ارزیابی متغیرهای کالبدی آسیب پذیری لرزه ای بناهای شهری با استفاده از مدل TOPSIS (مطالعه موردی: ناحیه منفصل شهری باباریز سنندج)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
کتایون بهزاد افشار
1
,
پرویز اکبری
2
1 - استادیارگروه فیزیک، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره)شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: آسیب پذیری لرزه ای, مدل TOPSIS, کالبدی, شهر سنندج, بناهای شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
وقوع زلزله باعث خسارت های زیادی به بناهای شهری شده که ناشی از عدم توجه به شناخت عوامل اساسی در آسیب پذیری در برابر زلزله می باشد، از اینرو لازم است که به بررسی و تحلیل متغیرهای تأثیر گذار کالبدی در آسیب پذیری لرزه ای پرداخته و نقش هر کدام را در جهت کاهش آسیب پذیری مشخص نمود. هدف این مقاله مطالعه اصولی و مشخص کردن و شناسایی نقاط آسیب پذیر در برابر خطر زلزله در ناحیه با توجه به معیارهای سازه ای مانند (نوع سازه و مصالح، کیفیت ،قدمت و عمر ساختمان، تعداد طبقات ساختمان، کاربری زمین، معابر)، است تا آسیب ناشی از زلزله در ناحیه منفصل شهری بابا ریز سنندج را کاهش داده و فراهم آوردن امکان برنامه ریزی درست بوده است. روش تحقیق، توصیفی- تحلیلی و موردی است. تکنیک گردآوری آمار و اطلاعات، با استفاده از روش ها اسنادی می باشد. و از مدلTOPSIS، نرم افزارهای GIS و excel برای جهت تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات استفاده شده است. بیشترین آسیب پذیری به ترتیب در ناحیه 2، 4،3 می باشد و ناحیه 1 از کمترین آسیب پذیری برخوردار است. بطورکلی می توان گفت، شمال غربی شهر و بافت مرکزی شهر جزء نواحی پرخطر و نواحی شرقی جز نواحی کم خطر در زمان وقوع زلزله می باشند. با توجه به متغیرهای کالبدی (سازه ای)، بیشترین احتمال آسیب پذیری کالبدی موثر را به ترتیب معابر، سازه و مصالح، تعداد طبقات ساختمانی را در آسیب پذیری از زلزله خواهند داشت، و کمترین نقش را کیفیت و عمر ساختمان و کاربری زمین خواهند بود.
The occurrence of the earthquake has caused a lot of damage to the urban structures due to the lack of attention to the identification of the basic factors in vulnerability to earthquakes. The purpose of this article is to study the principles and identify and identify vulnerabilities to earthquake risk in the region according to Structural measures such as the type of structure and materials, the quality, the age and the size of the building, the number of building floors, land use, and passageways, reduces the damage caused by the earthquake in the urban area of Baba Riz Sanandaj and provides the possibility of proper planning.. The research method is descriptive-analytical and case study. The technique of collecting statistics and information, using the library methods, is the use of statistics tables. The TOPSIS model utilizes GIS and excel software, as well as for information analysis. The highest vulnerability is in Division 2, 4.3 and Zone 1 has the least vulnerability. The northwest of the city and the central texture of the city are among the high-risk areas and the eastern regions, except for the low-risk areas at the time of the earthquake. Regarding the structural variables, the most likely physical damages in the order of the passageways, structures and materials, the number of building floors will be inaccuracy of the earthquake, and the least important role will be the quality and life of the building and land use.
Ahad Nejad Roosti, M., Gharakhlo, M., & Ziari K.A. (2010). Modeling Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake, Case Study: Zanjan City. Geography and Development Quarterly, 8 (19), 171-198. (In Persian)
Ahad Nezhad, M. (2009). Modeling and vulnerability of cities against earthquakes in a case study of Zanjan city", Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning, Guidance Mehdi Gharakhloo, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Ahadnejad Rooshti, M., Zolfi, A., Nowroozi, M., & Jalili, K. (2012). Assessment of Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake (Case Study of Khoramdar Township). Geography Quarterly and Zagros Landscape Planning, 3 (7), 81-97. (In Persian)
Ahad Nejad, M., Farajzadeh Asl, M., & Amini, J. (2011). Evaluation of the vulnerability of urban housing to earthquakes in the case study, District 9 of Tehran Municipality. Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 3 (9), 19-38. (In Persian)
Akashesh, B. (1383). Rudbar Forecast, Bam Yesterday, Tomorrow. Abstract of the articles of the Conference on Neighborhood Development in the Perspective of Sustainable Development, Tehran Municipality. (In Persian)
Alexander, D. (2002). Principles of Emergency and manegments. oxford university press.
