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1 - Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in pure 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate room temperature ionic liquid and investigation of its photocatalytic properties
Mohammad Khodadadi Moghaddam Fatemeh Fallah Iri SolaTiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by modified sol—gel method using pure room temperature ionic liquid(RTIL) 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate as a reaction medium. The structure and morphology of TiO2nanoparticles were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (X أکثرTiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by modified sol—gel method using pure room temperature ionic liquid(RTIL) 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate as a reaction medium. The structure and morphology of TiO2nanoparticles were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET surface analysis and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in open and closed vessels. The TiO2nanoparticles prepared in open vessel present only anatase crystal phase after calcination at 500°C but the TiO2prepared in closed vessel presents anatase and rutile phases after calcination at 500°C. The photocatalyticefficiency decreases with increasing of ethanol and water as molecular solvent in preparation step ofnanoparticles. The degradation percent can reach over 97% at the optimal catalyst concentration (2.0 g/L) in 120minutes irradiation. تفاصيل المقالة -
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2 - Degradation of Phthalocyanine by a Core-Shell TiO2 Photocatalyst: Effect of Iron Dopping on Band Gap
Amir Hossein Haghighaty Shahram Moradi Dehaghi Kambiz LarijaniIn this research, initially, the sol-gel method was employed to produce γ-alumina and TiO2 catalysts with core-shell structure. Iron (III) was used as a dopant. The newlyproduced core-shells were Fe/TiO2// Fe/ γ-Al2O3 (FTFA). Sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine أکثرIn this research, initially, the sol-gel method was employed to produce γ-alumina and TiO2 catalysts with core-shell structure. Iron (III) was used as a dopant. The newlyproduced core-shells were Fe/TiO2// Fe/ γ-Al2O3 (FTFA). Sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine was used as a dye pollutant in Merox process. By doping Fe in TiO2 catalyst, the efficiency of photocatalytic activity in photodegradation of sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine was increased. Photocatalytic activity of Fe/TiO2// Fe/ γ-Al2O3 in UV irradiation was investigated and complete degradation of sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine was confirmed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Total Organic Carbon analysis. Structure, morphology, and specification of new core-shell composites of FTFA were studied using several spectroscopic techniques. The efficiency of the FTFA catalyst is very good in alkaline media and close to the TiO2 catalyst performance in acidic media. The complete destruction process was investigated with TOC and the synthesized catalyst degraded 5 ppm of solution polluted by SCP in a maximum of 30 min. تفاصيل المقالة -
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3 - Preparation and Characterization of Nano ZnFe2O4 Supported on Copper Slag and its Effects on the Degradation of p-Xylene Aqueous Solution
Hossein Malekhosseini Morteza Khosravi Kazem Mahanpoor Fereshteh MotieeOne of the problems in removing pollutants from water by photocatalytic methodsistheseparationof thecatalystfrom thesolution. In this study, the catalyst stabilization method was used to solve this problem. Nano ZnFe2O4 supported on Copper Slag (CS) produced in this res أکثرOne of the problems in removing pollutants from water by photocatalytic methodsistheseparationof thecatalystfrom thesolution. In this study, the catalyst stabilization method was used to solve this problem. Nano ZnFe2O4 supported on Copper Slag (CS) produced in this research is an environment-friendly, simple and cost-effective catalyst. ZnFe2O4 was prepared for co-precipitation methods and supported on CS by the thermal process. Its characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), BET surface area and X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The degradation of p-Xylene as a pollutant in water was performed by the UV + H2O2 process using ZnFe2O4/CS as a photocatalyst. Circulate Packed Bed Reactor (CPBR) was used. For photocatalytic degradation of the p-Xylene, full factorial experimental design with three factors containing pH, the initial concentration of p-Xylene and H2O2 in three levels was used. The best conditions were determined as pH= 9, the concentration of p-Xylene= 70 ppm and concentration of H2O2= 20 ppm. Degradation efficiency in the best condition was 95.40 %. This new catalyst can also be used in processes for organic pollutant degradation. تفاصيل المقالة -
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4 - Environmental Remediation of Organic Pollutants in Synthesized and Characterized Aqueous Suspension by Photochemical Method: A Kinetic Study
