بررسی عوامل موثر بر مهاجرت روستاییان در شهرستان سردشت
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
رضا موحدی
1
(دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
مسعود سامیان
2
(دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران)
کلید واژه: برنامه ریزی توسعه روستایی, مهاجرت روستا-شهری, روستاهای شهرستان سردشت,
چکیده مقاله :
بیشترتحقیقات انجام شده در خصوص مهاجرت روستاییان به شهر ها، عمدتاً بدنبال بررسی علل و عوامل این پدیده هستند تا بتوانند برای برنامه ریزی های توسعه روستایی راهکارها و راه حل های مناسب تری ارائه دهند. پژوهش حاضر نیز به بررسی عوامل مختلف موثر بر مهاجرت روستا - شهری شهرستان سردشت پرداخته است. این تحقیق از نظر ماهیت، در زمره تحقیقات کمی و توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نظر شیوه جمع آوری داده های مورد نیاز، نوعی تحقیق پیمایشی محسوب می شود. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها پرسش نامه بود که روایی پرسش نامه مورد بررسی صوری قرار گرفته و پایایی آن نیز با اجرای آزمون کرونباخ مورد تایید قرار گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق مهاجران 10روستای شهرستان سردشت بودند که ساکن شهرها شده بودند و تعداد آن ها 600 نفر بود. با بهره گیری از فرمول کوکران تعداد 120 نفر از آن ها به طور تصادفی از جامعه کل انتخاب شد. با توجه به نتایج مطالعه حاضر می توان عوامل مؤثر بر مهاجرت های روستا – شهری مهاجران شهرستان سردشت را به ده عامل تقسیم کرد، که این عوامل در مجموع تبیین کننده بیش از 74 درصد عوامل موثر بر مهاجرت می باشند که عبارتند از: عامل اقتصادی و حمایتی 23 درصد، عامل عدم تعادل بین امکانات روستا و شهر 10 درصد، عامل ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی 8 درصد، عامل فرهنگی 8 درصد، عامل جغرافیایی 5 درصد، عامل درآمدی 4 درصد، عامل زیرساختی 4 درصد، عامل آب و هوایی 3 درصد، عامل اجتماعی 3 درصد، و عامل فردی 2 درصد.
Most of researches on rural immigration to cities have mainly focused on identifying reasons and factors for taking place this emigration until new solutions and strategies can be presented for rural development planning. Therefore, this study has focused on exploring various factors affecting the rural immigration to Sardasht city. The study was a quantitative and descriptive-analytic in terms of nature but in terms of data collection method it has used a kind of surveying methodology. Data collection tool was a questionnaire that validated by face validity method as well as the questionnaire's reliability tested by using a Cronbach's Alpha technique. Statistical society of the study was emigrants of 10 villages of Sardasht that have been settled in cities and their population was 600 people. Using Cochran formula, 120 of them were selected from the whole society randomly. According to the results of this study, factors affecting emigration of rural immigrants in Sardasht city can be divided into ten factors that these factors, in total, determine more than 74% of effective factors in emigration: economic and supportive (23%), imbalance between rural and urban facilities (10%), communication and information (8%), cultural (8%), geographical (5%), income (4%), infrastructure (4%), weather and climate (3%), social (3%), and personal factors (2%).
Anderson, J. R. (2002). Risk in Rural Development: Challenges for Managers and Police.- arrangement. World Development, 25 (4), 589-594.
Azani, M., & Bostani, S. (2013). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Rural-Urban Migration Case Study (Mamasani County). Journal of Geographical Space, 13 (41), 93-111. (In Persian).
Baghaei, M., Cheizari, M., & Nourozi, A. (2006). Rural migration is a challenge for developing countries. Journal Jahad, 26 (273), 292-307. (In Persian).
Baniasadian, M., Zarehmehrjerdi, M. & Varmeziyari, H. (2013). Investigating the Economic Factors Affecting the Immigration of Villagers in Iran. Journal Agricultural Economics Research, 5 (5), 183-196. (In Persian).
Bilsborrow, E. R. (1996). The state of the Art and Overview of the Chapters, n Migraton, urbanization and development: new directions and ssus, Bilsborrow, E. R. (Ed.), pp. 1-56.
Bostani, A., & Javani, K. (2014). The Implications of Rural Household Immigration to Arabic Shkhors. The case of central part of Larestan city. Journal of space economics and rural development, 3 (1), 93-105. (In Persian).
Bures, R. M. (1997). Migration and the life course: is there a retirement transition? International Journal of Population Geography banner, Jun; 3(2):109-19.
Charney, H. (1993). Migration and public sector: a survey by Alberta regional Cooperation. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.
Fawcett T. J. and et al. (1982). Reasons for Moving and Migration Behavior, world Development, Vol. for the Advancement of Women (June). Remittances on their from the Kayes area (western Mali)”, Oxford Development Studies.
Hoseiniabari, S. (2001). Introduction to Rural Geography of Iran. Esfahan: Isfahan University Press.
Hunt, G. (1993). Equilibrium and migration study modeling, regional study IMF Staff Papers (Washington). 52 (1), (April). Immigrant remittance flows a source of capital for development?" Macroeconomía del Desarrollo. No. 26 (August), Santiago de Chile.
Micaniki, J., Sarzahi, Z. & Eskandari, M. (2016). Spatial function of small cities in relation to the surrounding villages: Sarbisheh city. Journal of space economics and rural development, 5 (1), 43-60. (In Persian).