Antonioni, G., Gigliola, S., & Valerio C. (2007). A methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of major accidents triggered by seismic events. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (1-2), 49-58.
Azizi, M. M., Akbari, R. (2008). Urban considerations in measuring the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes. Journal of Fine Arts, 34, 25-36. (In Persian)
Cova, T. J. (2005). GIS in emergency management, Geographic Information Systems: Principle Techniques, University of Utah content, 845-858.
Esfandiari Darabad, F., Ghaffari Guilan, A., & Lotfi, Kh. (2014). Modeling the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes using topsis method in GIS environment, Case study: Ardabil city. Quantitative geomorphology research, 2 (4), 17-36. (In Persian)
Fischer, H., scharnberger ch., & Geiger. (1966). Redusing seismis vulnerability in low tomoderate risk areas. Disaster preventron and management, 5 (4), MCB university,4-22.
Ghade rahmati, Z., Gandmkar, A., & Khoshkampour, A. (2014). Evaluation of Impact Variables on Urban Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake Case Study: Borujerd City. Environmental Planning Quarterly,6(22), 313-81. (In Persian).
Graeme, F. (2005). Geographic Information System for Geoscientist, Modeling with GIS. New York: Carter Publisher.
Hatami Nejad, H., Fathi, H; Ashgabadi, F. (2009). Estimation of Seismic Vulnerability in a Case Study City, Tehran 11th District. Human Geography Research,42(68),1-20. (In Persian)
Iran Statistics Center. (2011). Public Census and Housing. (In Persian)
Jahangiri, K, Azin SA, Mohammad K, Rahimi Forushani A.(2010). Analysis of Some Factors Affecting the Readiness of the People of Tehran against the Earthquake in 2006. Hakim Health Research Journal,13(3), 155-180. (In Persian)
Jalilpur, Shahnaz (2013). Evaluation of internal factors affecting the vulnerability of urban buildings against earthquakes using GIS. Case study: The old texture of Khoy city. Quarterly Journal of Environment,6(20),23-53. (In Persian)
Kavab Consulting Engineers. (1991). National and Regional Municipal Design. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. (In Persian)
Lantada, N., Pujades, L., & Barbat, A. (2009). Vulnerability index and capacity spectrum based methods for urban seismic risk evaluation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 51,501-524.
Lolang, O. (1995). Transformation of Seismographs, Translated by Seyyed Jalaleddin Fatemi and Ahmad Abbasnejad, Kerman. Shahid Bahonar University Press. (In Persian)
Maleki, A. (2008). Seismic hazard zonation and prioritization of housing improvement in the province of Kurdistan. Geographical Research Quarterly, 59, 115-124. (In Persian)
Maleki, S., Movadat, E. (2014). Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability Spectrum in Cities Based on Different Intensity Scenarios Using Models of Dd, TOPSIS and GIS Models (Case Study of Yazd City). Geographical Quarterly and Environmental Risks,2(5), 127-142. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Ahmadiani, J., Sahraeian, Z., & Khosravi, F. (2002). The Role of Factors Influencing the Physical Vulnerability of Jahrom City Against Earthquakes. Applied Geosciences Research,10(11), 121-143. (In Persian).
Pourmohammadi M. R., Mosayebzadeh, A. (2008). Vulnerability of Iranian cities against earthquakes and the role of neighborhood participation in their relief. Geography and Development, 6 (12), 117-144. (In Persian)
Rashed, k., & weeks, j. (2003). Assessing vulnerability to Earthquake Hazard through spatial international. journal of geographic information science multi criteria Analysis of urban Areas, 17 (6), 547-576.
Rosta, Sh. (2012). Zoning the risk of the fault of Tabriz for various land use. Geography and Development, 9 (21), 27-41. (In Persian)
UNDP(2004) Reducing disaster risk, A challenge for development. A global report, New York, Prevention and Recovery. NY 10017, USA: Bureau for Crisis.
