تحلیل عوامل موثر بر بازآفرینی فضاهای تاریخی شهر (مطالعه موردی: میدان مشق، تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
زهره فنی
1
(دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
فرزانه شیرزادی
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، سازمان زیباسازی شهر تهران، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: کارکرد فرهنگی, رویکرد بازآفرینی شهری, افت فضای شهری, میدان مشق,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر مبتنی بر رویکرد باززنده سازی شهری با تاکید بر فضای میدان مشق، با هدف بررسی ارتقا کیفیت آن از طریق القای روح کارکرد‌های اجتماعی و جذب دوباره مردم به آناست؛ لذا کوشش دارد ضمن دستیابی به مدلی مفهومی، مهم‌ترین ابعاد تأثیرگذار و تأثیرپذیر کیفیت فضای شهری ارائه و سپس از طریق بررسی ترکیبی نظرات مردم و کارشناسان، مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌های تأثیرگذار بر باززنده سازی مجموعه میدان مشق تبیین شود. درنتیجه، تحلیلی دقیق‌تر از کیفیت مکان بدست می دهد و می‌تواند مبنایی برای فرآیند تصمیم سازی باشد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی با ماهیت تحلیلی-توصیفی است. مبانی نظری با مطالعات اسنادی-کتابخانه ای و اطلاعات و داده ها از طریق تهیه پرسش نامه و انجام مصاحبه با بهره‌وران و صاحب‌نظران گردآوری و تنظیم شدند. جامعه آماری را ساکنان و صاحبان مشاغل محدوده و نیز متخصصان و کارشناسان در زمینه بهسازی و مرمت فضایی-کالبدی تشکیل می‌دهند. شاخص های مورد بررسی شامل چهار دسته عوامل فعالیتی-کارکردی، کالبدی-فضائی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و سیما- منظر است. در نهایت، نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که برپایه تعیین ضرایب 40 متغیر مورد بررسی، متغیرهای فعالیت‌های فرهنگی- هنری، فعالیت‌های غیررسمی، زندگی شبانه، فعالیت‌های گردشگری و تفریحی مقیاس کارکردی، نورپردازی، مبلمان شهری، بسته و محدود بودن فضا، تأثیر چیدمان عناصر فضا در ارتباط و تعامل میان افراد، نظارت و امنیت، حضور افراد، چشم‌اندازها و مناظر، خاطره انگیزی فضا، بر بازآفرینی و احیاء کارکردی میدان مشق موثر هستند.
This research is based on approach of restoring the urban space in improving the quality of space through induction spirit of social functions and re-attracting people to urban space. Therefore, we have efforted to provide a conceptual model of main influential and influencing aspects on urban space’s quality. Then, by examining the views of people and experts, it is explained components and effective factors on the revitalization of Mashgh Complex. It provides a closer analysis of place's quality and could be a basis for the decision making process. The research is of theoretical/practical with analytical-descriptive nature. Its theoretical foundations was set through documentary, library studies and information/data have provided through interviews and questionnaires collected from beneficiaries and experts. The study society contains the residents and business owners as well as professionals and experts in the field of rehabilitation and restoration of environment-physical. Study indicators are four categories of activity-functional, physical-spatial, socio-cultural and vision-view. The results showed that base on the coefficients of 40 studied varieties, variables of arts and cultural activities, informal activities, nightlife, tourism and recreational activities functional scale, lighting, street furniture, closed space, the effect of the arrangement of space on communication and interaction between people, monitoring and security, the presence of people, landscape and scenery, memorability of space are influenced on the regeneration and functional restoration.
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_||_Bavand Consultant Engineers. (2002). Study of urban development issues in Region 12, Demographic and Economic Studies. Urban and Urban Development Department of Tehran Municipality. (In Persian).
Bavand Consulting Engineers. (2002). Study of urban development issues in District 12. Housing Studies, Department of Urban and Urban Development of Tehran Municipality. (In Persian).
Bavand Consulting Engineers. (2004). Development Plan of Region 12. First Edition, Urban Development and Architecture; Department of Tehran Municipality. (In Persian).
Booth, Ph. (2005). Partnerships and networks: The governance of urban regeneration in Britain, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 20, 257–269
Booth, Ph. (2005). Cultural Heritage and Arts and Tourism Organization. Partnerships and networks: The governance of urban regeneration in Britain. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 20, 257-269. (In Persian).
Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Iran. Encyclopedia of the history of Iranshahr architecture. (2012). (In Persian).
Daneshpour, Z. (2008). Introducing a Step by Step Problem-Solving. Fine Arts Journal, 36. 21-28. (In Persian).
Fanni, Z. (2014). Contemporary Urban Studies and Geography (Fundemental Concepts and Perspectives). Tehran: SAMT Pub. (In Persian).
Fanni Z., Heidari, A., Rostami, M., & Najafi, H. (2017). Cultural Planning for Urban Centers. Tehran: Hekmat Pub. (In Persian).
Gunder M. (2011). Commentary: Is Urban Design Still Urban Planning? An Exploration and Response. Journal of Planning Education and Research 31 (2) 184-195
Habibi, S. M., & Maqsudi, M. (2002). Urban Restoration. Tehran University Press (In Persian).
Lang, T. (2005). Insights in the British Debate about Urban Decline and Urban Regeneration. Working paper (http: www. irs-net.de)
Mee Kam, Ng. (2005). Quality of life perceptions and directions for urban regeneration in Hong Kong. Social Indicators Research, 71, 441-465.
Mokhtari A., & Raissi Amjad, M. (2001). Report of Mashgh Square. Cultural Heritage and Arts and Tourism Organization. (In Persian).
Namdari, Y. (2006). The Application of Urban Rehabilitation Approach in Down Towns of Sheikh Jamshid Shiraz. Thesis, Master Thesis (Unpublished), Shahid Beheshti University (In Persian).
NEMW. (2001). Strategies for Successful Infill development, Northeast-Midwest Institute Congress for the New Urbanism. Retrieved from: http://www.nemw.org/infillbook.html (2008)
Pakzad, J. (2006). Theoretical Foundations and Urban Design Process. Tehran: Ministry of Housing Publications. (In Persian).
Parsi, H. R. (2002). Understanding the Content of Urban Space. Quarterly Journal of Fine Arts, 11, 9-17. (In Persian)
Shahri, J. (2004). Old Tehran. Vol.1, Tehran: Moein Publications.
Shahrivar, M. R. (2004). Report of Mashgh. Post Museum, not published.
Shapiro, M. J. (2010). The time of the city: Politics, philosophy and genre, Routledge.
Silverman, R.M. (2006). Central City Socioeconomic Characteristics and Public Participation Strategies, a Comparative Analysis of the Niagara Falls Region's Municipalities in the USA and Canada. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 26 (3/4), 138-153.
Sorkin, M. (2011). The End(s) of Urban Design, in: Reading in Urban Theory, Third Edition, Edited by Sisan S. Fainstein and Scott Campbell, Black well Pub. LTD.
Steinacker A. (2003). Infill Development and Affordable Housing patterns from 1996 to 2000, Urban Affairs Review, 38 (4), 492-509
Togeby, L. (2004). How Organizational Participation Affects Political Participation and Social Trust among Second Generation Immigrants in Denmark. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30 (3), 509-528.