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Open Access Article
1 - A study of management styles in Ferdowsi Shahnameh
Alireza Ghonchei Rahman Ghaffari Masoud AhmadiBackground: The emergence of management styles based on world literature, goals, performance and effectiveness of human resources has undergone many changes. Management is a very important factor in the management of organizational behavior in the organization due to th MoreBackground: The emergence of management styles based on world literature, goals, performance and effectiveness of human resources has undergone many changes. Management is a very important factor in the management of organizational behavior in the organization due to the role it plays in individual and group effectiveness. Objective: Types of management are specific ways of making decisions in matters under control. Different forms of management can change depending on factors such as community culture, the task expected of the job, differences in the workforce, and the personality and abilities of leaders. Methods: The research method is qualitative analysis method (content analysis) and descriptive-analytical research projects with applied nature have been collected based on library research. One of the innovations of this research was looking at the management aspect in Shahnameh. Findings: In the study process, it was shown that role-playing management style, successful management style, patriarchal or exploitative / authoritarian management style, supportive and participatory management style, contingent management and motivation styles and situational management style in Shahnameh are very It was more evident than other styles. Conclusion: Ferdowsi has used the concepts of control culture, organizational design, motivation, decision making according to time and place. Manuscript profile -
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2 - Comparative Linguistic Stylistics in Rostam’s Combat with Ashkbous in Shahnamaeh and Amroas’s Combat with Imam Ali in Ali Nameh
Farshad Eskandari Sharafi Hossein Sahragard hasan heidaryAli Nameh is the first religious epic in Persian literature traced back to fifth A.H. The composer of this versified story is a Shia poet alias to Rabi’e who has composed the descriptions of Imam Ali’s combats, especially his combats in Jamal and Sefein, ver MoreAli Nameh is the first religious epic in Persian literature traced back to fifth A.H. The composer of this versified story is a Shia poet alias to Rabi’e who has composed the descriptions of Imam Ali’s combats, especially his combats in Jamal and Sefein, versus Shahnameh. Applying a descriptive-analytical method and library references, the present paper aims to determine the influence level of this less known religious epic from the stylistic elements of Shahnameh linguistically. This is a comparative study; therefore, at first, we have chosen two stories from Shahnameh, “Rostam’s combat with Ashkbous” and “Amroas’s combat with Imam Ali” and Ali Nameh composed by Rabi’e. The stories were compared and contrasted phonologically, morphologically and syntactically in order to figure out their common and distinct features linguistically. The findings reveal that although Ali Nameh has been composed against Shahnameh 70 years after that, it is highly affected by Shahnameh in term of linguistic styles. In fact, Ali Nameh includes a majority of phonological, morphological and syntactic features of Shahnameh and its Khorasani style. The high level of influence from Shahnameh proves that Shahnameh has always been considered as an indicator and stylist work which has inspired other epic poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of contrasts in five selected stories from the historical part of Shahnameh (Bahram Gour, Khosrow Anoshirvan, Yazdgerd III, Ardeshir Babakan, Bahman) based on the contrast approach of Louis Strauss
Zahra IranmaneshIn this article, we have examined the contrasts in five selected stories from the historical part of Shahnameh (Bahram Gour, the reign of Khosrow Anoshirvan, Yazdgerd III, Ardeshir Babkan, Bahman) based on the contrast approach of Louis Strauss. The research method is l MoreIn this article, we have examined the contrasts in five selected stories from the historical part of Shahnameh (Bahram Gour, the reign of Khosrow Anoshirvan, Yazdgerd III, Ardeshir Babkan, Bahman) based on the contrast approach of Louis Strauss. The research method is library and based on document research and its type is analytical-descriptive. The study of confrontation in the studied stories shows that the element of confrontation in these stories is very prominent and bold, and in fact the plot of each of these historical stories is based on confrontation. The type of confrontation in these stories, due to their historical nature, is mainly the type of confrontation of human characters. There are other confrontations besides the confrontation between human characters in these stories, among which we can see the confrontation of ideologies, justice and oppression, moral virtues and vices, the confrontation of human traits such as warfare and courage with weakness and incapacity, racial and ethnic confrontation and things like that were mentioned.In general, although the selected stories are historical stories, the components of Levi-Strauss's approach and theory can be seen in them, and the motivation of these characters for confrontation is only the motivations mentioned in the books. It is not historical, but ideals and goals, as well as their personality type and psychological characteristics, have a direct impact on these confrontations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Women’s portrait in Myth and History According to Shahnameh and Beyhaghi’s history
hadi Khdivar rahele Ensafi soroor -
Open Access Article
5 - The Study of Allegorical Poems of Mehdi AkhavanSaless in His The Winter and The End of Shahnameh
Seyyed Ahmad HosseiniKazerouni Yaghoub KianiShahvandi -
Open Access Article
6 - “The critique of diversity of characters in poetic collections of “winter”, “End of Shahnameh”, and “From this Avesta” by Akhavan Sales”
