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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The Polyphonic Narration in the novel 'dafāter al-Warrāq' (Notebooks of the Bookseller) by Jalal Barjas in the light of the theory of 'Mikhail Bakhtin'
Majid Salehbek Maedeh Zohriarab The polyphonic novel is a novel in which we find the disappearance of the narrator in favor of the characters who undertake the process of narration and discourse by themselves and freely express themselves, their thoughts, and their own experiences, and this is w More The polyphonic novel is a novel in which we find the disappearance of the narrator in favor of the characters who undertake the process of narration and discourse by themselves and freely express themselves, their thoughts, and their own experiences, and this is what the critics named the polyphonic narration. We encounter the polyphonic narration in the novels of modern and postmodern literature as a departure from the traditional novel and its characterization by polyphony at different levels. Polyphony and poly-lingual are the most important concepts that Mickhail Bakhtin, the Russian theorist, was looking for. There is no doubt that the polyphonic narrative text is a new type of literary text and has a paramount importance in forming different languages and voices with different cultural and social affiliations and in changing a novel to a play in which the fictional characters interact. Accordingly, this research aims to study the polyphonic narration in the novel 'dafāter al-warrāq' (Notebooks of the Bookseller) by Jalal Barjas, the Jordanian novelist, in the light of Mikhail Bakhtin's theory. While the novel has polyphony feature, the research tries to depict its polyphonic basis through adaptation of polyphony in the text of the novel. Since the topic deserves to explore deeply and focus on its different aspects, this research tries to deals deeper with the polyphony feature of this novel. The approach of the research is that the text of the fictional text of Jalal Barjas includes multiplicity in personalities, consciousness patterns, ideologies, and others things that are among the components of the polyphonic narrative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Examining the metaphor of place in the novels "I Turn off the Lights" by Roya Pirzad and 'imārat ya҆qubian' (Yacoubian Building) by Alā Aswani
Azam Bibak Ataollah Koopal Zarrin Taj ParhizkarMetaphor is a linguistic property that is not specific to the aesthetics of language, rather, it is nowadays extended to all aspects of the life and thought and can create abstract concepts from objective sources and embody them. The place in the story is the bed of eve MoreMetaphor is a linguistic property that is not specific to the aesthetics of language, rather, it is nowadays extended to all aspects of the life and thought and can create abstract concepts from objective sources and embody them. The place in the story is the bed of events formation of events and due to its close relationships with the fictional characters, it is possible to reach the analysis of the novel from the analysis of the meaning of the place. In the following research, the metaphor of place in the novels "I turn off the lights" and 'imārat ya҆qubian' (Yacoubian Building) are analyzed descriptively and its most important outcome is that: in the novel "I turn off the lights", the house and its various components are metaphors for the states of the main character of the story, which in different situations express his loneliness, emotional needs, outbursts, and suppressed emotions. In the novel Yaqoubiyan Building, the building and its residents are metaphors for the Egyptian society and its different strata, which are facing many problems such as poverty, abuse of power and women, bribery, and homosexuality, and the author portraits different places in the formation of characters in the story and their evolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Examining the components of tradition and modernity in the novel 'āyene-hāye dar dār' (Lidded Mirrors)
Mahtab Tavakoli Bahram ParvinIn identify the causes of Iranian backwardness and finding appropriate solutions to exit of this situation, modernization movements, not only in the theoretical fields but also in literature, attracted the attention of theorists. Meanwhile, there are three views to mode MoreIn identify the causes of Iranian backwardness and finding appropriate solutions to exit of this situation, modernization movements, not only in the theoretical fields but also in literature, attracted the attention of theorists. Meanwhile, there are three views to modernity in literature: one group believes that modernity is a completely Western concept and is inefficient; the second group considers it acceptable due to its Western origin; and the third group maintains a balance between tradition and modernity. Houshang Golshiri, who has extensive knowledge in Persian literature and history, is one of the representatives of the third group. This research seeks to demonstrate how Golshiri, as a modern and at the same time traditional writer, has depicted the integration of modern and traditional storytelling methods without damaging the structure of the story and has given special importance to traditional elements in contemporary literature. The study is conducted using a library method and descriptive analysis to examine the components of tradition and modernity in the novel 'āyene-hāye dar dār' (Lidded Mirrors). The results of the investigations show that the use of narrative in classical texts, pragmatism, the use of short allegorical narrative, and the use of language as a traditional aspect are some of the old narrative methods in Golshiri's stories, and the combination of traditional and modern components together indicates his special attention to the place of tradition in literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Lukacs's realism in Harun Hashim Rashid's poetry
