Number 27 Volume 8

Open Access Article

1 - The Effects of Tillage Methods on Infiltration and Water Application Efficiency
ابوالفضل ناصری منصوره مظفّري

Infiltration and water application efficiency are important parameters in the design and evaluation of irrigation systems, which are affected by agronomic management such as tillage practices. Present study was conducted with the main objective of investigation of tilla More

Infiltration and water application efficiency are important parameters in the design and evaluation of irrigation systems, which are affected by agronomic management such as tillage practices. Present study was conducted with the main objective of investigation of tillage methods effects on cumulative infiltration and water application efficiency in a wheat farm at the E. Azarbaijan Research Center for Agricultural and Natural Resources ( Khosroshahr ). The experiment treatments were no-tillage, tillage by chisel plow and disc, low tillage and tillage with moldboard plow with disc. Soil infiltration was measured by the ring and water application efficiency determined for studying conditions. Results showed that tillage methods produced different cumulative infiltrations. The cumulative infiltration from low tillage, no-tillage and tillage with moldboard plow were 62, 20 and 10% of cumulative infiltration from chisel plow. Water application efficiencies from chisel plow tillage were less than 55% and efficiencies from no-tillage by moldboard plow were 55% and 68% respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of Allelopathic ( Chenopodium album )and pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus ) weeds on germination of wheat varieties
حميد بهبر

In order to evaluate the effect of allelopathic weeds (chenopodium album ) and pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) on germination of wheat, an experiment, in a completely randomized design in laboratory conditions with 3 replications and 3 factors including wheat cultivars More

In order to evaluate the effect of allelopathic weeds (chenopodium album ) and pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) on germination of wheat, an experiment, in a completely randomized design in laboratory conditions with 3 replications and 3 factors including wheat cultivars at three levels (omid, alvand and azar2 ), the concentration of weed in 3 levels (control, 5% by volume, 15% by volume), the type of weed on two levels ( weed and amaranth) in the 2013 – 14 cropping year was implemented in Tabriz ( Khosroshahr) research center on agriculture. The results of variant analyses showed that the interactions between cultivars on weed , on Rvs Ohat root fresh weight and percentage of germination, the interaction of the extract on the fresh weight of root and leaf fresh weight, dry weight of leaf, stem length and germination, interaction weed extract on root fresh weight, root dry weight and germination percentage was significant at the level of one percent. Among the investigated cultivars, the highest affectability in the reduction wet rootlet weight was the essence of %15 volume of the weed and omid variety in %34g. Among the investigated cultivars Azar and Alvand were the most tolerant which had the length growth of 7.5cm but Omid had 3.2cm length growth. Pigweed, among the weeds, had the highest effect in reduction of length growth, dry and wet eight of the plant ( 45 percent ). Omid variety had the highest sensitivity to the pigweed. Altogether, the length growth of all varieties, because of allelopathic materials, were considerably limited in exposing with the essence of weeds. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The effect of potassium and zinc sulfate spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and yield of barley under drought stress conditions in the last periods of the cropping season
جواد مرادلو sasan rezadust

To investigate the effect of potassium and zinc spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and grain yield of barley under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three repl More

To investigate the effect of potassium and zinc spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and grain yield of barley under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Khoy in which irrigation cutting at 3 levels ( full irrigation, irrigation cutting at milking stage, and irrigation cutting in the dough stage ) in main plots and potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate spraying at four levels ( spraying at the stemming + milking, stemming + dough, milking + dough, and stemming + milking + dough ) were considered as sub plots. The results of the experiment showed that irrigation was significant at 1% level for all traits. potassium and zinc sulfate spray were significant for all traits at 1% level. The occurrence of drought stress increased the barley protein content. The increase in irrigation cut treatment at the dough stage was the highest ( 31.10% ). In addition to the spraying surfaces, treatment B4 (spraying at stemming + milking + grain dough ) proved to be better than other treatments and increased grain yield from 3924 kg ha-1 in clustering treatment to 4824 kg ha-1 in dough treatment of the grain. Interaction effect of two factors was significant only on 1000 grain weight at 1% level. Keywords : Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Stability analysis of grain yield of Kabouli chickpea genotypes at spring sowing in cold area and rainfed conditions
يداله فرايدي

