International Journal Of Agricultural Science, Research And Technology In Extension And Education Systems: 5 (4)

Open Access Article

1 - Perception, Adaptation Strategies and Challenges of Climate Change among Rural Households in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area Of Kogi State, Nigeria
Haruna Opaluwa Opeyemi Gbenga Nyamida Mercy

Climate change is one of the most serious challenges confronting agriculture, particularly, in rural Nigeria. This study examined the perception, adaptation strategies and challenges of climate change among rural households in Kogi State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling t More

Climate change is one of the most serious challenges confronting agriculture, particularly, in rural Nigeria. This study examined the perception, adaptation strategies and challenges of climate change among rural households in Kogi State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling techniques was used in the study. The first stage involves the purposive selection of six (6) rural farming communities, followed by a random selection of twenty (20) farmers each from the communities making a total of 120 respondents, the data were elicited with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, percentages, mean distribution and ranking. Most farmers observed change in climate, on their perception of climate change, the result showed that majority (44.9%) perceived climate change not to be severe, 41.5% perceived climate change to be very severe while 13.6% were undecided. On the perceived effects, most (87.5%) agreed to prevalence of pest and diseases, followed by high temperature (85.5%) as the major consequence of climate change in the area. Pesticide application (81.7%) was the major adaptive strategy used in the study area. Mulching (66.7%) is also very common in the area. Lack of government support (88.3%), inadequate extension services (86.7%), lack of finance (83.3%) among others were the main constraints to adaptation adoption in the study area. The study concluded that the respondents were aware and knowledgeable on the issues of climate change. There is need for government to make concrete efforts to enact appropriate policies on climate change adaptation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Indigenous Food Crop Production and Extent Decisions among Farm Households in Northern Ghana
Alhassan Andani

Crop production diversification into indigenous and neglected food crops could result in increased access by farm households to diverse food nutrients. This paper identifies the determinants of the decisions by farm households in northern Ghana to produce indigenous foo More

Crop production diversification into indigenous and neglected food crops could result in increased access by farm households to diverse food nutrients. This paper identifies the determinants of the decisions by farm households in northern Ghana to produce indigenous food crops using a double hurdle model estimation technique. The data show that producer households are relatively larger, with more young children and adult women than non-producer households. Producer households have larger farms that are dispersed in different locations, and are farther away from market centres compared to non-producer households. Decisions on crop choice and farm income utilization are made by women or jointly with men in producer households compared to their non-producer counterparts. Econometric results show that women’s utilization of crop income, farm size, being aware of the nutritional importance of indigenous crops, participation in food security projects, access to credit and distance to a market place significantly influence households decisions to produce indigenous food crops. Also, women’s utilization of crop income, farm size, having multiple land parcels, household size and having a bicycle tend to increase the diversity of neglected/underutilized crops while education, having more children and adult women constrain indigenous crop production diversity. The study recommends, for promoting the production of indigenous crops, strategies including provision of credit, empowerment of women, targeting distant communities relative to market centres and raising awareness about the nutritional relevance of indigenous food crops. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Determining the Factors Effective the Effectiveness of Agricultural Mechanization Cooperatives by Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Ali Salehi Solieman Rasouliazar

Cooperative organizations play an important role in improves the quality of work, especially in agricultural sector. The main purpose of this research was to determining the effective factors on the effectiveness of agricultural mechanization cooperatives (EAMC) in the More

Cooperative organizations play an important role in improves the quality of work, especially in agricultural sector. The main purpose of this research was to determining the effective factors on the effectiveness of agricultural mechanization cooperatives (EAMC) in the Mahabad township that located in west Azerbaijan province. The research population included farmers that member agricultural cooperatives in Mahabad township in the West Azerbaijan Provinces (N = 18758). By using Cochrane formula sample size was determined as 215 people. The data collection tool was the questionnaire. Reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha that was 0.769. Results showed that factors influencing the effectiveness on agricultural mechanization cooperatives (EAMC) include management, economic, social, policy-making and educational factors. Also finding of confirmatory factor analysis by lisrel shows that the highest value of R2 = 0.72 was related to the policy making factor and the lowest value of R2 = 0.42 was related to economical factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Structural Model of Job Satisfaction in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Staff Based on Herzberg Motivational Theory
Jamshid Abdi Sahar Dehyour Azita Zand Masoumeh Arfaee

