بررسی اثرات ریز گردها در بروز چالش سکونتگاههای انسانی در فضای شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان آبادان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایمحسن شایان 1 , سیروس قنبری 2 , فرخنده سلمانپور 3 , محمود میری 4 , مریم ثنایی قهی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
3 - دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
4 - کارشناس ارشدجغرافیاوبرنامه ریزی روستایی،دانشگاه اصفهان،اصفهان،ایران
5 - دانشجوی دکترای آب و هواشناسی سینوپتیک ، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران،تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: فضای شهری, آبادان, ریز گردها, سکونتگاههای انسانی,
چکیده مقاله :
فرسایش بادی و معضلات مربوط به آن، هرساله خسارات سنگینی به بخش‌های محیط زیستی، اجتماعی و سلامت جامعه وارد می‌کند . در ایران نیز بهدلیل وسعت مناطق خشک و گردوغبارهایی که هرساله بخش وسیعی از کشور را تحت پوشش قرار می‌دهند، مقابله و هدایتبهینه این پدیده حائز اهمیت است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثرات ریز گردها در بروز چالش های اجتماعی در فضای شهری آبادان است. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است. جامعه ی موردمطالعه شامل کلیه ی ساکنین شهرآبادان هست (۲۸۳۶۰۱ = N). نمونه ی موردمطالعه به روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای و با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 250نفر انتخاب گردید. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات میدانی پرسشنامه ی محقق ساخته بود که روایی آن با استفاده از نظرات کارشناسان مربوطه و اساتید دانشگاه پس از اصلاحات لازمه مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. پایایی ابزار موردتحقیق با استفاده از پیش‌آزمون (با استفاده از 30 پرسشنامه) و محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ موردبررسی قرار گرفت که نتایج پیش‌آزمون پایایی ابزار موردتحقیق را تأیید نمود (آلفای کرونباخ 7/0). نتایج حاصل از مطالعات میدانی در محیط SPSS ، نشان داد که میزان آگاهی اکثریت مردم منطقه از عوارض و اثرات این پدیده در حد متوسط بوده اما آن‌ها به ناچار محکوم‌به ادامه زندگی در شرایط تحمیلی بروز این پدیده هستند. نتایج حاصل از اثرات ریز گردها بر عوامل موردمطالعه نشان داد که این امر تهدیدی جدی برای سلامت جسم و روان ساکنین و محیط‌زیست آن‌هاست، همچنین ازنظر عامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی باعث کاهش تفریح وفعالیت های ورزشی شده است. کاهش درآمد ساکنین یکی از شاخص های عامل اقتصادی است که در جریان پدیده ریز گردها به شدت تحت تأثیر قرارگرفته است.
Every year, wind erosion and its related problems imposed heavily damages to the environment, social and health parts of the society. Iran, due to the extent of dry-scrubbing and dust that cover each year a large part of the country, coping and optimal guidance of this phenomenon is very important. The objective of this study was effects analysis of microgrids in occurring the challenge of human settlements in urban space of Abadan. The population under study included all citizens of Abadan city (N=283601). The sample under study were 250 persons which were selected by stratified sampling method and by the use of Cochran formula. The tool for collecting field study data was a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed using the views of the relevant experts and university professors after necessary reforms. The reliability of the study tool was assessed using pre-test (using 30 questionnaires) and Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated and the results of the pre-test confirmed the reliability of the research tool (Cronbach alpha, 0.7). The results which had been done by the use of SPSS software determined that the level of the awareness of majority of people of that region form the effects of its complications and effects was at average level, but they were in forced to continue living with that in forced phenomenon. The results of the effects of the microgrids on the factors studied showed that this matter posed a serious threat to the physical and mental well-being of the settlements and their environment. It also reduced recreation and sports activities in terms of cultural and social factors. Reducing residents' income was one of the economic factor indexes that had been affected by the phenomenon of microorganisms.
