ارزیابی کاربری اراضی شهری با رویکرد عدالت فضایی (مطالعه موردی: شهر زنجان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایمحمد سلمانی مقدم 1 , حسن خدابنده لو 2 , عباس درودی نیا 3 , نگین سادات میرواحدی 4
1 - استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: آنتروپی, عدالت اجتماعی, کاربری اراضی شهری, شهر زنجان, تحلیل ظرفیت,
چکیده مقاله :
با رشد فزاینده شهرنشینی در جهان؛ شهرهای کشورهای درحال‌توسعه و ازجمله ایران، با عدم تعادل‌های خدماتی و پراکنش جمعیت و رشد بی‌قواره شهری مواجه بوده‌اند؛ به‌طوری‌که ناپایداری حاصل از آن، به شکل عدم تعادل‌های فضایی- اجتماعی و با نمودهایی همچون محرومیت شهروندان از خدمات و تسهیلات شهری، افزایش شکاف طبقاتی و تشدید تفاوت مناطق شمال و جنوب شهر و غیره نمایان شده است. لذا با توجه به مفاهیم عدالت فضایی و اجتماعی و برای تحقق این اهداف؛ رفع نابرابری‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی، کاهش آسیب‌پذیری اقشار کم‌درآمد، توزیع بهینه خدمات و امکانات، توجه به نیازهای اساسی شهروندان در شهرها موضوعی حیاتی و اجتناب‌ناپذیر می‌باشد. کاربری اراضی شهری ازجمله مواردی است که با کارکرد مطلوب خود از طریق پاسخگویی به نیاز جمعیتی، افزایش منفعت عمومی؛ جایگاهی مهمی را در این زمینه ایفا می‌کند. به همین منظور این پژوهش با بررسی و ارزیابی کاربری‌های شهری با رویکرد عدالت فضایی در شهر زنجان به دنبال شناسایی وضعیت موجود می‌باشد. نوشتار حاضر ازنظر هدف با رویکردی کاربردی و ازنظر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد که پس از تشریح مفاهیم با روش کتابخانه‌ای، با در نظر گرفتن دو شاخص تأثیرگذار در کاربری اراضی و با به‌کارگیری نرم‌افزار ArcGIS، در چارچوب مدل میانگین نزدیک‌ترین همسایه (RN)، آنتروپی و سرانه و سطح مطلوب، کاربری‌های شهری را موردبررسی و ارزیابی قرار داده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که توزیع و پراکنش و سازمان‌یابی کاربری‌های خدماتی در شهر زنجان به‌صورت متمرکز و با عدم تعادل فضایی روبرو بوده و همراه با آشفتگی و اختلاف فاحش کمی و کیفی در مناطق سه‌گانه زنجان است.
The impact of cities in the national and international arena has increased in recent years and local governments have faced with challenges related to new technology, economy of knowledge, cultural diversity and environmental sustainability. In the same vein, creation of learner cities is undeniable and ideal substrate as a convenient place for lifelong learning and also for citizens' education, respectively. Also, creation of learner cities promises realization of creative cities which provides the participation context of citizens' wisdom based and lifelong knowledge creation by relying on sustainable power of creativity. Therefore, it will be possible to achieve sustainable city, with relying on this interconnectedness and combination of continuous knowledge of learner city and creativity of creative city. The purpose of present study is to investigate the relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city. The methodology and data collection in this study were descriptive, analytical, correlation and also documentation and survey study correspondingly using questionnaire tool. The population in this study consist of offices' experts of Rasht city. In this study, sample size and sampling method were determined 367 members via Morgan's table and also snowball sampling (clustering), respectively. The Spearman's and multiple regression tests were used for the analysis of the hypothesis. Results showed there is a statistically significant relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city (P>0.01). Consequently, it will be possible to achieve the sustainable city by appreciating learning and growing the creativity of citizens.