Z. Emadian Razavi R. Fazaeli M. Yousefi S. GhasemiComparative study of the of azo Dyes (as a class important organic pollutants photodegradation process) in aqueous solution employing H2 O2 /UV and K2 S2 O8 /UV systems in a photochemical reactor were investigated. Lead zirconate titanate [Pb (Zr0.58Ti0.42) O3 ] (PZT) n أکثرComparative study of the of azo Dyes (as a class important organic pollutants photodegradation process) in aqueous solution employing H2 O2 /UV and K2 S2 O8 /UV systems in a photochemical reactor were investigated. Lead zirconate titanate [Pb (Zr0.58Ti0.42) O3 ] (PZT) nanocatalyst was synthesized via the sol-gel method. Then, photocatalytic properties of dopant type on PZT were determined in a UV photoreactor in the presence of different radical generators. These comparative studies showed that PZT/TiO2 and PZT/TiO2 /FeCl3 have higher efficiency than the others. تفاصيل المقالة -
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5 - Photodegradation of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous Solution under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation Conditions using Babolrood River Water
Seyed-Ali Sobhanian Abbas Ahmadi Babak Nahri-NiknafsChlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide, used to control foliage and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In the natural environment, Chlorpyrifos can be degraded through several possible processes, including photodegradation, biodegradati أکثرChlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide, used to control foliage and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In the natural environment, Chlorpyrifos can be degraded through several possible processes, including photodegradation, biodegradation, and hydrolysis. In the present work the photodegradation and environmental fate of Chlorpyrifos in aqueous phase under simulated natural conditions in the presence of artificial UV-light was investigated. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification of Chlorpyrifos photodegradation products suggested the formation of only one major product, i.e., Chlorpyrifosoxon. Based on the structurally identified photoproduct a plausible degradation pathway is proposed for the photolysis of Chlorpyrifos in natural water over UV irradiated. تفاصيل المقالة -
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6 - High efficient solar light photocatalytic degradation of malachite green by solid state synthesized Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 ﴾M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) nanomaterials
Ladan Roohandeh Alireza Hakimyfard Mohammad SamimifarNanostructured Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 ﴾M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) nanomaterials were synthesized by conventional one-step solid state crystal growth reactions among Bi(NO3)3, SnCl2 and M2O3 raw materials at 800 ̊C for 10 and 15 h. The doped nanomaterials were synthe أکثرNanostructured Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 ﴾M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) nanomaterials were synthesized by conventional one-step solid state crystal growth reactions among Bi(NO3)3, SnCl2 and M2O3 raw materials at 800 ̊C for 10 and 15 h. The doped nanomaterials were synthesized to study the capacity of the crystal system to locate each of the dopant ions into the crystal system cavities. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique. Rietveld analysis showed that the obtained materials were crystallized well in orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group Aba2. The PXRD data revealed that dopant ion type had a considerable influence on the crystal phase purity of the obtained targets. The morphologies of the synthesized materials were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. Ultraviolet-visible spectra analysis showed that the synthesized nanomaterials had strong light absorption in the ultraviolet light region. Photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanomaterials was investigated for the degradation of pollutant Malachite Green under solar light condition. The optimum conditions were modeled and obtained by design expert software for Bi2Sn2O7 that was synthesized at 800 ̊C for 10 h which were 0.06 mL H2O2, 12 mg catalyst and 40 min for the removal of 50 mL of 40 ppm MG solution. The degradation yield in these conditions was 100 %. The photocatalytic degradation fitted to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. As a result of the model, the kinetic of degradation followed a pseudo-zero-order kinetic model. تفاصيل المقالة -
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7 - Variable band-gap Sr-hexagonal ferrites on carboxylated graphene oxide composite as an efficient photocatalytic semiconductor
