روش تلفیقی برای تدوین و انتخاب راهبردهای توسعه مسکن گروه های کم درآمد (مطالعه موردی: مسکن مهر شهرضا)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایرحیم جافری 1 , میرنجف موسوی 2 , علی مصیب زاده 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، واحد امارات متحده عربی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دبی، امارات متحده عربی
2 - استاد گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری شهرسازی و هنر، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
کلید واژه: توسعه مسکن, مسکن مهر, شهرضا, گروه های کم درآمد, ANP-SWOT,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: تلاش‌های عدیده برای رفع مشکل کمبود مسکن مناسب در ایران صورت پذیرفته که از جمله آنها سیاست مسکن مهر است که به‌منظور کمک به تأمین مسکن اقشار کم درآمد طراحی شده است. هدف پژوهش: هدف از مطالعه حاضر، که به لحاظ ماهیت کاربردی و از نظر هدف توصیفی است، بررسی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل داخلی و خارجی موثر بر توسعه مسکن گروه‌های کم درآمد شهری بوده که به صورت موردی در مسکن مهر شهرضا انجام شده است. روش شناسی تحقیق: جامعه آماری این مطالعه کارشناسان، متخصصان با زمینة برنامه‌ریزی شهری و شهرسازی و اساتید دانشگاه بودند که در زمینة توسعه شهری، مسکن شهری، برنامه‌ریزی ناحیه‌ای و به‌طور ویژه مسکن مهر دارای مطالعاتی تخصصی بوده را شامل شده و نمونه مورد مطالعه شامل 25 نفر از افراد ذکر شده، که به صورت تصادفی دردسترس انتخاب و ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در اختیار آنها قرار داده شد. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات میدانی پرسشنامه محقق ساخته‌ای بود که شامل لیستی از فرصت‌ها، تهدیدات، نقاط قوت و نقاط ضعف (73 گویه) بود. روایی ابزار تحقیق از طریق محتوایی (صوری) و پایایی نیز از طریق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ معادل 831/0 تعیین شد. در این مطالعه از مدل تلفیقی SWOT و فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) استفاده شده و برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از نرم-افزار‌های SPSS، EXCEL و Super Decision استفاده شده است. قلمروی جغرافیایی پژوهش: مطالعه حاضر که در زمینه مساکن مهر می‌باشد، در شهر شهرضا واقع در استان اصفهان انجام شده است.یافته‌های و بحث: نتایج نشان داد، به ترتیب مناسب‌ترین استراتژی‌های در جهت توسعه مساکن (مسکن مهر) افراد طبقات کم درآمد شهرضا استراتژی‌های WT (34/0)، ST (301/0)، WO (18/0) و SO (177/0) است.نتایج: استراتژی‌های تدافعی ( WT) به منزلة بهترین استراتژی جهت توسعة مسکن (مسکن مهر) برای افراد کم‌درآمد شهرضا انتخاب شد، این استراتژی‌ها بر آن‌اند تا با ارائة راهکارهای اجرایی، ضمن به حداقل رساندن ضعف‌های فرآروی توسعه مسکن گروه‌های کم درآمد شهرضا، از تهدیدهایی که با آن مواجه بوده، نیز اجتناب کند.
IntroductionEfforts have been made to address the problem of adequate housing shortages in Iran, including the Mehr Housing Policy, which is designed to help provide housing for low-income groups. Goal: The purpose of this study, which is descriptive in terms of its applied and descriptive purpose, is to investigate and prioritize the internal and external factors affecting the development of housing in low-income urban groups, which has been carried out in the housing of the city of Shahreza. MethodologyThe statistical population of this research included all experts in urban planning and university professors who have specialized studies in the field of urban development, urban housing, regional planning, and in particular Mehr housing. Using the randomly available sampling 25 experts were selected and questioned. A data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that included a list of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses (73 items). Validity of the questionnaire (formal validity) was verified by the university professors and experts and the reliability of the tool was determined by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.831, which is indicative of the coherence and reliability of the data. In this study, a combination of SWOT and network analysis (ANP) was used and SPSS, EXCEL and Super Decision software were used to analyze the information. Geographical area of researchThe present study, which is in the field of Mehr housing, was conducted in Shahreza, Isfahan province.Results and discussionThe results showed that the most suitable strategies for the development of housing (Mehr housing) of low-income people in Shahreza were strategies WT (0.34), ST (0.301), WO (0.18) and SO (0.177).ConclusionDefensive strategies (WT) were selected as the best strategy for housing development (Mehr housing) for low-income people in Shahreza. These strategies aim to provide the executive solutions, while minimizing the weaknesses of the housing development of low-income groups in Shahreza, to avoid the threats it faces.
Abedini, A. (2013). Evaluation of Governmental Housing Reforms Regarding the Livelihoods of Low-income Households in Iran (Case Study: Urmia City). Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz University. (In Persian)
BazmAli, A. (2008). How to set up and manage Mehr housing cooperatives. Venus Publishing, Tehran. (In Persian)
Chegni, A. (2009). The effects of implementing the Mehr housing program on economic indicators. Quarterly Journal of Housing Economics, 47-48, 21-30. (In Persian)
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2009). The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran along with the reforms of 1368. Preparation and adjustment of Ali Hatami, March 2009. (In Persian)
Cuhls, K., (2001). Delphi Method. Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Germany
Firoozi, M.A., Nemati, M., & Daripour, N. (2016). Evaluation of the Satisfaction Level of Residents of Maskan-e-Mehr in Khuzestan Province with an Emphasis on Sustainable Housing (Case Study: Omidiyeh County). Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 11(34), 53-66. (In Persian)
Gallent, N., & Robinson, S. (2011). Local perspectives on rural housing affordability and implications for the localism agenda in England. Journal of Rural Studies, 27 (3), 297-307.
