Climate poses challenges to the health and productivity of the populace. It is against this background that the study examined the effect of climate change and health on farmers’ productivity in Southwest Nigeria. The research dwelt on cross-sectional data gathered through a structured questionnaire and a personal interview. A multistage sampling method was used to select 450 respondents at a random. Descriptive statistics and the Stochastic Frontier Production Function were used to analyse the data. The findings of the inefficiency component revealed that education, catastrophic health payment status, access to healthcare services, and adoption of adaptation measures were the most important determinants of farmer technical efficiency, with unhealthy days reducing farmer technical efficiency. The average technical efficiency value was 0.73, while the total elasticity coefficient was 1.27. It showed that food production was still operated in stage I (increasing RTS) of the production surface. Therefore, in designing sustainable agricultural development that will promote economic performance, policymakers need to incorporate health and climate adaptation measures into the production system to get optimum output in the study area.
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