamic learnings and enrichment of Persian language, literature and culture. Using narrations and assertions not only adds to the eloquence but it also increases the beauty of content and form. Many poets have used them in their works and among them Molawi is a prominent one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Emanation of Ashura and Hosseini revolution in Shiite poetry Formation and evolution era
Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi Houshang OstadiThe present article expresses the historical, political, social, cultural and literal fields in the formation process of Epic poetry with a comparative look. It also surveys the reflection of religious values (province, injustice, jihad, martyrdom, propagation of human MoreThe present article expresses the historical, political, social, cultural and literal fields in the formation process of Epic poetry with a comparative look. It also surveys the reflection of religious values (province, injustice, jihad, martyrdom, propagation of human ideals) in Arabic and Persian literature by offering informative samples; and at the end studies the concepts, verbal and spiritual structures and their literal consequence s and values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - TIME (AGE), WISDOM AND IGNORANCE FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF NASSER KHOSRO QOBADIANI AND AHMAD SHOGHI
Mohammad Goodarzi Mohammad Reza SaakiNasser Khosro Qobadiania Persian poet, philosopher, scholar and atraveler was born in Qubadyan, a village in middle-age Bactria (modern day Balkh and died in Yamagan, a village in Badakhshan province. He is considered as one of the great poets and writers in Persia MoreNasser Khosro Qobadiania Persian poet, philosopher, scholar and atraveler was born in Qubadyan, a village in middle-age Bactria (modern day Balkh and died in Yamagan, a village in Badakhshan province. He is considered as one of the great poets and writers in Persian literature, the Safarnama, an account of his travels, being his most famous work. Ahmad Shoghiwas is the great Arabic Poet-Laureate, an Egyptian poet and dramatist who pioneered the modern Egyptian literary movement, most notably introducing the genre of poetic epics to the Arabic literary tradition. Although Nasser Khosro Qobadiani and Ahmad Shoghi have lived in times and places far away from each other and belong to two different cultures and civilizations, they have very similar themes in their works. The present article compares their works on time (age), wisdom and Ignorance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A comparative study of Nature Description in Ibn-e Rumi and Manoochehri’s Works
Ibrahim Namdari Mohammad Ali Fouladi Narges LorestaniThe environment is the main factor of nature description. Nature description and its manifestation such as gardens, flowers and etc. were waster and wider in Abbasid era rather than Omavid’s. In Abbasid era the civilization and development manifested suddenl MoreThe environment is the main factor of nature description. Nature description and its manifestation such as gardens, flowers and etc. were waster and wider in Abbasid era rather than Omavid’s. In Abbasid era the civilization and development manifested suddenly. Thus the explanation and description had been done with applying metaphors and similes; and this states the Abbasid era’s dreaming. The Persian poetry might be called nature poetry in Manoochehri’s period in which he was of beginners of that kind of poetry. He imitated the Arab poets because he was affected by Arabic literature. Ibn-e Rumi’s poetry is a brilliant and vivid image of gardens and greens. Personification of things in most parts of his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Analysis and Comparison of Factors of Joseph and Zuleika by Nur Mohammad Andalib and Jami
Khojeh Seyyed Seyyed Mohammadi Mohammad Fazeli Reza AshrafzadehThe purpose of comparative literature is to explain the tracks and timelines of different nations' literary relations and links which should be competent for understanding and friendship of other nations by familiarizing the heritage of common thoughts. The present pape MoreThe purpose of comparative literature is to explain the tracks and timelines of different nations' literary relations and links which should be competent for understanding and friendship of other nations by familiarizing the heritage of common thoughts. The present paper studies, surveys and analyzes the components of the novel such as theme, character, landscape and etc. as well as the method of processing of two speakers with different languages and cultures by the aid of analytical – comparative approach and in librarian method. Joseph and Zuleika by Andalib – poet, author and translator of twelfth century – has been compared to the one by Jami – ninth century – to find the similar and opposite aspects of Turkman and Persian stories. The general results of the study are as below: Jami spreads his story by alive and obvious explanations while Andalib brings more proofs of events and incidents. Both narrators are omniscient. The frequency of metaphysical factors are more in Andalib's theme but Jami enjoys more logical and believable patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - IMPRUDENCE AND UNDUE ENVY
