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Open Access Article
1 - A Conceptual Model of green production with an ISM Approach
afarin rezaei Hasan Dehghan Denavi Hamid Babaei Meybodi alireza anvariBackground and Objective: Given that in today's world, factors such as population growth, increasing efforts to achieve economic growth and production systems to increase production and achieve competitive advantage lead to the loss of natural resources, global warming, MoreBackground and Objective: Given that in today's world, factors such as population growth, increasing efforts to achieve economic growth and production systems to increase production and achieve competitive advantage lead to the loss of natural resources, global warming, climate change, Natural disasters and ultimately environmental degradation and green production has been proposed as an effective factor in reducing environmental pollution and human risks as well as increasing competitive advantage and profitability for organizations. This study aims to design a conceptual model of green production with a modeling approach. An interpretive structure has been developed. Material and Methodology: In this study, which is synthetic and inductive-deductive in terms of data collection method, and was conducted in 1400, and 12 industrial management specialists at the university level participated as panel members in the quality department. In fact, in the qualitative section, which used meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis, the aim was to identify the themes of green production and then in the quantitative section, with the participation of 16 managers of knowledge-based companies in the green production section, the propositions identified in ISM templates should be graded based on influential priority. Therefore, relying on meta-synthesis analysis, the first 12 studies were reviewed as a basis for evaluation to determine the themes of green production based on critical evaluation, based on which eight themes were selected and entered into Delphi analysis in a checklist manner to determine theoretical adequacy. During the two stages of Delphi analysis, all eight identified themes of green production entered the quantitative analysis section, i.e., structural interpretive analysis. Findings: The results showed that the most influential components of green production of knowledge-based companies are the five components of water (C1), energy (C2), natural resources (C3), capital (C5), and labor (C6), which is at the third level of the proposed model. Also, a Mick Mac analysis as a complementary interpretive structural analysis was performed to better understand the research topic. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the factors of energy consumption, water consumption, labor, capital, and raw materials are important factors that any change in them will cause changes in other variables and on the other hand, GDP is with the low impression, and greenhouse gases and technology is the most impression variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Measurement of boron in aqueous solutions containing Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L. with different salinity
Amir Parnian Mostafa Chorom Nematolah JaafarzadehBackground and Objective: Existing of brackish and polluted drainage is one of the environmental problems in the southern Iran region, and also many of these drainages move down to the local wetlands. So the aim of this study was B remediation from three aqueous solutio MoreBackground and Objective: Existing of brackish and polluted drainage is one of the environmental problems in the southern Iran region, and also many of these drainages move down to the local wetlands. So the aim of this study was B remediation from three aqueous solutions with different salinities, by two native hydrophytes of Iran’s southern wetlands.Material and Methodology: In this study, during 120 hours treatment of waters with distinct salinity that contaminated with four different B levels (1, 2, 5, and 10 mg per liter of water), B remediation by two hydrophytes (Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L.) were examined.Findings: The study showed for non-saline water plant uptake a high amount of B and both plant removal efficiency achieved more than 70%. The uptake index of Z. palustris and R. maritima respectively were 0.51 – 8.16 and 0.18 – 8.14 mg pot-1 but these values increased in the saline waters. Biomass production measurement of Z. palustris decreased by increasing B contamination but R. maritima was not affected, and it showed the higher B tolerance of R. maritima.Discussion and Conclusion: Totally, Z. palustris removed more B than R. maritima but the bad effect of salinity on R. maritima less than Z. palustris. The results approved the ability of both plants for B remediation in saline waters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Modeling of acid gases separation via ionic liquids and membrane and performance comparison between two different membrane
Behnam Beigi Nadia EsfandiariBackground and Objective: Natural gas produced from oil and gas wells often contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which are so-called “sour gasses”. Carbon dioxide (in large quantities) and hydrogen sulfide (even in small quantities) cause many probl MoreBackground and Objective: Natural gas produced from oil and gas wells often contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which are so-called “sour gasses”. Carbon dioxide (in large quantities) and hydrogen sulfide (even in small quantities) cause many problems during the transmission and consumption of natural gas. In this study, mathematical model for the separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from helium has been investigated with two different membrane species including a ceramic modulus and PEEK-L II and ionic liquids.Material and Methodology: The effect of material, diameter, pressure and temperature on separation efficiency has been investigated. The ionic liquid