Al-Hurban, A.E., & Al-Ostad, A.N . (2010). Textural characteristics of dust fallout and potential effect on public health in Kuwait City and suburbs. Environmental geology, 60 (1), 169-181.
Almasi, A., Moradi, M., Sharafi, K., & Abbasi, sh. (2015). Seasonal changes in Kermanshah air quality in terms of PM10 concentration during the 4-year-90-1387. Health Journal, 2 (2), 149-158. (In Persian)
Asghari poudeh, Z., Shafi'zadeh, M., fakheran, S., & Gilani, A.R. (2016). Assessment and zoning changes space-time dust storms using DSI index in Khuzestan province. Second National Conference on Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Natural Resources Engineering, Tehran, martyr Beheshti University. (In Persian)
Azizi, Gh., Shamsipour, A.A., Miri, M., & Safarrad, T. (2012). Statistical analysis - Synoptic dust phenomenon in Iran's western half. Environmental Studies, 38 (3), 123-134. (In Persian)
Azizifar, M.N.K., Mohammadian, M., Safdari, M., & KHazaee, M. (2011). The survey of air quality and suspended particles with aerometric diameter in qom city air. Journal of qom University of Medical Science, 5, 59-63.
Babaei Fini, O.A.S., Safarzadeh, T., & Karim, M. (2015). Analysis of spatial-temporal occurrence of dust in the West of Iran. Environmental Studies, 40 (2), 375-388. (In Persian)
Bahiraie, H., Ayaz, M.H., Rajai, M., & Ahmed, H. (2011). Synoptic statistical analysis of the two dust events in Ilam province. Journal - oriented research new methods in human geography, 4 (1), 47-67. (In Persian)
Danesh jafari, D., Amadeh, H., & Khoonsiyaveshan, Sh. (2015). Estimated damage caused by the phenomenon of dust on the health of people in Iran Case study: Khuzestan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan. Journal of Ecology, 41 (3), 573-587. (In Persian)
Engelstaedter, S. Tegen, I., & Washington, R . (2006). North African dust emissions and transport. Earth-Science Reviews, 79 (1-2), 73-100.
Fattahi, M., Assari, A., Sadeghi,H., & Asgharpour, H. (2015). Analyzing the relationship between air pollution and public health costs: dynamic panel data approach. Journal of Economic Modeling, 9 (31), 43- 60. (In Persian)
Fazeli, D. (2011). Synoptic study the impact of dust on human health in Iilam Province. Master's thesis was published, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Faculty of Letters, Department of Geography. (In Persian)
Fei, J., David, D. Z., Harry, F. L., & Yong-Jian, H. (2012). Extreme dust storm disaster in northern China in AD 1523. Asian Geographer, 29 (2), 77-87.
Griffin, DW. (2007). Atmospheric Movement of Microorganisms in Clouds of Desert Dust and Implications for Human Health, Clinical Microbiology Reviews .
Heidari, M.T. (2007). Dust and atmospheric pattern generator to the west of the country. Journal of Meteorology Organization of Kermanshah, 11-12. (In Persian)
Hossein Zadeh, J., & Poorsiyahbidi, M.M. (2011). Fine dusts and its effects on the performance of some crops in Ilam province. National Conference on climate change and its impact on agriculture and the environment, Urmia, Urmia University. (In Persian)
Karimi Ahmedabad, M., Shokohi razi, K. (2011). The interaction of atmospheric circulation and land cover in the mechanism of the formation and spread of dust storms in the Middle East summer. Natural Geography Research Journal, 78, 113, 130. (In Persian)
Khaledi, K. (2013). Economic losses dust storms over the western provinces of Iran Case Study: Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah. Journal of Economic Modeling, 7 (3), 105-125. (In Persian)
Khoshakhlagh, F., Najafi, M. S., Ramanzadeh, S.M., Shirazi, M.H., & Samadi, M. (2013). The composition of the dust in the west and south western Iran. Journal of geography and environmental hazards, 6, 17-36. (In Persian)
Loingigh, T. McTanish, G.H., Tews, E.K.,Strong, C.L., Leys, J.F., Shinkfield, P., Tapper, N. J. (2014). The Dust Storm Index (DSI): A method for monitoring broad scale wind erosion using meteorological records. Aeolian Research, 12 (2014) 29- 40.