Shahriar Hasan Zadeh Robabeh JahanbaniStory of Joseph and Zulcikha is one of the most interesting stories of Quran which has intrigued writers and poets to publish about this story. Khavari is among poets who have boasted their ability to versify this story. On the other hand in order to elaborate on the li MoreStory of Joseph and Zulcikha is one of the most interesting stories of Quran which has intrigued writers and poets to publish about this story. Khavari is among poets who have boasted their ability to versify this story. On the other hand in order to elaborate on the life and character ofJacob Quran has to be the basic source. In a comparison of Khavari 's book with Quran and Almizan it becomes obvious that the poet has referred to Quran and taken into consideration all the historical and ethical details to versify this story. The present article compares and studies the story of Joseph and Zuleikha in three different resources namely Quran, Almizan and Khavaris book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study on Parties’ Interpreters ViewPoint under Verse No. 43 of Muddathir Surah
Alireza Zaki Zadeh Renani Akram BahramianThe present research studies the viewpoints of parties’ interpreters under Verse No. 43 of Muddathir Surah with descriptive – analytical method; the aim is to find out the disagreement origin in order to offer the more appropriate meaning. The common viewpoi MoreThe present research studies the viewpoints of parties’ interpreters under Verse No. 43 of Muddathir Surah with descriptive – analytical method; the aim is to find out the disagreement origin in order to offer the more appropriate meaning. The common viewpoint by Shiite and Sunnite on Verse «قَالُواْ لَمْ نَکُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّین» can be expressed as: nine Shiite and seven Sunnite interpreters interpret it as “leaving obligatory pray”, four Shiite and three Sunnite interpret it as “absolute leaving of pray”. But their views differences divide into leaving specific prays, leaving pray and thanks, pray interruption, Muslims pray leaving, believers’ pray leaving, unfaithfulness and lack of paying attention to rights in specific times. According to the term’s meaning, the origin of the discrepancy could be explained as: some interpreters interpret the verse and some express the paraphrase and some explained the ethical analysis and its part of speech. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparative Study of Noor Verse from Contemporary Interpreters’ Viewpoint
Seyyedeh Ameneh Mir KhatamiOne of Quran Verses which has always been paid attention by Muslim scholars and interpreters is Verse no. 35 of Noor Surah which the name of the Surah is taken from the mentioned Verse. According to complexity of allegories in the mentioned Verse and necessity of more c MoreOne of Quran Verses which has always been paid attention by Muslim scholars and interpreters is Verse no. 35 of Noor Surah which the name of the Surah is taken from the mentioned Verse. According to complexity of allegories in the mentioned Verse and necessity of more contemplation and consideration, much attention paid to this Verse and its interpretations. In this research which is fundamental and librarian documents are applied for it, it is tried to study the interpretation of Verse No. 35 from contemporary interpreters’ viewpoints. “Al Mizan”, “Nemooneh”, “Noor” and “Hedayat” interpretations are some of the selected books by contemporary interpreters which are applied as references for the present article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparative Study of Bachelor Curriculum for Elementary Education in Iran and Selected Asia-Pacific Countries
forough tasdighi Mohammad Javad Liaqhatdar Lotfali AbediThe purpose of the current study was to investigate Bachelor Curriculumfor elementary education in selected Asia-Pacific and to compare it with Iran. So, Brady pattern and descriptive-analytic method were used. The study population comprised presenter universities of th MoreThe purpose of the current study was to investigate Bachelor Curriculumfor elementary education in selected Asia-Pacific and to compare it with Iran. So, Brady pattern and descriptive-analytic method were used. The study population comprised presenter universities of this major in Asia and Pacific and documents related to its curriculum. Due to variety forms of curriculums offered for this degree in different countries, after preliminary review, purposeful sampling method was used and 6 presenter universities of this major were selected from 4 countries. Then, their curriculum was extracted by some tables and content analysis checklists. Thus, raw data were described, coded, compared and analyzed. The obtained results indicated similarity and differences in study program of the investigated countries. Among the most significant was - such as in-person and full-time curriculums, emphasis on promoting professional competencies, and elementary schools content knowledge, and offering required and practicum courses. But, they were different in other aspects, such as: Necessity of IT, manner of presentation and number of credits of practicum courses, offered research credits, and attention to content knowledge and offered additional opportunities. Accordingly, some recommendations were given the course program in Iran, such as: giving more importance to some courses, promoting flexibility of the curriculum, evolution in the manner of presentation of dissertation, seminar and practicum courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Providing a roadmap for technical and vocational secondary school educational system in Iran
