Didactic Literature Review: 2 (46)

Open Access Article

1 - A Comparative Study of Individual Ethics and Country Administration Teachings of Qabus nameh and Siyāsatnāmeh
Hosein Arian

Didactic literature has a long history in Iranian literature. The purpose of didactic works is to educate and train the ethical issues and matters to promote the morality of the audience. Qaboos nameh written by Onsor al-Maali and Siyāsatnāmeh by Khawaja Nizam al-Molk T More

Didactic literature has a long history in Iranian literature. The purpose of didactic works is to educate and train the ethical issues and matters to promote the morality of the audience. Qaboos nameh written by Onsor al-Maali and Siyāsatnāmeh by Khawaja Nizam al-Molk Tusi respectively, both belong to the fifth century AH, are part of the didactic literature. With its comparative approach, this article tries to analyse the educational teachings of both texts in two fields, i.e. the field of teachings politics and governing, and the field of the individual ethics. The study intends to answer the question of whether there is a difference between these teachings in both of these literary. The result shows that while not neglecting the teachings of politics and civilization, Qaboos nameh focuses more on the teachings of individual ethics. In contrast, Siyāsatnāmeh places more emphasis on the author's purpose in dealing with the politics and governing.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Explaining the position of Qaboos-Nameh in Moral Letters tradition
sayed jalal mousavi

 Writing moral letters and training through them is a literary tradition dates back to ancient Iran. Narrating practical experience and wisdom in the form of aphorism, proverb and anecdote were widely used at that time. Moral letter tradition was entered into the I More

 Writing moral letters and training through them is a literary tradition dates back to ancient Iran. Narrating practical experience and wisdom in the form of aphorism, proverb and anecdote were widely used at that time. Moral letter tradition was entered into the Islamic period, gradually merged with the Islamic elements, and underwent changes based upon the requirements of this period. One of the most important literary works in this tradition is Qaboos-Nameh, which was located in the path of transition and transformation. This article seeks to examine the style and theme of Qaboos-Nameh and compare it with both the previous and the contemporary moral letters in order to reveal how this work relates to the pre and post moral letters. Surveys showed that because of the belonging of both Al-Ziyar and the author of Qaboos-Nameh to the ancient Iran, and also the author's familiarity with Pahlavi language, Qaboos-Nameh is very similar in style and content to the previous tradition of writing moral letters. On the contrary, the Islamic influence on it, comparing to its contemporary works, is scarce and impalpable. Therefore, Qaboos-Nameh carries the legacy of the moral letter writing of its predecessors in Persian literature and represents its components and elements in the Islamic era.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Study of the Moral-didactic Function of Wisdom in Hadiqat-al-Haqiqat and Masnavi
Ali Sina Rakhshandehmand zahra hosseini

Human wisdom and its power is one of the most basic categories that has attracted the attention of experts and scientists over time and they have studied the issue of intellect from different dimentions. Ethics deserves reflection, analysis and study from different pers More

Human wisdom and its power is one of the most basic categories that has attracted the attention of experts and scientists over time and they have studied the issue of intellect from different dimentions. Ethics deserves reflection, analysis and study from different perspectives. Wisdom, religion, and conscience could could be influencial in moral trainings, either in the field of recognizing morality and moral virtues, or in performing them. Among them, however, the role and significance of wisdom and its moral-didactic function could not be neglected. As we know, the connection between wisdom and ethics is one of the special realms of rationalism and ethics, and moral attributes are realized by wisdom. Moral values are of special importance in the poetry of Sanai and Rumi. One of the repetitive concepts in Rumi's and Sanai's thoughts which has a significant function in their worldviews and schools is wisdom in general and its didactic function in particular. This study, which is a descriptive-analytical research, seeks to answer the fundamental question of the study, i.e. what kind of role the moral-didactic functions of wisdom play in human life. Based on the results, it was found that this function of wisdom has epistemological, motivational and disinceptive dimensions. Hence, wisdom in these works helps understanding the facts and the do's and don'ts. Therefore, it guides man to acquire the virtues and happiness and to prevent him from the destruction.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Preaching Methods in Asrar-AL-towhid
maryam Jafarzadeh Reza Roohani

Preaching is conveying a message to another through communication in order to change his vision and behavior. It is considered as a persuasive communication using to influence on people. Abu Sa'id Abi al-Khair, one of the prominent mistics, is familiar with and believes More