Ahadnejad, M., & Gholamhosseini, R., Zolfi, A. (2014). The Evaluation of Spatial distribution and allocation of urban medical centers using Network Analyst Model (A case study Zanjan city). Urbam management. 13 (35), 167-180. (In Persian)
Ahadnejad, M., Zolfi, A., & Nourozi, M.J. (2013). The Evaluation of Population and Utilities Distribution in Urban Regions with Sustainable Development and Social Justice Approaches Using VIKOR AND TOPSIS Models (A case Study Zanjan City). Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 5 (2), 183-169. (In Persian)
Alipour, Z. (2012). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the land use realization of a detailed plan of Zanjan city of 1988 using GIS (Case study: District 1 of Zanjan municipality). Master thesis, not published. University of Zanjan, zanjan, Iran. (In Persian)
Armanshahr Consulting Engineers .(2006). Detailed plan of Zanjan, Vol 3 (current status), Zanjan: Housing and Urbanization Organization of Zanjan province. (In Persian).
Asgari, A. (2011). Analysis of spatial statistics using ARCGIS. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Tehran Municipality ICT Organization Publication. (In Persian).
Bolay, J. C., Pedrazzini, Y., Rabinovich, A., Catenazzi, A., & Pleyán, C. G. (2005). Urban environment, spatial fragmentation and social segration in Latin America: where does innovation lie?. Habitat International, 29 (4), 627-645.
Bouchani, M.H., (2006). Reviews of socio-spatial imbalance Ilam city from the perspective of sustainable development , Selection of research from the master's thesis to the guidance of Dr. Mozaffar Sarafi, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Shahrdariha. 6 (73), 66-69. (In Persian).
Dadashpoor, H., & Rostami, F. (2011). Investigation and analysis of urban public services distribution from the perspective of spatial equity: The case of Yasuj City. Geography and Regional Development. 9 (16), 171-198. (In Persian).
Ebrahimnia, V., Rasouli, M., & Zandieh, S. (2009). Land Use Allocation Methods and Models. Semi-Annually Armanshahr, 2 (2), 9-22.
Ebrahimzadeh, I., & Ardakani, A. M. (2006). Evaluation of urban land use of Ardakan Fars. Journal of Geography and Development, 4 (7), 43-68.
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Ahadnezhad, M., Ebrahimzadeh, A. H., & Shafiei, Y. (2010). Spatial Organization and Planning of Health Services by the Use of GIS; The Case of Zanjan City. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 42 (73), 39-58. (In Persian).
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Bazrafshan, J., & Habibzadeh, K.L. (2010). An Analyses and Assessment of the Rural-City Land use in Iran by Utilization of GIS (Case Study: Khoshroodpey of Babol). Urban Regional Studies & Research. 2 (5), 111-138. (In Persian).
Eck, J., Chainey, S., Cameron, J., & Wilson, R. (2005). Mapping crime: Understanding hotspots. (1th Ed.). Translation by Kalantari, M., Shokouhi, M. Zanjan: Azar kelk Publication. (In Persian).
Fanni, Z. (2009). Small cities another approach in regional development. (3th Ed.). Tehran: Azarakhsh Publication. (In Persian).
Gholami, M., Rastegar, M., & Moghadam, M. (2011). Effects of distribution of sport- entertainment land use on intra urban traffic (case study: Zanjan city). Urban Ecology Researches. 2 (3), 83-92. (In Persian).
Ghorbani, R. (2015). Principles Of Urban Planning. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Samt Publication. (In Persian).
Gray, R. (2002). The social accounting project and Accounting Organizations and Society Privileging engagement, imaginings, new accountings and pragmatism over critique?. Accounting. organizations and society, 27 (7), 687-708.
Harvey, D. (2003). Social justice and the city. (1th Ed.). Translation by Hesamian, F., Haeri, M.R, Monadizadeh, B., Tehran: Urban Planning and Data Processing Co. Publication. (In Persian).
Hataminejad, H., Farhoudi, R., Mohammadpour Jaberi, M. (2008). Analysis of Social Inequality in Prosperity of Urban Services Land Uses Case Study: Esfarayen. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 40 (65), 71-85. (In Persian).
Hewko, Jared Neil .(2003). Spatial Equity in the Urban Environment: Assessing Neighborhoods Accessibility to Public Amenities, University of Alberta.
Holifield, R. (2001). Defining environmental justice and environmental racism. Urban Geography, 22 (1), 78-90.
Kalantari, A., Nasre Esfehani, A., & Aram, H. (2013). City justice; spatial distribution of facilities and services and its proportion with the population living in areas of Tehran. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City Publication. (In Persian).
