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1 - Socio-cultural Drivers of Adaptations and Vulnerability to Climate Change: Lessons from Crop Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Ademola Adegoroye Tolulope Olubunmi-Ajayi Olayinka Oladosu Emmanuel Oloruntobaشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2024This study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Sena چکیده کاملThis study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Senatorial Zones. Primary data were sourced with the aid of a survey and oral interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the vulnerability index, Ordinal logistic regression, and Heckman probit regression. The findings revealed that the socio-cultural characteristics of respondents contributed to their vulnerability to climate change, as indicated by an average livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) of 0.33. Notably, factors such as water availability and adaptation practices exhibited higher vulnerability indices of 0.49 and 0.42, respectively. The overall LVI and LVI-IPCC averages were 0.35 and 0.02, respectively, highlighting the existence of vulnerability among farming households. The results of ordinal logistic regression revealed that age, marital status, education level, and income from agriculture were statistically significant factors determining the level of vulnerability to climate change in the study area. Consequently, the results of the Heckman two-step regression model revealed that age, marital status, household size, education, religion, belief, family structure, and community teamwork were the significant factors affecting the adaptation and vulnerability to climate change in the area. Policy should be geared towards improving the socio-cultural factors for sustainable livelihoods with an income diversification strategy by the government for crop farmers in order to cushion the effects of low income realized from farming activities in the area. پرونده مقاله -
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2 - Attitude of follower farmers towards lead farmer approach in facilitating Conservation Agriculture practices in Kalira Extension Planning Area in Ntchisi District, Malawi
Daniel Matembaشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2024This study explores the attitude of follower farmers (FFs) towards lead farmers (LFs) in facilitating Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices in the Kalira Extension Planning Area of Ntchisi district, Malawi. Despite governmental efforts to promote CA through the Nation چکیده کاملThis study explores the attitude of follower farmers (FFs) towards lead farmers (LFs) in facilitating Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices in the Kalira Extension Planning Area of Ntchisi district, Malawi. Despite governmental efforts to promote CA through the National Agriculture Policy of 2016, previous studies have indicated low adoption rates. This research employs a mixed methods approach, utilizing surveys and focus group discussions. Results reveal positive perceptions among FFs regarding LFs' competence in training, demonstrations, problem-solving, and other competencies. The majority of FFs perceive LFs as effective in imparting CA principles and conducting demonstrations. LFs' problem-solving abilities and additional competencies are well-regarded by FFs. The study concludes with a call for further research on socio-economic factors influencing sustained CA adoption and recommends establishing a continuous feedback loop between LFs and FFs to enhance knowledge exchange and address evolving challenges in CA practices. The findings contribute to the existing literature and provide valuable insights for agricultural and rural development initiatives. پرونده مقاله -
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3 - Analysis of the Effective Key Factors on Process Innovations in Sugarcane Industries via Meta-Synthesis
Seyed Naser Alavi sayyed mohammadreza davoodi Abbas Khamsehشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2024The sugarcane industry is a pivotal force in the agricultural perspective. It is essential to promote process innovations in sugarcane planting for sustainable growth and competition. This study was conducted to analyze the effective key factors of process innovations i چکیده کاملThe sugarcane industry is a pivotal force in the agricultural perspective. It is essential to promote process innovations in sugarcane planting for sustainable growth and competition. This study was conducted to analyze the effective key factors of process innovations in the sugarcane industry. It is applicable from an objective aspect and the required data was collected through qualitative methods and meta-synthesis. This method systematically studied thirty-three articles related to the research objective among 405 primary articles. Final articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. The validity of the research was confirmed based on the inclusion criteria, holding sessions with members of the