Shirzad Tayefi The artists express their paradigms and ideals within the framework of their artistic works. Diversity of characters and their quality and reason may play important role in conveying artist’s message to the audience since juxtaposition of different an More The artists express their paradigms and ideals within the framework of their artistic works. Diversity of characters and their quality and reason may play important role in conveying artist’s message to the audience since juxtaposition of different and sometimes opposite personality and individual traits can cause them to become more prominent with more influence. We have criticized diversity of characters in poetic collections of ‘Winter’, ‘The end of Shahnameh’, and ‘From this Avesta’ written by Mehdi Akhavan Sales in two content and structural fields using inductive- analytical method. The research achievement denotes that in representation of characters, especially the main characters Akhavan Sales puts them versus completely different characters and also sometimes he shows a character in various dimensions. Using such diversity, the poet looks for conveying direct and symbolic messages, interpreting poetic and social mission, expressing micro and macro ideals, and finally restating quality and reason for classification of paradigms. In addition to opening new windows toward audience of artistic work, study on such fields may familiarize him/her with viewpoints of poet’s doctrines and it can be an entry for recognition of some of elements of culture and art and doctrine of community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Prayer and blessing in the Shahnameh
Shamsolhajiyeh ArdalaniA condition for prayers to be accepted is to know god and to give attention to prayers. Therefore prayer is the beginning of the way and not the end of it. Any sort of attention to god and any sort of heartily connection with divine spirit is considered as pray and wors MoreA condition for prayers to be accepted is to know god and to give attention to prayers. Therefore prayer is the beginning of the way and not the end of it. Any sort of attention to god and any sort of heartily connection with divine spirit is considered as pray and worship. The strongest connection between human and their creator is in the prayer. Fervent prayer in the Persian literature is in the category of lyrical literature and originates from feelings and sentiments. Ferdowsi utilizes benediction instead of fervent prayer more than other poets. In hardship, characters of the Shahnameh after purification, beg to God for their problems to be solved. They sometime find private connection with God without thinking to their own wills. This research is an investigation in the Shahnameh with respect to prayers and with the aim of obtaining knowledge on Shahname’s theism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The position of five formalist preparations in cultivating the narrative form of the mythological part of Shahnameh
mitra bighami maryam jafari Gholam Abbas zakeriThe seldom formal study of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh reveals new dimensions about the mechanism of formation of this great work. Formalists were not the discoverers of literary devices and crafts, but showed their original, pivotal and constructive influences in great works. MoreThe seldom formal study of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh reveals new dimensions about the mechanism of formation of this great work. Formalists were not the discoverers of literary devices and crafts, but showed their original, pivotal and constructive influences in great works. Shahnameh is a good arena for tracing these industries and is basically relying on formalistic arrangements that make it unmatched by its competitors in the epic genre. In the first part or the myths of Shahnameh, the use of many formalist industries can be seen as in other parts, but due to the importance of the origin, narrative and basis of this part, some formalist arrangements have been used by Ferdowsi in constructing its narrative. Have been. The present article has analyzed and identified five formalistic indicators used in the narration of this part of Shahnameh by descriptive-analytical method. The result indicates that the emphatic use of the capacity of symbols, the use of current constraints to create single propositions with high literature, the use of de-familiarization and accentuation in proportion to the strangeness of the mythical space, the high frequency of metaphor and The irony and finally the characterization of the narrative, which indicates the independence of relations in the mythical atmosphere, are among the most important factors that consolidate the narrative of the first part of the Shahnameh and create the necessary charm to make the audience loyal to follow the story. Manuscript profile -
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9 - تقابل ها درشاهنامه بارویکرد نظریۀ لویی استروس(بهمن،اردشیربابکان،بهرام گور،انوشیروان، یزدگرد)
مریم علوی پروین دخت مشهور محمد فاضلی محمد دلپسند -
Open Access Article
10 - Explaining The Position 0f Women in the Marriage Narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi, Based on the Intertextual Analysis of Text and Image
Shohreh Doosti Farzaneh Farrokhfar Arman YaghubpourThe aim of this study was to explain the position of women in the marriage narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi based on the intertextual analysis of text and images in Iran. The present study statistical universe included all the drawings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh. The sample MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the position of women in the marriage narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi based on the intertextual analysis of text and images in Iran. The present study statistical universe included all the drawings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh. The sample subsumed 29 images in all of which women have an important and key role. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The data collecting method was through library documentary, observation and reviewing the intertextual drawings and analyzing the visual elements in the selected works. Data were analyzed using interdisciplinary studies and content analysis methods. The results showed that the position of women in Shahnameh marriage narrations were rooted in the mythological beliefs of Iranians and in this regard, had a special validity. Due to the mythological structure of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, fidelity and adherence to the principles of the original texts was quite clear. However, in the depiction of the paintings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh, there were obvious differences with the text, the source of which was the culture of the Safavid society and the beliefs of the patriarchal society of that period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - سبکشناسی نشانهها در مجموعۀ شعر «آخر شاهنامه» از اخوان ثالث
سارا شفیع زاده گروسی -
Open Access Article
12 - .