Safari, H.A., Ghasemi, M.R., & Bahrami, M. (2015). Seismicity study of present-day movements in Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Journal of Law, 95(2),240-271.(In Persian)
Server, H., & Kashani Asl, A. (2017). Evaluation of the damage of the city of Ahar to the earthquake crisis. Journal of Environmental Studies,9(34), 87-108. (In Persian)
Shahabi, H., & Gholizadeh, H. (2011). Seismic hazard zonation by multi-criteria analysis. Geography and Development, 9 (21), 65-80. (In Persian)
Shi, I. (2011). Investigating the vulnerability of cities against earthquakes using the inverse hierarchical analysis method of IHWP and GIS" Case Study of Tehran Municipality 6. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Geographers of the World, p: 14. (In Persian)
Smith, K. (2000). Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster. 3rd Ed, NewYork: Routledge, Techniques, 845-858.
Soltani, H. (1987). History of City and Urbanization in Iran. First Printing, Tehran, Payame Noor University Press. (In Persian)
Sotoudeh, B. (2002). Land Use Planning and Correction of Roads for Earthquake Safety. Case Study: Gardens of Ferdows District. Tehran Municipality, Master's Thesis, Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran. P: 160. (In Persian)
Tang, A., & Wen, A. (2009). An Intelligent Simulation system for Earthquake Disaster Assessment. computers &Geosciences, 35 (5), 871- 879.
Wald, A., Scarpignato, C., Kamm, M.A, Mueller-Lissner S, Helfrich I, Schuijt C, Bubeck J, Limoni C, Petrini O.)2011). The burden of constipation on quality of life: results of a multinational survey. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 26, 227-236.
Wang, X., & Vom Hofe, R. (2007). Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning. Springer, New York.
Wise, Y. (2008). Attitudes toward Urban Planning and Urban Planning in Seismotectonic Areas. Tehran: International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. (In Persian)
_||_Ahad Nejad Roosti, M., Gharakhlo, M., & Ziari K.A. (2010). Modeling Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake, Case Study: Zanjan City. Geography and Development Quarterly, 8 (19), 171-198. (In Persian)
Ahad Nezhad, M. (2009). Modeling and vulnerability of cities against earthquakes in a case study of Zanjan city", Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning, Guidance Mehdi Gharakhloo, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Ahadnejad Rooshti, M., Zolfi, A., Nowroozi, M., & Jalili, K. (2012). Assessment of Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake (Case Study of Khoramdar Township). Geography Quarterly and Zagros Landscape Planning, 3 (7), 81-97. (In Persian)
Ahad Nejad, M., Farajzadeh Asl, M., & Amini, J. (2011). Evaluation of the vulnerability of urban housing to earthquakes in the case study, District 9 of Tehran Municipality. Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 3 (9), 19-38. (In Persian)
Akashesh, B. (1383). Rudbar Forecast, Bam Yesterday, Tomorrow. Abstract of the articles of the Conference on Neighborhood Development in the Perspective of Sustainable Development, Tehran Municipality. (In Persian)
Alexander, D. (2002). Principles of Emergency and manegments. oxford university press.
Antonioni, G., Gigliola, S., & Valerio C. (2007). A methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of major accidents triggered by seismic events. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (1-2), 49-58.
Azizi, M. M., Akbari, R. (2008). Urban considerations in measuring the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes. Journal of Fine Arts, 34, 25-36. (In Persian)
Cova, T. J. (2005). GIS in emergency management, Geographic Information Systems: Principle Techniques, University of Utah content, 845-858.
Esfandiari Darabad, F., Ghaffari Guilan, A., & Lotfi, Kh. (2014). Modeling the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes using topsis method in GIS environment, Case study: Ardabil city. Quantitative geomorphology research, 2 (4), 17-36. (In Persian)
Fischer, H., scharnberger ch., & Geiger. (1966). Redusing seismis vulnerability in low tomoderate risk areas. Disaster preventron and management, 5 (4), MCB university,4-22.
Ghade rahmati, Z., Gandmkar, A., & Khoshkampour, A. (2014). Evaluation of Impact Variables on Urban Urban Vulnerability to Earthquake Case Study: Borujerd City. Environmental Planning Quarterly,6(22), 313-81. (In Persian).
Graeme, F. (2005). Geographic Information System for Geoscientist, Modeling with GIS. New York: Carter Publisher.