Sakineh Hosseini Mojtaba Emranipoor Feysal SayhiThe sociology of literature portraits the dual relationship between society and literary work as a social document. This science attracted the attention of George Lukac and his literary criticism was influential in the formation of the basis of literary sociology. His c MoreThe sociology of literature portraits the dual relationship between society and literary work as a social document. This science attracted the attention of George Lukac and his literary criticism was influential in the formation of the basis of literary sociology. His critical theory has three characteristics: true realism, critical realism and popularism. So, this research tries to criticize Harun Hashem's poetry based on Georg Lukács' theory of realism, which is rooted in Marxist dialectics. He seeks to bond his suffering with the reality of life. The results indicated that Rashid describes his mind through the reality and conveys whatever in his environment faithfully and criticizes the contradictions and social challenges of his homeland logically and consciously. In parts of his poems, he exposed and discussed the policies of the colonial governments and their supporters and the Arab rulers for interfering in the affairs of their people affairs and supporting Israel, and he considered them the main cause of these hardships. He showed the effect of these issues on the life of his people, the followers of his poems understand that adheres to issues that serve the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Intertextuality in the novel 'harb al-kalb al-sania' (The Second Dog War) by Ibrahim Nasrallah - a semiotic study according to the Grimas approach
Alaa Hmoozee Reza NazemianSemiotic approach of Grimas focuses on the relationships between the actants in the text to identify the poles of the conflict. This approach concentrates on whatever is oppose to the other one or helps it and the incentives generating the conflict, as well as seeking i MoreSemiotic approach of Grimas focuses on the relationships between the actants in the text to identify the poles of the conflict. This approach concentrates on whatever is oppose to the other one or helps it and the incentives generating the conflict, as well as seeking its concepts in the deep structures of the text. The novelist Ibrahim Nasrallah foresaw the future danger to the fate of man in his conflict with those who are similar and disagree with him in his novel 'harb al-kalb al-sania' (The Second Dog War). He used a lot of empirical methods and techniques including intertextuality. This descriptive analytical study is based on the semiotic approach of Grimas theory of actants, tries to reveal the forms of religious and literary intertextuality in the novel and show how the writer employs them to produce semiotic connotations, and to indicate the areas of innovation in treatment and the application of mechanisms of work of the actantial model and the semiotic square in analyzing the semiotic relationships. Some of the results of the study is that in this thematic novel the internal and external dialogues are apparent and connotative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Jungian Archetypal Criticism of 'adrakha al-nessian' (Overtaken by Oblivion) by Sana al-Sha'lān
Samaneh Moosapoor Yusef Hadi pour Sayyed Ebrahim ArmanArchetypal criticism of Jung is one of the most important contemporary literary criticisms. Archetypes were first presented by Carl Gustav Jung, with reliance on the research in the fields of psychology, anthropology, religion, and history of civilizations. Jung defines MoreArchetypal criticism of Jung is one of the most important contemporary literary criticisms. Archetypes were first presented by Carl Gustav Jung, with reliance on the research in the fields of psychology, anthropology, religion, and history of civilizations. Jung defines archetypes as the universal mental images existing within the individual and collective sub-conscience and named their representations as the myth. The novel 'adrakha al-nessian' (Overtaken by Oblivion) is written using postmodern techniques and includes literary techniques such as: stream of consciousness, impressionism, and traveling in time. This novel narrates the story of a young red hair and red face girl, who has been raised in a nursery from the very beginning. As the story progresses, she faces many problems and, in the end, the author depicts her at the age of 60. By reading this story, we notice the obvious presence of many psychological aspects. Al-Sha'lan's works have always been included within the list of best literary works in both national and international ceremonies, and we can also witness the existence of archetypes within this novel. This paper, using the descriptive-analytic method and the psychological criticism approach, tends to examine the archetypes effective in the mentioned novel. As the results demonstrate, archetypes such as: Anima, the old sage, and self, have affected the flow of occurrences in this novel, helping to create the proper form and theme of narration. Manuscript profile
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