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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Study of qualitative and quantitative changes in Nepeta crispa Willd. essential oil in natural habitats and agronomical conditions
        Mohammad Karami Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Mahdi Ayyari
        Nepeta crispa Willd. Locally known as Mofarrah belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is an Iranian endemic self-growing medicinal plant to Alvand Mountains in Hamadan province. N. crispa has carminative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial and antifungal propert More
        Nepeta crispa Willd. Locally known as Mofarrah belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is an Iranian endemic self-growing medicinal plant to Alvand Mountains in Hamadan province. N. crispa has carminative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of essential oil compounds of this plant in the vegetative stage, which cultivated in Tarbiat Modares University of Tehran at an altitude of 1283 m above sea level, and compare with samples taken from natural habitats in Arzanfood and Gashani with the altitude of 3015 and 2489 m above sea level, respectively. The plants were harvested during the late July 2018. The essential oils of all samples were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The yield of essential oil in the sample collected from Arzanfood, Gashani and field samples were 2.13, 1.97 and 0.55% (w/w), respectively. Twenty components were identified among the samples, representing 93-96% of the oils. The main components were 1, 8-cineole (40.25%, 48.5, 49.9%), 4aα, 7β, 7aα-nepetalactone) 34.8%, 3.7%, 24.7%) and β- pinene) 6.2%, 5.4%, 5.4%) for cultivated field, Gashani and Arzanfood samples, respectively. Although the percentage of oil and 1, 8-cineole in the cultivated sample were low, but the amount of nepetalactome compounds was high. According to the results, the environmental conditions had an important role in the qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil of this plant but cultivation of N. crispa in a place with more than 1200 m difference in altitude, lower than the main habitat, was a promising sign for domestication of N. crispa. Optimization of other factors including, cultivation in an area close to the natural habitat, nutrition, biotic and abiotic stresses treatment could even improve the quality of this plant compared to the self-growing ones. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Essential oil composition and gum phytochemistery of Dorema ammoniacum D. which collected from Birjand
        Mohamad Norani Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Alexander Crawford Mahdi Ayari Noushabadi
        Dorema ammoniacum D. Don. is a perennial herbs from Apiaceae family that grows wild in central and eastern regions of Iran such as Yazd, Isfahan, Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces, and its local names are Kandal, Vasha or Oshagh and Koma-kandal. There is some eviden More
        Dorema ammoniacum D. Don. is a perennial herbs from Apiaceae family that grows wild in central and eastern regions of Iran such as Yazd, Isfahan, Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces, and its local names are Kandal, Vasha or Oshagh and Koma-kandal. There is some evidence in Iranian traditional medicine about the anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory properties of D. ammoniacum gum resin exuding from its root and stem. In this study, roots, stems, leaves, flowers and gums of D. ammoniacum were collected in the spring 2018 from Birjand in South Khorasan province. After drying the samples, the essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and their content and compositions were investigated with gas chromatography techniques. The highest and lowest yield of essential oil in D. ammoniacum was obtained for gum and roots with a value of 1.0% and 0.2%, respectively. Based on the analysis of essential oils, 73 compounds were identified in organs and gum. In roots, stems, leaves, flowers and gum essential oils 91.3 %, 97.15 %, 91.8 %, 88.4 % and 89.4 % of the total components were identified, respectively. (Z)-sabinene hydrate, (2E, 6E)-farnesol, elemicin and n-hexacosane were common compounds among all essential oils. In addition, a series of monocyclic bisabolene compounds such as α-bisabolol, Z-α-bisabolene, β-bisabolene, ar-curcumene, ar-dihydro turmerone in different organs of the D. ammoniacum essential oils. The percentage of bisabolene compounds identified in different D. ammoniacum essential oils was 35.5% for root, 3.4% for stem, 1.4% for leaf, 14.5% for flower and 8.5% for gum essential oil. The most identified compounds in the D. ammoniacum essential oil were sesquiterpene compounds. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Comparison of the essential oils of medicinal plant populations of Eryngium noeanum Boiss. and Eryngium iranicum Mozaff in Iran
        Abdolbaset Mahmoudi Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Mahdi Ayyari
        In this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations More
        In this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations of 1600, 1980, 2450, 2150, and 1400 m above the sea level were collected during the summer 2018. The shade-dried plant materials were hydro-distillated by a clevenger apparatus. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oils were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-FID, respectively. The essential oil contents were obtained as 0.3, 0.4, 0.55, 0.2, and 0.1% (w/w) for AL, AH, RZ, BA, and NP, respectively. The main components of essential oils were amorpha-4,11-diene (14.0, 17.6, 9.0, and 13.6%), δ-selinene (21.5, 40.5, 23.1, and 35.7%), spathulenol (4.6, 0.7, 6.4 and 5.5%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (3.4, 0.5, 6.7, and 4.4%), and cis-falcarinol (20.3, 1.0, 20.0, and 15.2%) for AL, AH, RZ, and BA, respectively. Also, the main components of the essential oils in NP sample were n-octanal (12.8%), myrtenol (12.5%), and cis-falcarinol (13.5%). The main compounds in different populations of E. noeanum and E. iranicum essential oils were sesquiterpenes (about 70-90%) and non-terpene (56%), respectively. Eryngium noeanum Boiss. is a medicinal rangeland and native plant of Iran, has not been given due attention. Despite prickly appearance, it has a big aerial part with considerable essential oil contents including valuable sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenic compounds ranking it among the highly commercial essential oils worldwide. This calls for many research studies in different fields as extensive biological studies on the essential oil components of this plant can greatly help determine and standardize its quality. Manuscript profile