Mehrabi, Sh., pour Ghaiyoomi, Kh., Mousavi, Z., & Tavakoli, H. (2011). A review of the effects of fine dusts. National Conference on climate change and its impact on agriculture and the environment, Urmia, West Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources. (In Persian)
Mehrabi, Sh., Soltani, S., & Jafari, R. (2015). The Relationship between climatic factors and the occurrence of dust: A Case Study of Khuzestan province. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, 19 (71), 69- 80. (In Persian)
Miri, A., Ahmadi, H., Ghanbari, A., & Moghaddamnia, A . (2007). Dust Storms Impacts on Air Pollution and Public Health under Hot and Dry Climate. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 1(2),101-105.
Modaberi, A., Khademikiya, S. (2012). Zagros fine dusts impact on human societies. The first national conference on environmental law and natural resources Zagros, Khorramabad. Lorestan Governor's Office of Emergency Management.(In Persian)
Nasiri, I., Ahmadi, H., & Ahmedi, T. (2014). Statistical analysis of the risk of occurrence of dust providing smart city concept to deal with it: a case study in Iilam and Dehloran. Journal of Geography and Development Area, 12 (23), 129-154. (In Persian)
Raeispour, K., Ajdari Moghaddam, M., & Aziragholi, M. A. (2011). Dust detection system synoptic patterns in southwest Iran: A Case Study of Khuzestan province. The first national conference Meteorological Iran, Kerman, Graduate University of Advanced Technology. (In Persian)
Rasouli, A. A., Sari,Sarraf, B., &Gholamhousien, M. (2010). Analysis of the climatic phenomenon of dust in the West Country in the last 55 years using non-parametric statistical methods. Natural Geographical Journal, 3 (9), 15-28.
Rayvandi, A., Mirkoni, M., & Mohmmad baha, A. (2013). The formation and spread of dust storms entrance to the West and South West of Iran using Lagrangian particle model. Journal of Ecology, 4 (13-14), 1- 16. (In Persian)
Shahrisvand, M., Akhundzade Hanzany, M., & Sori, A.H. (2014). Identify dust Drtsavyr satellite using support vector machine methods, artificial neural network and decision tree. Journal of Science and Technology mapping, 4 (3), 131-144. (In Persian)
Shahsavani, A., Yar Ahmadi, M., Jafarzadeh Haghighifard, N., Naim Abadi, A., Mahmoodian, M.H., Saki, H., Solat, M.H., Soleimani, Z., & Naddafi, Kazem. (2010). Dust storm effects on health and the environment. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 2 (5), 45-65. (In Persian)
Sissakian,V.K., Al-Ansari, N., & Knutsson, S. (2013). Sand and dust storm events in Iraq. Natural Science, 2 (10), 1084-1094.
Taee Semiromi, S., Moradi, H.R., Khodagholi, M.A., & Akhormeh, M. (2013). Identify and examine the factors that affect dust in the West of Iran. Journal of humans and the environment, 27, 1-10. (In Persian)
Tavousi, T., Khosravi, M., Raeespour, K. (2010). Dust Hmdbd analysis system in the province. Geography and Development, 20, 79-118. (In Persian)
Yarahmadi, D., Nasir, B., Khoushkish, A., & Nikbakht, H. (1393). The impact of climate fluctuations on the occurrence of the phenomenon of dust and dust Case Ghbarmtalە West and South West of Iran. Journal of Engineering desert ecosystems, 3 (5), 2-19. (In Persian)
Zanganeh, M. (2014). Meteorological dust storms in Iran. Journal of Applied Climatology, 1 (1), 1-12. (In Persian)
_||_Al-Hurban, A.E., & Al-Ostad, A.N . (2010). Textural characteristics of dust fallout and potential effect on public health in Kuwait City and suburbs. Environmental geology, 60 (1), 169-181.