داریوش نظری -
Open Access Article
13 - The Historical Escape of Shahnameh and Haft Peykar with Ethical and Educational Approaches in the Story of Bahram V
Mansoureh ShahriyariMost of the literary heroes, including those of poetic, epic, dramatic, and didactic nature, are products of historical figures. One of these characters is Bahram Gur, whose reign has been adorned with mythical embellishments in literary sources. He is counted among the MoreMost of the literary heroes, including those of poetic, epic, dramatic, and didactic nature, are products of historical figures. One of these characters is Bahram Gur, whose reign has been adorned with mythical embellishments in literary sources. He is counted among the Sassanian kings and has garnered attention and popularity from historians, writers, artists, and more. This research takes a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library sources, to examine the portrayal of this character in both historical and literary domains. The stories related to Bahram Gur in historical and literary sources have been expressed with notable distinctions, yet they all share a common goal, which is the education of society. The aim of this research is to answer the question of how storytelling has been utilized as a tool for education. To elucidate this matter, we first delve into the perspectives of historians regarding this character and then analyze Bahram's portrayal in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Nezami's Haft Peykar. The findings indicate that, despite focusing on a single character in this research, different perspectives and analyses have been presented. When we approach historical texts from a literary standpoint, employing elements of emotion and imagination, the sole purpose is no longer mere description of facts. As Ferdowsi and Nezami have demonstrated in their depictions of Bahram's character, they have created didactic narratives with historical escapades. Manuscript profile -
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14 - Analysis of the moral and educational actions of Ketayun and Homa in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, based on Maslow's theory of self-actualization.
Afsaneh Rakhshani Hamid Tabasi حبیب الله جدید الاسلامیIn Maslow's moral theory of self-actualization, some good and desirable traits are presented as superior moral models for the formation of an ideal and ideal life that potentially exists in all people. It is one of the notable literary topics that has been discusse MoreIn Maslow's moral theory of self-actualization, some good and desirable traits are presented as superior moral models for the formation of an ideal and ideal life that potentially exists in all people. It is one of the notable literary topics that has been discussed in several researches and according to Maslow's theory of self-actualization, the superior moral and educational models of two women from the family in the poems of the Shahnameh, which is the document and cultural and historical achievement of the Iranian nation. In the moral pyramid of this theory, it is identified and analyzed. This research, rShahnameh, the instructive actions of some women in the events are among the unique and influential factors, which is one of the main needs in the strength of the family foundation, and with Today's theories, especially Maslow's theory, are consistent; For example, as we can see in the character of Ketaion, the daughter of the Roman emperor, she has a creative and constructive role in various events and is a clear example of forgiveness, sacrifice and love, who is loyal to her husband, not tied to gold and silver. belonging to the world; Also, the moral presence of a woman in the execution of the great cause of justice and generosity can The mentioned characteristics are the main elements of Maslow's pyramid of moral self-actualization, which has caused the emergence of moral and educational meaning-making flows in the field of Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Moral and didactic themes in the animations of Shahname's stories
Azam Baramaki Gholam Ali Fallah -
Open Access Article
16 - The Relationship between Mythology and Mysticism: Suhrawardī’s Mystical Account from Shāhnāmeh
Elyās NourāyīMythical characters and elements can be seen in Suhrawardī works, a famous Iranian philosopher and Sufi who has been interested in ancient “Persian wisdom tradition” (Hekmat). He has interpreted mythical characters like Simorq, Zal, Rostam and Esfandiyar fro MoreMythical characters and elements can be seen in Suhrawardī works, a famous Iranian philosopher and Sufi who has been interested in ancient “Persian wisdom tradition” (Hekmat). He has interpreted mythical characters like Simorq, Zal, Rostam and Esfandiyar from a philosophical and mystical point of view. He believes that such characters are symbol ofa philosophical or mystical facts. In this research, we study these mystical characters in the works of Suhrawardī to show the relationship of Farre or Khvarenah (a divine mystical force or power) with Muhammadian Reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Shahnameh Amin is a contemporary of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