used in this study is [hemim] [BF4]. The ceramic and PEEK-L II was studied. The pressure and concentration during absorption is investigated. The concentration variations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in ionic fluid were investigated in time.Findings: For a ceramic modulus, about 50 to 60% of the pressure drop occurs in the first 100 to 120 seconds. For the PEEK-L II modulus, in the first 30 seconds, about 50 to 60% of the pressure drop occurs due to gas absorption. The effect of temperature on the concentration of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide at three temperatures of 25, 50 and 100 °C was investigated. As the temperature rises in the ceramic modulus, the amounts of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, passing through the membrane, increase.Discussion and Conclusion: As the time increases, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the ionic fluid are increasing. With increasing temperature from 25 to 100 ° C, the amount of absorbed acidic gases into ionic liquid was increased. The PEEK-L II modules removed more acidic gases than the ceramic modules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of land capability for developing Agriculture and Range management (Case Study: Tajyar dam basin in East Azerbaijan Province)
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Nafiseh Rezapoor AndabiliBackground and Objective: In the present era that a variety of changes in the natural environment has been created, we are obliged to plan and manage land on the basis of the actual and potential of study areaʼs land to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this s MoreBackground and Objective: In the present era that a variety of changes in the natural environment has been created, we are obliged to plan and manage land on the basis of the actual and potential of study areaʼs land to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential for agriculture, range management and determine the consistency of current account agriculture, range management with ecological potential users of this area.Material and Methodology: In this research, first by looking at the different sources and standards, criteria and sub-criteria were selected. The main criteria used in this study include: Soil maps, geology, topography, climate, vegetation, water and land use. Then, layers were evaluated by designing and distributing questionnaires and were weighed by AHP and binary comparison matrix. Finally, all the layers were combined using a weighted linear combination method and the final ecological map can be obtained.Findings: In the final map for the development of agriculture and pasture lands that were taken in 1394, there is not classes 1, 2 and 7of agriculture - range management applications in the final map of these users because the topography, over the rest of the criteria limits the possibility of the agricultural grade 1 and 2 in the study area and from the perspective of range management standards, to the 3rd floor can be seen in the study area. Agricultural Grade 3 is the highest with 31.9% and pasture Grade 3 is the lowest with 11.5% of the land proportion .Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest that the combination of AHP and GIS has a high potential for ecological capability evaluation of land for agricultural - range management applications and given that Tajyar dam basin has the potential to develop agricultural activities and pasture In case of exploitation in line with the ecological, local people will be benefited from the effects of the economic expansion of these activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Fundamental Principle of Deterrence in International Environmental Law
Mohamad Zaker Ardakani Alireza ArashpourInternational Environmental Law, which is a Branch of public International Law, is Primarily Based on Preventive and Precautionary Measures, and its Ultimate Goal is to protect the Global Environment from Pollution and Damage to Human Health. The Principle of Deterrence MoreInternational Environmental Law, which is a Branch of public International Law, is Primarily Based on Preventive and Precautionary Measures, and its Ultimate Goal is to protect the Global Environment from Pollution and Damage to Human Health. The Principle of Deterrence is a Fundamental and Universal Rule in Development-Oriented and Sustainable Policies Related to the Exploitation of Natural Resources and Ecological Aspects of Countries, Which on the one Hand Focuses on Pollution Prevention and Precautionary Measures in the Face of the Environment and Natural Resources. On the Other Hand, it includes Systematic Protection Measures and the Cooperation of Countries and Other Persons under International Law with Regard to Environmental Activities and the Exploitation of Natural Resources, Under National Sovereignty and Jurisdiction. Therefore, Violation of the Principle of Deterrence, Due to the Limited Environmental Resources and the Long Process of its Replacement, Leads to Improper Use of Natural Resources and Causes Numerous Damages to Environmental Components, Including Water, Air, Soil, Plants, Wildlife, etc. Which are Sometimes Irreparable and Ultimately Threaten Human Life and Health, Although Repairing the Damage and Compensation Requires Exorbitant Costs and Long Periods of Time, Sometimes Intergenerational Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of PM2.5 Adsorption on Car Filters and Improvement of Their Adsorption Quality Using Polymeric and Composite Nanofibers
