تحلیل اثرات گردشگری خانه‌های دوم بر اقتصاد خانوارهای روستایی (مطالعه‌ی موردی: روستاهای دارای خانه دوم گردشگری، شهرستان ایجرود؛ استان زنجان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایجمشید عینالی 1 , مهدی چراغی 2 , فریبا عباسی 3
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 - دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
کلید واژه: گردشگری روستایی, استان زنجان, اقتصاد روستایی,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری خانه‌های دوم بیانگر یک روند دو سویه اقتصادی و اجتماعی بین نواحی روستایی و شهری است که می‌تواند دربرگیرند اثرات مثبت و منفی اقتصادی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل اثرات گردشگری خانه‌های دوم بر اقتصاد روستاهای گردشگرپذیر در شهرستان ایجرود است. تحقیق حاضر کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی مبتنی بر گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه است. جامعه‌ی آماری تحقیق 11 روستای دارای گردشگری خانه‌های دوم در شهرستان ایجرود می‌باشد که براساس سرشماری (1390) دارای 1846 خانوار می‌باشد که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 282 مورد به عنوان نمونه انتخاب گردید. روایی صوری پرسشنامه از دیدگاه متخصصان بررسی شده و پایایی متغیرها از طریق ضریب آلفا‌ی کرونباخ به میزان 77% محاسبه گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل کمی داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری نظیر t تک نمونه‌ای و دو گروهی، تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه و تحلیل عاملی استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که توسعه گردشگری خانه های دوم در روستاهای نمونه تاثیر مثبتی بر روی شاخص های اقتصادی ایجاد کرده است. همچنین نتیجه واریانس بین دو گروه نیز در شاخص افزایش قیمت زمین و مسکن و ایجاد اشتغال معنادار می باشد. علاوه بر این، بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده از تحلیل عاملی، که در 6 عامل دسته‌بندی شدند، عامل نخست با توجه به متغیرهای تشکیل‌دهنده عامل سرمایه‌گذاری نام گرفت و با تبیین (237/19) درصد واریانس به عنوان مهمترین عامل معرفی شد. این عامل همراه با عوامل تنوع فعالیت‌های اقتصادی، تغییرات کاربری اراضی، جمعیت‌پذیری، بهبود خدمات گردشگری و انتقال تکنولوژی در مجموع 67 درصد از واریانس را تبیین کردند.
The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods have been used for collecting data. The statistical population of the study is 11 villages with second homes tourism in Ijrud township. According to the census of 1390, the total number of households in these villages is 1849; that, using the Cochran formula, the number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire has been calculated 282. With regard to access to local authorities, 60 questionnaires were completed among them. The formal validity of the questionnaire was examined from experts' point of view and the reliability of the variables was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 77%. For quantitative analysis of data, statistical tests such as one-sample and two groups t, one-way ANOVA and factor analysis have been used. The results show that the development of second homes tourism in sample villages has had a positive effect on economic indicators. Also, the result of variance between the two groups is significant in the indicators of land price, housing and employment creation. In addition, based on the results of factor analysis, which were categorized into 6 factors, the first factor, according to its constituent variables, was named the investment factor and by explaining (19.237) percent of variance was introduced as the most important factor. This factor, along with the factors of variability of economic activities, land use changes, population growth, tourism services improvement and technology transfer, explained 67% of the variance in total.
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