Hatami Nejad, H., Fathi, H; Ashgabadi, F. (2009). Estimation of Seismic Vulnerability in a Case Study City, Tehran 11th District. Human Geography Research,42(68),1-20. (In Persian)
Iran Statistics Center. (2011). Public Census and Housing. (In Persian)
Jahangiri, K, Azin SA, Mohammad K, Rahimi Forushani A.(2010). Analysis of Some Factors Affecting the Readiness of the People of Tehran against the Earthquake in 2006. Hakim Health Research Journal,13(3), 155-180. (In Persian)
Jalilpur, Shahnaz (2013). Evaluation of internal factors affecting the vulnerability of urban buildings against earthquakes using GIS. Case study: The old texture of Khoy city. Quarterly Journal of Environment,6(20),23-53. (In Persian)
Kavab Consulting Engineers. (1991). National and Regional Municipal Design. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. (In Persian)
Lantada, N., Pujades, L., & Barbat, A. (2009). Vulnerability index and capacity spectrum based methods for urban seismic risk evaluation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 51,501-524.
Lolang, O. (1995). Transformation of Seismographs, Translated by Seyyed Jalaleddin Fatemi and Ahmad Abbasnejad, Kerman. Shahid Bahonar University Press. (In Persian)
Maleki, A. (2008). Seismic hazard zonation and prioritization of housing improvement in the province of Kurdistan. Geographical Research Quarterly, 59, 115-124. (In Persian)
Maleki, S., Movadat, E. (2014). Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability Spectrum in Cities Based on Different Intensity Scenarios Using Models of Dd, TOPSIS and GIS Models (Case Study of Yazd City). Geographical Quarterly and Environmental Risks,2(5), 127-142. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Ahmadiani, J., Sahraeian, Z., & Khosravi, F. (2002). The Role of Factors Influencing the Physical Vulnerability of Jahrom City Against Earthquakes. Applied Geosciences Research,10(11), 121-143. (In Persian).
Pourmohammadi M. R., Mosayebzadeh, A. (2008). Vulnerability of Iranian cities against earthquakes and the role of neighborhood participation in their relief. Geography and Development, 6 (12), 117-144. (In Persian)
Rashed, k., & weeks, j. (2003). Assessing vulnerability to Earthquake Hazard through spatial international. journal of geographic information science multi criteria Analysis of urban Areas, 17 (6), 547-576.
Rosta, Sh. (2012). Zoning the risk of the fault of Tabriz for various land use. Geography and Development, 9 (21), 27-41. (In Persian)
UNDP(2004) Reducing disaster risk, A challenge for development. A global report, New York, Prevention and Recovery. NY 10017, USA: Bureau for Crisis.
Safari, H.A., Ghasemi, M.R., & Bahrami, M. (2015). Seismicity study of present-day movements in Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Journal of Law, 95(2),240-271.(In Persian)
Server, H., & Kashani Asl, A. (2017). Evaluation of the damage of the city of Ahar to the earthquake crisis. Journal of Environmental Studies,9(34), 87-108. (In Persian)
Shahabi, H., & Gholizadeh, H. (2011). Seismic hazard zonation by multi-criteria analysis. Geography and Development, 9 (21), 65-80. (In Persian)
Shi, I. (2011). Investigating the vulnerability of cities against earthquakes using the inverse hierarchical analysis method of IHWP and GIS" Case Study of Tehran Municipality 6. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Geographers of the World, p: 14. (In Persian)
Smith, K. (2000). Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster. 3rd Ed, NewYork: Routledge, Techniques, 845-858.
Soltani, H. (1987). History of City and Urbanization in Iran. First Printing, Tehran, Payame Noor University Press. (In Persian)
Sotoudeh, B. (2002). Land Use Planning and Correction of Roads for Earthquake Safety. Case Study: Gardens of Ferdows District. Tehran Municipality, Master's Thesis, Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran. P: 160. (In Persian)
Tang, A., & Wen, A. (2009). An Intelligent Simulation system for Earthquake Disaster Assessment. computers &Geosciences, 35 (5), 871- 879.
Wald, A., Scarpignato, C., Kamm, M.A, Mueller-Lissner S, Helfrich I, Schuijt C, Bubeck J, Limoni C, Petrini O.)2011). The burden of constipation on quality of life: results of a multinational survey. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 26, 227-236.
Wang, X., & Vom Hofe, R. (2007). Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning. Springer, New York.
Wise, Y. (2008). Attitudes toward Urban Planning and Urban Planning in Seismotectonic Areas. Tehran: International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering. (In Persian)