Masomeh Taghipour Mohammad Yousefi Reza Fazaeli Masoud Darvish GanjiIn this study, Sr Gdx Fe(12 –x) O19 nanostructures (x= 0, 0.2(3% Gd), 0.4 (6%Gd),0.6(9%Gd), 0.8 (12%Gd)) were synthesized by self-combustion sol-gel method and then calcined at the temperature of for 3 h. This compound was then composited with functionalized graph أکثرIn this study, Sr Gdx Fe(12 –x) O19 nanostructures (x= 0, 0.2(3% Gd), 0.4 (6%Gd),0.6(9%Gd), 0.8 (12%Gd)) were synthesized by self-combustion sol-gel method and then calcined at the temperature of for 3 h. This compound was then composited with functionalized graphene oxide (GO) for the photocatalytic degradation of Enrofeloxacin. FESEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR analysis were employed to investigate the particle size, elemental composition, morphological structure, functional groups determination and structural composition of the samples. VSM, BET-BJH, TGA-DTA, DRS and zeta potential analysis were also used to assess the magnetic properties, surface area, thermal stability, band-gap determination and suspension stability of the specimens, respectively. For evaluation of performance, photocatalytic degradation of Enrofeloxacin (an antibiotic that is widely used for domestic animals) is performed. The results showed that the 3% and 6% Gd-doped composites had the highest efficiencies in the photocatalytic reaction.This research reports the successful synthesis of SrGdxFe12-xO19/GO-COOH composites and its characterization by various techniques. The results indicated that SrGdxFe12-xO19/GO-COOH composite can be employed as an applicable candidate for the photodegradation of ENR antibiotic drug from pharmaceutical industry effluent as well as the water resources. Analysis of the results by statistical software based on the response surface method showed that the prolongation of the radiation time and catalyst mass, as well as pH reduction, can enhance the efficiency of ENR photodegradation. By increasing the pollutant concentration, however, the degradation efficiency declined. تفاصيل المقالة -
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8 - Exfoliated graphite/Selenium-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites for Photodegradation of Organic Dye in Water and Its Antibacterial Activity Against Aater Borne Pathogens
Olubori Idowu Sonde Moses Gbenga Peleyeju Fatai Oladipupo Oladoyinbo Adejare Rasaq Oloyede Tajudeen Adeniyi Afolabi Hameed Adekola Adesokan Omotayo Ademola Arotiba Enoch Olugbenga DareWe report the synthesis and application of a novel Exfoliated graphite/Selenium-Zinc oxide (EG/Se-ZnO) nanocomposite for photodegradation of methylene blue dye and its antibacterial activity. The composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. Applicability of أکثرWe report the synthesis and application of a novel Exfoliated graphite/Selenium-Zinc oxide (EG/Se-ZnO) nanocomposite for photodegradation of methylene blue dye and its antibacterial activity. The composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. Applicability of EG/ Se-ZnO nanocomposite as photocatalyst was investigated by the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as a model for organic pollutant. The XRD has its highest peak at 101 which indicated that ion diffusion was free from solvent viscosity (peak at 002). FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of EG/Se-ZnO nanocomposite as band at 882 cm-1 and 612 cm-1, 727 cm-1, 1373 cm-1 were associated with vibrational frequency of ZnO lattice and Selenium respectively. The SEM revealed cloudy large particles of the synthesized EG/Se-ZnO composite. TEM image revealed mini-rodlike nanoparticles. 99.5% degradation of methylene blue dye was achieved within 90 minutes of irradiation. The reactions followed first order kinetics with the rate constant of 5.79x10 -2 min-1 and R2 value of 0.9. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of EG/Se-ZnO was ascribed to the capability of graphitic layers to accept and transport electrons from the excited ZnO promoting charge separation. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated for the ZnO (bulk) and EG/Se-ZnO nanocomposite against the control (ciprofloxacin) and zone of inhibition observed was on E. coli and E.cloacae respectively depicted that EG/Se-ZnO was more effective on E. coli relatively to bulk ZnO. Thus, EG/Se-ZnO nanocomposite can be used for photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation. تفاصيل المقالة -
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9 - Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of SnO microflowers with nanosheet subunits
Masoomeh Siminghad Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayati Shabnam Sheshmani Roya AhmadiIn this study, simple ionic liquid-assisted preparation of SnO microflowers with nanosheet subunitsunder reflux condition without calcination were described. Samples were synthesized using 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [pmim]Br, as an ionic liquid in different m أکثرIn this study, simple ionic liquid-assisted preparation of SnO microflowers with nanosheet subunitsunder reflux condition without calcination were described. Samples were synthesized using 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [pmim]Br, as an ionic liquid in different molar ratio, sodium hydroxideand Tin(II) chloride. The results show that SnO with high purity and uniform size distribution wasobtained using 1:4:4 molar ratios of SnCl2/NaOH/IL by simple reflux method and the ionic liquidonly acts as a suitable template. The characterization of the products was carried out by FT-IR, X-raypowder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS) and DRS techniques. Photodegradation of Remazol Black B (RBB) from the aqueous solutionwas investigated by SnO nanosheets (93.48% dye removal). The rate of degradation of RBB in thepresence of SnO is distinctive by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.79). تفاصيل المقالة -