zahra GanbarAli Bageni Shahin ojaqh AlizadShahnameh has long been welcomed as an epic masterpiece by many poets and writers, and the most unique, selected, and translated works of this work are remembered. In contemporary times, Professor Seyyed Hassan Amin, by recreating the Shahnameh in seven volumes that has MoreShahnameh has long been welcomed as an epic masterpiece by many poets and writers, and the most unique, selected, and translated works of this work are remembered. In contemporary times, Professor Seyyed Hassan Amin, by recreating the Shahnameh in seven volumes that has lasted for thirty years, has depicted one of the lasting examples of contemporary history. The purpose of this article is to study the features of imitation in Amin’s Shahnameh based on Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Because this analogy, in addition to the similarities with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the author has written articles to complete the historical sections of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. This research has introduced and how to tell an analogy in three historical, heroic and religious foundations with an analytical-descriptive method. Findings show that Amin’s Shahnameh is an adaptation of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh to the modern version that both authors have spent thirty years for that time. With the difference that in Amin;s Shahnameh has continued the history after Islam until the history of the contemporary period in the style of Ferdowsi. Also, Professor Amin in this Shahnameh believes that Ferdowsi did not deal with the documentary history of ancient Iran in the Shahnameh. According to the studies, what Ferdowsi did from the point of view of the story was the same date. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - معاصرسازی اسطورۀ آرش، مبتنی بر فیزیک مدرن
فردوس حاجیان -
Open Access Article
19 - Izad Bahram from Religious Narrative to National Epic ( The Case study of the Avesta and the Shahnameh )
Ziba EsmailiAbstract zad Bahram, a great and powerful Izad in Mazd Yasna is the ancient and most loved Izad among the Arians who is manifested in ten bodies in the Avesta. Although it has profound presence in religious narratives an MoreAbstract zad Bahram, a great and powerful Izad in Mazd Yasna is the ancient and most loved Izad among the Arians who is manifested in ten bodies in the Avesta. Although it has profound presence in religious narratives and public acceptance among people, it doesn't have sensible appearance in national epics. It has been tried, in this article – in a descriptive-analytic method, to deal with the matter how Izad Bahram appears in religious narratives ( based on the Avesta ) and national narratives ( based on the Ferdowsi epics ) . The results of the survey show that Izad Bahram manifests itself in the body of an ewe and the bird of varghan. Because of the mixture of varghan and the Simorgh myth in the Shahnameh, the latter replaces the former in that book. The specific characteristics of the varghan feather in which Izad Bahram has reincarnated, is its blessedness and wonderful power in healing the wounds, prognostigation of being aware of the secrets of creation in relation to Izadi stance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Literary Analysis of Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Disorders in Fereydoun
Zeinab Baghery Mohammad Ali Davoodabady Ali Sarvar Ya'ghoobi Abstract Fereydoun's grief at the death of his son, Iraj, was more than the grief of an ordinary grief-stricken man. Depression caused by the death of his son was harder than he could tolerate it with awareness. Fereydoun suddenly lost his sight and became blin More Abstract Fereydoun's grief at the death of his son, Iraj, was more than the grief of an ordinary grief-stricken man. Depression caused by the death of his son was harder than he could tolerate it with awareness. Fereydoun suddenly lost his sight and became blind. This article aims at the analytical method based on scientific theories of psychiatry to explain and justify psychosomatic disorder of Fereydoun in the Shahnameh. Psychiatrists believe that after stressful experience it is possible to appear disruptions in the body system that occurs quite suddenly. And on the bases of medical science cannot be justified. Psychosomatic disorders are often seen after bitter experience without physical apparent reason which appears in the form of physical symptoms. Identifying an organic cause is difficult to express one's illness or sometimes impossible cause to be affected by a part of the body. Sometimes unpleasant condition makes that part of the body affected is no longer able to perform its normal activities and those parts of the body react with dysfunction and becomes the same thing that happened to Fereydoun in the death of Iraj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Studying the Banquet Instruments and Ceremonies in the Shahnameh
Fatemeh Sharafi Syed Ali Akbar Shari'ati Far Ali Eshghi SardehiAbstract Present research is to investigate the banquet instruments and ceremonies in the Shahnameh. From this viewpoint – having extended the thematical space of the subject – will deal with the banquet instruments and MoreAbstract Present research is to investigate the banquet instruments and ceremonies in the Shahnameh. From this viewpoint – having extended the thematical space of the subject – will deal with the banquet instruments and ceremonies. In accord with the present documentary of this research, its method is descriptive – analytical and is based on the literary studies. The findings of this research show that in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi which has been narrated about the wars and struggles of the heroes that the readers encounter with the frequency of rites and warfares; secondly, Ferdowsi has created his epical stories by using his art of fights and rites in the best way which are unique among the contemporary poets. The last point is that the music in the banquet is of low frequency comparing with war musical instruments; Anyhow one can see both in every event of the Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Studying the Identity of Women in the Shahnameh of Ferdosi with Feministic Approach of Simone De Beauvoir
