Comparison of the essential oils of medicinal plant populations of Eryngium noeanum Boiss. and Eryngium iranicum Mozaff in Iran

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

Abdolbaset  Mahmoudi ¹ (Department of Horticulture/ Faculty of Agriculture/ Tarbiat Modares university/Tehran/Iran)
Mohammad-Taghi  Ebadi ² (Department of Horticulture/ Faculty of Agriculture/ Tarbiat Modares University/ Tehran/ Iran)
Mahdi  Ayyari ³ (Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2022-10-01 Accepted : 2023-05-29 Published : 2023-03-21

Keywords: Rangeland plants, Essential oil, Zul-e-Biabani, cis-Falcarinol, δ-Selinene,

Abstract :

In this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations of 1600, 1980, 2450, 2150, and 1400 m above the sea level were collected during the summer 2018. The shade-dried plant materials were hydro-distillated by a clevenger apparatus. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oils were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-FID, respectively. The essential oil contents were obtained as 0.3, 0.4, 0.55, 0.2, and 0.1% (w/w) for AL, AH, RZ, BA, and NP, respectively. The main components of essential oils were amorpha-4,11-diene (14.0, 17.6, 9.0, and 13.6%), δ-selinene (21.5, 40.5, 23.1, and 35.7%), spathulenol (4.6, 0.7, 6.4 and 5.5%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (3.4, 0.5, 6.7, and 4.4%), and cis-falcarinol (20.3, 1.0, 20.0, and 15.2%) for AL, AH, RZ, and BA, respectively. Also, the main components of the essential oils in NP sample were n-octanal (12.8%), myrtenol (12.5%), and cis-falcarinol (13.5%). The main compounds in different populations of E. noeanum and E. iranicum essential oils were sesquiterpenes (about 70-90%) and non-terpene (56%), respectively. Eryngium noeanum Boiss. is a medicinal rangeland and native plant of Iran, has not been given due attention. Despite prickly appearance, it has a big aerial part with considerable essential oil contents including valuable sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenic compounds ranking it among the highly commercial essential oils worldwide. This calls for many research studies in different fields as extensive biological studies on the essential oil components of this plant can greatly help determine and standardize its quality.

References:

Ale Omrani Nejad, S.M.H., Naghdi Badi, H., Mehrafarin, A., Abdossi, V. and Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F. 2019. The impact of macro environmental factors on essential oils of Oliveria decumbens Vent. from different regions of Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products. 14(2).

British Pharmacopoeia. 1988. British pharmacopoeia London HMSO. 137-138.

Brophy, J. J., Goldsack, R. J., Copeland, L. M. and Palá-Paúl, J. 2003. Essential oil of Eryngium L. species from New South Wales (Australia). Journal of Essential Oil Research. 15(6): 392-397.

Bylaitë, E., Roozen, J.P., Legger, A., Venskutonis, P.R. and Posthumus, M.A. 2000. Dynamic head space-gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of different anatomical parts of lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch) at eight growing stages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48(12): 6183-6190.

Capetanos, C., Saroglou, V., Marin, P. D., Simic, A. and Skaltsa, H. D. 2007. Essential oil analysis of two endemic Eryngium L. species from Serbia. Journal-serbian chemical Society. 72(10): 961-965.

Darriet, F., Andreani, S., De Cian, M. C., Costa, J. and Muselli, A. 2014. Chemical variability and antioxidant activity of Eryngium maritimum L. essential oils from Corsica and Sardinia. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 29(1): 3-13.

Duke, J.A., Buts-Godwin, M.J., du Cellier, J. and Duke, P.A. 2002. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, New York, 896p.

Farhang, S. A., Kheyri, A., Soleymani, A. and Zibaseresht, R. 2015. Evaluation of morphological traits and oil contents of Achillea aucheri from different altitudes. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products. 4(2): 219-223.

Hashemabadi, D. and Kaviani, B. 2011. Chemical constituents of essential oils extracted from the leaves and stems of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 14(6): 693-698.

Kikowska, M., Kalemba, D., Dlugaszewska, J. and Thiem, B. 2020. Chemical composition of essential oils from rare and endangered species—Eryngium maritimum L. and E. alpinum L. Journal of Plants. 9(4): 417.

Küpeli, E., Kartal, M., Aslan, S. and Yesilada, E. 2006. Comparative evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of Turkish Eryngium species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 107(1): 32-37.