Mohamadi, B., Ghadrmasom, M., & Mahdavi, M. (2004). The Role of Natural Geographical Factors in Immigration and Rural Immigration in Zanjan Province. Journal Geographic research, 36 (49), 203-228. (In Persian).
Nasiri, A., Esmaeilfar, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2016). Impact of Immigration on Urban Development Using the SWOT Model, Case Study: Babylon. Journal of Urban Ecology Research, 7 (2), 55-65. (In Persian).
Ohlers, A. (2001). Dezful and its periphery in Iran: City-Village, Nomads (translated by Abbas Saeidi). Tehran: Nizar Nei. (In Persian).
Safaeipour, M., Amanpour, S., & Bastami, Z. (2011). Analysis and study of the role of migration in the physical-spatial development of Yasuj city. Journal of Research in New Attitudes in Human Geography, 3 (4), 145-158. (In Persian).
Sajadpour, S. (2005). Conceptual and Operational Framework for International Immigration Management in Iran. Journal of geographic research, 78, 9-30. (In Persian).
Shefer, D. and Steinvortz, L. (1993). Rural- to urban migration pattern in Colombia. Vol 17 (1): pp: 50-133.
Taherkhani, M. (2001). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Village-Urban Migrations. Journal of geographic research, 16 (3), 67-93. (In Persian).
Taherkhani, M. (2001). Recognition of Factors Affecting Urban Migration with Emphasis on Migration of Rural Youth in Qazvin Province. Journal Modares, 6 (2), 41-60. (In Persian).
Wenk deeann & hardest Constance. (1993). the affects of rural – to – urban migration on the poverty
Zanjani, H. (2001). Migration. Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books of Universities. (In Persian).
_||_Anderson, J. R. (2002). Risk in Rural Development: Challenges for Managers and Police.- arrangement. World Development, 25 (4), 589-594.
Azani, M., & Bostani, S. (2013). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Rural-Urban Migration Case Study (Mamasani County). Journal of Geographical Space, 13 (41), 93-111. (In Persian).
Baghaei, M., Cheizari, M., & Nourozi, A. (2006). Rural migration is a challenge for developing countries. Journal Jahad, 26 (273), 292-307. (In Persian).
Baniasadian, M., Zarehmehrjerdi, M. & Varmeziyari, H. (2013). Investigating the Economic Factors Affecting the Immigration of Villagers in Iran. Journal Agricultural Economics Research, 5 (5), 183-196. (In Persian).
Bilsborrow, E. R. (1996). The state of the Art and Overview of the Chapters, n Migraton, urbanization and development: new directions and ssus, Bilsborrow, E. R. (Ed.), pp. 1-56.
Bostani, A., & Javani, K. (2014). The Implications of Rural Household Immigration to Arabic Shkhors. The case of central part of Larestan city. Journal of space economics and rural development, 3 (1), 93-105. (In Persian).
Bures, R. M. (1997). Migration and the life course: is there a retirement transition? International Journal of Population Geography banner, Jun; 3(2):109-19.
Charney, H. (1993). Migration and public sector: a survey by Alberta regional Cooperation. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.
Fawcett T. J. and et al. (1982). Reasons for Moving and Migration Behavior, world Development, Vol. for the Advancement of Women (June). Remittances on their from the Kayes area (western Mali)”, Oxford Development Studies.
Hoseiniabari, S. (2001). Introduction to Rural Geography of Iran. Esfahan: Isfahan University Press.
Hunt, G. (1993). Equilibrium and migration study modeling, regional study IMF Staff Papers (Washington). 52 (1), (April). Immigrant remittance flows a source of capital for development?" Macroeconomía del Desarrollo. No. 26 (August), Santiago de Chile.
Micaniki, J., Sarzahi, Z. & Eskandari, M. (2016). Spatial function of small cities in relation to the surrounding villages: Sarbisheh city. Journal of space economics and rural development, 5 (1), 43-60. (In Persian).
Mohamadi, B., Ghadrmasom, M., & Mahdavi, M. (2004). The Role of Natural Geographical Factors in Immigration and Rural Immigration in Zanjan Province. Journal Geographic research, 36 (49), 203-228. (In Persian).
Nasiri, A., Esmaeilfar, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2016). Impact of Immigration on Urban Development Using the SWOT Model, Case Study: Babylon. Journal of Urban Ecology Research, 7 (2), 55-65. (In Persian).
Ohlers, A. (2001). Dezful and its periphery in Iran: City-Village, Nomads (translated by Abbas Saeidi). Tehran: Nizar Nei. (In Persian).
Safaeipour, M., Amanpour, S., & Bastami, Z. (2011). Analysis and study of the role of migration in the physical-spatial development of Yasuj city. Journal of Research in New Attitudes in Human Geography, 3 (4), 145-158. (In Persian).
Sajadpour, S. (2005). Conceptual and Operational Framework for International Immigration Management in Iran. Journal of geographic research, 78, 9-30. (In Persian).
Shefer, D. and Steinvortz, L. (1993). Rural- to urban migration pattern in Colombia. Vol 17 (1): pp: 50-133.
Taherkhani, M. (2001). An Analysis of Factors Affecting Village-Urban Migrations. Journal of geographic research, 16 (3), 67-93. (In Persian).
Taherkhani, M. (2001). Recognition of Factors Affecting Urban Migration with Emphasis on Migration of Rural Youth in Qazvin Province. Journal Modares, 6 (2), 41-60. (In Persian).
Wenk deeann & hardest Constance. (1993). the affects of rural – to – urban migration on the poverty
Zanjani, H. (2001). Migration. Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books of Universities. (In Persian).