One of Saadi's techniques in Bustān, to represent the didactic and moral teachings, especially in the seventh chapter, is using binary oppositions at the level of words and meanings. He tries to give his audience a correct understanding of the virtues by mentioning the
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One of Saadi's techniques in Bustān, to represent the didactic and moral teachings, especially in the seventh chapter, is using binary oppositions at the level of words and meanings. He tries to give his audience a correct understanding of the virtues by mentioning the desired counseling and moral issues, and then by representing the opposite of those issues in order to increase the ability of moral distinction in his audience. In this research, using library resources and descriptive-analytical method, the quality of reflected oppositions on the basis of the binary opposition theory has been investigated in the seventh chapter of Saadi's Bustān. The results show that the totality of this chapter represents the opposition between good and evil at the macro level. In the next step, Saadi points to examples under each general classification to enhance the audience's insight and knowledge. The characters who reflect these oppositions also fall into two categories: real and virtual. In general, Saadi intends to turn the city of body and soul into a utopia based on the moral needs by providing the necessary moral bases for the inner cultivation of individuals.
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