Maryam Saeed Ali Eshghi Sardehi Eshghi Sardehi Seyyed Ali Akbar Shariati Far Saeed RoozbehaniThe Shahnameh, the valuable masterpiece of Ferdosi, is the reflection of cultural values and national identity of Iran, in which women play different roles in different sections of life based on their feministic identity. Simone de Beauvoir, the French feminist writer i MoreThe Shahnameh, the valuable masterpiece of Ferdosi, is the reflection of cultural values and national identity of Iran, in which women play different roles in different sections of life based on their feministic identity. Simone de Beauvoir, the French feminist writer in the 70th decade, in her book, “The Second Gender” considers the women in the same rank of men in thinking and learning capabilities which should not be judged merely based on their feministic power. The aim of this research is to study Ferdosi’s view on the women in the Shahnameh and its analysis with Simone de Beauvoir’s point of view.It is done in descriptive analytic and comparative method and shows that she considers the women society as the second gender who must put aside the role of being wife and mother to be able to compete with men. The sensible examples of these are the humiliation of women against men which makes them unreliable: the nature which De Beauvoir thoroughly rejects and criticizes it, but they are seen in Ferdosi’s poetry. Some of Ferdosi’s verses consider women as without sagacity and second gender so that they shouldn’t be consulted with. Ferdosi’s poetry indicates patriarchal and cultural system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Studying the Characteristics of Rostam Farrokhzad's Tragic Story in The Gadesiyyeh battle Based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
Narges Asghari Govar Ali RamazaniAbstract We've tried, in this article, to study the Gadesiyyeh battle in the Shahnameh which is different from what is narrated in the " Tarikhe Tabari " and the " Tarikhe Ya'goobi ". Ferdowsi narrates the event in a patriotic MoreAbstract We've tried, in this article, to study the Gadesiyyeh battle in the Shahnameh which is different from what is narrated in the " Tarikhe Tabari " and the " Tarikhe Ya'goobi ". Ferdowsi narrates the event in a patriotic and epic way. So, the tragic events like the forecasting, the role of fate, the element of character, conflict and ultimately the tragedy are observable in the story. By descriptive-analytic method, we can conclude that Ferdowsi has endowed a tragic aspect to the theme of Gadesiyyeh battle and it is the last tragedy composed in the Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Studying the Visage of the world in " The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi " Based on the Propagandistic Literature
Mehraneh Gholami Davoodi Ebrahim ebrahimtabarAbstract The Shahnameh is considered of the Persian didactic masterpieces and by studying it, one becomes acquainted with the geography, history, philosophy, literature, religion, culture of the ancient land of Iran. Having th MoreAbstract The Shahnameh is considered of the Persian didactic masterpieces and by studying it, one becomes acquainted with the geography, history, philosophy, literature, religion, culture of the ancient land of Iran. Having thorough knowledge in all affairs, its composer manifests the different aspects of epic, lyric, and didactic literature. Surveying its values from different dimensions, makes us understand its greatness and glory. The master of the ethics has provided comprehensive teachings and learning in regard to the rich culture of Iran and teachings of pure Islamic religion. We have tried, in this article, to study and recover the world image and by analyzing the context based on the propagandistic literature in the Shahnameh to show how the poet has propagated his religious tenets. It can be concluded that Ferdowsi has thorough belief in Islamic tenets and in an artistic way promulgates this blessed religion. Manuscript profile -
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25 - Feridun's Kingdom Realm Division in the Shahnameh Emotive and Passional or Logical and intellectual
Khodaverdi AbbaszadehAbstract The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is not empty of well-known and competent when; a time when they had colorful impact on the political and social vicissitudes of their country. Of the influential and eloquent women in t MoreAbstract The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is not empty of well-known and competent when; a time when they had colorful impact on the political and social vicissitudes of their country. Of the influential and eloquent women in the Shahnameh is Arnawaz, Iraj's mother and Feridun's wife who has rarely been mentioned in the books and essays on her effective abilities. Although Feridun recounts the reasons for Iran's division and its allocation to Iraj, there remains an exquisite and untold point in the problem and that is the influential reasoning of Arnawaz on Feridun. The writer of this article tries to deal with her eloquence in the division of Feridun's kingdom in an analytical way. Manuscript profile -
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26 - The Comparison of Two Mystical Characters in The Shahnameh and The Mahabaharata.
