تحلیل تطبیقی آموزه‌های نظام شهرسازی دورۀ صفویه در ایران با نظام شهرسازی دورۀ رنسانس در اروپا
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
علی علیمرادی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، واحد امارات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دبی، امارات متحده عربی)
حسن احمدی
2
(استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، ، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران)
وحید قبادیان
3
(استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: تحلیل تطبیقی, دورۀ صفویه, دورۀ رنسانس, آموزه‌های شهرسازی,
چکیده مقاله :
در دورۀ صفویه به واسطه امنیت، رونق اقتصادی وتفکرات اسلامی زمینه مناسبی برای اعتلای فرهنگ ایرانی - اسلامی فراهم شد. این مساله باعث تشخّص و بالندگی هنر ایرانی - اسلامی خاصه شهرسازی و معماری دورۀ صفوی نسبت به دیگر دوره‌ها در ایران شد، چنان که حاصل آن را می‌توان در شکل‌گیری کالبدی نظام شهرسازی صفویه به صورت باغشهر، تمثیلی از بهشت روی زمین جست. نظام شهرسازی رنسانس نیز ریشه در مکتب اصالت انسان که الهام‌بخش و مبنای طراحی در همه سطوح کالبدی از اجزای معماری تا فضای شهری شد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تطبیقی آموزه‌های شهرسازی دورۀ صفویه و رنسانس و شناخت عناصر مؤثر در شکل‌گیری کالبدی شهر می‌باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با توجه به ماهیت موضوع از روش‌های ترکیبی اعم از تاریخی، تحلیل تطبیقی و پدیدارشناسی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، روش کتابخانه‌ای می‌باشد.تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های آن به شیوه کیفی و استنباطی صورت گرفته است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد شهر آرمانی نظام شهرسازی دورۀ صفویه و رنسانس متأثر از نوع جهان‌بینی ناظر بر آن ها بوده است. تبلور کالبدی فضاهای شهری در معنا و شکل جدید از دل سازمان کهن در یک فرایند تاریخی و طبیعی پدیده آمده است. در حقیقت گذار از شهر - مکان به شهر - زمان بوده است. بنابراین نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود شهر مقوله‌ای فلسفی است چون ابعاد ذهنی - هویتی شهر در محدوده ارزش‌های فکری - اعتقادی مقام می‌گیرد. از سوی دیگر شهر پدیده‌ای "مکانی – زمانی" است که در هر مقطعی از تاریخ بتواند دگرگونی‌های کمی خود را با تغییرات کیفی موردنیاز عصر خویش تبدیل کند و مفهوم مکان و زمان را در همسویی با یکدیگر قرار دهد.
The Safavid period due to security and economic prosperity, providing a suitable ground for enhancement of the Islamic - Iranian culture. This contributed to the distinction of the Iranian-Islamic art especially the architecture and urban planning of Safavid era compared to other periods in Iran. The Renaissance urban planning system is also rooted in the school of human primacy which inspired the design at all levels of architecture until urban spaces. The purpose of research is to compare the teachings of urban Safavid and Renaissance periods and to identify the effective elements in the physical of the city. Therefore, the present study has been used on the nature of the subject combination of historical, comparative analysis and phenomenology. The data collection tool is library method. The analysis of the data in a qualitative manner. The findings of research show that the ideal city of the Safavid period and Renaissance has been influenced by the kind of worldview they are observing. The physical crystallization of urban spaces has emerged in a process of historical and natural transformation. Therefore, the conclusion is that the city is a spatial temporal phenomenon which is every part of history can transform its quantitative changes with the qualitative changes required by its age and place concept of place and time in line with each other.
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Naghizadeh, M. (2006). Islamic Urban Design and Architecture. Isfahan: RaheyanPublications. (In persain).
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Pakdaman, B. (1992). Tipson Designing New world cities. Conferenceof the new cities New Culture in living, 161–200, Tehran: New urban development company. (In Persian).
Pakzad, J. (2010). History of European city. Tehran: Armanshar. (In Persian)
Pirna, K. (1991). About the urban Planning and traditional architecture of Iran. Journal of Abadi, 1. 4-9. (In Persian).