zohreh bagherzade Alireza AsarehFocusing on the USA, the UK, Germany, and Japan, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of technical and vocational educational system in such countries to improve the vocational and technical educational system in Iran. This study was a comparative survey. Da MoreFocusing on the USA, the UK, Germany, and Japan, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of technical and vocational educational system in such countries to improve the vocational and technical educational system in Iran. This study was a comparative survey. Data were collected using documentary method and libraries research as well as surfing the related websites as UNESCO and Ministries of Education of the studied countries. The used pattern was George Brady. Based on the findings, improving the quality of educational system, building confidence, promoting the employment efficiency, entrepreneurship, and adopting with the international markets were the determined purpose of such countries in this very field. Developing a national qualifications framework, using an eclectic approach for teacher training, allocating more hours devoted for the internship, communicating teachers with companies, continuing corporation under the supervision of an expert, having evaluation by using a variety of different types (lasting, formative, continuous), considering the emotional factors, professional ethics, and grouping evaluation were highly noticed in these countries.Taking the successful models of developed countries into consideration and applying them in our vocational and technical educational system in our country would provide more occupational chances for graduate students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A comparative study the process of reviewing the universities curricula in Iran and other countries
mohammad Rahmanpour Ahmad-Reza NasrPurpose of this research was comparative study the process of reviewing the curricula in various countries and Iran. for the purpose, was selected 6 Universities of the 5 America, Australia, Canada, China and Turkey countries for comparison with the University of Isfaha MorePurpose of this research was comparative study the process of reviewing the curricula in various countries and Iran. for the purpose, was selected 6 Universities of the 5 America, Australia, Canada, China and Turkey countries for comparison with the University of Isfahan in Iran by targeted sampling method. The study, by George Brady was performed four-stage comparison process into four stages: describe, interpret, neighborhood and comparison. Campus tool of collecting of data, was check list of data sources in relation to primary curriculum review process was different universities at databases was available on each campus. After collecting and Classification information in different tables, interpreted and analyzed. The results showed that the process of reviewing the various universities have similarities and differences in terms of review levels,work process, and members component. also results indicate that the some of universities had novel aspects in reviewing the academic curricula. These aspects were: attention to personal and professional education of students, and presence of students, experts and specialists outside of the university, and the representative of the library in the review board. Manuscript profile -
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19 - بررسی تطبیقی نظام اخلاقی و مبانی اخلاق دینی از دیدگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی و جلال الدین محمد دوانی
شهلا آبیار مهدی دهباشی سید حسین واعظی -
Open Access Article
20 - بررسی تطبیقی نظام اخلاقی و مبانی اخلاق دینی از دیدگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی و جلال الدین محمد دوانی
شهلا آبیار مهدی دهباشی سید حسین واعظی -
Open Access Article
21 - A Comparative Study of Story Elements in Saadee's Golestan and Majd Khafie's Roze Khold
Mostafa Khodayari Zakiyeh DehnamakiSaadee's Golestan is one of the Persian language master pieces written in prose. This work, since its creation till now has been very attractive for Persian speakers considering its content, fluency and style. Throughout the history, many famous poets and authors have t MoreSaadee's Golestan is one of the Persian language master pieces written in prose. This work, since its creation till now has been very attractive for Persian speakers considering its content, fluency and style. Throughout the history, many famous poets and authors have tried to create works like Golestan, but non of them have been to compete seriously with Golestan. Majd Khafie's a famous poet and theosophist of eight centuries is one of the many who when created Roze Khold, joined the group of Golestan imitators and even over pass them. His book is one of the very similar copies of Golestan which is copied from Golestan. In this article, the concepts of story, tale and anecdote are defined and their differences are explained. Later, the authors have compared and contrasted language, style, characters, messages and other elements of stories of Golestan and Majd Khafie's Roze Khold. Through doing a comprehensive comparison and contrast of these two works next to using a documentary and library research, a significant, scientific and research based article is produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparative study of normative ethics theories of contemporary thinkers from the intellectual perspective (Allameh Misbah Yazdi and Dr. Hadi Sadeghi)