Safiyeh Mousavi Fatemeh ModarresiAbstract In the religious books of The Avesta and The Mahabaharata which are the tenet books of the Iranians and The Indians, there are numerous common narratives and names which indicate the common beliefs of the two nations MoreAbstract In the religious books of The Avesta and The Mahabaharata which are the tenet books of the Iranians and The Indians, there are numerous common narratives and names which indicate the common beliefs of the two nations thousands of years ago. The two well-known aforementioned books have similarities in cultural, national and religious differences in these well-bred nations. We can see lots of national, mystical, and religious characters in these two books. One of them is Kaykhosrow in the Shahnameh whose fate and ethical and mystical features are comparable with Sakdeev in the Mahabaharata. The few differences in these two stories are related to their mothers' characters and the way they were born. The other difference is that Kaykhosrow travels together with his friends while Sakdeev does it alone. In the Persian story all the friends and people ask him not to go to this travel but in Sakdeev only his father bewares him . At the same time their mothers have a little different characteristics. We will study the common and different points of these two mystics in detail in this paper. Manuscript profile -
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27 - Adaptation of allegorical and symbolic concepts of cow in epic, lyrical and mystical works
hamid ayaz Reza KeshtgarThe target of research has been written by library method and analytical-comparative method and its aim is to study the symbolic And allegorical concepts of cow in epic, lyrical and mystical works (based on Ferdowsi'sShahnameh, Nezami’s Khamseh (The Quintuplet) and Rumi MoreThe target of research has been written by library method and analytical-comparative method and its aim is to study the symbolic And allegorical concepts of cow in epic, lyrical and mystical works (based on Ferdowsi'sShahnameh, Nezami’s Khamseh (The Quintuplet) and Rumi's Masnavi) and wants to answer these questions: What is the attitude towards cows in Avesta and Pahlavi texts? In what symbolic and allegorical terms is cow used in each of the studied works? Is there a correspondence between the symbolic and allegorical concept of cow in the studied works? Which concept has an epic theme, which one has a lyrical theme and which one has a mystical theme Manuscript profile -
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28 - checking Character of Sudabeh with Marvin Zuckerman's Excitement Theory
vajihe torkamani barandooziThe study of Sudabeh’s character according to Marvin Zuckerman’s theory of sensation seeking *Vajihe Torkamani Barandoozi Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Iran Date of reception: 97/1/2 Date of acceptance: 97/12/15 A MoreThe study of Sudabeh’s character according to Marvin Zuckerman’s theory of sensation seeking *Vajihe Torkamani Barandoozi Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Iran Date of reception: 97/1/2 Date of acceptance: 97/12/15 Abstract One of the unique characteristics of shahnameh is that it reflects and portrays masterfully moral and psychological characteristic of man in every period. Considering the enormous potentials it offers for investigation employing different contemporary scientific views and theories, it is the purpose of this article to apply Zuckermna’s theory to Sudabeh’s character. Due to the structure and dynamic theme Sudabeh’s tale has, it lends itself to the psychological analysis the results of which could be served to control the reactions arising from the sensation seeking desires of man today. Sensation seeking is a theory proposed by Marvin Zuckerman, the contemporary psychologist. This theory consists of several fundamental characteristics which determines man’s essence. Looking at Sudabeh’s character through the lens of this theory indicate that every four parameters Zuchkerman proposes are present in her indecent actions and behaviors. She is adventurous, self-centered, challenging in seeking a partner in Hamavaran; she is in pursuit of new sensational experience, avoids monotony, and indulges in reckless behavior prohibited in the court of Iran’s king. * . torkamani.vajihe@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
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29 - The study of mythological similes in describing nature manifestation in Khorasani and Eraqi style
mohammad Khoshkab Ali Eshghi Abolgasem Amir ahmadiThe study of mythological similes in describing nature manifestation in Khorasani and Eraqi style *Mohammad Khoshkab PhD student, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran **Ali Eshghi Sardehi Associate Professor, Persian Literature, MoreThe study of mythological similes in describing nature manifestation in Khorasani and Eraqi style *Mohammad Khoshkab PhD student, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran **Ali Eshghi Sardehi Associate Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran ***Abolghasem Amir Ahmadi Associate Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran Date of reception: 97/2/28 Date of acceptance: 97/7/2 Abstract There are few literary works which had not benefited from the treasury of Shahnameh. Among the many reasons why Shahnameh is being consulted for subjects such as praise, defining philosophical and educational issues, mysticism, lyrical themes, making allegories and rhetorical compounds and the like, its function in describing the manifestations of nature stands out the most. Meanwhile in literary domain poets had benefited from the epic and mythological similes for making nature orientated imageries. One of the methods of describing nature is to equate each of the epic and mythological references to the vehicle when confronting nature components. Elements of color, troops, aristocrats, geometrical shape are considered the best common factor between nature manifestations and epic heroes. Following the example of champions’ heroic actions and deeds, direct reference to the main tale, use of binary oppositions, and creating a setting are among the features of these descriptions. The images of mother in mythological similes in Khorasani style are simple, creative, and authentic and is the outcome of direct natural feelings of the poet incited by nature, however in Iraqi style these kind of similes appear with more sentimental feelings, and blend with ambiguity, complexity, verbosity, imitation, and repetition. The purpose of this article is to study the mythological similes in describing each of the nature components in the poetry of certain poets of Khorasani and Iraqi style. * . Mohammad.Khoshkab@iaus.ac.ir ** . eshghi@iaus.ac.ir *** . amirahmadi@iaus.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The narrative of national identity and its components in the epic poetries of Qajar period