Mohammad Hassan Amini Mitra Mohammadzadeh AhaniBackground and Objective: Particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to their small diameter, some of these particles are absorbed by the body and eventually entered the human circulatory or respiratory system. Since in MoreBackground and Objective: Particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to their small diameter, some of these particles are absorbed by the body and eventually entered the human circulatory or respiratory system. Since incomplete combustion of fuels are the main source of particulate matter, car occupants are particularly exposed to this pollution, especially in large city traffic. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the commercial filters in various vehicles in terms of the absorption of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). Then polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and its composite with nano-chitosan were used to improve the ability to remove suspended particles by these filters . Material and Methodology: First, a system was designed and built in the laboratory to measure the adsorption efficiency of PM2.5 and the pressure drop of filters. Then, six samples of various commercial cabin air filters and engine air filters were prepared and their PM2.5 adsorption was measured. The polymeric and composite nanofiber filters were made and their efficiency was investigated and finally, the results were compared. Findings: For commercial engine air filters, the PM 2.5 adsorption was equal to zero and the absorption by cabin air filters was measured in the range of 5-8.33%. The adsorption was measured respectively 97 and 95% by polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiber filter with nanochitosan . Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed that the car filters were not able to remove PM2.5 but the polyacrylonitrile nanofiber filters were able to remove 95-97% of PM2.5. Therefore, by adding a layer of Nano-fiber introduced in this study to car filters, especially cabin filters, the PM2.5 removal efficiency can be improved, thus clean air is provided for car occupants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of using an airfoil-shaped deflector on increasing the efficiency of a savonius vertical axis wind turbine
Keyhan Layeghmand Nima Ghiasi Tabari Mehran ZarkeshBackground and Objective: With the increment of population, the need for sustainable energy development has been raised. By increasing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing the fossil energy reserves have also shifted research centers around the world to renewable ene MoreBackground and Objective: With the increment of population, the need for sustainable energy development has been raised. By increasing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing the fossil energy reserves have also shifted research centers around the world to renewable energy sources. Among renewable energies, wind energy is one of the most important types of renewable energy. In this study, the efficiency of the Savonius wind turbine is significantly increased by using an airfoil-shaped deflector. This increase in efficiency is carried out by upgrading the self-starting performance capability of the Savonius wind turbine and reducing the negative torque generated by the returning blade. Material and Methodology: Different configurations of the proposed deflector system are considered numerically using the CFD solver. A three-dimensional incompressible unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulation in conjunction with the SST k-ω turbulence model is done and validated with the available experimental data. Findings: The predicted results indicated that the performance of the Savonius rotor is highly dependent on the position and angle of the deflector. Thus, there was an appropriate position and angle values to obtain the highest torque and power coefficients. It was concluded that using the favorable airfoil-shaped deflector significantly enhanced the static torque coefficient values in all angular ranges especially in the rotation angles between 0° to 30° and 150° to 180°. By properly covering the returning blade using the airfoil-shaped deflector, the static torque coefficient values increased up to 2 times higher than that generated by without deflector case. Discussion and Conclusion: The Savonius turbine suffers from poor efficiency. Hence, the present work dealt with proposing an improved deflector system led to generate higher power and torque coefficients which resulted in capturing a higher efficiency and better self-starting capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Granting legal personality to the elements of nature in the light of sustainable development
Zahra Sharegh Hossein RezazadehAfter World War II , the concept of sustainable development was introduced in order to balance the protection of the environment with the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, including the right to development; So that the exercise of human rights is not an excuse to MoreAfter World War II , the concept of sustainable development was introduced in order to balance the protection of the environment with the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, including the right to development; So that the exercise of human rights is not an excuse to destroy the environment. In fact, human beings realized that any damage to the environment ultimately endangers human beings and their dignity, and therefore, along with economic and social elements, environmental sustainability was identified as one elements of sustainable development. The present study seeks to examine how some governments, by identifying legal personality for the elements of nature, have taken steps towards environmental sustainability and ultimately the realization of sustainable development. It is a type of basic research that is descriptive-analytical and using library resources as well as using electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, official conferences related to the subject (regional and international)in Persian and English languages and after raising the issue and clarifying the hypotheses, the data in accordance with the research questions in national and international judicial documents and procedures(both Persian and Latin)have been searched, collected, summarized and analyzed. One of the measures taken in recent years to environmental sustainability, has been recognized legal personality to the elements of nature. The practice of some countries, especially since 2008,shows that in order to achieve environmental sustainability, at the level of legislation or the procedure of the courts, the elements of nature have been recognized as rightful and representatives have been appointed to pursue their rights. Overall, developments in environmental law show that the identification of legal personality for the elements of nature has created a new development in the field of environmental law and sustainable development that is rapidly expanding in the international community. So that many governments can use this experience to take this step to provide the necessary grounds for greater environmental protection around the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluating the relationship between psychological components and thermal comfort of users in urban open spaces. (Case study: Karun river bank in Ahvaz)