shabnam bahrami ali balvardiNormative ethics is a type of ethical studies and investigations, the use of which is to present a reasonable theory about the voluntary actions of humans, and in this field, there are various theories that have fundamental problems, and the existence of these problems MoreNormative ethics is a type of ethical studies and investigations, the use of which is to present a reasonable theory about the voluntary actions of humans, and in this field, there are various theories that have fundamental problems, and the existence of these problems makes it necessary to achieve a distinct and comprehensive theory. Now the ideas of contemporary thinkers are also used in the field of normative ethics. In this research, after a brief reference to the main components and characteristics of contemporary moral theories (Allameh Mohammad Taghi Misbah Yazdi and Dr. Hadi Sadeghi), two viewpoints have been compared. Misbah Yazdi's moral theory is based on "proximity". This theory is based on the real relationship between human action and free will and the real effects resulting from it, which tells about the cause and effect relationships between the action and the result, and according to their combined view, reason determines the general principles of ethics, but for defining and explaining and Determining the examples considers the need for revelation necessary. But in the theory of "Ethical Integrity" attention is paid to the differences and capacities of people and groups in moral affairs, and they make moral recommendations based on their scope and appropriateness. Among the features of this theory, it can be mentioned that it is trans-religious, non-combination, proportionalism, etc. This research is written based on descriptive and analytical method Manuscript profile -
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23 - The comparative of Saadi's Golestan and Magamat of Badia-Al-Zaman Hamadani
Rasoul Ebadi maryam mohammadzadeh Badia-Al-Zaman Hamadani one of the greatest authors in Abbasids age, innovated a new technonogy which is attended by other authors of that age, even by the authors and poets of the next ages. The interest in innovative technology Badia-Al-Zaman not limited to the More Badia-Al-Zaman Hamadani one of the greatest authors in Abbasids age, innovated a new technonogy which is attended by other authors of that age, even by the authors and poets of the next ages. The interest in innovative technology Badia-Al-Zaman not limited to the Arabic language but some of the authors and poets in other languages follows him and wrote valuable works Including Saadi's Golestan book. Saadi influenced in compiling this book from the Arabic Magamat, to the point that some critics consider the introduction of Golestan in a composed way it's a perfect Maqameh. This article seeks to adapt to the Sa'di's Golestan into Magamat Badia-Al-Zaman compare the similarities and differences between them and to clearly express. Based on the results obtained, Shared cases between Magamat and Saadi's Golestan are twelve and difference cases are seven. Thus, with regard to cases more common than differences, Saadi follow style of Magamat, but this influence is not merely imitating Saadi in Golestan genius is clearly visible. Manuscript profile -
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24 - بررسی تطبیقی دیدگاه تربیتی جلال الدین محمد بلخی و مارتین هایدگر
فاطمه رحمنی جواد طاهری -
Open Access Article
25 - بررسی تطبیقی توزیع فضایی خدمات عمومی شهری از منظر عدالت اجتماعی (نمونه موردی: شهر کاشان)
بختیار عزت پناه -
Open Access Article
26 - A comparative study of development material culture between Europe & Iran in the Safavied period
alireza karimiThe development has always been a point of interest for people, especially in recent history. The historical review of the concept of development has been one of the approaches those interested in the issue of the causes of underdevelopment. We have also pay atten MoreThe development has always been a point of interest for people, especially in recent history. The historical review of the concept of development has been one of the approaches those interested in the issue of the causes of underdevelopment. We have also pay attention to it with this approach and analytical method and we have tried to answer to some of questions about the causes of undevelopment In the field of trade in Iran. Progress and development in every country there have had total cultural immersion with the culture of development. The safavids in Iran came to power coincided with the start of development in Europe and they were attempts to revive the ancient Iranian authority. The safavids welcomed political and military reasons from arrival of Europeans in Iran. But the Safavids never used from this opportunity for to know the material culture of develop in Europe. Iranians did not follow Europeans in the field of trade and its industries such as waterways and land roads, money, navigation, freedom of trade and commercial corporations. Safavids Despite extensive relations established with Europe and Europeans, they did not adopt No element of material culture of development in Europe .In this article we have tried to review the material culture development in Europe and to compare that with the situation of Iran in the Safavids period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Comparative Study of Nullity Theory of Moghareseh Contract