hamed mehrad Mohammad Jafar YahaghiAbstractBeing under the shadow of Shahnameh, epics composed after this masterpiece had seldom been received by scholars. This negligence regarding the literature of Qajar period is quite evident. Drastic political, social, and cultural changes occurred in th MoreAbstractBeing under the shadow of Shahnameh, epics composed after this masterpiece had seldom been received by scholars. This negligence regarding the literature of Qajar period is quite evident. Drastic political, social, and cultural changes occurred in this period that were very influential in formation of the future incidents namely the creation of a new style and specific manner in composing epics. Towards the end of this era, as far as traditional stylistics is concerned coincides with the advent of school of literary return and regarding social changes it is contemporary with the constitution movement we are faced with the appearance of a genre of historical poetry which are composed following the example of Shahnameh, yet they are not mere imitation since in form and content made innovations to the point that the concept of identity the composers had in mind differ in perspective with that in Shahnameh. This research looks into selective works in view of the above factors. It seems that the narrative identity in epics of this period is an ideological concept submissive to the ruling powers and its meaning changes according to the changes made in the constitutions held by the patrons of these works. These poetries are on one hand a place where intellectual ideas encounter religious beliefs and on the other hand are the meeting place of nationalistic dialogues with patriotic inclinations. By selecting and merging parts of history realistic or mythological in favor of their patrons these epics transform historiography into literary narrative. This research has been conducted by library and analytic method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Recognition and misrecognition of kings’ vocation in Shahnameh
fatemeh Ghaeini Karimabadi Hassan BassakAbstractFerdowsi’s Shahnameh is one of the greatest masterpieces in the Persian literature which is in close connection with the society, sovereignty, and politics of its time. The kind of sovereignty in Shahnameh is monarchy whose foundation and principals MoreAbstractFerdowsi’s Shahnameh is one of the greatest masterpieces in the Persian literature which is in close connection with the society, sovereignty, and politics of its time. The kind of sovereignty in Shahnameh is monarchy whose foundation and principals are originated from the Iranshahri thinking. The pillar of sovereignty is the monarch whose incompetence brings destruction to the country and its realms. Ferdowsi’s ideal Iranshahr is the manifestation of a sovereignty with a just, wise king who has Farr or God given glory. Apart from having an ideal worldwide view, Ferdowsi explains how power drawbacks and the flaws committed by the kings such as not acting according to wisdom, justice and engaging in extravagance lead to the final breaking of the rule of Asha. This article made use of descriptive analytic approach in order to criticize and analyze Kings’ and sovereign’s vocation in Shahnameh with specific emphasis on the tale of Jamshid since he is the first example of a monarch who acted according to his vocation but later disregarded his calling. The following results were obtained first that the major source in recognizing one’s vocation lies in having a Farr, God given glory and a king with a Farr is a wise and just king. Kings’ vocation should come from the Lord of wisdom and creator of the world otherwise violation of the vocation not only harms the basis of monarchy, government, and nation, but also is regarded as a sign of disrespect to creation in general and it brings forth chaos and devastation to the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Rereading and structural analysis of revolts in Shahnameh
ali asmand gunegani AbstractOne of the political and social phenomena in Ferdowsi’s epic is the different uprisings and revolts that occurred due to the injustice and cruelties of the kings. In between the stories of evil kings in ancient Iran Ferdowsi had recorded these More AbstractOne of the political and social phenomena in Ferdowsi’s epic is the different uprisings and revolts that occurred due to the injustice and cruelties of the kings. In between the stories of evil kings in ancient Iran Ferdowsi had recorded these revolts in his lofty masterpiece. The uprisings had occurred in Iran’s society for different motives. The purpose of this article is to analyze Shahnameh’s uprisings in terms of structure. Meanwhile the kings without a Divine Farr are recognized those against whom the revolts had occurred and in this way the reasons behind Ferdowsi’s dealing with the uprisings against kings in Shahnameh which is the book of kings are enumerated. Employing library and documentary sources and applying descriptive analytic method all the actions leading to uprisings against kings are studied and the strategies used in the revolts as one of the political and social phenomena are analyzed in view of Ferdowsi’s power of visualization and poetic talent. The results obtained show that different factors were involved in each revolt and the majority of them led to rulers’ downfall.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Introducing and analyzing the epic poem of the War of Khorasan; a historical epic poem following the the style of shahnameh in the Qajar period
hamed mehradAbstract Following the style of Shahnameh, the War of Khorasan poem is an historical epic belonging to the second half of the thirteenth century composed by an unknown poet whose pseudonym is Mohtaj. Using the Moteghareb mode, he versified the events r MoreAbstract Following the style of Shahnameh, the War of Khorasan poem is an historical epic belonging to the second half of the thirteenth century composed by an unknown poet whose pseudonym is Mohtaj. Using the Moteghareb mode, he versified the events related to Salar’s uprising which began in Khorasan in the reign of Naseredin Shah Qajar and involved the central estate. This article first introduces and studies this work, then by analyzing its textual and meta textual features show that in order to explain the concepts which form the Persian identity in the Qajar period and the eras leading to the contemporary era alongside the exaggerated ancient outlook which is solely due to the influence of the dominant discouse over the Qajar period is more familiar, one can pay attention to the new Persian identity through the examination of the epic poems belonging to the recent periods, a subject often neglected in contemporary cultural studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - A new glance at some couplets from Shahnameh Ferdowsi