research team, the use of an expert, and examination of the whole process for theoretical consensus. Reliability was also determined via the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. The effective dimensions and components of process innovation in the sugarcane industry include four dimensions, namely steps of innovation in the sugarcane production cycle that have been identified in the form of 45 components. The four stages of this cycle are "innovation in the process of planting", "innovation in the process of growing", "innovation in the process of harvesting" and "innovation in the process of processing". As the sugarcane industry follows innovation complexities, this research presents a map to understand the multi-faceted perspective of the process innovation. Through the classification of the components in vital stages, stakeholders achieve insight into transformational strategies and reinforce sustainable methods that are technologically advanced in sugarcane planting. پرونده مقاله -
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4 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Challenges of Organic Farming Development Among Farmers in Lorestan Province
Jahanbakhsh Beiranvand Ahmad Reza Ommani Azadeh N. Noorivandi Mohammad Reza Ardakaniشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2024The purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of organic farming development in Lorestan province, Iran. This research has been conducted from February to December 2022 to provide a comprehensive, and practical model to understand th چکیده کاملThe purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of organic farming development in Lorestan province, Iran. This research has been conducted from February to December 2022 to provide a comprehensive, and practical model to understand the challenges through grounded theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Lorestan province. The data were collected by performing in-depth semi-structured interviews with the 32 agricultural experts in this field. To measure the validity of this qualitative study, a strategy of triangulation was used and to measure the reliability, constant testing and comparison methods of data and use of tables to record data were used. Data analysis was done by using MAXQDA12 in three steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study by grounded theory identified 29 initial codes and seven main following challenges were categorized and by AHP prioritized: lack of technical knowledge, skills and motivation in the field of organic production, weakness in the information and advertising network in the field of organic consumption, weakness in management and human resources of organic training courses, lack of financial resources and credits for organic training courses, structural and content weakness of organic training courses, weakness of modern research regarding organic agriculture and lack of awareness of the relative advantage of organic agriculture. پرونده مقاله -
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5 - IMPACT OF CONSTRAINTS AND CREDIT ON THE PROBABILITY OF PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM FISH PRODUCERS IN NIGERIA
Job Nmadu Bukola__Oluwatobi__Oyediran Bukola__Oluwatobi__Oyediran Halima Sallawuشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2024The study involved 643 fish value chain actors in Niger and Kebbi States in Nigeria from whom data were collected between April 2022 and February 2023 via structured questionnaire and analysed using Garrett ranking, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and regression. Th چکیده کاملThe study involved 643 fish value chain actors in Niger and Kebbi States in Nigeria from whom data were collected between April 2022 and February 2023 via structured questionnaire and analysed using Garrett ranking, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and regression. These two states have access to Rivers Niger, Shiroro and Kaduna and their various tributaries. From the results obtained, 48 variables out of the 65 described by the actors were considered a constraint based on the mean and five latent factors were determined and the values retrieved for further analysis. The latent variables exhibited positive bi-directional relationship between one another which is an indication that the factors are not isolated occurrences. From the propensity score matching (PSM) and regression, a number of policy variables were obtained which may call for further investigation but needs to be adequately addressed. Particularly, the tendency of low probability of participation in the face of low educational acquisition. There is also a very strong indication that the actors are conducting their businesses with low capital which has further devalue the level of participation. Ultimately, doing business with adequate capital can increase participation by up to 15% and as such, can increase outputs, income, profits and enhance livelihoods. پرونده مقاله -
