Journal of Comparative Pathobiology: 2 (49)

Open Access Article

1 - Histopathologic evaluation of pulmonary lesions in camel in Iran (Camelus dromedarius)
A. Chitgar, ایرج Sohrabi Haghdost, J. Jamshidian, S. Hesaraki,

Pulmonary infections are of important diseases in camel that jeopardize the health of the animaland decrease its production efficiency. Considering that prevention and treatment of pulmonaryinfections necessitate the knowledge of respiratory diseases and the fact that l More

Pulmonary infections are of important diseases in camel that jeopardize the health of the animaland decrease its production efficiency. Considering that prevention and treatment of pulmonaryinfections necessitate the knowledge of respiratory diseases and the fact that little information isavailable in this regard in camel, the present study was conducted to investigate the pulmonarylesions using histopathological methods in camels slaughtered. The respiratory tracts of thecamels were thoroughly inspected for lesions. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin. Next, thesamples were stained using Hematoxilin and eosin stain (H&E) and were evaluated. Theoccurrence of pulmonary lesions was 79.6% (236/447). The occurrence acute interstitialpneumonia, chronic interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiolitis, pleuritis andatelectasis were 52.8% (236/447), 5.4% (24/447), 7.8% (35/447), 6.7% (30/447), 3.4% (15/447)and 15.2% (68/447), respectively. The occurrence of pulmonary lesions, acute interstitialpneumonia and bronchopneumonia was higher in fall and winter than spring and summer (P <0.05). In conclusion, the present study showed high occurrence of pulmonary lesions in camels.Moreover, the results revealed higher occurrence of pulmonary lesions in cold seasons. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of peel of Punica granatum L. on growth of Candida albicans in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
M. Sadeghpour, M. Eidi, F. Noorbakhsh,

Nowadays, especially opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans are the most common riskfactors in patients who are immunocompromised. Fungal infections caused by Candida speciesand increasing strains resistant to azole drugs in Immunosuppression patients are importan More

Nowadays, especially opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans are the most common riskfactors in patients who are immunocompromised. Fungal infections caused by Candida speciesand increasing strains resistant to azole drugs in Immunosuppression patients are important toenjoy. The toxicity of drugs used, the resistance of the fungus and problems from druginteractions, necessitates the use of more effective and less toxic drugs cause the screw.Pomegranate consumption except for nutrition is impressive for medicinal and therapeuticeffects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel extract at dosesconcentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg on growth of C. albicans (ATCC 10231) inalloxan-induced diabetic rat. The animals were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection ofalloxan (150 mg/kg). After diabetes induction, they were infected by Candida albicans, orally.Then, treatments of extract and Itraconazole were done orally. Sampling of fungus from month,culturing and colony counting were done daily for evaluating effects of extract and Itraconazoleon fungal growth. The results showed that oral treatment of hydro-alcoholic peel extractimproved Candida albicans infections in diabetic rats. Its potency is similar to Itraconazole, assynthetic drug. On the second day of treatment, significant effect of extract on growth C.albicans was shown (P<0.001). Comparison between effects of pomegranate extract andItraconazole on C. albicans was significant. The results suggest antifungal effect extract ofpomegranate compared with the antifungal medication. As a result, consumption ofpomegranate extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans in the diabetic rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Optimization the antioxidative properties of catfish (Arius thalassinus) skin gelatin hydrolysate using response surface methodology
A. Taheri, V. Mokhtarnezhad, A. Motamedzadegan,

Free radicals are cause of the various diseases. Oxidation also reduces the quality of the foodand causes the disease. Synthetic antioxidants have human health risks, so it is necessary toidentify the natural antioxidant agents. The objective of this study was to optimi More