Keyamehr, R., Piri, I., Bazmavard, S., & Azari, M. (2016). Analysis of the spatial distribution of hotels in tourist destinations, case study: the city of Kermanshah. Urban Tourism. 3 (1), 43-57. (In Persian).
Khakpour, B., & Bavanpouri, A. (2009). Review and Analyzing the Inequalities in Development Levels of Mashhad Regions. Knowledge & Development, 16 (27), 182-202. (In Persian).
Lees, N. (2010). Inequality as an Obstacle to World Political Community and Global Social Justice. Oxford University, Paper to be Presented at the SGIR 7th Annual Conference on International Relations, Sweden, September.
Ley, D., & Frost, H. (1991). The inner city. 313-348. In: Bunting, T. E., & Filion, P. (Eds.). (2000). Canadian Cities in Transition: the twenty-first century. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press.
Mahdizadeh, J., Pirzadeh nohouji, h., Amiri, M.D., Jahanshahi, M.H., Taghizadeh Motlagh, M., & Sarafzadeh, H., (2003). Strategic Planning for Urban Development Recent World Experience and its Status in Iran. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Ministry of Housing, Urban Planning, Deputy of Architecture and Urban Development: Sima Design and Publishing Co. Publication. (In Persian).
Marsousi, N. (2004). Development and social justice in Tehran. Economic Research. 4(14), 19-32. (In Persian).
Martínez, J. (2009). The use of GIS and indicators to monitor intra-urban inequalities. A case study in Rosario, Argentina. Habitat International, 33 (4), 387-396.
Meshkini, A., Lotfi, S., Ahmadi, F. (2014). Investigating urban management in creating a spatial imbalance among urban districts (a case study of Qaemshahr). Spatial Planning. 18 (2), 153-172. (In Persian).
Mo'in, M. (1992). Moin Encyclopedic Dictionary. (8th Ed.). Vol II, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication. (In Persian).
Ostadtaghizadeh, A., & Amari, H. (2005). Quiet City, Stressful City. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Tissa Publication. (In Persian).
Poorahmad, A., Hataminejad, H., Ziari, K., Farajisabokbar, H., Vafaii, A., (2014). The Evaluation and Revising of urban land use from the Point of View of social justice. (Case Study : Kashan). Town and country planning. 6 (2), 179-208. (In Persian).
Pourmohammadi, M.R. (2012). Urban Land-use Planning. (8th Ed.). Tehran: Samt Publication. (In Persian).
Razavian, M.T. (2002). Urban Land use Planning. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Monshizadeh Publication. (In Persian).
Saeidnia, A. (2004). Green Book of Municipalities, Volume II: Urban land use, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and village administrators of the country, Tehran. (In Persian).
Saraei, M.H., & Pourmohammad, E. (2008). Analysis of the spatial organization of East Azarbaijan Province at urban and regional levels using the entropy model (disorder indicator). Geographic Space. 8 (22), 57-71. (In Persian).
Sasanpoor, F., Mostafavi, S., & Ahmadi, M. (2015).Analysis of Spatial Inequalityin Prosperity of Urban Services Land Uses (Case Study of Sanandaj City). Research & Urban Planning. 6 (23), 95-114. (In Persian).
Sasanpoor, F., Tabei, N., Moradi, S.A., & Niazi, C. (2014). Investigating And Analyzing The Spatial Distribution Of Urban Services In Urban Areas With A Sustainable Development Approach (Case Study: Southern Regions Of Tehran). Geography & Environmental Studies. 3 (9), 37-46. (In Persian).
Shakoei, H. (2003). Environmental Philosophies And Geographical Schools. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Gitashenasi Publication. (In Persian).
Shakohi, M.A., Rastegar, M., & Mirjafari, R.S. (2015). Analysis pattern spatial distribution of sports centers and Radius of Service by Using GIS A Case Study: Zanjan City. Geography and Regional Development. 13 (24), 23-43. (In Persian).
Sharifi, A. (2006). Social Justice & The City: An Analysis of Regional Inequalities In Ahvaz City. Ph.D. thesis, not published. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Sharmand Consulting Engineers .(2009). Detailed Design of Zanjan, Zanjan: Housing and Urban Development Organization of Zanjan Province. (In Persian).