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6 - Technology Adopters versus Non-Technology Adopters on the Sustainability of Agricultural Cooperatives
Erwin Kurniawan A. Nurjanana Nurjanana Ndan Imang Arfiah Busari Purwanti Purwanti Dio__Caisar__Darma Dio__Caisar__Darmaشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2024In the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support چکیده کاملIn the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support is cooperatives. On the other hand, some cooperatives in the developing phase experience technological lag. At the same time, East Kutai Regency, which is the agricultural center in East Kalimantan Province, tends to rely on the cooperative sector to encourage small and medium-scale economies. This research aims to investigate the causality between access to computers (AC), internet networks (IN), digital administration skills (DAS), and financial literacy (FL) on profits (PFT). The objectivity of the study compares agricultural cooperatives that adopt technology with adopt non-technology. Using panel data regression from eighteen sub-districts in East Kutai, it is proven that technology adopting agricultural cooperatives were more prominent than non-technology adopting agricultural cooperatives during 2017–2022. However, there is a harmony in the statistical findings from both observations, where access to computers and financial literacy both have a significant effect on profits. Other analysis results show that internet networks and digital administration skills have an insignificant impact on profits. The study's implications provide valuable output for the future sustainability of agricultural cooperatives. The success of agricultural cooperatives depends greatly on the effectiveness of the application of technology. پرونده مقاله
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1 - Factors Influencing Rural Livelihood Diversification Activities among Women in Northern Region of Ghana
Hamza Adam Henny Osbahrشماره 3 , دوره 9 , تابستان 2019Livelihood sustainability remains a major challenge for rural households in Northern Ghana. Although farming has traditionally been the core livelihood strategy for most households, diversifying into non-farm activities remains a common livelihood strategy employed to s چکیده کاملLivelihood sustainability remains a major challenge for rural households in Northern Ghana. Although farming has traditionally been the core livelihood strategy for most households, diversifying into non-farm activities remains a common livelihood strategy employed to sustain household basic needs, particularly for women, who because of their gender often face challenges in accessing land for farming purposes. There remains a dearth in knowledge regarding understanding fully the factors, which influence livelihood diversification activities women in Ghana. The paper uses a Probit model to examine the factors that influence livelihood diversification activities, using cross-sectional data from households in Northern Ghana. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 260 households for investigation. Data were collected by use of survey questionnaire and analysed using Probit model with livelihood diversification being the dependent variable. The findings showed that age, household size, formal education, group membership, participation in training, participation in decision-making, resource access and level of household poverty to influence women’s participation in livelihood diversification. The results suggest that policy to improve women’s participation in decision-making and provide support to women non-farm livelihood groups in the form of training, credit and markets, which will be vital to enhancing livelihood and reducing poverty in Northern Ghana. پرونده مقاله -
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2 - Technology Adopters versus Non-Technology Adopters on the Sustainability of Agricultural Cooperatives
Erwin Kurniawan A. Nurjanana Nurjanana Ndan Imang Arfiah Busari Purwanti Purwanti Dio__Caisar__Darma Dio__Caisar__Darmaشماره 1 , دوره 14 , زمستان 2024In the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support چکیده کاملIn the current situation, the world is busy with technological advances, including Indonesia. Since its arrival, many business fields have competed with each other to take part as technology users. One business sector that cannot be separated from technological support is cooperatives. On the other hand, some cooperatives in the developing phase experience technological lag. At the same time, East Kutai Regency, which is the agricultural center in East Kalimantan Province, tends to rely on the cooperative sector to encourage small and medium-scale economies. This research aims to investigate the causality between access to computers (AC), internet networks (IN), digital administration skills (DAS), and financial literacy (FL) on profits (PFT). The objectivity of the study compares agricultural cooperatives that adopt technology with adopt non-technology. Using panel data regression from eighteen sub-districts in East Kutai, it is proven that technology adopting agricultural cooperatives were more prominent than non-technology adopting agricultural cooperatives during 2017–2022. However, there is a harmony in the statistical findings from both observations, where access to computers and financial literacy both have a significant effect on profits. Other analysis results show that internet networks and digital administration skills have an insignificant impact on profits. The study's implications provide valuable output for the future sustainability of agricultural cooperatives. The success of agricultural cooperatives depends greatly on the effectiveness of the application of technology. پرونده مقاله -