Free radicals are cause of the various diseases. Oxidation also reduces the quality of the foodand causes the disease. Synthetic antioxidants have human health risks, so it is necessary toidentify the natural antioxidant agents. The objective of this study was to optimize theproduction of gelatin hydrolysissate with antioxidant properties. The catfish skin gelatin wasextracted using sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and citric acid by the washing after eachtreatment, finally 3 volumes of distilled water added at 45° C for 12 h in a shaker incubator andhydrolyzed under various conditions of temperature, enzyme concentration and time using theFlavourzyme. Gelatin for measuring the ion chelating of ferrous iron, mixed with FeCl2 andFrosin and after ten minutes of stay at room temperature, absorbance at 562 nm was measured.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the production of gelatin hydrolysis. Thetest variables included the time (min), temperature (oC) and enzyme-substrate ratio (%), percentthe chelated Fe (II) was considered as a response. Analysis of variance showed significance ofthe models, temperature and enzyme to substrate (P<0.05) and not significance for the time(P>0.05). This indicates a good fitness to the model. Catfish skin gelatin hydrolysate show agood percent Fe (II) ion chelating in the range of 20-81%. The results suggest antioxidantpeptides from catfish skin gelatin hydrolysis can be a potential candidate for the pharmaceuticalindustry and for the development of functional foods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The experimental study of bio-engineered free-cell ostrich cornea as xenograft
M. Fatourehchi, H.R. Fattahian, A.M. Kajbafzadeh,

Healthy cornea is a major element in optical pathway. Corneal blindness can occur due tovarious causes and different severities, and almost the best effective treatment is cornealallotransplantation. The limitation of allograft propounds the usage of other alternatives More

Healthy cornea is a major element in optical pathway. Corneal blindness can occur due tovarious causes and different severities, and almost the best effective treatment is cornealallotransplantation. The limitation of allograft propounds the usage of other alternatives such asxenograft besides synthetic biomaterials and keratoprostheses. The aim of the study is toproduce Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) with decellularization method in ostrichs cornea. TheOstrichs heads were obtained from a local slaughter house. All corneas were excised. ThenECM was prepared by the combination of chemomechanical and ionic detergent methods.Cellular components elimination and stromal structure were assessed by three types ofhistological staining and ultra-structural studies. Corneal transparency and thickness evaluatedin macroscopic observation.Histological staining of the decellularized cornea confirmed the complete removal of cornealcells as well as preserving the integrity of basement membrane. The ultra-structural studiesrevealed that decellularization process preserved the native structure of the stromal corneaalthough the collagen bundle space increased slightly. However, after immersing the acellularcornea in 100% glycerol, their optical properties regained to those native corneas.The authors believe that tissue processing method of ostrich cornea which applied in presentstudy can be used as an alternative tissue after completing other examinations such as cellculture, immunological and biomechanical properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of in ovo injection of Gherlin on Sucrase enzyme activity of small intestine mucosa in broiler chicken
J. Ghiasi Ghaleh-kandi,

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo administration of ghrelin onsubsequent small intestine Sucrase activity in broilers. In this experiment 900 fertilized eggswere collected from commercial breeder flock. The eggs were divided into five experim More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo administration of ghrelin onsubsequent small intestine Sucrase activity in broilers. In this experiment 900 fertilized eggswere collected from commercial breeder flock. The eggs were divided into five experimentalgroups; control (without injection), group 2 (in ovo injected with basal solution), group 3 (in ovoinjected with 50 μg/egg ghrelin), group 4 (in ovo injected with 100 μg /egg ghrelin) and group 5(in ovo injected with 150 μg /egg ghrelin). In ovo injection was done at day 7 of incubation.Two broilers from each group have been choose and slaughtered on days 21 and 42 of rearingperiod and 1, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percent of small intestine sampled for evaluate Sucraseenzyme activity. According to the results, in ovo injection of 100 μg /egg ghrelin increasedintestine Sucrase enzyme activity in different parts of small intestine on day 21 post hatch(P<0.05) but had no effect on day 42 (P>0.05). These results suggest that in ovo injection of 100μg ghrelin had beneficial effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effect of folic acid in cholestatic hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation Model in rat
Z. Mohammadian, A. Eidi, P. Mortazavid, SM. Tavangar, A. Asghari,

Cholestasis is a liver disease that, if untreated and not prevented, will cause hepatic fibrosis andcirrhosis, and eventually death. As a result of bile duct ligation (BDL), toxic bile acidsaccumulate in liver. Accumulation of these toxins and subsequent events, such as More