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10 - High efficient solar light photocatalytic degradation of malachite green by solid state synthesized Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 (M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) nanomaterials
hassan GHEISARI Ebrahim Karamian Ali SoheilyNanostructured Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 (M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+)nanomaterials were synthesized by conventional one-step solid state crystalgrowth reactions among Bi(NO3)3, SnCl2 and M2O3 raw materials at 800 ̊C for 10and 15 h. The doped nanomaterials were synthesiz أکثرNanostructured Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 (M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+)nanomaterials were synthesized by conventional one-step solid state crystalgrowth reactions among Bi(NO3)3, SnCl2 and M2O3 raw materials at 800 ̊C for 10and 15 h. The doped nanomaterials were synthesized to study the capacity of thecrystal system to locate each of the dopant ions into the crystal system cavities.The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) technique. Rietveld analysis showed that the obtained materials werecrystallized well in orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group Aba2.The PXRD data revealed that dopant ion type had a considerable influence on thecrystal phase purity of the obtained targets. The morphologies of the synthesizedmaterials were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)technique. Ultraviolet-visible spectra analysis showed that the synthesizednanomaterials had strong light absorption in the ultraviolet light region.Photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanomaterials was investigatedfor the degradation of pollutant Malachite Green under solar light condition. Theoptimum conditions were modeled and obtained by design expert software forBi2Sn2O7 that was synthesized at 800 ̊C for 10 h which were 0.06 mL H2O2, 12mg catalyst and 40 min for the removal of 50 mL of 40 ppm MG solution. Thedegradation yield in these conditions was 100 %. The photocatalytic degradationfitted to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. As a result of the model, thekinetic of degradation followed a pseudo-zero-order kinetic model. تفاصيل المقالة -
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11 - Taguchi optimization of photodegradation of yellow water of trinitrotoluene production catalyzed by nanoparticles TiO2/N under visible light
Hamid Reza Pouretedal Mohammad Fallahgar Fahimeh Sotoudeh Pourhasan Mohammad NasiriTaguchi experimental design technique was used for optimization of photodegradation of yellow water sample of trinitrotoluene (TNT) production process. The nanoparticles of doped N-TiO2 were also used as photocatalysts in the photodegradation reaction under visible ligh أکثرTaguchi experimental design technique was used for optimization of photodegradation of yellow water sample of trinitrotoluene (TNT) production process. The nanoparticles of doped N-TiO2 were also used as photocatalysts in the photodegradation reaction under visible light. The ranking of data based on signal to noise ratio values showed that the importance order of the factors affecting the degradation efficiency was: the nature of photocatalyst > time of photodegradation > amount of photocatalyst > initial concentration of pollutant. The optimized conditions were photocatalyst of TiO2/N0.1 photocatalyst dosage of 1.5 g L-1 and dilution times of 750 for real samples. The photocatalyst of TiO2/N0.1 was analyzed by BET surface analysis, X-ray diffraction pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectra (DTS). Relatively high surface area of 150 m2×g-1, anatase/rutile structure, approximately uniform distribution of nanoparticles size and band-gap energy of 2.92 eV were measured for TiO2/N0.1 nanophotocatalyst. A linear model with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.887 was obtained by the multiple linear regression analysis. The proposed model was "Degradation efficiency (Y) = 20.492 +1.461X1 +6.330X2 + 0.014X3 +2.291X4". The obtained P-values in the confidence level of 95% were < 0.05, showing a meaningful addition in the model. Therefore, changes in the predictor’s value are due to changes in the response variable. تفاصيل المقالة -
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12 - Fluidized bed photoreactor for the removal of acetaminophen and pyridine using Al-doped TiO2 supported on alumina