Moein Farzaneh Ali TavalaeiContracts related to the agricultural sector in Islamic Jurisprudence allocate considerable part of the juridical issues. Identifying different kinds of contracts related to the ground to obtain the product, checking the legitimacy of the principles of the contracts and MoreContracts related to the agricultural sector in Islamic Jurisprudence allocate considerable part of the juridical issues. Identifying different kinds of contracts related to the ground to obtain the product, checking the legitimacy of the principles of the contracts and specifying its bases and influences are essential prerequisites to ordain favorable rules in the Islamic societies and especially in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also different contracts about agriculture and injecting them to the banking system will motivate people to increase their activity in this section. One of the contracts is Mogharasah which in the viewpoint of most Shiite and Sunni scholars from the past till now is invalid. Shiite scholars know that invalid because it is Toghifi and Qarar. Sunni scholars know it as one of the certain contracts such as Bey and Ejare and invalid Mosaqat. In this comparative study on the contract and determining its nature and its different forms, we will examine the reasons that show it invalid. The result of the study is that Mogharaseh is an independent contract that would be legitimate by observing general rules of contracts. Also legitimization of this contract by Bey and Ejare and Solh is valid. Manuscript profile -
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28 - A comparative study of the process of legislation the constitution in the Constitutional Revolution of Iran and the Great French Revolution
Ghasem GharibThe autocratic regimes of France and Iran respectively in 1789 and 1906 changed to the constitutional governments. The revolutionaries in both countries demanded the imposition of unlimited powers of the king and the establishment of parliament. The establishment of a p MoreThe autocratic regimes of France and Iran respectively in 1789 and 1906 changed to the constitutional governments. The revolutionaries in both countries demanded the imposition of unlimited powers of the king and the establishment of parliament. The establishment of a parliament in the structure of both the governments of Iran and France led to constitutional legislation. The present study seeks to make a comparative study of the process of legislation of constitutional constitution during the two Iranian and French revolutions. In each revolution, the process of legislation the constitution is carried out by the constituent assembly. The drafters of the constitution, the sources of adaptation of the laws, the spectrum opposed to the proposed constitution and finally the role played by the revolutionaries and people's actions are four important factors that affect the constitution. In the present article, the four factors mentioned compared in the two constitutional revolutions of Iran and France. The comparison result showed that In France, unlike Iran, the constituent editors represented a distinct social class and in their adopted laws the class interests of the makers were clearly achievable. The main source of the constitution of Iran was the translation of the laws of the western countries but the constituent assembly in France, in addition to the adoption of the laws of other countries, adopted most of its laws based on the needs and conditions of the French community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A Comparative Study of Individual Ethics and Country Administration Teachings of Qabus nameh and Siyāsatnāmeh
Hosein ArianDidactic literature has a long history in Iranian literature. The purpose of didactic works is to educate and train the ethical issues and matters to promote the morality of the audience. Qaboos nameh written by Onsor al-Maali and Siyāsatnāmeh by Khawaja Nizam al-Molk T MoreDidactic literature has a long history in Iranian literature. The purpose of didactic works is to educate and train the ethical issues and matters to promote the morality of the audience. Qaboos nameh written by Onsor al-Maali and Siyāsatnāmeh by Khawaja Nizam al-Molk Tusi respectively, both belong to the fifth century AH, are part of the didactic literature. With its comparative approach, this article tries to analyse the educational teachings of both texts in two fields, i.e. the field of teachings politics and governing, and the field of the individual ethics. The study intends to answer the question of whether there is a difference between these teachings in both of these literary. The result shows that while not neglecting the teachings of politics and civilization, Qaboos nameh focuses more on the teachings of individual ethics. In contrast, Siyāsatnāmeh places more emphasis on the author's purpose in dealing with the politics and governing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Comparative study on medium-time 5 year municipal plans, Case study: Qom and Johannesburg metropolises