Preaching is conveying a message to another through communication in order to change his vision and behavior. It is considered as a persuasive communication using to influence on people. Abu Sa'id Abi al-Khair, one of the prominent mistics, is familiar with and believes in the principles of propaganda and correcting one's bad deeds is one of his main concerns. The methods of preaching in Abi al-khair's Asrar-al-towhid is studied in this paper through a descriptive-analytical approach. Based on the results of this study, Bou sa'id has used preaching methods such as accompanying, negation and proof, model method, gradual method, argumentative, association of meanings, repetition, sudden design, and repartee to express his message. Considering the value of her message, what makes his method different from others is the outwits he uses in each of these methods of preaching. Abu Sa'id's influence on the audience's behavior is reflected in the changes occurred in his audience's inner states and the emotional and belief changes they were going through aftermath.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis of spiritual intelligence indicators in Masnavi Manavi, with an emphasis on Robert Immons' theory
tahmineh masyalizad fatemeh sheykhloovand mohammad farahmand ozra ghaffari

Spiritual intelligence is the basis of all that we believe in. Attention to spirituality is advancing today in a variety of disciplines such as psychology, but in the meantime, the importance of the subject becomes clear when we know that examples of spiritual intellige More

Spiritual intelligence is the basis of all that we believe in. Attention to spirituality is advancing today in a variety of disciplines such as psychology, but in the meantime, the importance of the subject becomes clear when we know that examples of spiritual intelligence are much more advanced in our mystical literature than in modern psychology. The characteristics of spirituality and religion, especially spiritual intelligence, are of special importance in the field of mystical poetry in Persian literature. This study intends to look at Rumi's poems from a different perspective, i.e. on the basis of the characteristics of the spiritual intelligence of Robert Immons' theory. Faith, peace, altruism and its proper use in life and getting adapted to the adversities of the real world are among the concerns of spiritual intelligence. Therefore, this study tries to answer the following question: what are the most important characteristics of spiritual intelligence in Rumi's Masnavi with emphasis on Robert Immons' theory? The results show that attention to empathy, altruism, love, self-sacrifice, tolerance are common features that have been introduced as prominent components of the spiritual intelligence in mystical literature and Rumi's thought. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Place of Imagination in Moral trainings of Bahā Valad’s “Ma’arif”
fariba sharifimalamiri Maryam Bolouri shahrzad niazi

“Ma’arif”, a book written by Bahā Valad who is a famous mystic and preacher of Balkh and the father of Jalāl ad-Dīn Mollana, has a specific and valuable position in the Persian literature and among his peers and counterparts due to his eloquent, fluent More

“Ma’arif”, a book written by Bahā Valad who is a famous mystic and preacher of Balkh and the father of Jalāl ad-Dīn Mollana, has a specific and valuable position in the Persian literature and among his peers and counterparts due to his eloquent, fluent and artistic prose, and its poetic language and its imagination as well. Though the trainings of this book are divided into two parts, i.e. religious and educative, this paper does not intend to deal with and discuss the mystical trainings containing an otherworldly approach. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the educative and moral points of mysticism, and the elegant and imaginative aspects of such trainings. The results of this study show that the moral and educative points in “Ma’arif” are either imperative or disincentive which among them, the frequency of the imperative points are higher than the dissuasive ones. In addition, most of its imagery is dedicated to the simile and then the allegory. Besides, in the imperative parts, the trainings like avoidance from greed, pride, and bad companion are highly frequent while in the disincentive parts, advice to patience and having proper behavior to women are mostly used and repeated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Mas’ood Ghaznavi’s Wise Behavior in Tarikh-e Beihaghi Based on Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Model of Wisdom (3D-WS(
marzieh mashalian Leila Hashemian

Wisdom has been widely treated in major Persian literary and religious works including Avesta, Minoo-ye Kherad, Shahnameh, Golestan and Boostan, Kelileh va Demneh, Naser Khosrow’s Divan, and Tarikh-e Beihaghi. Due to the complicated and culture-specific nature of More

Wisdom has been widely treated in major Persian literary and religious works including Avesta, Minoo-ye Kherad, Shahnameh, Golestan and Boostan, Kelileh va Demneh, Naser Khosrow’s Divan, and Tarikh-e Beihaghi. Due to the complicated and culture-specific nature of wisdom, no comprehensive definition has been formulated for it. However, it is generally agreed that wisdom involves knowledge, discernment, thought, and combining one’s interests with other people’s welfare. Since the vast field of literature overlaps with many other disciplines and the notion of wisdom varies from one culture to another, the present study seeks to analyze the wise behavior of Sultan Mas’ood Ghaznavi in Tarikh-e Beihaghi based on Ardelt’s three-dimensional model of wisdom (called 3D-WS) with the aim of providing a definition of wisdom specific to Iranian culture. The adopted approach is qualitative and descriptive and is based on library research. Mas’ood Ghaznavi was selected by purposeful sampling as a wise ruler from among the characters in Tarikh-e Beihaghi. Content analysis was conducted on stories and events from Tarikh-e Beihaghi in three steps, i.e. implementation, open coding, and selective coding. The results suggest that Beihaghi’s view of the components of a king’s wise behavior conform to modern theories of psychology including 3D-WS. Manuscript profile

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