Almasi, A., Moradi, M., Sharafi, K., & Abbasi, sh. (2015). Seasonal changes in Kermanshah air quality in terms of PM10 concentration during the 4-year-90-1387. Health Journal, 2 (2), 149-158. (In Persian)
Asghari poudeh, Z., Shafi'zadeh, M., fakheran, S., & Gilani, A.R. (2016). Assessment and zoning changes space-time dust storms using DSI index in Khuzestan province. Second National Conference on Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Natural Resources Engineering, Tehran, martyr Beheshti University. (In Persian)
Azizi, Gh., Shamsipour, A.A., Miri, M., & Safarrad, T. (2012). Statistical analysis - Synoptic dust phenomenon in Iran's western half. Environmental Studies, 38 (3), 123-134. (In Persian)
Azizifar, M.N.K., Mohammadian, M., Safdari, M., & KHazaee, M. (2011). The survey of air quality and suspended particles with aerometric diameter in qom city air. Journal of qom University of Medical Science, 5, 59-63.
Babaei Fini, O.A.S., Safarzadeh, T., & Karim, M. (2015). Analysis of spatial-temporal occurrence of dust in the West of Iran. Environmental Studies, 40 (2), 375-388. (In Persian)
Bahiraie, H., Ayaz, M.H., Rajai, M., & Ahmed, H. (2011). Synoptic statistical analysis of the two dust events in Ilam province. Journal - oriented research new methods in human geography, 4 (1), 47-67. (In Persian)
Danesh jafari, D., Amadeh, H., & Khoonsiyaveshan, Sh. (2015). Estimated damage caused by the phenomenon of dust on the health of people in Iran Case study: Khuzestan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan. Journal of Ecology, 41 (3), 573-587. (In Persian)
Engelstaedter, S. Tegen, I., & Washington, R . (2006). North African dust emissions and transport. Earth-Science Reviews, 79 (1-2), 73-100.
Fattahi, M., Assari, A., Sadeghi,H., & Asgharpour, H. (2015). Analyzing the relationship between air pollution and public health costs: dynamic panel data approach. Journal of Economic Modeling, 9 (31), 43- 60. (In Persian)
Fazeli, D. (2011). Synoptic study the impact of dust on human health in Iilam Province. Master's thesis was published, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Faculty of Letters, Department of Geography. (In Persian)
Fei, J., David, D. Z., Harry, F. L., & Yong-Jian, H. (2012). Extreme dust storm disaster in northern China in AD 1523. Asian Geographer, 29 (2), 77-87.
Griffin, DW. (2007). Atmospheric Movement of Microorganisms in Clouds of Desert Dust and Implications for Human Health, Clinical Microbiology Reviews .
Heidari, M.T. (2007). Dust and atmospheric pattern generator to the west of the country. Journal of Meteorology Organization of Kermanshah, 11-12. (In Persian)
Hossein Zadeh, J., & Poorsiyahbidi, M.M. (2011). Fine dusts and its effects on the performance of some crops in Ilam province. National Conference on climate change and its impact on agriculture and the environment, Urmia, Urmia University. (In Persian)
Karimi Ahmedabad, M., Shokohi razi, K. (2011). The interaction of atmospheric circulation and land cover in the mechanism of the formation and spread of dust storms in the Middle East summer. Natural Geography Research Journal, 78, 113, 130. (In Persian)
Khaledi, K. (2013). Economic losses dust storms over the western provinces of Iran Case Study: Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah. Journal of Economic Modeling, 7 (3), 105-125. (In Persian)
Khoshakhlagh, F., Najafi, M. S., Ramanzadeh, S.M., Shirazi, M.H., & Samadi, M. (2013). The composition of the dust in the west and south western Iran. Journal of geography and environmental hazards, 6, 17-36. (In Persian)
Loingigh, T. McTanish, G.H., Tews, E.K.,Strong, C.L., Leys, J.F., Shinkfield, P., Tapper, N. J. (2014). The Dust Storm Index (DSI): A method for monitoring broad scale wind erosion using meteorological records. Aeolian Research, 12 (2014) 29- 40.