Ghaedrahmati, S., Meshkini. A., & Azhand, M. (2014). Pathology of Mehr Housing Projects (Case Study: Shirin Shahr New Town). The first international conference of the Neyshab permanent city, Tehran, Mobin Cultural Ambassadors Institute. (In Persian)
Ghodsipoor, H. (2016). Analytical hierarchy process. Amirkabir University Press, Tehran. (In Persian)
Habibi, K., Behzadfar, M., Torabi, K., & Mahaki, V. (2010). Criticism and Pathology of Policymaking and Operational Planning of Mehr Housing in Iran. Journal Abadi, 69, 7-14. (In Persian)
Hajazi, S.J. (2014). Analyzing Mass Housing Development User Satisfaction Maskane Mehr (Case Study: Mahshar Housing). Quarterly Journal of Social Development, 9(2), 239-256. (In Persian)
Hill, J (2007). Ends and means: the future roles of social housing in England. ESRC research center for analysis of social exclusion, case report 34, ISSN 1465-3001.
Kakadezfuli, A., Safaeepour, M. and Firoozi, M. (2018). Situation analysis of Housing Essential Factors (Case Study: Rural Districts of Dezful City. Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 13 (2), 305-322.
Kianezhad Tajnaki, S.Gh., Shiee, E., Firoozporbandi, E., Hidarpoor, H., & Habibzadeh, H. (2013). Investigating the Effect of Seal Housing Design on the Economic Market in Babol. The first National Conference on Urbanism and Architecture over time, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, May 30, 2013.
Li, D., Chen, H., Chi Man Hui, E., Yang, H., and Li, Q. (2014). A methodology for ex-post assessment of social impacts of an affordable housing project. Habitat International, 43:32-40.
Mohammadi Dost, S., Khanizadeh, M.A., and Namaziiyan, F. (2018). Measure the satisfaction of the housing with an emphasis on social sustainability (Mehr housing Yasouj City). Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 13(1), 251-266. (In Persian)
Office of housing planning (ministry of housing and urban development). (2012). Meer housing: A new approach in the housing section. Quarterly Journal of Housing Economics, 2, 1-20. (In Persian)
Parhizgar, A.; & Shahedi, N. (2009). A review of the Mehr housing design in cities under 25,000. Journal Abadi, 69, 46. (In Persian)
Pourmohammadi, M. R., & Asadi, A. (2014). Evaluation of Mehr housing projects of Zanjan city. Scientific Journals Management System, 14(33), 171-192. (In Persian)
Pourmohammadi, M. R., Sadremosavi, M., & Abedini, A. (2012). Analytical Consideration on Policies of Housing Supply by Government with Respect to the Cultural and Socioeconomic Development plans in Iran. Urban Studies, 3(1), 34-43. (In Persian)
Rafieian, M., & Ajilian Momtaz, Sh. (2018). Satisfaction Pathology of Low-income Housing Housing Projects, Case Study of Mehr Housing City of Balaulud, Mashhad. Quarterly Journal of Housing Economics, 60, 57-78. (In Persian)
Rashidnehal, M., Rezaei, H., & Karimian, S.M. (2008). Mehr Housing cooperatives (what applicants and members need to know). Tehran, Paeigan Publishing. (In Persian)
Razavian, M.T., Haraeeni, M., Bahrami, M., Alizade, P. (2018). Assessment of indicators of social housing for citizens (Case study Mehr housing Parand city). Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 6(24), 51-64. (In Persian)
Rezaei, M., & Karimi, B. (2016). The role of city development strategies in organizing informal settlements by integrated models of ANP and SWOT (case study: Bahar town of Shiraz). Journal of Regional Planning, 6 (22), 109-120. (In Persian)
Salavati, G., & Razpoor, M. (2013). Evaluation of Mehr Baharan Housing with Sustainable Urban Development Approach (Case Study: Baharan Town of Sanandaj). First National Conference on Geography, Urban Development and Sustainable Development, March 2013, Tehran. (In Persian)
Short, J. R (2006). Urban Theory A Critical Assessment. Rout ledge, New York.
Sobhiyah, M.H., & Radaeei, A. (2016). The Realization of Objectives and Plans of “Maskan-e Mehr” program in Mahdasht Project. Bagh- e Nazar, 33(12), 91-106. (In Persian)
Somali, A. (2010). Mehr housing: structural rotation in housing policy and its accomplishments. Quarterly Journal of Housing Economics, 47-48, 5-10. (In Persian)
Warnock, V. C; & Warnock, F. E. (2008). Markets and Housing Finance. Journal of Housing Economics, 17(1): 239- 251.
Wong, T, Goldblum (2016). Social housing in France: a permanent and multifaceted challenge for public policies. land use policy, 5: 95-102.
_||_