List of Natural geography and human settlements subject articles

Open Access Article

1 - Geographical Distribution Gastrointestinal Cancer and its Relation with Soil Nitrate Rural Settlement (Case study: Ardabil County)
Rasoul samadzadeh Seyed Saied Azizzadeh Ahmad Ghasemi

This research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) a More

This research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) and transferred to the soil lab for nitrate measurement. The location of the samples was determined using a GPS device and the corresponding map with GIS technic. At the same time, a questionnaire was distributed among the farmers of the villages studied and completed. The data from laboratory and questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS19 software and the correlation of studied traits was studied. The relationship between consumption and nitrate accumulation from the soil was also studied by T-test. The average nitrate content of Ardabil plain farms was more than the recommended standard and was 414 mg / kg. The results showed that the amount of soil nitrate and nitrate intake per hectare affected the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer (pv <0.05). Based on the results, it was found that gastrointestinal cancer was scattered in the north and northwest areas of the plain and its geographic distribution was consistent with the type of soil containing nitrate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analysis of The Effect of Urban Green Spaces Reduction on Surface Temperature and Relative Humidity Changes (Case study of Rasht City)
Ruhollah Oji Esmaeil Aghaeizadeh Mehrnush Mirabimoghadam

Nowadays, cities are facing with increasing the urban heat island and reduction of the climate comfort Due to the urbanization and the reduction of urban green spaces. This research, therefore, aims to investigate green space reduction and its effects on relative humidi More

Nowadays, cities are facing with increasing the urban heat island and reduction of the climate comfort Due to the urbanization and the reduction of urban green spaces. This research, therefore, aims to investigate green space reduction and its effects on relative humidity and temperature variability in Rasht, Iran during the period of 1964-2013. To do this, Landsat imagery, daily temperature extremes and relative humidity of the Rasht synoptic station were used. To measure the changes, NDVI, extreme temperature indices and Sen's slope estimator were applied. Results showed that the total green space in Rasht has fallen from about 7,255 hectares to 5,990 hectares and high density green space has dropped from 2855 hectares to 788 hectares. Also, DTR, ID, TN10p indices have been reduced with a 99% confidence. Whereas the indices of TR, TXx as well as TX90p with a confidence of 99%, and maximum relative humidity of Rasht with 95% confidence intervals are increased. Also, trends of the climate parameters are consistent with the green space reduction, and their trends have intensified over three consecutive decades. So that with the population doubling, the city's green space is reduced to about a third of the initial value and the indices such as DTR and FD decreased by about 4 ° C and 35 days, respectively. It seems that the increase of green space is necessary to reduce the effects of the urban heat island and the global warming for sustainable development. It should be taken into consideration in future planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Determining Tourism Priorities and Investment in selected Rural Tourism Sites in Northwest Guilan
Shahram AmirEntekhabi Reza Veissy Mojgan Sababkar Saeed Mahmoodinya

Abstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is cons More

Abstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is considered as a necessary approach to the process leading to uniform and sustainable development of rural areas and prevention of waste of time and money. In this research instances rural touristic areas in west Guilan are prioritized for tourism development and investment. To do this a descriptive-analytic approach is used along with 29 criteria, 11 of which concerning natural and human attractions, 5 regarding tourists attracting domain, and 9 involving authorized and programmable land area. Findings resulted from analytical hierarchy process (AHP) demonstrated that Lisar area, as a selected touristic site, was ranked as number one for tourism planning and development. This is because of the beautiful beach and historical sites in Lisar, its artificial, cultural and social attractions, as well as the touristic route with beautiful scenery. Esteel lagoon, regarded as having natural and human attractions such as lagoon, lake, penetrable forest, historical sites and social and cultural attractions stands second for tourism planning and development. Touristic village of Guisoom, being a part of Talesh county, with sand beach, forest route, and artificial and natural attractions achieved a rating of three for tourism planning and development Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Explaining the Tourism Climate of the East of Guilan Province Using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature
Naser Khoshdel Parviz Rezaei Sadraldin Sadraldin GholamReza JanbazGhobadi

In this research, the tourism climate of the east of Guilan province during the statistical period 1996 to 2015 (20 years) was investigated by PET and TCI methods, and was interpolated with the Kriging method. Also, by using factor analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, t More