Statistical Center Of Iran.(2017). General Population & Housing Census 2016. Tehtan: Statistical Center Of Iran.
Taheri, A., & Aram, H. (2015). Strategies to Promote Social Justice Indicators' Development in Business Corporations. Iranian Social Development Studies. 7 (2), 85-105. (In Persian).
Tsou, K. W., Hung, Y. T., & Chang, Y. L. (2005). An accessibility-based integrated measure of relative spatial equity in urban public facilities. Cities, 22 (6), 424-435.
Varesi, H.R., Zangi abadi, A., & Yaghfuri, H. (2008). Comparative Study of Urban Public Utilities Distribution in terms of Social Justice (Case Study: Zahedan City). Geography & Development. 6 (11), 139-156. (In Persian).
Vlahov, D., Galea, S., Gibble, E., & Freudenberg, N. (2005). Perspectives on urban conditions and population health. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 21(3), 949-957.
Wu, J., Jenerette, G. D., Buyantuyev, A., & Redman, C. L. (2011). Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization: The case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regions in the United States. Ecological Complexity, 8 (1), 1-8.
Zakerian, M., Mousavi, M.N., & Bagheri, A. (2010). The Analysis Of The Population Dispersion And The Distribution Of The Services In Urban Sector Of Meybod With Regard To The Stable Development. Research & Urban Planning. 1 (2), 61-84. (In Persian).
Zarabi, A., Gholami, Y., & Mousavi, S.A. (2009). Investigating the application of Nur Abad Mamasaniâs lands using the Geographical information system (GIS). Urban Regional Studies And Research. 1 (1), 25-48. (In Persian).
Ziari, K. (2011). Urban Land use Planning. (3th Ed.). Tehran: University Of Tehran Publication. (In Persian).
_||_Ahadnejad, M., & Gholamhosseini, R., Zolfi, A. (2014). The Evaluation of Spatial distribution and allocation of urban medical centers using Network Analyst Model (A case study Zanjan city). Urbam management. 13 (35), 167-180. (In Persian)
Ahadnejad, M., Zolfi, A., & Nourozi, M.J. (2013). The Evaluation of Population and Utilities Distribution in Urban Regions with Sustainable Development and Social Justice Approaches Using VIKOR AND TOPSIS Models (A case Study Zanjan City). Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 5 (2), 183-169. (In Persian)
Alipour, Z. (2012). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the land use realization of a detailed plan of Zanjan city of 1988 using GIS (Case study: District 1 of Zanjan municipality). Master thesis, not published. University of Zanjan, zanjan, Iran. (In Persian)
Armanshahr Consulting Engineers .(2006). Detailed plan of Zanjan, Vol 3 (current status), Zanjan: Housing and Urbanization Organization of Zanjan province. (In Persian).
Asgari, A. (2011). Analysis of spatial statistics using ARCGIS. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Tehran Municipality ICT Organization Publication. (In Persian).
Bolay, J. C., Pedrazzini, Y., Rabinovich, A., Catenazzi, A., & Pleyán, C. G. (2005). Urban environment, spatial fragmentation and social segration in Latin America: where does innovation lie?. Habitat International, 29 (4), 627-645.
Bouchani, M.H., (2006). Reviews of socio-spatial imbalance Ilam city from the perspective of sustainable development , Selection of research from the master's thesis to the guidance of Dr. Mozaffar Sarafi, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Shahrdariha. 6 (73), 66-69. (In Persian).
Dadashpoor, H., & Rostami, F. (2011). Investigation and analysis of urban public services distribution from the perspective of spatial equity: The case of Yasuj City. Geography and Regional Development. 9 (16), 171-198. (In Persian).
Ebrahimnia, V., Rasouli, M., & Zandieh, S. (2009). Land Use Allocation Methods and Models. Semi-Annually Armanshahr, 2 (2), 9-22.
Ebrahimzadeh, I., & Ardakani, A. M. (2006). Evaluation of urban land use of Ardakan Fars. Journal of Geography and Development, 4 (7), 43-68.