In order to study the grain yield and stability of chickpea genotypes in spring planting under rainfed conditions and introduce the stable and high yielding genotypes, this survey was carried out with 18 Kabouli chickpea genotypes in randomized complete block design wit More

In order to study the grain yield and stability of chickpea genotypes in spring planting under rainfed conditions and introduce the stable and high yielding genotypes, this survey was carried out with 18 Kabouli chickpea genotypes in randomized complete block design with four replications during 2013-16 cropping seasons at Maragheh, Kordestan and Shirvan agriculture research stations. The results of combined ANOVA on grain yield showed that there were highly significant differences in years × location interactions. There was also noticeable differences in genotypes × year and genotype × location interactions. The highest average grain yield ( 904 kg. ha ) obtained at Maragheh in 2016 and the lowest ( 122 kg. ha ) was at Shirvan in 2014. The genotypes of Jam control ( 494 kg. ha ) and FLIP 06-88C ( 364.7 kg. ha ), Gazvin check ( 471 kg. ha ) , FLIP 93-58C ( 470.1 kg. ha), FLIP 86-6 C ( 466.3 kg. ha ), ILC 484 ( 465.6 kg. ha ) and FLIP 87-45C ( 464.3 kg. ha), produced more than 98% grain yield using variation range at years mean, Romer's environmental variance, Francis and Kannenburg's environmental coefficient variation, Lin and Binns' variance within places, and Rank non-parametric method indicated that FLIP 86-6C, FLIP 87-45C and FLIP 08-55C with high yielding more than mean and stability in most methods, were selected as superior and stable genotypes. FLIP 86-6C due to the highest 100 seed weight ( 34 gs. ) and plant height (27.6 cm ) was superior to the other genotypes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effect of plant density and planting pattern on grain yield of maize 666
ناصر شهسواري

Modifying canopy structure to provide conditions in which the canopy crop can absorb better sunlight has been known as important strategy in increasing crop yield. This field study includes an experiment conducted as a split-plot in randomized complete block design with More

Modifying canopy structure to provide conditions in which the canopy crop can absorb better sunlight has been known as important strategy in increasing crop yield. This field study includes an experiment conducted as a split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Khoy research field station in 2011 cropping season. The main plots were two levels of row spacing ( 50 and 60 ) and sub plots were the integration of planting pattern ( zigzag and oblong ) with plant densities ( 70000, 80000 and 90000 plants ha ). Results showed that main plots didn't have any significance on the field study characteristics, but indicated that sub plots had it on dry weight of ear, number of kernel rows, grains per ear, 100 grain weight, grain yield, biologic yield and harvest index. However, the highest grain yield was obtained from planting pattern ( oblong ) and density 90000 plants ( 12530kg. ha ) . Interactive effect of ( planting pattern and density ) with ( level of rows) on number of kernel rows and grain per ear was significant. It seems that planting pattern ( oblong ) and density (90000 plants. Ha ) produces the highest grain yield for the farmer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The effect of cultivars, density and weed control on yield and yield components of rainfed chickpea
ارسلان فلاحي فرهاد صادقی

To evaluate the effect of chickpea cultivars ( Azad, Arman, Hashem and Adel ), three plant density ( 31.3, 38.5 and 50 m ) and weed control on yield and yield components of pea, an experiment was carried out on the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Razi University More