Mahmoud Aalipoor Hossain AghahosainiThe purpose of this research is to cast a new look upon a couplet in Shahnameh in the story of Kay Khosrow. A couplet being so controversial that various commentaries been produced and virtually all paid due attention to the horizontal axis of the story and neglected ot MoreThe purpose of this research is to cast a new look upon a couplet in Shahnameh in the story of Kay Khosrow. A couplet being so controversial that various commentaries been produced and virtually all paid due attention to the horizontal axis of the story and neglected other aspects. This paper attempts to study and criticize such commentaries to clarify the misunderstandings of the meaning of the couplet by referring to other couplets as evidence. Then the story in the vertical axis is assessed to derive at a novel meaning of the couplet in discussion according to the Moscow edition of Shahnameh: "The king granted all wishes of Giv Said to him O commander of the army Without your sword would not be bright crown Let be such sword and May no Brahman be without an idol" Unlike the views of certain commentators and Shahnameh scholars, Giv the warrior has praised Kay Khosrow like other warriors, and based on some presented evidence the commander of the army in the first couplet is Kay Khosrow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Mazandaran and Alborz in shahnameh
Behjat Najibi FiniFerdosi's shahnameh as a based document which represents Iranian patriotism, magnificence, ancientness has more to figJre out for Iranian let alone people all around the world. one of the matters discussed in shahnameh is geographic expansion which shahnameh's resea MoreFerdosi's shahnameh as a based document which represents Iranian patriotism, magnificence, ancientness has more to figJre out for Iranian let alone people all around the world. one of the matters discussed in shahnameh is geographic expansion which shahnameh's researchers have always saught the answer of the question that Mazandaran and Alborz included exactly which geographic region of Iran in Shahnameh as on eternity opus. And whether this d:trict was a part of the country or not. This essay tries to answer these questions by contributing ancient geographic and the works of contemporary scholars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Semiotic Analysis of style in three illustrations of Shahnameh entitled “ Bahram kills a dragon”
Anahita Moghbeli Behnaz PayamaniAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics MoreAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics approach shades of meanings of a text. Artistic creation objectifies beauty and in Persian painter’s view the realm of beauty is synonymous with the ideal world. Space in Persian painting is a manifestation of the divine space and the artist in expressing it does not use a realistic language since his language is a language of sign and symbol. The purpose of this article is the comparative study of three paintings with the common title of “Bahram Gur kills a dragon” in three Shahnamehs, Sultan Abu Saeid (dated 730 HG), Shiraz School Shahnameh (dated 771 HG Kept at Top Kopi museum in Istanbul), and Mashhad-Qazvin School Shahnameh (dated 988 HG) respectively using semiotic and stylistic approach. First theideal world and its influence and reflection on the illustrations are discussed, then symbolic signs, figures and profiles in them are studied and in between, implicit meanings of dragon and theme of dragon killing are analyzed. Also Bahram’s character in myth and history are dealt with. The nature of this research is comparative, descriptive, and analytic. The outcome of the study shows that although the painter in portraying the original poetry is faithful, meanwhile he has not been a mere follower of the text but with choosing a selected part of the poem, he mingles it with imagination and artistic traditional values of his own era and in this way he presents his own creative portrayal of these themes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Strategic Analysis of Rostam's Death in Shahnameh: A Game Theory Perspective
مجید اسحاقی Hadi ZiyaeiIn this paper, a strategic analysis for the killing of Rostam in Shahnameh is presented with the approach of game theory. At first glance, the strategy of Hakim Ferdowsi is extracted, who doesn't want to give a free ride to the poets of future centuries after Rostam w MoreIn this paper, a strategic analysis for the killing of Rostam in Shahnameh is presented with the approach of game theory. At first glance, the strategy of Hakim Ferdowsi is extracted, who doesn't want to give a free ride to the poets of future centuries after Rostam was killed in Shahnameh. The Ferdowsi and future poets game is a static and strict sequential game that is modeled using the 2x2 game theory atlas table. On the other hand, the game of Shoghad and Rostam using the strategic game model, after designing the strategies of the players, their earnings It has been calculated and analyzed in different situations according to the game environment. This 2x2 game is one of the static and strict sequential games It is hegemony. According to the table of this game, player p1 (Shaghad) who uses the conditions of the game to deceive player p2 (Rostam) and the game implemented in order to achieve his desire. One of the most important results of this article is to prove the deep thinking of Ferdowsi's strategic thinking, which as a strategist, it has been discussed and reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Origin of the Name Iskandar (Alexander the Great) According to the Šāhnāma
Garnik AsatrianAccording to the “story of Alexander’s birth” in the Šāhnāma, the name of Alexander the Great (Iskandar) is derived from the name of a medical herb, which was used to heal the bad smell from the mouth of his mother, Nāhīd. The paper is an attemp MoreAccording to the “story of Alexander’s birth” in the Šāhnāma, the name of Alexander the Great (Iskandar) is derived from the name of a medical herb, which was used to heal the bad smell from the mouth of his mother, Nāhīd. The paper is an attempt to explain the reason for such strange naming.. Manuscript profile
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