Pirnia, K. (1994). Persian Gardens, Journal of Abadi, 4(15). 4-15. (In Persian).
Shakoei, H. (2003). A new perspective in Urban Geography. Tehran: Samt Publications. (In Persian).
Shariati, A. (1977). The perspective of Islamic Humanism. Tehran: Ommat publications. (In Persian).
Shyegan, D. (2013). Searching for the lost Spaces. Tehran: Farzan Publications. (In Persian).
Soltan Zade, H. (211). Abrief History of the City and Urbanization in Iran. Tehran: Chahar Tagh Publications. (In Persian).
Tavassoli, M. (1994). Ciphered spaces. Journal of Abadi, 15, 10-13. (In Persain).
_||_Ahari, Z. (2001). Isfahan School in urban Planning. Tehran: Art University Publications. (In Persian).
Ardalan, N., & Bakhtiar, L. (2015). The Sense of Unity. Translated by: Jalili, N. Tehran: Science of Architect Publications. (In Persian).
Ardalan, N. (1995). Iranian architecture in speech Four Generation from informed architects. Journal of the Abadi,19, 4-45. (In Persian).
Bacon. E. (1997). Cities design. Translated by: Taheri, F. Tehran: urban planning & Architecture Research Center of Iran Publications. (In Persian).
Bouzorgmehri, Z. (1995). Method of the Isfahan, the Collection of Articles on History Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran. Cultural Heritage Organization, Iran, 45-55. (In Persain).
Davari Ardakan, R. (1996). Raminations on Design of the Islamic Medina. Journal of Abadi, 22, 4-11. (In Persain).
Ghobadian, V. (1994). ClimaticAnalysis of the traditional Iranian Buildings. Tehran: Tehran university publications. (In Persian).
Ghobadian, V. (2011). Contenporary Western Architecture. Tehran: Caharal Research Bureau Publications.) In Persian)
Giedion, S. (1995). Space, Time and Architectur. Translated by: Mozayani, M., Tehran: Scientificand Cultural Publications. (In Persian).
Habibi, M. (2013). Analytic Historical from Urban Concept and Aspect Physical its. Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian).
Madani, A. (2000). Design of urban space. translated by: Mourtezaei, F. Tehran: Urban Planning and Processing Company. (In Persian).
Mason, H. (1972). The City in the Ancient World. Massachustts: Harvard UniversityPublications.
Mohammadi, M. (1995). Changing the Structure of Power in Iran and changing the city from, the collection of articles on history architecture and urban planning of Iran, cultural Heritage organization of Iran, 605 – 616, Arg Bam – Kerman, Iran. (In Persian).
Morris, J. (1989). History of urban form. Translated by: Rezazadeh, R. Tehran: University of science and Technology Publications. (In persain).
Mumford, L. (2008). City in the context of history. Translated by: Azimi, A., Tehran: Rasa Publication. (In Persian).
Naghizadeh, M. (2006). Islamic Urban Design and Architecture. Isfahan: RaheyanPublications. (In persain).
Seyyed Hossein, N. (2006). Spirituality and art of Islamic. translated by: Ghasemiyan, R. Tehran: Religious Studies of art Publication. (In Persian).
Pakdaman, B. (1992). Tipson Designing New world cities. Conferenceof the new cities New Culture in living, 161–200, Tehran: New urban development company. (In Persian).
Pakzad, J. (2010). History of European city. Tehran: Armanshar. (In Persian)
Pirna, K. (1991). About the urban Planning and traditional architecture of Iran. Journal of Abadi, 1. 4-9. (In Persian).
Pirnia, K. (1994). Persian Gardens, Journal of Abadi, 4(15). 4-15. (In Persian).
Shakoei, H. (2003). A new perspective in Urban Geography. Tehran: Samt Publications. (In Persian).
Shariati, A. (1977). The perspective of Islamic Humanism. Tehran: Ommat publications. (In Persian).
Shyegan, D. (2013). Searching for the lost Spaces. Tehran: Farzan Publications. (In Persian).
Soltan Zade, H. (211). Abrief History of the City and Urbanization in Iran. Tehran: Chahar Tagh Publications. (In Persian).
Tavassoli, M. (1994). Ciphered spaces. Journal of Abadi, 15, 10-13. (In Persain).