This study intends to draw a structural model of job satisfaction from the perspective of Herzberg’s hygiene-motivation theory. The study was conducted on 528 staff of Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran. The sample size was determined by More

This study intends to draw a structural model of job satisfaction from the perspective of Herzberg’s hygiene-motivation theory. The study was conducted on 528 staff of Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran. The sample size was determined by the Cochran method (n=222) and the data collection tool was a questionnaire which was a combination of Minnesota questionnaire and researcher-made. Panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.89) indicated the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS software. According to the results of the correlation, the effect of individual characteristics on staff job satisfaction showed that 10% of the variance (variance) of staff job satisfaction was explained by them. Average satisfaction with hygiene factors and average satisfaction with motivational factors of AREEO staff were lower than average the job satisfaction rate. Amos software tested the theoretical model of research that showed that job satisfaction has both motivational and hygiene factors in the target population. The unique result of this paper was extracted the fitting model that indices were used to check the fit of the model (RMSEA=0.137; GFI=0.808; CMIN; 145.297), and the fitting values obtained for the research model as a whole confirm the suitability of the model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Input-Output Relationship in Cassava Production: Empirical Evidence among Cassava Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
Thankgod Akoh Ufedo Shaibu Habibat Usman

This study assessed the input and output relationship in cassava production in Kogi State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 120 cassava farmers for the study. The survey instrument was a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on More

This study assessed the input and output relationship in cassava production in Kogi State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 120 cassava farmers for the study. The survey instrument was a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics, inputs used in cassava production, and other relevant data. The data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and Cobb- Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The result of the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents showed that most of the farmers were female (64.2%). This study found an average age of 39.8 years among cassava farmers with a mean family size of 8 members and an average farm size of 3.7ha. Inputs identified in cassava production are; herbicide (65%), hired labour (50.8%), pesticide (21.7%), organic manure (38.3%), fertilizer (29.2%) and improved cassava cuttings (22.5%). The parameters of the production function were estimated by the maximum likelihood method using the computer program frontier. Results indicated that farm size (β = 75862.79), cassava cuttings (β = 63.4853), and labour (β = 409.4048) significantly influenced the output of cassava farmers at 5% level of significance. Furthermore, age (β = -.9921587), household size (β = -10.52704) and farming experience (β = 1.634783) significantly influenced inefficiency among cassava farmers in the area. Recommendations made to enhance the input-output relationship in cassava production include; provision of improved cassava cuttings to boost cassava production and there should be adequate farmland for cassava framers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Organic Farming: Opportunities and Challenges in Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal
Anzali Gurung Ram Asheshwar Mandal Ajay Mathema

This study was objectively done to assess the practice of organic farming and employment opportunities, compare the income generated from organic and inorganic products and identify the problems faced by farmers from organic farming system. Semi structure questionnaire More

This study was objectively done to assess the practice of organic farming and employment opportunities, compare the income generated from organic and inorganic products and identify the problems faced by farmers from organic farming system. Semi structure questionnaire survey, questionnaire, key informant interview and market survey were done to collect primary data and these were analyzed. The result showed that, total 137 and 99 employments were created by organic and inorganic farming. The organic farmers use the compost but the inorganic farmers used the chemical fertilizers. Liquid extracted from garlic and Azadirachta indica was used as pesticides in organic farming. The highest price difference was. US$ 0.18 for cucumber i.e, while the price difference for organic cauliflower was US$ 0.09. Similarly, the price difference of broccoli was only US$ 0.04. But the organic and inorganic price of cabbage, spinach, garlic, coriander and radish were recorded US$ 0.43, US$ 0.09, US$ 1.30, US$ 0.09 and US$ 0.43 respectively. Rich organic farmers were earning US$ 8677.54 annually this was US$ 2603.26 by rich inorganic farmers. Similarly, medium organic farmers and inorganic farmers were earning US$ 3123.92 and US$ 1561.96 respectively while poor organic and inorganic farmers are earning US$ 650.82 and US$ 433.88 respectively. Unavailable of good seeds, lack of organic fertilizer, slow production in initial year, lack of government support, irrigation, price difference, haphazard use of fertilizers and pesticides were recorded as the major problems in organic and inorganic farming. This study will be useful to develop the policy. Manuscript profile

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