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3 - Examining the Impact of Lead Farmer Approach on Follower Farmers’ Knowledge and Practice of Conservation Agriculture: A Case Study in Kalira Extension Planning Area, Ntchisi District, Malawi
Daniel Devoted Matemba Dalo Njeraشماره 4 , دوره 13 , پاییز 2023The Lead Farmer Approach (LFA) has emerged as a vital strategy for agricultural extension services in developing nations like Malawi, aiming to disseminate new technologies and practices among smallholder farmers. This study investigates the impact of LFA on follower fa چکیده کاملThe Lead Farmer Approach (LFA) has emerged as a vital strategy for agricultural extension services in developing nations like Malawi, aiming to disseminate new technologies and practices among smallholder farmers. This study investigates the impact of LFA on follower farmers' (FFs) knowledge and practice of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Malawi. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study conducted household surveys and focus group discussions in the Kalira Environmental Protection Area, Ntchisi district. Results indicate a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in FFs' knowledge of CA post-LFA, with notable advancements in crop rotation and minimum soil disturbance understanding. The LFA also positively influenced FFs' CA practices, particularly in minimum soil disturbances, permanent ground cover, and integration of agroforestry trees. While intercropping and crop rotation showed no significant change, the overall impact underscores the effectiveness of LFA in enhancing FFs' understanding and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The findings contribute valuable insights for governments, development agencies, and researchers working toward promoting CA and sustainable agriculture through the LFA approach, emphasizing its potential scalability and long-term sustainability پرونده مقاله -
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4 - Farmers Preferences to Plant Crops for Bio-Energy production (Case Study: Sugar Beet in north of Khuzestan Province)
Davood Momeni Choleki Reza Moghaddasi Yaghoub Zeraatkish Amir Mohamadinezhadشماره 1 , دوره 11 , زمستان 2021Bioenergy is one of renewable energy types. The expansion of production this type of energy can create employment and sustainable income for society in addition to reducing pollution caused by fossil fuels and protecting the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this r چکیده کاملBioenergy is one of renewable energy types. The expansion of production this type of energy can create employment and sustainable income for society in addition to reducing pollution caused by fossil fuels and protecting the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the preferences of sugar beet farmers in the north of Khuzestan province to the presumptive contracts of sugar beet planting to use in production of bioenergy. The statistical population of the research included 1890 sugar beet farmers of Khuzestan province in 2017-18 which 320 people were selected through the stratified sampling method. The required data were collected in person by referring to farmers and completing the questionnaire. Factors influencing the preferences of farmers were identified using the experimental approach of the attribute-oriented declared choice method to determine the important attributes of different sugar beet planting contracts and to estimate the conditional Logit regression model. The estimation results of the Logit model showed that coefficients related to the contract period, the area covered by the contract, the contract price, the cost-sharing in the contract, the product insurance in the contract and experience of sugar beet planting are positive and significant. The coefficient of the interaction of the variables of attitude to energy production, area under sugar beet planting, Experience of planting sugar beet and the area under sugar beet planting with ASC is significant and positive and the coefficient of the interaction of Farmer's risk attitude with ASC is significant and negative. DOR:20.1001.1.22517588.2021.11.1.1.3 پرونده مقاله -
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5 - Agricultural Extension Needs of Frontline Extension Workers under a Pluralistic Advisory System: Case of Zimbabwe Agricultural Growth Programme.