Carlos Montalvo Ruby Sheila Gines Denis Cantu Alejandro Ruiz Claudia Aguilar Isai Perez Rosa Maria CeronIn this investigation, a fluidized bed photocatalytic reaction system was designed to eliminate emerging contaminants: acetaminophen and pyridine in water. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with aluminum (Al3+) using the photo-deposition technique was used as a catalyst and أکثرIn this investigation, a fluidized bed photocatalytic reaction system was designed to eliminate emerging contaminants: acetaminophen and pyridine in water. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with aluminum (Al3+) using the photo-deposition technique was used as a catalyst and supported on alumina beads (Al2O3). The catalyst´s doping was carried out by photo deposition with aluminum particles. The reactor, which is a quartz vessel with a capacity of 500 mL, where aluminum pearl, was previously impregnated with titanium oxide and calcined at 550 °C. The reactor feeding was carried out using a pump at a flow of 0.5 L/min; two lamps of UV light with 365 nm were used. The synthesized catalyst was characterized through Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, showing adequate impregnation of aluminum in the formed compound. Photoactivity analysis of the catalyst was performed at different contaminant concentrations, from 5-40 ppm for acetaminophen and 5-60 ppm for pyridine. Mineralization of more than 85% acetaminophen and 70 % pyridine was achieved after 300 min of UV illumination. The results demonstrate that using this photocatalytic arrangement as a decontamination technique for the pollutants such as acetaminophen and pyridine is feasible. تفاصيل المقالة -
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13 - Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using NiAl2O4 and Co doped NiAl2O4 nanophotocatalysts prepared by simple one pot wet chemical synthetic route
M. Arunkumar A. Samson NesarajNovel metal oxides have been studied worldwide due to their potential uses in ecological refinement, particularly to eliminate organic impurities present in water. In this work, we report the preparation of Ni1-xCoxAl2O4-δ (where x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) na أکثرNovel metal oxides have been studied worldwide due to their potential uses in ecological refinement, particularly to eliminate organic impurities present in water. In this work, we report the preparation of Ni1-xCoxAl2O4-δ (where x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) nanoparticles by simple chemical precipitation route. The as-synthesized spinel particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), UV-Vis Spectroscopy (UV) and Photo Luminescence (PL) Spectroscopy techniques. The XRD results affirmed the development of the cubic structure in all the samples. FT-IR confirmed the presence of the M-O bond. Particle characteristics statistics showed the existence of particles in the range of 36-741 nm range. SEM analysis strengthened the presence of various sized grains (nano and micron) in the samples. EDX analysis affirmed the existence of an appropriate amount of elements (Ni, Al, Co and O) in all the samples. The band gap of Co doped NiAl2O4 was in between 2.8 – 3.0 eV, which was in line with the reported data. The PL spectra exhibited a strong peak at around 450 nm in the samples. From UV studies, the λmax was around 310 nm in all the prepared samples. The photoluminescent characteristics of the samples were confirmed by PL studies and their photoemission was found at 437 nm. Among the samples studied, the parent NiAl2O4 shows more efficiency in degrading the malachite green (MG) dye than other Co doped NiAl2O4 photocatalysts under the irradiation of visible light at the wavelength of 616nm at normal temperature. تفاصيل المقالة -
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14 - Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by Terminalia arjuna bark extract and photodegradation of rose bengal
Mrunal Vishnu Kangralkar Manjanna JayappaIn this study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized by green route under microwave irradiation. Terminalia arjuna bark extract was used for synthesis, which acts as reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized FeNPs were characterised by UV-Visible spectra, X- أکثرIn this study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized by green route under microwave irradiation. Terminalia arjuna bark extract was used for synthesis, which acts as reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized FeNPs were characterised by UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), BET surface area and UV-DRS (diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer). The absorption spectra of FeNPs showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 280 nm. The photocatalytic activity of rose bengal by FeNPs was studied under sunlight and UV light (250 W) of photocatalytic reactor. The percentage of photodegradation of RB was 83 % and 95 %, in about 240 min and 200 min in sunlight and UV light, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of RB by Fe NPs follows pseudo-first order kinetics. The photodegradation of RB was confirmed by LC-MS analysis. تفاصيل المقالة -