In this research, the tourism climate of the east of Guilan province during the statistical period 1996 to 2015 (20 years) was investigated by PET and TCI methods, and was interpolated with the Kriging method. Also, by using factor analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, they categorized their values from the spatial dimension. Factor analysis of PET values from spatial dimension showed that the PET value of this area was classified into two groups and 52.59% and 46.87% of the variance of the data in rotational state respectively. The first component consists of Roudsar, Kyashahr, Lahijan, Ramsar, Masouleh, Anzali and Rasht stations, and the second component includes the Manjil, Dylaman, Jirandeh and MoalemKalayeh stations. Also, the cluster analysis of the amount of PET divided the East Guilan stations into two groups, with Kyashahr, Roudsar, Lahijan, Ramsar, Rasht and Anzali stations in the first group and Masouleh, Manjil, Dylaman, MoalemKalayeh and Jirandeh stations in the second group. In this regard, the number of detected factors of the TCI value from spatial dimension showed that the two components explained 56.51 and 37.54 percent of the variance of the data in rotational state, the first component is comprised Ramsar, Anzali, Rasht, Kyashahr, Lahijan, Roudsar and Manjil stations, and the second component is the Masouleh, Dyelaman, Jirandeh and MoalemKalayeh stations. Also, using cluster analysis, two independent groups were identified based on the similarity of TCI values. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Site Selection for the Waste Landfills the City of Eyvan-e Gharb ILam Province
azim alishaei fariba hemmati

20.1001.1.25385968.1402.18.4.2.5

Introduction: With the growth of population and urbanization, the urban managers are concerned with optimal waste management besides problems such as traffics, various types of pollutions, slums, etc. Nowadays the development of cities, growth of income average and welf More

Introduction: With the growth of population and urbanization, the urban managers are concerned with optimal waste management besides problems such as traffics, various types of pollutions, slums, etc. Nowadays the development of cities, growth of income average and welfare of society, and accelerated social and economic developments in the countries have led to a rapid increase in waste production, and a change in the consumption pattern resulted in a change in the quality of solid waste.Research Aim: Site Selection for the Waste Landfills the City of Eyvan-e Gharb.Methodology: In the present study, the required maps and information were collected from various resources and transformed into data layers to be used in the ArcGIS software environment with respect to the effective factors in site selection. AHP was employed as a decision-making technique due to its prevalent and effective application for assessing the suitability for landfill.Studied Areas: The city of Eyvan location falls at 33° 50' N, 46° 20'.Results: The Criteria for this study are as follows: Land use, soil type and land capability, quality and depth of groundwater, geology, the intensity of rainfall, heights, grading, distance from the city, distance from the village, distance from the fault, distance from the river, distance from the road, distance from power transition lines, distance from well and fountain, distance from protected areas.Conclusion: The most suitable location included 7.98% of the area of the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Residential Spaces of Rasht City
Seyed Saeid Mousavi Parviz Rezaei Bahman Ramezani

20.1001.1.25385968.1402.18.4.10.3

Introduction: The importance of climate and its impact on human life is not hidden from anyone. The expansion of urbanization and development of cities along with the rapid growth of population and development of industrial activities has greatly reduced the thermal com More

Introduction: The importance of climate and its impact on human life is not hidden from anyone. The expansion of urbanization and development of cities along with the rapid growth of population and development of industrial activities has greatly reduced the thermal comfort in residential spaces, the consequences of which in the short term in the form of diseases and illnesses to city dwellers and in the long run as a factor in intensifying climate change. Its environmental effects, including the change of favorable months in terms of comfort climate, play a role. Meanwhile, the high costs of establishing comfort in residential spaces by mechanical devices and especially their maintenance, as well as its consequences in environmental degradation, has increased the importance of urban climate research. Therefore, the view of this study is to investigate the effect of climate on physiological comfort and convenience of human beings in closed spaces under the influence of two elements of temperature and humidity.Research Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the effect of climate on physiological comfort and convenience of humans in closed spaces under the influence of two elements of temperature and humidity.Methodology: The research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The data used include average minimum, maximum and daily temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure and dew point temperature in the statistical period of 40 years (1979-1979). For data analysis, indices of discomfort, temperature-humidity, sultry intensity and AIA standard were used.Studied Areas: The study area in this research is Rasht city in Guilan province.Results: The research findings show that heat discomfort reaches its maximum in July and August and also August has the highest amount of sultry.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the greater effect of temperature element on the establishment of thermal comfort because despite the low relative humidity in the four months of June, July, August and September compared to other months, the degree of sultry and lack of thermal comfort in this month It reaches its maximum, which in addition to creating shade, also needs natural air ventilation to establish thermal comfort. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Feasibility of Winter Tourism Prone Areas in Qazvin Province
parviz Rezaei faeideh afshar

20.1001.1.25385968.1400.16.2.6.1

Introduction: Qazvin province is considered as one of the most important tourist attraction poles, with its beautiful attractions and historic and climatic attractions. Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate winter tourism destinatio More