Landoulsi, A., Roumy, V., Duhal, N., Skhiri, F. H., Rivière, C., Sahpaz, S. and Hennebelle, T. 2016. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from aerial parts and roots of Eryngium barrelieri Boiss. and Eryngium glomeratum Lam. from Tunisia. Chemistry & biodiversity. 13(12): 1720-1729.

Le Claire, E., Schwaiger, S., Banaigs, B., Stuppner, H. and Gafner, F. 2005. Distribution of a new rosmarinic acid derivative in Eryngium alpinum L. and other Apiaceae. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 53(11): 4367-4372.

Mahmoudi, A., Ayyari, M. and Ebadi, M.T. 2019. Chemical Composition of Essential Oils in Eryngium billardieri F. Delaroche from Three Different Regions in Iran. In: proceedings of 8th National Congress on Medicinal Plants, 24-25 April., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, pp. 454.

Mahmoudi, A., Ebadi, M. T. and Ayyari, M. 2020. Aerial parts volatile components of three different accessions of Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss. from Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 36(2): 245-258. (In Persian)

Marcetic, M., Petrovic, S., Milenkovic, M., Vujisic, L., Tesevic, V. and Niketic, M. 2014. Composition and antimicrobial activity of root essential oil of Balkan endemic species Eryngium palmatum. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 49(6): 1140-1142.

Merghache, D., Boucherit-Otmani, Z., Merghache, S., Chikhi, I., Selles, C. and Boucherit, K. 2014. Chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Algerian Eryngium tricuspidatum L. essential oil. Natural product research. 28(11): 795-807.

Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Iranian Flora, Umbelliferae (No. 54). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 596p. (In Persian)

Mozaffarian, V. 2012. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of iran. Farhang Moaser Published, 1350p. (In Persian)

Mozaffarian, V. 2013. Two new species and two new records of Apiaceae from Iran. Rostaniha. 14(1): 36-42.

Santos-Gomes, P. C. and Fernandes-Ferreira, M. 2001. Organ-and season-dependent variation in the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. cultivated at two different sites. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 49(6): 2908-2916.

Sefidkon, F., Dabiri, M. and Alamshahi, A. 2004. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Eryngium billardieri F. Delaroche from Iran. Journal of essential oil research. 16(1): 42-43.

Sepanlou, M. G., Ardakani, M. M., Hajimahmoodi, M., Sadrai, S., Amin, G. R., Sadeghi, N. and Lamardi, S. N. S. 2019. Ethnobotanical and traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Eryngium species growing in Iran. Traditional Medicine Research. 4(3): 148-159.

Sodeifian, G., Sajadian, S. A. and Ardestani, N. S. 2017. Experimental optimization and mathematical modeling of the supercritical fluid extraction of essential oil from Eryngium billardieri: application of simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 127: 146-157.

Thiem, B., Kikowska, M., Kurowska, A. and Kalemba, D. 2011. Essential oil composition of the different parts and in vitro shoot culture of Eryngium planum L. Molecules. 16(8): 7115-7124.

Thomas, P., Essien, E., Ntuk, S. and Choudhary, M. 2017. Eryngium foetidum L. essential oils: chemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Medicines. 4(2): 24.

Wong, K. C., Feng, M. C., Sam, T. W. and Tan, G. L. 1994. Composition of the leaf and root Oils of Eryngium foetidum L. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 6(4): 369-374.

Wörz, A. and Diekmann, H. 2010. Classification and evolution of the genus Eryngium L.(Apiaceae-Saniculoideae): results of fruit anatomical and petal morphological studies. Plant Diversity and Evolution. 128(3-4): 387-408.

Wörz, A. 2005. A new subgeneric classification of the genus Eryngium L. (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae). Botanische Jahrbücher. 126(2): 253-259.

Zhang, Z., Li, S., Ownby, S., Wang, P., Yuan, W., Zhang, W. and Beasley, R. S. 2008. Phenolic compounds and rare polyhydroxylated triterpenoid saponins from Eryngium yuccifolium. Phytochemistry. 69(10): 2070-2080.

Żukowski, W. and Jackowiak, B. 1995. Ginące i zagrożone rośliny naczyniowe Pomorza Zachodniego I Wielkopolski; Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe Poznań: Górna Wilda, Poland: 22-25.