تبیین اثرات گردشگری در پایداری روستایی (مورد مطالعه: روستای شمشک، استان تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایحیدر لطفی 1 , ابوالفضل مرادی 2 , ابراهیم خلیفه 3 , زهرا حقیقی مطلق 4
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پایداری, گردشگری, سکونتگاه روستایی, ناپایداری سکونتگاهی, روستای شمشک,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه با گسترش روز افزون جمعیت و گسترش فقر درجوامع محلی، توجه به گردشگری روستایی به عنوان منبعی جهت افزایش درآمد و ایجاد رفاه مالی مطرح شده و در نتیجه سیاستگذاری ها و سرمایه گذاری های دولتی و خصوصی زمینه های تحولات ساختاری- عملکردی این گونه فضاهای روستایی را فراهم نموده که منجر به پایداری/ ناپایداری سکونتگاهی شده است. این پژوهش سعی برآن دارد تا به این مساُله پاسخ دهد که گسترش گردشگری روستایی به عنوان یک فعالیت اقتصادی - فرهنگی چگونه منجربه پایداری/ ناپایداری سکونتگاهی در روستای مورد مطالعه (شمشک) درمقطع زمانی (1390- 1375 ) شده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش (توصیفی – تحلیلی ) می باشد، و داده ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز نیز به صورت اسنادی و میدانی گردآوری شده اند، نرم افزارهای آماریExcel وSPSS جهت تحلیل داده ها و نیز جهت ترسیم نقشه ها از Arc GIS استفاده گردیده است. جامعه آماری شامل 362 خانوار بوده که از طریق فرمول کوکران، 20 خانوار به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفته است؛ و از میان گردشگران نیز 20 نفر به عنوان نمونه تعیین شده است. گردشگری با تشدید مشکلات زیست محیطی و همچنین ایجاد دوگانگی و تضاد در بافت کالبدی روستای مورد مطالعه منجر به ناپایداری محیطی– اکولوژیک و کالبدی گردیده؛ اما در زمینه اجتماعی - فرهنگی و اقتصادی، گردشگری با افزایش درآمد،کاهش مهاجرت های روستایی - شهری و در نتیجه بالابردن تمایل به ماندگاری در سکونتگاه روستایی منجر به پایداری اجتماعی - فرهنگی و اقتصادی شده است.
Today with increasingly proccess of population growth and development of poverty in local communities , attention to rural tourism has been mentioned as a source to increase of income and creating of financial welfare , and thus governmental and private policies and investments has provided structural- functional changes of these rural spaces that has caused to settlemental sustainability / unsustainability . This article attempts to reply to this problem how rural tourism developing as an economical-cultural activity has caused to settlemential sustainability / unsustainability during (1375 – 1390) . Method of resaerch is ( descriptive – analytical ) , and needed data and information also have been gathered in ways of ( field work and librariy) , statistical softwares ( Excel and Spss ) have been useded to analys the data and also to draw the maps , Arc Gis has been utilized . Population include of 362 household that through cochran formol 20 has been selected as a sample , and 20 persons of tourists also has been selected . Tourism by accelerating of enviornmental problems and also creating of dualism and contrast in physical texture of the village (case study ) has caused to enviornmental – ecological and physical unsustainability ; but about social- cultural and economical, tourism has caused to social- cultural and economical sustainability , by increasing of income , decreasing of rural – urban migrations and in conclusion , by heighten of trend to insolubility in rural settlement .
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_||_Asghari, M. M. (2005). Studies of natural factors on rural planning. Tehran: Sara Publication. (In Persian)
Farasooy Consulting Engineers. (2003). Guidance Plan of Shemshak village of Shemiranatcounty. Tehran: Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution of Tehran province. (In Persian)
Hall, C. M., & lew, A. A. (1999). Sustainable tourism; a geographical perspective.
Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure: a conceptual approach; Tourism management, 26, 431-445, Available from: WWW. Sciencedirect.com.
Lee, john. (1999). Tourism and development in the 3rd world. Translated by Rokn-al-din, E. et. al. Tehran: Bazargani Publishing Company. (In Persian)
Monshizadeh, R. (2006). On the tourism category. Tehran: Monshi Publication.
Motiy Langroodi, S. H. (2003). Rural planning with an emphasis on Iran. Mashhad: Mashhad Jahad Daneshgahi Publication. (In Persian)
Naghsheh click company. (2008). Strategic-structural Plan of tourism targeted villages(Shemshak) Shemiranat County. Tehran. (In Persian)
Rahnamaee, M. T. (2002). Tourism development: an opportunity for urban management. Journal of Municipalities, 43, pp. 32-36. (In Persian)
Saeidi, A. (1998). Sustainable development and unsustainability of rural development. Housing and Revolution Journal, 84, 1-7. (In Persian)
Saeidi, A. (2006). Foundations of rural geography. (7th Eds.). Tehran: Samt Publication. (In Persian)
Saeidi, A. (2008). Rural structure. Encyclopedia of urban and rural management. (1st Ed.). Tehran: Publications of the Country's Municipalities and Village Administrations Organization. (In Persian)
Sharpley, R., & Julia. (2001). Rural tourism. Translated by Monshizadeh R. Tehran: Monshi Publication. (In Persian)
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Statistical Center of Iran. (1997). Culture of the country's villages. Shemiranat County in year 1996. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran. (In Persian)
Statistical Center of Iran. (2008). Culture of the country's villages. Shemiranat County in year 2006. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran. (In Persian)