تعیین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر روند درمان بیماران بستری در بیمارستان‌های شهری استان تهران با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک دلفی
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
محمدصادق طاهرطلوع دل
1
,
شهناز پورناصری
2
,
بهرام صالح صدق پور
3
,
سیده ثمینه سمیعی کاشی
4
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1 - دانشیار، عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار عضو گروه علوم تربیتی دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: عوامل محیطی بیمارستان‌های شهری, بهبود بیماران بستری, روش دلفی,
چکیده مقاله :
اهداف و زمینه‌ها: تحقیقات نشان داده‌اند که محیط بیمارستان‌ها و اتاق‌های بستری بر سلامت جسمی، روانی و روحی بیماران تأثیرگذار هستند. هدف این مقاله تعیین عوامل محیطی اتاق‌های بستری بیمارستان‌های شهری استان تهران است که می‌توانند روند بهبودی بیماران را تسهیل کنند. روش‌شناسی: در این مقاله، پس از مرور ادبیات و استخراج متغیرهای مؤثر، از روش دلفی و تحلیل عامل Q برای استخراج نظرات متخصصان استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: از نظر متخصصان، هفت عامل محیطی در اتاق بستری، از اهمیت زیادی برخوردارند و می‌توانند به‌طور مثبت بر روند بهبودی بیماران بستری در بیمارستان‌های شهری استان تهران تأثیر بگذارند. این عامل‌ها به ترتیب از قوی‌ترین تا ضعیف‌ترین بدین شرح هستند: طراحی فضای داخلی، حریم فضای بستری، آسایش محیط فیزیکی، حواسپرتی مثبت، پاسخ‌دهی محیط بستری، بهداشت محیط بستری و آسایش بصری محیط. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که از نظر متخصصین، 25 ریزعامل (متغیر): طراحی و جانمایی پنجره، طراحی داخلی، حریم بیمار، مبلمان و چیدمان اتاقها، دسترسی به فضای باز و طبیعت، نور طبیعی، رنگ، چشم‌انداز پنجره، جایگاه خانواده بیمار در اتاق، استاندارد تختها، سرویس بهداشتی مناسب، فرم، تزیینات و دکوراسیون، نور مصنوعی، تعداد تخت اتاق، آکوستیک مناسب، سیستم حرارتی، سیستم تهویه، گرافیک و سیمای محیطی، اجرای خوب، انتخاب مصالح مناسب، طبیعت شبیه‌سازی‌شده، هوشمندسازی اتاقها، تجهیزات اتاق و تجهیزات بالای تختها، رعایت بهداشت محیطی؛ بر روند درمان بیماران بستری در بیمارستان‌ها تأثیر مثبت دارند. از بین هفت عامل محیطی در اتاق بستری از نظر متخصصان، طراحی فضای داخلی با میزان تأثیر 3.235 و درصد تأثیر 13.480 مهمترین عامل؛ عامل حریم فضای بستری با میزان تأثیر 2.802 و درصد تأثیر 11.676 در درجه دوم اهمیت و سایر عوامل شامل آسایش محیط فیزیکی، حواسپرتی مثبت، پاسخ‌دهی محیط بستری، بهداشت محیط بستری و آسایش بصری محیط به ترتیب با میزان تأثیر 2.567، 2.070، 1.952، 1.743 و 1.740 و درصد تأثیر ، 10.695، 8.626، 8.133، 7.263 و 7.248 در درجات اهمیت بعدی قرار گرفته‌اند.
Aims & Backgrounds: Researches have shown that hospitals; environment and inpatient rooms affect patients’ physical, mental and spiritual health. This article seeks to determine environmental factors of urban hospitals of Tehran province rooms that can foster patients’ recovery process. Methodology: After literature review, a Delphi method and Q-type factor analysis were used to extract experts’ views. Findings: It is revealed that the experts believe there are seven factors that can positively affect in-patients’ recovery process. According to specialists, seven environmental factors in hospital rooms play a crucial role and can positively influence the recovery process of patients admitted to urban hospitals. These factors, ranked from the most to the least significant, are as follows: interior design, privacy of the patient space, physical comfort, positive distractions, responsiveness of the patient environment, environmental hygiene, and visual comfort. Conclusion: This research indicated that specialists consider 25 sub-factors (variables) to have a positive impact on the treatment process of hospitalized patients. These include: window design and placement, interior design, patient privacy, furniture and room arrangement, access to open space and nature, natural light, color, window views, the role of family in the room, bed standards, appropriate restroom facilities, form, decorations and decor, artificial lighting, number of beds in the room, proper acoustics, heating system, ventilation system, environmental graphics and appearance, proper execution, selection of suitable materials, simulated nature, room automation, in-room equipment, bedside equipment, and maintenance of environmental hygiene. According to experts, among the seven environmental factors in hospital rooms, the most important factor is the interior design, with an impact rate of 3.235 and an impact percentage of 13.480. privacy of the patient space is the second most important, with an impact rate of 2.802 and an impact percentage of 11.676. Other factors, including physical comfort, positive distractions, responsiveness of the patient environment, environmental hygiene, and visual comfort, have impact rates ranging from 1.740 to 2.567, and impact percentages ranging from 7.248 to 10.695, placing them in the next degrees of importance.
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