Introduction: Qazvin province is considered as one of the most important tourist attraction poles, with its beautiful attractions and historic and climatic attractions. Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate winter tourism destinations in this province. Methodology: The data used in the research includes climatic data of 14 meteorological stations and 15 snowmelt stations, satellite images of surface area and snow depth in the period of 25 years (1990-1990) in the months of December to April and topographic data like land use, gradient and steep gravity. Land surface effects such as distance from the river, road, and village are also used to locate data. For analysis of data information, the AHP hierarchical analysis model and GIS software have been used. Results and Discussion: Based on the results of the study, 63 snowflake sites in the north and south of the province were identified. Finally, by analyzing the features and spatial analysis of these 63 sites, and indicators such as snow flush levels, 8 locations were selected. Conclusion: Data analysis reveales that among these 8 sites, planning on 5 sites of Kaman, Barber, Samiar, Avj and Jutan is economically justifiable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Predicting land use changes with emphasis on residential lands using CA-Markov model Case study (Bojnourd plain catchment)
ahmad hoseinzadeh Abdolreza Kashki reza Javidi Sabaghian Mukhtar Karami

20.1001.1.25385968.1400.16.2.14.9

Understanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite i More

Understanding temporal and spatial changes in land use is essential for decision makers and community planners. Land use requires knowledge of the current trend and forecasting future developments in land use and land cover. In this study, using Landsat 7, 8 satellite images and Ca-Markov model in EDRISI TerrSet software, simulation and prediction of land use changes in Bojnourd catchment area in North Khorasan province has been performed. After making atmospheric and geometric corrections on the images of 2001 and 2019, a map predicting land use changes has been produced for 2040.The validation of the model is done through the kappa coefficient, the value of which is 0.92 for the land use map of 2001 and 0.95 for 2019. The results of the model prediction show that in the study area, residential lands with the increase of more than 5 thousand hectares during the study period have the most changes. Also, most of the changes have been made around the city of Bojnourd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigating the role of vegetation and land use in the formation of heat island hazard (Case study : Isfahan city)
Zohreh Golestani Reza Borna Hosein Mohammadi Farideh Asadian

20.1001.1.25385968.1403.19.1.5.9

Introduction The role of climate in the study of urban environments is important in terms of its impact on climate change in urban environments. The heat island is one of the hazards that has recently affected the environmental conditions of cities due to urban developm More

Introduction The role of climate in the study of urban environments is important in terms of its impact on climate change in urban environments. The heat island is one of the hazards that has recently affected the environmental conditions of cities due to urban development. Methodology For this purpose, Landsat ETM satellite images were used during the period 1990-2019. In this regard, LST and NDVI indices, urban coverage and land use were used. Geographical area of research The city of Isfahan has been considered in this study. Results and discussion The results showed that the high temperature is mostly in the central core of Isfahan and the surrounding city is covered by the middle temperature class. Most of the low temperature class also includes agricultural use due to high humidity. Parks and green spaces in the city are among the middle temperature classes due to the impact of high and very high temperature areas around them. Conclusion In general, it can be said that in the last three periods, the highest area has been related to the average temperature, and this trend will continue in the coming years. Due to the reduction of agricultural land use and the physical expansion of the city, the area of heat islands in the upper range has increased. On the one hand, the reasons for the increase in high temperatures are the increase in population, the increase in industries and the number of cars in the city, the multiplication of traffic volumes, the increase in asphalt levels and urban and interurban roads, and the increase in wasteland due to grazing. He pointed to overcrowding and damage to pastures, as well as clearing of green lands and deforestation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Spatial Analysis of Urban Sprawl and its Effects on Equity of Access to Hospitals in Tehran Megacity
Tahereh Ghaemi Rad Abbass Alimohammadi

Increasing trend of urbanization particularly in developing countries has led to urban sprawl. Urban sprawl in Tehran has led to several challenges in achieving sustainable development. A spatial analysis on urban sprawl in traffic area zones (TAZ) of Tehran has been in More

Increasing trend of urbanization particularly in developing countries has led to urban sprawl. Urban sprawl in Tehran has led to several challenges in achieving sustainable development. A spatial analysis on urban sprawl in traffic area zones (TAZ) of Tehran has been investigated for the past two decades (2001-2020) using the Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) method. Then, the minimum access distance between each pair of TAZ-hospital has been calculated using Network Analysis and the relation between sprawl determinants and accessibility has been investigated. Finally, the Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients have been calculated. Results show that the sprawl level has decreased significantly in Tehran over the past two decades. Consequently, because of the direct relationship between dispersion and access distance, the maximum distance to the nearest hospitals has been reduced about 3 kilometers. However, the calculated Gini coefficients show a 10% growth over the study period; in a way that, in 2001, 90% of hospital opportunities were distributed among 29% of population, while in 2020 the same share of opportunities are distributed among only 7% of population. Results indicate that urban sprawl reduction can only increase accessibility standards and promoting equity of accessibility requires proper attention and management of socio-economic variables along with urban sprawl. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Evaluating the relationship between land use planning and the formation of urban heat islands (Case Study: Meshginshahr City)
Houshang sarvar pooran karbasi Mousa Vaezi