Katayoun Afshoun mohsen taban mostafa masoudinejad reza jalilzadeh-yengejehBackground and Objective: Urban open spaces are areas where collective life takes place. In order to attract more citizens to these spaces, especially in tropical climates, the study of thermal comfort conditions is considered. Since heat sensation and perception vary f MoreBackground and Objective: Urban open spaces are areas where collective life takes place. In order to attract more citizens to these spaces, especially in tropical climates, the study of thermal comfort conditions is considered. Since heat sensation and perception vary from person to person outdoors, a quantitative approach to dealing with thermal comfort alone is not enough; Rather, it is important to pay attention to the psychological components of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological components in individuals and the category of thermal comfort. Material and Methodology: The present study was conducted by a combined method including descriptive method to explain the components of thermal and psychological comfort and survey method to determine the correlation between research variables. After conducting field surveys by a questionnaire by random method (using Cochran method) and measuring devices of climatic indicators, the weather conditions of different parts of the route On the 11th and 12th of Bahman 1398 (7 am to 1 am), measured and with the help of the Global Climate Index (UTCI) in the Karun River It is analyzed in Ahvaz. Findings: Evaluation and analysis of the extracted data show the effect of psychological components on the thermal response of individuals in different conditions. In fact, the mood of people in open spaces affects their thermal evaluation of the environment. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the research findings, the mental and psychological states of people in different conditions can have different and even unexpected thermal response both in the range of thermal comfort and outside it. Finally, solutions can be provided to better design urban spaces, to attract more audiences and arouse their sense of satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Climate Change on Evaporation variations from the chah nimeh reservoirs of sistan
hossein bazzi hossein ebrahimi babak aminnejadBackground and Objective: Evaporation is one of the wasteful methods of water resources in geographical areas and is of special importance in the study of water resources.Material and Methodology: In the present study, databases including Chah Nimeh dam evaporation data MoreBackground and Objective: Evaporation is one of the wasteful methods of water resources in geographical areas and is of special importance in the study of water resources.Material and Methodology: In the present study, databases including Chah Nimeh dam evaporation data and large-scale network data have been prepared. The SDSM model is used to simulate the evaporation of the coming decades under three scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The basic modeling period is from 1983 to 2005 (23 years)Findings: Comparison of evaporation estimates for the next two time periods and under different scenarios showed that for the time period 2100-2080 scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 estimated higher values for evaporation. Examination of inputs showed that air temperature, geopotential height and wind indices have the greatest impact on the evaporation of wells in SistanDiscussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the rate of evaporation in the period of increasing 2100-2080 will experience more than 300 mm per year. The greatest increase in evaporation will be in the warm period of the year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A survey of FAHP based on four economic, social, environmental and ecological criteria in Chadegan region
arezo moazami Jamal Ghoddousi , Ali Asghar Alshaeikh, saeid soltaniBackground and Objective Our country is going in a costly and long-term challenge in the socio-economic, political, cultural and technological arena. City recognition and the region in which the city is located is based on such an attitude. Material and Methodology: Co MoreBackground and Objective Our country is going in a costly and long-term challenge in the socio-economic, political, cultural and technological arena. City recognition and the region in which the city is located is based on such an attitude. Material and Methodology: Cost-benefit analysis and some tools such as sustainability indicators and environmental issues are among other ways to promote attention to long-term impacts of the current development. FAHP model is one of the most popular multi-purpose decision making methods for situations with multiple measures. Finding: In this study, by calculating the weight and ranking of effective criteria and sub-criteria in the allocation and zoning of urban land use in 7 stages, FAHP technique has been applied. In order to formulate a sustainable solution for current and future urban development, it is necessary to have better knowledge about the adaptation of current