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15 - Applying Taguchi method to optimize the synthesis conditions of ZrO2/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite for high-performance photodegradation of Congo red
Toktam Seyedi-Chokanlou Shokufeh Aghabeygi Nasibeh Molahasani Fahimeh AbrinaeiIn this work, ZrO2/TiO2/ZnO ternary nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel technique. The Taguchi method with the L9 orthogonal array was utilized to optimize the experimental conditions for the preparation of nanocomposites. The design has four factors, and each f أکثرIn this work, ZrO2/TiO2/ZnO ternary nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel technique. The Taguchi method with the L9 orthogonal array was utilized to optimize the experimental conditions for the preparation of nanocomposites. The design has four factors, and each factor has three levels. The design factors of this study were calcination temperature, the aging time, the calcination time, and ultrasonic irradiation duration. Furthermore, as-synthesized structural features of nanocomposites were characterized, utilizing XRD, BET, FESEM, and EDX. The photocatalytic activities of all ZrO2/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites were evaluated by the photodegradation of Congo red (CR) as an azo dye. The photocatalytic property of nanocomposites was enhanced by decreasing particle size and increasing the surface area. The best sample photodegraded 97% the CR solution within 15 min under an 8W UV lamp. The optimal conditions were achieved as 400 ºC calcination temperature, 72 h aging time, 4 h calcination time, and 30 min duration of ultrasonic irradiation for CR solution photodegradation. The effect of each parameter was evaluated using ANOVA analysis. The kinetics results showed the pseudo-first-order reaction mechanism for the photocatalytic activities of the nanocomposites. تفاصيل المقالة -
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16 - Preparation and characterization of SnO2-BiVO4-CuO catalyst and kinetics of phenazopyridine photodegradation
Ailin Yousefi Alireza Nezamzadeh-EjhiehHere, SnO2, BiVO4, and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were hydrothermally synthesized and mixed in an agate mortar mechanically. The coupled ternary SnO2-BiVO4-CuO (SBC) catalyst and the individual NPs were then briefly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning أکثرHere, SnO2, BiVO4, and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were hydrothermally synthesized and mixed in an agate mortar mechanically. The coupled ternary SnO2-BiVO4-CuO (SBC) catalyst and the individual NPs were then briefly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Average crystallite size of 25 nm was obtained from the XRD data based on the Scherrer formula. The absorption edge (λAE) values of 1095, 430, 558, and 636 nm, corresponding to the band gap (Eg) values of 1.13, 2.88, 2.22, and 1.95 eV, were respectively obtained for the as-synthesized CuO, SnO2, and BiVO4 NPs and the as-prepared ternary SBC catalyst based on DRS results. The PZP degradation% of 11, 15, 17, and 24% were obtained by the CuO, SnO2, BiVO4 NPs, and SBC catalyst (with the same moles of each component). But, when the moles of BiVO4 in the SBC were two times greater than the others, about 43% of PZP were removed. The k-value of 9.9 × 10-3 min-1 corresponding to the t1/2-value of 70 min was obtained by applying the Hinshelwood plot on the photodegradation results. Photodegradation experiments were carried out in pH 5, CPhP: 3.35 ppm, and catalyst dosage: 0.55 g L-1. Further, when the photodegraded solutions were subject to the COD experiment, the Hinshelwood plots showed a slope of 0.01 min-1 which corresponds to the t1/2-value of 69.3 min. تفاصيل المقالة -
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17 - Facile wet chemical synthesis and characterization of zinc doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for enhanced photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye under illumination of UV light
Leena Vinolia Thaninki Arputharaj Samson Nesaraj Manasai ArunkumarIn this study, we discuss the wet chemical synthesis and experimental analysis of zinc doped Gd2O3(Gd2-xZnxO3-δ) nanoparticles where, x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The cubic crystalline structure is derived from XRD results and the existence of metal-oxide bon أکثرIn this study, we discuss the wet chemical synthesis and experimental analysis of zinc doped Gd2O3(Gd2-xZnxO3-δ) nanoparticles where, x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The cubic crystalline structure is derived from XRD results and the existence of metal-oxide bond has been confirmed from FTIR studies. According to SEM and PSA analysis, the produced nanoparticles are found to be of nano size. The EDX data verified the presence of Gd, Zn, and O in the samples. Based on UV-visible spectroscopy, the band gap and λmax values were computed. In an aqueous medium and under UV light irradiation, the photodegradation of Rhodamine B over Zn doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles was studied. It was observed that Gd1.50Zn0.50O3-δ has exhibited 82% of photo-degradation of the dye solution which further increased to 96% because of increasing the catalyst loading. The effect of pH and the concentration of the dye are also reported. According to the kinetic analysis, the photocatalysis process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. A radical scavenger technique was used to further examine and identify the function of photoactive species. تفاصيل المقالة -