Cholestasis is a liver disease that, if untreated and not prevented, will cause hepatic fibrosis andcirrhosis, and eventually death. As a result of bile duct ligation (BDL), toxic bile acidsaccumulate in liver. Accumulation of these toxins and subsequent events, such as oxidativestress and inflammatory response leads to cell death and hepatic fibrosis. The liver is the mainorgan for folate storage and metabolism and folate deficiency is a common occurrence in manyliver diseases. The present study investigated the protective effect of folic acid in experimentalhepatic fibrosis. 81 male Wistar rats were classified into the nine groups؛ Control, Shamoperatedcontrol, Folic acid, Bile duct-ligated (BDL) control, and BDL+ folic acid groups. Folicacid treated groups were given oral folic acid (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg b.w) for 28 days. The severityof hepatic injury was determined by measures biochemical indicators like’s activities of AST,ALT, ALP, concentrations of bilirubin and albumin in the serum and activities of superoxidedismutase in the hepatic samples. To assess histopathological features of cholestasis (bile ducthyperplasia, fibrosis, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration), Masson’s trichrome stainingwas performed. In BDL rats treated with folic acid, hepatic fibrosis was significantlyameliorated and the serum and hepatic biochemical variation induced by BDL were moderated.This study suggests that folic acid has a protective effect in liver. Folic acid reduced oxidativestress and inflammatory response and thus prevented liver fibrotic changes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Study on the protective effects of Quercetin on Methotrexate-induced small intestinal damage in the rat
D. Mohajeri, A. Monadi R. Kaffashi Elahi, M. Neshat Gharamaleki,

Intestinal damage is one of the major toxic effects of methotrexate (MTX). The aim of this studywas to evaluate the protective effects of quercetin on MTX-induced small intestine damage inrats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. More

Intestinal damage is one of the major toxic effects of methotrexate (MTX). The aim of this studywas to evaluate the protective effects of quercetin on MTX-induced small intestine damage inrats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. The first groupwas the control. The second group, only quercetin (15 mg/kg) was administeredintraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days. The third group, MTX was applied as a single dose(20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at fifteenth day. The fourth group, quercetin was givenintraperitoneally in addition to MTX application until the rats were killed. All animals weresacrificed 4 days after the MTX injection for histopathological examination and the assay forserum total antioxidant activity (TAA), tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) andglutathione reductase (GR) levels. Microscopically, jejunal tissues of the MTX treated groupshowed severe villus shortening and blunting, inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhage inlamina propria, as well as epithelial cell necrosis, however, administration of quercetinalleviated the jejunal damage. Levels of TAA, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx and GR decreased in theMTX received group, but increased significantly (P=0.00) in the quercetin+MTX groups.Quercetin significantly (P=0.00) decreased MDA levels which was increased by MTXtreatment. The results showed that quercetin due to its antioxidant properties may protect thesmall intestine of rats from MTX-induced damage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Antispasmodic effect of Ephedra major extract on adrenergic and calcium channels receptors in the rat jejunum
F. Mehrzad-Gilmalec, N. Panahi, G. Sadeghi- Hashjin,

Tendency to utilize Ephedra containing products is increasing due to their favorable propertiessuch as weight loos, antibacterial, antisensetive etc. Due to the presence of gastro-intestinalsystem agonism α and β adrenergic compound and lack of systematic res More

Tendency to utilize Ephedra containing products is increasing due to their favorable propertiessuch as weight loos, antibacterial, antisensetive etc. Due to the presence of gastro-intestinalsystem agonism α and β adrenergic compound and lack of systematic research on this issue, weconducted to determine effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Ephedra major (E. Major) hoston jejunum. Isolated jejunum from male Wistar rat were tested in the organ bath. Rats wereanesthetized and the jejunum was isolated and placed in Krebs solution. Then, it was cut intosegment of 1.5-2 cm and mounted in 25 ml chambers of organ bath. E. Major extract had arelaxation effect on rat jejunum. According to the results, the cumulative concentration of E.Major (0.00625 - 3 mg/ml) relaxed the KCl (80 Mm) - and acetylcholine (0.1 Mm) - inducedcontraction dose-dependently (P≤0.05). The inhibitory effect of extract on contraction inducedby KCl was unaffected by phenoxybenzamine (0.001 Mm). But verapamil (0.001 Mm) andpropranolol (0.001 Mm) inhibited the relaxant effect (P≤0.05). The inhibitory effect of extracton contraction induced by acetylcholine had synergism effect by verapamil, phenoxybenzamineand propranolol (P≤0.05). These findings revealed that β-adrenergic receptors and presumablyother channels such as Ca2+ channels involves in inhibitory effect of E. Major extract. Theresults support the possible beneficiary effects of this plant in traditional medicine. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Abstract

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