constructed areas (including cities, suburban areas) with natural environmental factors. Discussion and Conclusion: Hence, the results are presented based on the charts as weighted results of the thematic information layers related to each of the sub-criteria (indices) are also given in the charts. The model of allocation and zoning of urban land is based on the degree of desirability in 4 classes or groups, which in the analysis of the method of high, middle and low limits of scores or each criterion scores based on the sub-criteria related to each of them are considered to determine the changes scope (changes limit) and by considering the effect of each of sub-criteria, the results are used based on the four criteria and sub-criteria related to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effectiveness of Selecting the Most Effective Carbon Disclosure Strategy in the Presence of Stakeholder Anomic
Sahar Amani Babadi Alah karam Salehi Mohammad Khodamoradi Alireza JorjorzadehBackground and Objective: Stakeholder anomie in the social environment with the aim of increasing the level of sustainable functions, affects the environmental performance of companies and causes companies in a competitive environment, relying on behavioral and professi MoreBackground and Objective: Stakeholder anomie in the social environment with the aim of increasing the level of sustainable functions, affects the environmental performance of companies and causes companies in a competitive environment, relying on behavioral and professional approaches, provide information to satisfy social expectations. One of these approaches is carbon exposure strategies based on the stakeholders’ social pressures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of selecting the most effective carbon disclosure strategy in the presence of stakeholder anomic themes.Material and Methodology: In this study, which was conducted during 2020-2021, Efforts were made to use the participation of two groups of people in the target community at the university and the capital market level. Based on the nature of research in the qualitative section, from two Meta-synthesis and Delphi and in the quantitative research section, use Interpretive Ranking Process (IRP).Fidings: The results in the qualitative section, by examining 29 screened studies, confirmed the 5 stakeholder anomic propositions of stakeholders as analysis criteria and 4 strategic components of carbon disclosure as use Interpretive Ranking Process rules. Then, based on IRP, the findings show that among the 5 stakeholder anomies, stakeholder normative anomie is the most important effective proposition in carbon disclosure. It was also found that the strategy of carbon voluntary disclosure, based on the normative anomie of stakeholders, is the most important strategy in the disclosure of carbon functions by companies that can help develop interactions at the competitive market.Discussion & Conclusion; The results indicate that in order to protect the interests of stakeholders, companies disclose carbon as a sustainable reporting through voluntary strategic approaches and by providing such environmental reports, while increasing public trust, establish the effective interactions with stakeholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study possible ways to achieve the objectives of Green University in Farhangian University
seyyed ebrahim rad Alireza jabariBackground and Objectives:The importance of higher education and education to the issue of green management and public education. The preservation of the environment is a pressing need of the community in facing the challenges and critical environmental challenges, the MoreBackground and Objectives:The importance of higher education and education to the issue of green management and public education. The preservation of the environment is a pressing need of the community in facing the challenges and critical environmental challenges, the need for the role and leadership of universities and schools in the field of responsibility Social needs require planning and frivolous action. The academics and teachers of any community are the most prestigious group for developing cultural and environmental activities. Universities and schools can be recognized as a successful example and an evolving model for spaces outside the university. The farhangian University, the pivot of the fundamental transformation in education, can play a more valuable and distinct role than other universities in creating a culture of environmental support. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ways of converting the University of Cultural Studies to the Green University.Material and Methodology: The method of qualitative research, the method of research is "case study", and use all of the resources envisaged in case studies; direct observation, semi-structured interviewing, in the form of a focal group, analysis of documents and human artifacts for data collection. Also, for data analysis, the content analysis strategy was used to collect data, create databases and analyze data using MAXQDA2018 software. Three types of trilogy, data trilogy were also used to trust, credibility and reassure the research. The Trinity, the Trinity, and the theoretical trinity, have been done.Fidings:The content of the theme analysis, the 7 main themes, the 30 main themes of the organizer and 380 general themes, has been identified by the farhangian University to achieve the goals of the Green University, in 7 dimensions (mainstream content) "Learning and learning"; "Participation and Networking of Social Interactions"; "Environmental Management System"; Research, Technology and Innovation ";" Leadership and Planning ";" Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting "; and" Human Resource Management ". Should take action.Discussion & Conclusion: By studying the research findings, it was concluded that the obvious links between the main functions of the university - the continuous education, research and everyday activities of the university, with the general approach of the University for the development of environmental sustainability and green management and the green campus - to the students in preserving and respecting The environment helps the real world and reaches the green city and the green community. In a university, as a small town, if the goal is to develop an environmental culture and green management, all the affiliated sectors must be taken into consideration. Therefore, coordination and complementarity between the functional units of the university is recommended in achieving the objectives of the Green University. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Impacts of droughts on environment flow (Case study: Minab River, Hormozgan, Iran)