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18 - The most important parameters that affect the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanostructures against organic dyes: A Review
Marwa Jawad Kadhim Mazin Auny Mahdi Abbas Mohammed Selman Salwan Kamal Jamel Al-Ani Jalal Jabar Hassan Naser Mohammed AhmedOrganic dyes are among the main sources of water pollution that cause serious health problems for living organisms. Removing dye pollution from water sources is important because of its high toxicity, so it has attracted the interest of researchers. Heterogeneous photoc أکثرOrganic dyes are among the main sources of water pollution that cause serious health problems for living organisms. Removing dye pollution from water sources is important because of its high toxicity, so it has attracted the interest of researchers. Heterogeneous photocatalysis based on ZnO is one of the most important methods of pollution treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the use of ZnO nanostructure and ZnO modified as photocatalysts.The studied mechanism of dye photocatalytic activity and the most important factors affecting the photocatalytic process are discussed. The major effective parameters associated with the surface and morphology to look upon for the efficient photodegradation of organic pollution are structural and average particle size, surface area, band gap crystalline structure, surface density, and porosity. The photodegradation reactions depend on the state of ionization as well as on the surface charge of the photocatalyst and organic dye because pH will determine the charge of the catalyst according to the medium. On the other hand, the calcination temperature was increased throughout the work to break down the pores, which reduces the surface area of the synthesis photocatalyst. The type of dye has an important influence on the success of the photocatalytic process. تفاصيل المقالة -
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19 - Doping TiO2 by Cr from tannery wastewater for improving its activity under visible light in the dye degradation
Endang Wahyuni Sri Wahyuni Mandrea Nora Novianti Lestari Suherman SuhermanThis paper deals with the comparison of the Cr (III) dopant from tannery wastewater to the Cr (III) from the pure salt solution on the character and activity of TiO2. The doping was conducted by hydrothermal method, and the Cr-doped TiO2 prepared was characterized by UV أکثرThis paper deals with the comparison of the Cr (III) dopant from tannery wastewater to the Cr (III) from the pure salt solution on the character and activity of TiO2. The doping was conducted by hydrothermal method, and the Cr-doped TiO2 prepared was characterized by UV specular reflectance (SRUV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence instruments. The effect of the Cr (III) doping on the activity of the TiO2 was evaluated by Congo red photodegradation. The research results reveal that Cr (III) doping on TiO2 has been successfully reducing remarkably the band gap energy (Eg) from 3.13 eV to 2.64 eV, shifting into the visible region, and further noticeably improving TiO2 activity. The effect of the Cr (III) doping from the wastewater is found to be slightly higher than that of the salt solution. The highest degradation of 10 mg/L Congo red in 50 mL solution, can be reached by applying 30 mg of the photocatalyst in 60 mins and at pH 7. تفاصيل المقالة -
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20 - Preparation and Characterization of WO3 Nanosheets and Au/WO3 Nanocomposite for Rabid Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye
Fatima Allawi Abdul Sajad Hanaa Egzar Mazin MAhdiThe sol-gel technique is employed for the synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanosheets. The Au/WO3 nanocomposite is prepared using laser ablation employing an Nd-YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm and utilizing gold metal. The SEM images demonstrate that أکثرThe sol-gel technique is employed for the synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanosheets. The Au/WO3 nanocomposite is prepared using laser ablation employing an Nd-YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm and utilizing gold metal. The SEM images demonstrate that WO3 was formed as nanosheets with a thickness between 36nm and 80nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the monoclinic crystal structure and high crystallinity of the WO3 structure. The optical absorption of both WO3 nanosheets and Au/WO3 nanocomposite exhibited a pronounced absorption edge, with an energy gap of 2.52 eV and 2.41 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of WO3 nanosheets and Au/WO3 nanocomposite was determined by degrading Methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation using different catalyst doses and pH values. The WO3 nanosheets and Au/WO3 nanocomposites that were prepared demonstrate a fast degradationof MB dye. The highest photodegradation efficiency (PDE) of MB dye was 75.9% when 0.05 g of Au/WO3 nanocomposite was exposed to 7 pH for 6 min of irradiation. Nevertheless, an increase of pH led to a corresponding rise in PDE. Particularly, the PDE values reached 85.5% and 95.7% when using 0.1 g of WO3 nanosheets and Au/WO3 nanocomposite, respectively, under the conditions in a pH level of 12 and an irradiation duration of 6 minutes. تفاصيل المقالة -