Christopher Gadzirayi Never Mafuse Emmanuel Zivenge Ronald Veremu Waddlove Sansoleشماره 4 , دوره 10 , پاییز 2020Compartmentalised extension prohibits the uptake of new technology thereby inhibiting agricultural growth. Extension services aimed at increased agricultural growth should have a market-led and evidence-based pluralistic advisory system that is coordinated by the govern چکیده کاملCompartmentalised extension prohibits the uptake of new technology thereby inhibiting agricultural growth. Extension services aimed at increased agricultural growth should have a market-led and evidence-based pluralistic advisory system that is coordinated by the government’s Agricultural and Technical Services division in response to the needs of farmers. This study sought to assess extension needs of government front line extension workers. The research was conducted in four districts of Zimbabwe. The research used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, including a survey and focus group discussions. The Competency Borich Needs Assessment Model to assess the extension competence needs was adopted. The results revealed that the extension officers were slightly above moderate level of competency in 10 of the 21 agricultural competencies and at moderate level in 1 of the 21 agricultural competencies. Regarding the required level of agricultural competencies needed by extension workers, the results showed a fairly high total mean level (TM = 3.45). Therefore, the extension workers believed that agricultural competencies were moderately needed to be improved. There is greater need to spruce up technical, extension and organisational competencies within the whole structure of Agricultural extension front line staff. پرونده مقاله -
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6 - Understanding Roles of Different Stakeholders Influencing the Use of Mobile Phones to Access Agricultural Information: A Case of Kilolo and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania
Siwel Nyamba Malongo Mloziشماره 2 , دوره 10 , بهار 2020The study investigated the roles of different stakeholders influencing the use of mobile phones in accessing agricultural information in Tanzania. While information is becoming an important ingredient in agriculture, farmers in Tanzania suffer the problem of lacking acc چکیده کاملThe study investigated the roles of different stakeholders influencing the use of mobile phones in accessing agricultural information in Tanzania. While information is becoming an important ingredient in agriculture, farmers in Tanzania suffer the problem of lacking access to agricultural information. Promisingly, mobile phone technology has become the most valued infrastructure which gives people access to information and services they need. Actually, the subscription of mobile phones in Tanzania is ubiquitous and is ever-growing. However, many farmers are not fully utilizing the potential that the technology prevails. There is an apparent disparity between mobile phone subscriptions which is increasingly being adopted on one hand and their uptake into farming practices. The question is, why farmers not fully utilizing the potential the technology prevails in agriculture and how could they be helped? The research adopted a multi-stage sampling technique whereby, initially two districts were purposively selected followed by a simple random sampling technique to obtain 240 respondents. Data collection methods used was: interviews, key informants interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social (SPSS), whereby some descriptive statistics including frequencies, means, percentages and standard deviations were determined. Chi-square tests and regression analysis were also performed to test for the relationship between variables and rule out variables that are the best predictors, respectively. پرونده مقاله -
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7 - Resource-Use Efficiency of Pepper Farmers in Ado-Local Government Area of Ekiti State
Julius Ilesanmi Kayode Akeredolu Adeyose Akinbola Peter Oladoyin Justin Ijigbadeشماره 2 , دوره 13 , بهار 2023The study investigated resource-use efficiency of pepper production in Ado Local Government area Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study specifically estimates the costs and returns, determines the resource-use efficiency, and identify the main constraints to pepper production چکیده کاملThe study investigated resource-use efficiency of pepper production in Ado Local Government area Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study specifically estimates the costs and returns, determines the resource-use efficiency, and identify the main constraints to pepper production in the area. Primary data were used with the aid of a well-designed questionnaire. A two-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 120 respondents. Descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that farmers earned an average net income of ₦100,159 per hectare while the return on investment was estimated to be 1.3. This implies that for every ₦1 invested, the farmer makes N1.30k, confirming the profitable of pepper enterprise in the area. The results of multiple regression revealed that labour, quantity of glove, seed and farm size were the significant factors affecting pepper production in the area. The estimates of resource-use efficiency showed that all the variables in the model were underutilized except variables such as cutlass and quantity of glove which are overutilized. The results further revealed that pest and disease, lack of credit, and inadequate storage facilities were the main constraints to the optimal productivity and profitability in the area. The study recommends the provision of credit facilities, effective pest and disease management strategies, and efficient use of inputs to enhance the productivity and profitability of pepper farming in the area. Therefore, the study is vital by identifying the underlying factors that would improve the sustainability and profitability of pepper production. پرونده مقاله -