Saeedeh Rostam Afshar Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Hedayat FahmiBackground and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River MoreBackground and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River, in order to create environmental balance.Material and Methodology: Because of insufficient knowledge of different methods in Iran and their compatibility with management and climatic conditions of the country, after reviewing all available methods, the modified Montana and the flow continuity were selected as the optimal methods.Findings: After selecting the study area, flow discharge at the Brentin station in the Minab River during the years 1963 to 2017 were collected. Firstly, monthly average flow was calculated and later, annual average flow was determined which was equal to 8.16 cubic meters per second. Since the monthly average flow for October, November amd May to September are less than the annual average flow, they were considered as low water period and from December to April were considered as high water period. In the next step, river flow for low-water period and high-water period were calculated and equaled to 2.80 and 15.65 cubic meters per second respectively. Finally, based on different management classes, environmental flow of the Minab River using modified Montana method was calculated and equalled to 0.28 for the low water period and 1.56 for the high water period. Environmental flow with flow duration method equaled to 1.24 cubic meters per second.Discussion and Conclusion: The results reveals that, minimum flow to meet the environmental needs for the Minab River during low water period should be considered 0.28 and between 1.24 and 1.56 cubic meters per second at high water period repectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Survey of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb and Cu) pollution in Sediment of Deilam Port in Persian Gulf
javad seiedi lale masavi dehmordi eshagh khakiBackground and Objective: Evaluation of pollution in the port of Deylam and assessment Risks of environmental pollution Taking the position of the port and And direct contact People with the sea ‚this port is very important.Material and Methodology: In this study MoreBackground and Objective: Evaluation of pollution in the port of Deylam and assessment Risks of environmental pollution Taking the position of the port and And direct contact People with the sea ‚this port is very important.Material and Methodology: In this study sediments samples were collected from 5 stations along coast. After drying and digesting of samples in Nitric acid and Perchloric acid, concentrations of heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Finding: The results of this study have shown that the levels of heavy metals in sediments of stations based on micrograms per gram dry weight of 2/1-6/40 Cu, 10/4-21/18Pb-1/1-2/8for Cd. between stations surveyed in the study In seaside Park station had the lowest pollution by metals. Bandar Imam hasan and Bandar Lyltyn Stations had the highest rate of pollution of these metals.Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison rate of these metals with international standards showed that the concentration of Cu and Pb concentrations is below international standards, but the amount of these metals was higher than USEPA standards. And the amount of cadmium is more from the standard USEPA, sediment quality US (NOAA) and sediment quality in Canada (ISQGS). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Zoning, zones management and landscape design periphery of Iranian ancient trees (Case study: Mongabad Mehriz old cedar)
Mohammad hadi Rad Mohammad hosan Irannejad parizii Saed Reza Mahdavi Amin YeganehBackground and Objective: Old trees are considered as rich genetic resources and valuable natural monuments. Among the old trees, the natural heritage of Mongabad Mehriz old cedar has always been the attention of people in Yazd province, especially the people of Mehriz MoreBackground and Objective: Old trees are considered as rich genetic resources and valuable natural monuments. Among the old trees, the natural heritage of Mongabad Mehriz old cedar has always been the attention of people in Yazd province, especially the people of Mehriz city, Iran. For the management and conservation of this tree, zoning, zones management planning and landscape design were needed and necessary. Material and Methodology: The base of this classified was IUCN classification and its match to the realities and comprehensive plan of the Mehriz city. Due to the review of the resources and conditions available, the perimeter of the cedar was classified in a range of 300m in different zones, contains management and recreational zones. Board capacity was also calculated for recreational activities in the tree area. Findings: The results of zoning studies showed that 4 zones as management zones and 2 zones as recreational zones are of special importance and should be considered. Management zones include restricted nature zone, protected zone, shield Zone, and other uses zone were with an area of 2826, 5024, 23550 and 251200 m2 respectively. Type I and II type promenade zone were 11664 and 15000m2. By mapping and identifying the physical status all of the zones, the necessary proposals for each one of the zones were presented. In this regard ecological sustainability of the environment and tree health were considered. Based on this view, in order to organize the tree for the promenade, the landscape design (with the maximum maintenance of the existing green space and surrounding monuments) was taken. The capacity of the range for recreational activities were estimated at 276 people per day. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that although activities performed in the recent years around the cedar have been the main and influential factor on tree health, but by designing and implementing management and recreation programs in the form of proposed zones, it is possible to rebuild with a focus on tree health and tourism boom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating the most appropriate treatments for ultrasonic duration, temperature and water ratio to the contents of livestock rumen in biogas production (Case study: Khorramabad city slaughterhouse)
Ali Kooshki morteza almassi Mohammad Ghahderijani Hamidreza ShamlouiBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biog MoreBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was determining the appropriate temperature, time and ratio of water to livestock rumen content on the total biogas production.Material and Methodology: This study was conducted at the Khorramabad Industrial Slaughterhouse. After slaughtering livestock the contents of the rumen of five cows and five sheep were mixed together to homogenize and in separate experiments to examine the impact of severity different temperatures (30, 40 and 50° C), different times of Ultrasonic device waving (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and different ratios of mixing contents of rumen and water (50 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents, 100 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents and 200 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents) in process of biogas production was discussed.Findings: In general, the largest amount of total biogas, related to the triple opposite effect of using 30 minutes of ultrasonic pretreatment (t3) * C50 ° (te3) * Combination ratio of visceral contents (r3) with production amount of 350/333 ml which is considered the best results.Discussion and Conclusion: the finding indicated that the total biogas production from rumen content in the process of anaerobic digestion are more effected by the treatment under the conditions of a longer ultrasonic pretreatment, higher temperature and lower concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Management of energy carrier’s consumption and emission of pollutants using the Leap model in Lea Industrial Park of Qazvin province
mohammadsaied mohammadi Seyed Mostafa Khezri Alireza VafaeinejadBackground and Objective: Industrial-economic development in developing countries has created a double need for greater access to energy carriers compared to developed countries. In addition, improving living standards in developing societies in recent decades has led t MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial-economic development in developing countries has created a double need for greater access to energy carriers compared to developed countries. In addition, improving living standards in developing societies in recent decades has led to an increase in the demand for energy carriers for access to greater facilities and amenities. In this study, the effect of applying different policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy savings in Iranian industries has been investigated and evaluated by the energy planning model. Material and Methodology: First the input values of various energy sources such as gas, electricity and fossil fuels in the industrial production process were investigated. Then, the factors affecting the production of greenhouse gases in industries were identified, then the past trend and the current state of Iranian industries and government policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as well as the development of new energy efficiency technologies in industry were used to estimate energy demand. In line with this goal, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in a baseline scenario in accordance with the continuation of the current trend (BAU) in current industries and also to determine the current and future demand of Iranian industries during the years 2019 to 2035 has been studied. Findings: four alternative scenarios of energy saving technologies and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions were considered, including industry development and capacity building, possible increase in fuel and electricity prices, implementation of fuel consumption standards, and use of CHP technologies for a period of 15 years. Therefore, the combined implementation of these two policies will lead to a reduction of 8 million tons of emissions (equivalent to a 13% reduction in emissions) equivalent to total CO2. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the total CO2 emissions equivalent to the industry will increase from 61 million tons in the baseline scenario to 53 million tons in the 2035 emission reduction scenario. However, due to the implementation of the fuel change policy, the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions has been reduced to 58 million tons (equivalent to 4.9% reduction) and also the implementation of energy efficiency policy has led to the emission of 55 million tons (equivalent to 9.8% reduction) equivalent CO2 will run until 2035. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Check and Environmental monitoring of polluting particles and their effects on the air of Sanandaj