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21 - Application of TiO2–zeolite as photocatalyst for photodegradation of some organic pollutants
Azadeh BahranifardImmobilization of catalysts on the surface of some inert supports makes therecovering step easier. Because of the specific physicochemical properties, zeolites are good candidate as catalyst supports. In this study, zeolite X was synthesized by natural kaolin and TiO2 w أکثرImmobilization of catalysts on the surface of some inert supports makes therecovering step easier. Because of the specific physicochemical properties, zeolites are good candidate as catalyst supports. In this study, zeolite X was synthesized by natural kaolin and TiO2 was incorporated into zeolite phase by impregnation method. Degradation of Safranin Orange, methylene blue and 2,4–dinitroaniline was studied in the presence and absence of ultraviolet radiation. The effect of experimental parameters including TiO2 loading,photocatalyst amount, irradiation time, pH and initial concentration were studied. Adsorption and photodegradation of the pollutants followed first–order kinetics.Adsorption isotherms were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The higher activity obtained for TiO2supported onzeolite X is attributed to the greater adsorption of the pollutants on the zeolite surface as compared to pure TiO2. تفاصيل المقالة -
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22 - Photocatalytic efficiency of CuFe2O4 by supporting on clinoptilolite in the decolorization of acid red 206 aqueous solutions
Azar Bagheri Ghomi Vahid AshayeriIn this paper CuFe2O4, nanocrystalline powders were prepared. Also, the supported Cu ferrite was obtained by impregnation of the supports with Cu and Fe nitrates solutions, for calcination temperature 450 ºC. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffracti أکثرIn this paper CuFe2O4, nanocrystalline powders were prepared. Also, the supported Cu ferrite was obtained by impregnation of the supports with Cu and Fe nitrates solutions, for calcination temperature 450 ºC. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Photocatalytic degradation of acid red 206 in water was studied. CuFe2O4 was supported on Clinoptilolite using solid-state dispersion (SSD) method. The results show that the CuFe2O4/zeoliteis an active photocatalyst. The maximum effect of photodegradation was observed at 10 wt. %CuFe2O4, 90 %wt. Clinoptilolite. A first order reaction with k = 0.123 min-1 was observed. The effects of some parameters such as pH, amount of photocatalyst, initial concentration of dye were examined. تفاصيل المقالة -
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23 - Modified Titania Impact on Photocatalytic Efficiency of Bmim [Cl]
Aina Farwizah Shahhiran Raihan Mahirah Ramli Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd ZaidABSTRACT: Titania has been one of the promising alternatives in treating environmental pollution issues and was considered in various applications due to its flexible behaviour. Many studies have been conducted to test its phase-changing properties and adaptive ability أکثرABSTRACT: Titania has been one of the promising alternatives in treating environmental pollution issues and was considered in various applications due to its flexible behaviour. Many studies have been conducted to test its phase-changing properties and adaptive ability such as calcination process, and metal and nonmetal modification using mono-doped or co-doped elements. In the present study, the photocatalyst was developed from embedment with activated carbon (AC) followed by co-doping of Cu2+ and Fe3+ metal ions. The photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, BET and FESEM. The synthesized photocatalyst was tested in the photocatalytic degradation system for ionic liquid (IL) at the optimized parameters which includes solution pH = 6, [photocatalyst] = 1 g/L and [H2O2] = 0.75 ml/L. The co-doped product exhibited a smaller crystalline sizes as compared to bare TiO2. In addition, copper and iron dopants are well dispersed into the TiO2 lattice as no additional phases were detected. Maximum degradation of 77% of 0.11mM IL was recorded in the Cu:Fe-TiO2/AC system after 240 min of visible light irradiation. The system’s efficiency in terms of tested photocatalysts is in the order of P25 < TiO2 < TiO2/AC < Cu:Fe-TiO2/AC, respectively. تفاصيل المقالة
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