Mehrabi, Sh., pour Ghaiyoomi, Kh., Mousavi, Z., & Tavakoli, H. (2011). A review of the effects of fine dusts. National Conference on climate change and its impact on agriculture and the environment, Urmia, West Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources. (In Persian)
Mehrabi, Sh., Soltani, S., & Jafari, R. (2015). The Relationship between climatic factors and the occurrence of dust: A Case Study of Khuzestan province. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, 19 (71), 69- 80. (In Persian)
Miri, A., Ahmadi, H., Ghanbari, A., & Moghaddamnia, A . (2007). Dust Storms Impacts on Air Pollution and Public Health under Hot and Dry Climate. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 1(2),101-105.
Modaberi, A., Khademikiya, S. (2012). Zagros fine dusts impact on human societies. The first national conference on environmental law and natural resources Zagros, Khorramabad. Lorestan Governor's Office of Emergency Management.(In Persian)
Nasiri, I., Ahmadi, H., & Ahmedi, T. (2014). Statistical analysis of the risk of occurrence of dust providing smart city concept to deal with it: a case study in Iilam and Dehloran. Journal of Geography and Development Area, 12 (23), 129-154. (In Persian)
Raeispour, K., Ajdari Moghaddam, M., & Aziragholi, M. A. (2011). Dust detection system synoptic patterns in southwest Iran: A Case Study of Khuzestan province. The first national conference Meteorological Iran, Kerman, Graduate University of Advanced Technology. (In Persian)
Rasouli, A. A., Sari,Sarraf, B., &Gholamhousien, M. (2010). Analysis of the climatic phenomenon of dust in the West Country in the last 55 years using non-parametric statistical methods. Natural Geographical Journal, 3 (9), 15-28.
Rayvandi, A., Mirkoni, M., & Mohmmad baha, A. (2013). The formation and spread of dust storms entrance to the West and South West of Iran using Lagrangian particle model. Journal of Ecology, 4 (13-14), 1- 16. (In Persian)
Shahrisvand, M., Akhundzade Hanzany, M., & Sori, A.H. (2014). Identify dust Drtsavyr satellite using support vector machine methods, artificial neural network and decision tree. Journal of Science and Technology mapping, 4 (3), 131-144. (In Persian)
Shahsavani, A., Yar Ahmadi, M., Jafarzadeh Haghighifard, N., Naim Abadi, A., Mahmoodian, M.H., Saki, H., Solat, M.H., Soleimani, Z., & Naddafi, Kazem. (2010). Dust storm effects on health and the environment. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 2 (5), 45-65. (In Persian)
Sissakian,V.K., Al-Ansari, N., & Knutsson, S. (2013). Sand and dust storm events in Iraq. Natural Science, 2 (10), 1084-1094.
Taee Semiromi, S., Moradi, H.R., Khodagholi, M.A., & Akhormeh, M. (2013). Identify and examine the factors that affect dust in the West of Iran. Journal of humans and the environment, 27, 1-10. (In Persian)
Tavousi, T., Khosravi, M., Raeespour, K. (2010). Dust Hmdbd analysis system in the province. Geography and Development, 20, 79-118. (In Persian)
Yarahmadi, D., Nasir, B., Khoushkish, A., & Nikbakht, H. (1393). The impact of climate fluctuations on the occurrence of the phenomenon of dust and dust Case Ghbarmtalە West and South West of Iran. Journal of Engineering desert ecosystems, 3 (5), 2-19. (In Persian)
Zanganeh, M. (2014). Meteorological dust storms in Iran. Journal of Applied Climatology, 1 (1), 1-12. (In Persian)