Abdolreza Noferesti Farham AminshareiBackground and Objective: Investigation of the amount of heavy metals, anions and cations in the air of SanandajMaterial and Methodology: The research method includes the measurement of suspended particles in the city. Then, atomic absorption spectrometry was used to de MoreBackground and Objective: Investigation of the amount of heavy metals, anions and cations in the air of SanandajMaterial and Methodology: The research method includes the measurement of suspended particles in the city. Then, atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the composition of particles and measure the desired metals and ions in the particles. In the third stage, the statistical method was performed and the results of field measurements in SPSS environment were analyzed. In the last stage, with the opinions of experts and determining the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, the relevant strategies were determined to investigate the causes of air pollution in Sanandaj and executive strategies.Findings: In this study, air quality in Sanandaj based on particles, has days with healthy air 20.83%, low pollution 69.14%, unhealthy days 7.43%, very unhealthy days equal to 1.38%, days Dangerous was 1.1% and very dangerous days were 1.65%. Days with dangerous and very dangerous weather were observed mainly in the first months of the year. Among metals, aluminum and iron have a very high volume, followed by copper, zinc, lead and arsenic. As for ions, they are sodium, nitrate, chlorine and sulfate, iron, magnesium and calcium, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results, changes in lead, mercury, manganese, zinc, aluminum and iron at the level of 5% are significant and there is a significant linear relationship between particles and the amounts of the above metals. Regarding ions, sodium, calcium, nitrate, sulfate and iron were significant at the level of 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A study of climatic comfort conditions in the spatial-physical patterns of traditional neighborhoods’ fabric: The case of Hamadan’s old neighborhoods
mohammad motaghed hasan sajadzadeBackground and Objective: The unbridled expansion of cities during the recent decades has gradually led to the decline of their climatic comfort. One of the objectives of this study is to analyze the spatial geometry and structural-spatial patterns of traditional neighb MoreBackground and Objective: The unbridled expansion of cities during the recent decades has gradually led to the decline of their climatic comfort. One of the objectives of this study is to analyze the spatial geometry and structural-spatial patterns of traditional neighborhoods in the cold and dry climate to use the results for optimization of new residential fabrics. This study also aims to investigate the role, plantation pattern and species of the plants in the green spaces of old neighborhoods.Material and Methodology: First the factors that affect climatic comfort were identified by examining expert viewpoints. Then, Ecotect Autodesk software was used to simulate the conditions and analyze the data in three traditional neighborhoods of Hamedan City.Findings: certain measures are required in linear neighborhoods to increase their exposure to sunlight during the cold seasons because they have more shading compared to centrifugal neighborhoods during the cold periods of the year.Discussion and Conclusions: using centrifugal models can help optimize these spaces and improve climatic conditions in them. In addition to preventing the prevailing cold winds from blowing into the neighborhoods from the surrounding environments, the old trees at the center of the neighborhoods selected in this study improve coolness and climatic comfort in these spaces, especially during the hot seasons of the year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Feasibility study of replacing solar energy in order to provide different energies, especially desalination of water required by a building
essmail mohisenpour Mohammad Ali Ehyaei Ashkan AbdalisousanBackground and Objective: Today in the world we are facing a shortage of fresh water and to overcome this important issue all countries in the world are looking to desalinate water in different ways to meet the needs of their country. The use of renewable energy is a go MoreBackground and Objective: Today in the world we are facing a shortage of fresh water and to overcome this important issue all countries in the world are looking to desalinate water in different ways to meet the needs of their country. The use of renewable energy is a good way to supply the energy needed in these units. Material and Methodology: In this study, using the initial data, the amount of electric charge of a residential unit located in Bandar Abbas, for different months of the year was calculated and considering the amount of electricity required, the amount of heating and cooling load using software Carrier was obtained. Also, using the available data, the energy required for the desalination plant and the desired area for the solar panel were calculated. After analyzing the obtained data in terms of energy and exergy, among the water desalination methods, reverse osmosis method was selected that the required source is supplied through seawater. Findings: The maximum required area of the solar panel to supply electricity to the residential unit is about 134 square meters and has the capacity to produce about 9 kW of electricity and the exergy efficiency of these panels at its maximum is about 25%. Also, about 220 liters of drinking water is produced for 4 family members during the day. Economically, the return on investment is about 7 years and with a domestic return of 17%. Discussion and Conclusions: Depending on the generation capacity of the solar panel in the months of the year such as winter that require less energy, the excess electricity generated can be transferred to the distribution network to help generate revenue for the system. Economically, due to the provision of initial capital in this residential unit, it is possible to create a system independent of the distribution network that will also provide the fresh water needed for the residential unit and is recommended for areas facing shortage of drinking water. Manuscript profile
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