To evaluate the effect of chickpea cultivars ( Azad, Arman, Hashem and Adel ), three plant density ( 31.3, 38.5 and 50 m ) and weed control on yield and yield components of pea, an experiment was carried out on the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Razi University of Kermanshah in 2015. Design was conducted in factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits included the number of pods, main branch, seeds per pod, grains per plant, grain weight per plant, 100 grain weight, grain yield and biological yield. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of cultivars and weeding were significant for the traits at one percent. Effect of plant density and interactive cultivars × density were noticeable at the level of one percent for more characters except the number of seeds per pod and number of main branches per plant. Azad was the best cultivar with the greatest amount of seeds per plant, number of pods, number of main branches, weight of grains per plant, grain yield and biomass, 9.47, 8.89, 2.74, 2.59 gr and 1103 and 2953.8 kg. ha, respectively. Density of 31.3 perm2 was the most appropriate density for the number seed per plant, number of pods, seed weight per plant, biomass and grain yield per unit area, with 10.3, 9.44, 9.75, 3158 and 1114.7 kg ha respectively. According to our survey Hashem and Azad cultivars with the density of 31.3 plant per square meter together with weed control were the most suitable for the temperate region of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Evaluation of sink and source relationships on grain yield and its components of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. )
زينب محمدزاده اصل عليرضا عيوضي

To investigate the effects of different levels of leaf and grain removing on grain yield and its components in sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Saatloo agricultural research station of Urmia. A factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks More

To investigate the effects of different levels of leaf and grain removing on grain yield and its components in sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Saatloo agricultural research station of Urmia. A factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in 2012 growing season. The first factor consisted of four levels of defoliation including; removing 1/3 upper, removing 1/3 middle, removing 1/3 lower leaves of stem and no defoliation of control. The second factor involved grain removing with four levels; removing 1/3 of side, 1/3 of middle and 1/3 of central grains of disc flower and non grain removing as control. Results showed that non-leaf removing and removing 1/3 side grains of disc flower had the highest effect on 1000 kernel weight with 223.25g and total dry matter 2656.0g/plant. The highest amount of grain yield was 177.50g/plant in removing of 1/3 below leaves and non removing grains. In non leaf removing treatment, leaf area had significantly positive correlation with total dry matter ( r=0.99**). Also, protein grain percentage had positively significant with grain yield in non grain removing of disc flower ( r=0.96*).Regression analysis showed that traits of leaf area and disc flower diameter in leaf removing treatment and only disc flower diameter in grain removing treatment had the greatest effects on grain yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Genetic diversity of different ecotypes of ( E. amoneum and B. officinalis ) borage flower species based on essence composition and grain oil rate
سيما اوجاني

To determine genetic diversity, oil essence, physical and chemical properties, total grain oil content and fatty acid composition, an experiment was carried out in agricultural research center of W. Azarbaijan province. Plant materials included three ecotypes of Iranian More

To determine genetic diversity, oil essence, physical and chemical properties, total grain oil content and fatty acid composition, an experiment was carried out in agricultural research center of W. Azarbaijan province. Plant materials included three ecotypes of Iranian borage flower ( E. amoneum ) from Gazvin, Sari and Gilan and European borage flower ( B. officinalis ) collected from Karaj and Ardabil. The results of analyses of variance and mean comparison showed that there was high genetic diversity among ecotypes for all of traits. The oil essence was extracted by water-distillation from flower organs of each ecotype. Analysis of oil essence with pentane 0.05% mass-gas chromatography showed that E. amoneum had the highest caryophyllene- α and calacorene-α ( 6.3% and 6.5% in Gilan ecotype,) respectively than B. officinalis. The highest levels of n-Decane and Dodecane were found in 7.3% and 7.7% of B. officinalis from Karaj ecotype and Amorphene-α with 6.6% from Ardabil ecotype. Grain oil was extracted by Soxhlet and its compounds were identified by gas chromatography. Fourteen fatty acid was detected in composition. The steeridonic fatty acid (o.o1% ) and linoleic fatty acid ( 32% ) had the lowest and the highest values in both ecotypes of Karaj and Ardabil, respectively. Keywords: Manuscript profile

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