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Ahadnezhad, M., Ebrahimzadeh, A. H., & Shafiei, Y. (2010). Spatial Organization and Planning of Health Services by the Use of GIS; The Case of Zanjan City. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 42 (73), 39-58. (In Persian).
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Bazrafshan, J., & Habibzadeh, K.L. (2010). An Analyses and Assessment of the Rural-City Land use in Iran by Utilization of GIS (Case Study: Khoshroodpey of Babol). Urban Regional Studies & Research. 2 (5), 111-138. (In Persian).
Eck, J., Chainey, S., Cameron, J., & Wilson, R. (2005). Mapping crime: Understanding hotspots. (1th Ed.). Translation by Kalantari, M., Shokouhi, M. Zanjan: Azar kelk Publication. (In Persian).
Fanni, Z. (2009). Small cities another approach in regional development. (3th Ed.). Tehran: Azarakhsh Publication. (In Persian).
Gholami, M., Rastegar, M., & Moghadam, M. (2011). Effects of distribution of sport- entertainment land use on intra urban traffic (case study: Zanjan city). Urban Ecology Researches. 2 (3), 83-92. (In Persian).
Ghorbani, R. (2015). Principles Of Urban Planning. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Samt Publication. (In Persian).
Gray, R. (2002). The social accounting project and Accounting Organizations and Society Privileging engagement, imaginings, new accountings and pragmatism over critique?. Accounting. organizations and society, 27 (7), 687-708.
Harvey, D. (2003). Social justice and the city. (1th Ed.). Translation by Hesamian, F., Haeri, M.R, Monadizadeh, B., Tehran: Urban Planning and Data Processing Co. Publication. (In Persian).
Hataminejad, H., Farhoudi, R., Mohammadpour Jaberi, M. (2008). Analysis of Social Inequality in Prosperity of Urban Services Land Uses Case Study: Esfarayen. Human Geography Research Quarterly. 40 (65), 71-85. (In Persian).
Hewko, Jared Neil .(2003). Spatial Equity in the Urban Environment: Assessing Neighborhoods Accessibility to Public Amenities, University of Alberta.
Holifield, R. (2001). Defining environmental justice and environmental racism. Urban Geography, 22 (1), 78-90.
Kalantari, A., Nasre Esfehani, A., & Aram, H. (2013). City justice; spatial distribution of facilities and services and its proportion with the population living in areas of Tehran. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City Publication. (In Persian).
Keyamehr, R., Piri, I., Bazmavard, S., & Azari, M. (2016). Analysis of the spatial distribution of hotels in tourist destinations, case study: the city of Kermanshah. Urban Tourism. 3 (1), 43-57. (In Persian).
Khakpour, B., & Bavanpouri, A. (2009). Review and Analyzing the Inequalities in Development Levels of Mashhad Regions. Knowledge & Development, 16 (27), 182-202. (In Persian).
Lees, N. (2010). Inequality as an Obstacle to World Political Community and Global Social Justice. Oxford University, Paper to be Presented at the SGIR 7th Annual Conference on International Relations, Sweden, September.
Ley, D., & Frost, H. (1991). The inner city. 313-348. In: Bunting, T. E., & Filion, P. (Eds.). (2000). Canadian Cities in Transition: the twenty-first century. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press.
Mahdizadeh, J., Pirzadeh nohouji, h., Amiri, M.D., Jahanshahi, M.H., Taghizadeh Motlagh, M., & Sarafzadeh, H., (2003). Strategic Planning for Urban Development Recent World Experience and its Status in Iran. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Ministry of Housing, Urban Planning, Deputy of Architecture and Urban Development: Sima Design and Publishing Co. Publication. (In Persian).
Marsousi, N. (2004). Development and social justice in Tehran. Economic Research. 4(14), 19-32. (In Persian).
Martínez, J. (2009). The use of GIS and indicators to monitor intra-urban inequalities. A case study in Rosario, Argentina. Habitat International, 33 (4), 387-396.
Meshkini, A., Lotfi, S., Ahmadi, F. (2014). Investigating urban management in creating a spatial imbalance among urban districts (a case study of Qaemshahr). Spatial Planning. 18 (2), 153-172. (In Persian).