mohsen askari mahmood rahimiTheoretical analysis and measuring capability of urban planning systems in various countries with comparative research methods, have good outcomes for cities. The goal of this study is to analyze the structure of forming and the content of five years of municipality&rsq MoreTheoretical analysis and measuring capability of urban planning systems in various countries with comparative research methods, have good outcomes for cities. The goal of this study is to analyze the structure of forming and the content of five years of municipality’s plans in Iran and other countries with same usage of these plans. The methodology of research is based on process-oriented evaluation and also studying application basis of these plans with each other. This study has used mentioned approaches and with review of main and supplementary approved plans, focuses on five year municipal plans of the Qom metropolis in Iran and integrated development plan of Johannesburg (IDP) in South Africa as a case study. The finding of this study indicated the qualitative distance between these two kinds of the planning system in Iran with an African country which has unique characters like urban poor’s. Integration of urban plans and urban management system, having a simultaneous view to quantity indexes and quality of plans with Performance management system are the most important advantages of Johannesburg to Qom metropolis in this area of medium-time planning. Furthermore, weakness of content in comparison with structure form of plans is Sensible in Iranian case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Comparative Study of Spending Leisure Time among the Youth in Somaesara City (A case study: boy and girl students at high school level)
akbar motamedimehr maryam vaghef koodehiOne of the most important aspects of human life that has gained special value and attention in human societies is leisure time. So, there should be a systematic and principled planning for the youth that are the fundamental and primary capitals in each society. Regardin MoreOne of the most important aspects of human life that has gained special value and attention in human societies is leisure time. So, there should be a systematic and principled planning for the youth that are the fundamental and primary capitals in each society. Regarding the significance of leisure and its potentially cultural and social advantages to the youth, especially young students, the present research has been conducted to study leisure time comparatively among boy and girl students at high school level in Somaesara. Since the research is conducted to study the present situation, the method used is descriptive-analytic through field study. The subjects of study are boy and girl students at high school level in 88-89 educational year. Data collection is done through researcher-made questionnaire. Based on random sampling, 360students are selected according to Morgan table. To analyze the data and explore the results, hypothesis testing is employed through inferential-descriptive statistics by the help of SPSS and EXCEL softwares. Based on the results reached, there is a significant difference among boy and girl students in their leisure time. This difference gets highlighted in summer. Similarly, the dire shortage of leisure facilities in Somaesara proven by the students’ needs and desires indicates that there is a no relation between the needs and leisure time creation. One hypothesis is proven with significance level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Mithraism and Yazidism: A Comparative Study
مصطفی دماوندی سامان رحمان زادهYazidism is an ethnic religion in Kurdistan of Iraq which is influenced by other religions especially Mithraism. The main question of present article is on what parts Mithraism has left impression of Yazidism. Based on the predictive method and researches of scholars, t MoreYazidism is an ethnic religion in Kurdistan of Iraq which is influenced by other religions especially Mithraism. The main question of present article is on what parts Mithraism has left impression of Yazidism. Based on the predictive method and researches of scholars, the similarities of two religions are discussed, and yet it seems necessary to investigate more about their history and geographical distributions. Close scrutiny shows more similarities in their rites (prayer, fasting and pilgrimage), beliefs (mysticism, seven hierarchies of mystic journey, trinity of gods and the role of the Satan), myths (the birth of Mithra and Yazid-ibn-Mosafer, totems like rooster, cow, snake, dog and scorpion) and ceremonies (Mehrgan festival, the birth of Mithra, Feast of the Assembly). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - A Comparative Study of the Novel " The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange " and " The Memories of the Body " Based on Jacques Lacan's Theory
Faezeh Arab Yussef Abadi Tayyebeh Koochek Zehi Sorayya Issa ZaeeAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of bot MoreAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of both authors in mixing love and saga. The aim of this research is to draw a comparison between these two works in an attempt to portray the unity of contemporary human demands and the consistency of life issues in the present era. To this purpose, a descriptive analytical method along with library method have been adopted. The objective of the present research is to explore the main characters of these two novels from a psychoanalytical perspective based on American school of comparative literature and Jacqueline Lacan's three psychoanalytic orders. The results suggest that the process of emotional development of the main character in both works follows three stages. The imaginary stage starts in the pre-war era, which is manifested in the form of love for mother and maternal archetype of the motherland that are interwoven. Following the war and martyrdom of the loved ones, they are brought into symbolic stage. In adulthood, these issues arouse a feeling of loss and endless desire, which is partially healed by displaying love to a woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - بررسی تطبیقی اندیشههای تربیتی و اخلاقی ژان ژاک روسو و یوهان فردریک هربارت
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