بررسی میزان تطابق اصول واسازی با معماری بومی روستایی گیلان
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایسید مهدی امیرکیایی 1 , سید مجید مفیدی شمیرانی 2 , محمد جواد مهدوی نژاد 3 , محمد مهدی رییس سمیعی 4
1 - گروه معماری، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: واسازی, معماری بومی روستایی گیلان, مصالح بومی, اتصالات, باز استفاده اجزا و مصالح,
چکیده مقاله :
روش واسازی از ابتدای فرآیند طراحی، امکان استفاده مجدد از اجزا و مصالح ساختمان را مد نظر قرار می دهد که موجب کاهش مصرف منابع جدید، انرژی، کاهش ضایعات و حفظ محیط زیست خواهد شد. بررسی معماری بومی در برخی مناطق، اصول به کار رفته مشابهی در ساختار بناها را با اصل واسازی نشان می‌دهد. نوعی از این معماری بومی، در شمال ایران و در استان گیلان وجود دارد. معماری بومی روستایی گیلان دارای ویژگی‌های منحصر به فردی به لحاظ ساختاری و فرمی می‌باشد که بنا و اجزای آن به دلیل تکنیک اجرا و نوع اتصالات و مصالح مناسب، قابلیت واسازی دارند. هدف از این پژوهش، تعریفی از واسازی، اصول، اهداف، مزایا و بررسی معماری بومی روستایی گیلان و ساختارهای تشکیل دهنده آن و میزان انطباق پذیری این معماری با اصول واسازی است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی و جمع آوری اطلاعات میدانی، داده های مورد نظر جمع آوری و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. پژوهشگران نمونه‌های جامعه آماری را مطالعه کرده و برای بدست آوردن نتایج، مورد بررسی قرار داده اند. جامعه آماری، خانه‌های بومی روستایی استان گیلان و حجم نمونه، برخی بناهای منتخب می‌باشد که با تکنیک انتخاب هدفمند برگزیده شده‌اند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل ها نشان می دهد که معماری بومی روستایی گیلان به دلیل تکنیک اجرا، استفاده از اتصالات و مصالح مناسب، قابلیت واسازی داشته و با اصول واسازی مطابقت دارد.
The dismantling method since the beginning of the design process makes it possible to reuse the components and materials of the building. This will reduce the consumption of new resources and energy,the waste generation and will protect the environment. The study of vernacular architecture in some regions shows similar principles in the structure of buildings with the principle of dismantling. A kind of vernacular architecture exists in northern Iran and in Guilan province. Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has its own unique structural and formal features whose its components are capable of dismantling due to the run technique ,type of fittings and proper materials. The purpose of this research is to define the dismantling, principles, objectives and its benefits as well as the investigation of Guilan rural vernacular architecture and its constituent structures and the degree of adaptability of this architecture to dismantling method. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Based on library and documentary studies and collecting field information, the data will be collected and analyzed.The statistical population includes rural vernacular houses of Guilan and sample size is some selected buildings chosen by targeted selection technique. The results of analyzes show that Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has the ability to dismantle due to the implementation technique, the use of fittings and appropriate materials and conforms to the principles of dismantling
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Kibert, CH, J., Chini, A, R., & Languell. J. (2001). Deconstruction as an Essential Component of Sustainable Construction. Presented at the CIB World Building Congress, Wellington, New Zealand.
Khakpour, M. (2011). Identification of Traditional Architectural Materials and Structures of Villages in Guilan. Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Guilan Province. (In Persian)
Mahmoudi, M., & Nikghadam. N. (2009). Architectural Design Considering Deconstruction and Reinstallation of Components. Journal of Fine Arts, 39, 25-36. (In Persian)
Sigrid Nordby, A. (2009). Salvageabilityof building materials Reasons, criteria and consequences regarding architectural designthat facilitate reuse and recycling. Thesis for degree of Philosophia Doctor. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Zabusova, D. (2014). Design for Deconstruction. Bachlor of Architectural Technology and Construction Management. VIA University College, Horsenes, Denmark.
_||_Barkkume. A. (2008). Deconstruction and Design for Disassembly. Newjersey Institute of Tecnology, Newjersey school of Architecture.
Cakici, F.z. (2005). The process and Feasibility of building Deconstruction A case study in Ankara.Thesis for Master of science in building science in Architecture. Middle east Technical university, Ankara, Turkey.
Chini, A.R. (2001). Deconstruction and Materials Reuse: Technology, Economic, and policy In CIB publication 266. paper presented at the proceedings of the CIB Task Group 39- Deconstruction Meeting CIB world Building Congress university of Florida, Wellington, Newzealand.
Chiodo, J. (2005). Design for Disassembly Guidelines. Retrieved 2015, Feb. 12. From http://www.activedisassembly.com
Durmisevic, E. (2006). Transformable Building Structures, Design for disassembly as away to introduce sustainable engineering to building design & construction. university of Delft. Delft, Netherlands.
Endicott, B., Fiato, A., Foster, S., Huang, T., & Totev, P. (2005). Research on Building Deconstruction In CE 268 Civil Systems and the Environment. University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Favi, C., & Germani, M. (2014). A Design for Disassembly Approach to Analyze and Manage End_of _life options for industrial products in the Early Design phase-Tecnology and manufacturing process selection, springer series in Advanced Manufacturing, verlage London, UK.
Favi, C., Germani, M., Mandolini, M., & Marconi, M. (2012). Lean DfD: A Design for Disassembly Approach to Evaluate the Feasibility of Different End_|of_life scenarios for industrial Products. Paper presented at the 1th CIRP International conference on life cycle Engineering,Berkeley, USA.
Franzoni, E. (2011). Materials Selection For Green Buildings: Which Tools For Engineers and Architects?. Elsevier, Science Direct, Procedia Engineering, International Conference on Green Buildings AND Sustainable Cities, 883-890.
Horner, R., M.W., Simon, M., & Haram, M. El. (2007). Cradle-to-cradle - A concept for the disposal of Buildings at the End of their Lives?. Paper presented at the International Conference on Whole Life Urban Sustainability and its Assessment, Glasgow, Scotland.
Isik, A. (2003). Disassembly and Re-use of Building Materials: A Case Study on Salvaged Timber Components. Master of Science. The Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Jaillon, L., & Poon, Ch.S. (2010). Design Issue of using prefabrication in hongkong building construction, construction management and economics28. Taylor and Francis, 1025-1042.
Jaillon, L., & Poon, GS. (2014). Life cycle design and prefabrication in Buildings: A review and case studies in HongKong. Elsevier. Automation in Construction,39, 195-202.
Kibert, CH, J., Chini, A, R., & Languell. J. (2001). Deconstruction as an Essential Component of Sustainable Construction. Presented at the CIB World Building Congress, Wellington, New Zealand.
Khakpour, M. (2011). Identification of Traditional Architectural Materials and Structures of Villages in Guilan. Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Guilan Province. (In Persian)
Mahmoudi, M., & Nikghadam. N. (2009). Architectural Design Considering Deconstruction and Reinstallation of Components. Journal of Fine Arts, 39, 25-36. (In Persian)
Sigrid Nordby, A. (2009). Salvageabilityof building materials Reasons, criteria and consequences regarding architectural designthat facilitate reuse and recycling. Thesis for degree of Philosophia Doctor. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Zabusova, D. (2014). Design for Deconstruction. Bachlor of Architectural Technology and Construction Management. VIA University College, Horsenes, Denmark.