Mo'in, M. (1992). Moin Encyclopedic Dictionary. (8th Ed.). Vol II, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication. (In Persian).
Ostadtaghizadeh, A., & Amari, H. (2005). Quiet City, Stressful City. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Tissa Publication. (In Persian).
Poorahmad, A., Hataminejad, H., Ziari, K., Farajisabokbar, H., Vafaii, A., (2014). The Evaluation and Revising of urban land use from the Point of View of social justice. (Case Study : Kashan). Town and country planning. 6 (2), 179-208. (In Persian).
Pourmohammadi, M.R. (2012). Urban Land-use Planning. (8th Ed.). Tehran: Samt Publication. (In Persian).
Razavian, M.T. (2002). Urban Land use Planning. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Monshizadeh Publication. (In Persian).
Saeidnia, A. (2004). Green Book of Municipalities, Volume II: Urban land use, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and village administrators of the country, Tehran. (In Persian).
Saraei, M.H., & Pourmohammad, E. (2008). Analysis of the spatial organization of East Azarbaijan Province at urban and regional levels using the entropy model (disorder indicator). Geographic Space. 8 (22), 57-71. (In Persian).
Sasanpoor, F., Mostafavi, S., & Ahmadi, M. (2015).Analysis of Spatial Inequalityin Prosperity of Urban Services Land Uses (Case Study of Sanandaj City). Research & Urban Planning. 6 (23), 95-114. (In Persian).
Sasanpoor, F., Tabei, N., Moradi, S.A., & Niazi, C. (2014). Investigating And Analyzing The Spatial Distribution Of Urban Services In Urban Areas With A Sustainable Development Approach (Case Study: Southern Regions Of Tehran). Geography & Environmental Studies. 3 (9), 37-46. (In Persian).
Shakoei, H. (2003). Environmental Philosophies And Geographical Schools. (1th Ed.). Tehran: Gitashenasi Publication. (In Persian).
Shakohi, M.A., Rastegar, M., & Mirjafari, R.S. (2015). Analysis pattern spatial distribution of sports centers and Radius of Service by Using GIS A Case Study: Zanjan City. Geography and Regional Development. 13 (24), 23-43. (In Persian).
Sharifi, A. (2006). Social Justice & The City: An Analysis of Regional Inequalities In Ahvaz City. Ph.D. thesis, not published. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Sharmand Consulting Engineers .(2009). Detailed Design of Zanjan, Zanjan: Housing and Urban Development Organization of Zanjan Province. (In Persian).
Statistical Center Of Iran.(2017). General Population & Housing Census 2016. Tehtan: Statistical Center Of Iran.
Taheri, A., & Aram, H. (2015). Strategies to Promote Social Justice Indicators' Development in Business Corporations. Iranian Social Development Studies. 7 (2), 85-105. (In Persian).
Tsou, K. W., Hung, Y. T., & Chang, Y. L. (2005). An accessibility-based integrated measure of relative spatial equity in urban public facilities. Cities, 22 (6), 424-435.
Varesi, H.R., Zangi abadi, A., & Yaghfuri, H. (2008). Comparative Study of Urban Public Utilities Distribution in terms of Social Justice (Case Study: Zahedan City). Geography & Development. 6 (11), 139-156. (In Persian).
Vlahov, D., Galea, S., Gibble, E., & Freudenberg, N. (2005). Perspectives on urban conditions and population health. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 21(3), 949-957.
Wu, J., Jenerette, G. D., Buyantuyev, A., & Redman, C. L. (2011). Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization: The case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regions in the United States. Ecological Complexity, 8 (1), 1-8.
Zakerian, M., Mousavi, M.N., & Bagheri, A. (2010). The Analysis Of The Population Dispersion And The Distribution Of The Services In Urban Sector Of Meybod With Regard To The Stable Development. Research & Urban Planning. 1 (2), 61-84. (In Persian).
Zarabi, A., Gholami, Y., & Mousavi, S.A. (2009). Investigating the application of Nur Abad Mamasaniâs lands using the Geographical information system (GIS). Urban Regional Studies And Research. 1 (1), 25-48. (In Persian).
Ziari, K. (2011). Urban Land use Planning. (3th Ed.). Tehran: University Of Tehran Publication. (In Persian).