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8 - Analysis of Factors Influencing Food Security Status of Female Headed Farm Households in Abia State, Nigeria
Kelechi Osonduشماره 1 , دوره 9 , زمستان 2019This study analysed factors influencing food security status of female headed farm households in Abia state, Nigeria. Multistage random sampling technique was employed in selecting 240 female headed farm households from whom data were collected using structured question چکیده کاملThis study analysed factors influencing food security status of female headed farm households in Abia state, Nigeria. Multistage random sampling technique was employed in selecting 240 female headed farm households from whom data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, food security indices and probit regression technique. Results of analysis showed that mean age of the female farm households heads was 47.56 years, while, mean farm size, household size, annual farm income and non-farm income of the female headed farm households were 0.71 hectares, 6 persons, 154,086 Naira and 92,034.08 Naira respectively. Food security line of the female headed farm households was N9206.81, with food insecurity incidence of 0.5863 and food insecurity gap of 0.4067. Results of probit regression showed that age, dependency ratio, level of education, extension access, farm income, household size, household asset endowment and membership of association were significant determinants of food security status of female headed farm households. Results also showed that 78.75% of the female headed farm households were constrained by inadequate access to credit. Relevant government agencies should mobilize female heads of farm households in Abia State and encourage them to join cooperative associations, so that they can derive benefits associated with being members of agricultural cooperatives such as increased access to credit, extension information and agricultural input, with which to improve farm productivity, farm income and food security. پرونده مقاله -
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9 - Some Physical Properties of Full-Ripe Banana Fruit (Cavendish variety)
M, Soltani R, Alimardani M, Omidشماره 1 , دوره 1 , زمستان 2011Physical properties of fruits and vegetables are the subject of many researches because of its importance in designing of agricultural machinery. Banana fruit is one of important fruit. In this study some physical properties of banana fruit (Cavendish variety) were dete چکیده کاملPhysical properties of fruits and vegetables are the subject of many researches because of its importance in designing of agricultural machinery. Banana fruit is one of important fruit. In this study some physical properties of banana fruit (Cavendish variety) were determined. Properties which were measured included weight of whole fruit peel and pulp weight, dimensions, surface area and projected area. The actual surface area and projected area were measured by image processing technique. The calculated attributes were geometric mean diameter, sphericity, radius of curvature, assumed ellipsoidal volume, surface area and projected area. The diameters of fruit varied as quadratic form. High correlation was observed among assumed ellipsoidal attributes and measured properties. The highest correlation was between estimated projected area and measured projected area as R2= 0.978. [Mahmoud Soltani et al. Some physical properties of full-ripe banana fruit (Cavendish variety). International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology, 2011; 1(1):1-5]. پرونده مقاله -
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10 - Post-Harvest Losses and Reduction Techniques in Crop Production: A Review.
Tolulope Ogedengbe Olorunfemi Malomo Nike Akanjiشماره 4 , دوره 12 , پاییز 2022Post-Harvest Losses are fast becoming a major problem causing huge losses for farmers and various countries at large. This challenge has resulted in various attempts to reduce the losses as much as possible. Crop production is essential to food security sustenance, henc چکیده کاملPost-Harvest Losses are fast becoming a major problem causing huge losses for farmers and various countries at large. This challenge has resulted in various attempts to reduce the losses as much as possible. Crop production is essential to food security sustenance, hence post-harvest losses are undesirable as it results in a threat to life and a reduction in Farmers income. This study reviews post-harvest losses, with the focus on developing countries, as they are mostly affected. It is imperative to study post-harvest loss taking cognizance of its ability to pose threat on food security most especially in the developing countries where a high post-harvest loss occurs during storage. The post-harvest losses in vegetables, fruits, and cereals were studied. Measures and technologies that can be adopted to reduce post-harvest losses has been discussed. Many developing countries are still struggling to minimize post-harvest losses because of lack of modern techniques, technologies and approaches, and this has continued to cause food insecurity across many developing nations. Smart farming techniques like the internet of time (iot), extension trainings and the use of various advance storage structures has been identified as measures for reducing post-harvest losses of crops. The application of these measures will drastically reduce post-harvest losses and this reduction will definitely result in a wider advantage. پرونده مقاله