20.1001.1.25385968.1402.18.3.15.6

Introduction: Population growth and urban development have made use of much of the urban land, especially agricultural lands and gardens, for residential, industrial, and transportation uses. This use changes lead to increased pollution and degradation of the environmen More

Introduction: Population growth and urban development have made use of much of the urban land, especially agricultural lands and gardens, for residential, industrial, and transportation uses. This use changes lead to increased pollution and degradation of the environment and above all the earth's surface temperature has increased.Research Aim: This study investigates the relationship between land use and thermal islands in Meshginshahr over the 1984, 1999 and 2020 time periods.Methodology: The research method is applied and research in nature. To achieve the goal of the research, after radiometric and atmospheric processing of the images, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI) were calculated. Then, using the error matrix method, the accuracy and precision of kappa for production maps were evaluated.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is MeshginShahr city.Results: The findings indicate that Maps of the heat island show that in 1984 the minimum temperature is 22 and the maximum temperature is 43 ° C. While this situation has been increasing in 2020, the minimum temperature is 29 and the maximum temperature is 63 ° C.Conclusion: The results of the relationship between land surface temperature and land use changes show that the highest land surface temperature is related to urban construction lands and this is a result of reduced vegetation cover and increased impermeable levels. Also, the study of the spatial distribution changes of the surface temperature of the island and the thermal island showed that with the disappearance of vegetation inside and around the city the cool temperature class replaced the warm temperature class. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluation and Prediction of Spatial Changes and Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing (Case Study: Qorveh City)
Ebrahim Sami pooran karbasi Peyman Karimi mahtab sanginabadi

20.1001.1.25385968.1401.17.4.12.8

Today Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development More

Today Over the past few decades, the growth of urban societies and population growth have led to the spread of distorted cities into separate regions with its original texture and its development towards agricultural land and its surroundings. This unplanned development leads to land use changes in the periphery of the city. In the past few decades, the city of Qorveh has encountered with the development of urban and peri-urban settlements, which caused changes in the land use of the city of Qorveh and its surrounding areas. Analysis of land use change in Qorveh city can be effective in planning for future development of the city. Therefore, to attempted to estimate and determine land use change trends, Landsat satellite images with TM, ETM and OLI sensors were used for the three time periods of 1986, 2000 and 2018. These images were categorized, validated and detected by the Neural Network method to five floors; urban lands, arable lands, dry lands, water zones and Bayer lands. Finally, Markov Autoclave was used to calculate land use changes in Qorveh city for 2031. The results indicate that, continued land use change would result in the degradation of agricultural land use. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Creative city and its role in tourism development (Case study: Hamadan city)
mitra refahy dahr Majid shams

20.1001.1.25385968.1403.19.3.1.9

Introduction: According to the subject of the research, which is the creative city and its role in the development of tourism in Hamedan, the purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of the creative city in the current state of tourism and the future of More

Introduction: According to the subject of the research, which is the creative city and its role in the development of tourism in Hamedan, the purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of the creative city in the current state of tourism and the future of tourism in Hamedan. Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of the creative city in the current state of tourism and the future of tourism in Hamedan. Methodology: In this research, first, the most important effective indicators in creating a creative city to attract tourists through the study of records in this field, implemented examples, the needs and preferences of the user group are determined and then analyzed and evaluated, and the best ideas Generalizable in research conditions are determined. The type of research was based on the applied nature and based on the analytical-survey method. The statistical population of the research is made up of managers and urban experts and tourism experts of Hamedan city, tourists and people of Hamedan city. Studied Areas: This research has been done on the city of Hamadan and its creative indicators in the present time. Results: The findings of the research show that Hamedan can be presented as a creative tourism destination according to the indicators of UNESCO and international organizations and the analysis of experts' views. By examining the capabilities and limitations of the country in the field of tourism and considering the development process of tourism and parts of international tourists who are considered favorable and profitable for us from a cultural and economic point of view, we can currently consider creative cultural tourism as the most desirable type of tourism and He considered creative tourists as a suitable target market for the country. Conclusion: The results showed that the indicators of women's participation in social activities of the historical context of Hamedan city, the importance of knowledge-based service centers, incidents, events, historical events of Hamedan city, the need to use new and knowledge-based technologies and support urban entrepreneurs and people's participation in social activities are the most important indicators. They are in the realization of the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamadan city.  Manuscript profile

List of articles (by subject) Natural geography and human settlements