Baharestan Sokhon: 5 (50)

Open Access Article

1 - Studying of Epic Characteristic of Jarira , with an Approach to the Theory of Intera-texualism ( Based on the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Pre-Islamic Texts and the texts of Islamic Era )
Fatemeh Haji Rahimi Kianoosh Biranvand

Abstract         Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship More

Abstract         Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship to each other. The present research which has been done through qualitative method and by descriptive-analytic approach, deals with the fable of Jarira and the narrative related to it in the Shahnameh. The research is based on the theory which in the stage of transferring the mythological characters to the world of epic, the grand goddess of water and land and fairies ( pari ) in the ancient times lose their characteristics by factors such as the transposition of the myths and fading paradisical color and take the form of Jarira in epic. In these surveys which have been done according to historical evidences, it has been tried to prove that it was these narrators and musicians of the courts of Partians and Kushanians who in the era concurrent with the formulation of epic, in re-narrating the qualities and manners of this ancient mythological character have imposed the desired patriarchal society  in regard to humiliating ideas about the women. The traits such as  her lower personality in the Shahnameh, her beauty, extra humanistic actions  and her love affairs, her reproductivity and ultimately her disappearance organize these tenets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Comparative Studying of Thematic Metaphors in the Sphere of " color " in Ali Mohammad Afghani and Kazuo Ishi Guro's Works
Sanaz Taghi pouri Hajebi Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelZadeh

Abstract         The present research has been written to study and compare the thematic metaphors in the sphere of color in Afghai and Ishi Guro's ( Nobel Prize Winner in Literature – 2017) works. Introduction of destination do More

Abstract         The present research has been written to study and compare the thematic metaphors in the sphere of color in Afghai and Ishi Guro's ( Nobel Prize Winner in Literature – 2017) works. Introduction of destination domains, the frequency of noun-scripts and description of similarities and metaphorical differences have been written in the sphere of " color ". The research method is descriptive-analytic and its data are based on semantic approach and analyzed in the frame of theoretical beliefs of George Lakoff and Johnson ( 1980 ). The analysis of 48 samples of thematic metaphor " color " with the destination spheres of idea, luck, disease, fear, anger, beauty, joy, shyness, love, sadness and desire indicate that frequency of noun-script " sordidness of color " is much in both writers. The similarities commonly originate from activities, experiences and the joint ideas of the two writers in application of color. The discrepancies are related to their cultural, different ideology, social texture and geographical circumstances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Abstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz
Hamid Adalat Far Seyyed Mohsen Sajedi Rad Mohammad Ali Atash Sowda

Abstract         The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of lite More

Abstract         The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz " has the beauty of expression; it is more based on wisdom than imagery. In fact the content of this book is in short about the conquer of Mecca and some narratives from Ibn Arabi. The extension of Shabestari's familiarity in the Qur'an and traditions was so high that he uses them in the mold of allusion and simile in expressing the secrets of mysticism to prove his tenets. This article which is written in descriptive-analytic method, tries to demonstrate the impact of eloquence and its affectability in taking advantage of The Holy Qur'an and traditions. The distiches used here have been taken from the book written by Kazem Dezfulian and the numbers are applied according to the number of the page and the lines of the poems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Studying the Symbols of Fabulous and Mythological Creatures in Shokat Bokharaee's Diwan
Mohammad Bahrami Asl Ayyub Kooshan Hamid Reza farzi

Abstract         Symbol, in the domain of Persian literature, especially poetry, has hundreds of years background and has been used the same as ideogram in Farsi. One of the most important manifestations of symbol in Persian poetry ha More

Abstract         Symbol, in the domain of Persian literature, especially poetry, has hundreds of years background and has been used the same as ideogram in Farsi. One of the most important manifestations of symbol in Persian poetry has been embodied in fabulous and mythical creatures which required a symbolic outlook at them. Manifestation of this figure, in the whole poetry of Shokat Bokharaee, for his usage of these symbols to express his enigmatic and mystic ideas, is of higher frequencies. There are 114 distiches in his Diwan which deal with fabulous and mystical creatures. The intentional usage of this kind of writing is being strengthened because it is scarcely seen  in the books of other poets. Therefore we investigated it to clarify its accuracy and inaccuracy. We hope that this article be an introduction for the scholars' intention to look at the matter from another perspective about our great homeland poet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Reflection of Writing Style in the Transparency of Criminal Laws with the Emphasis on the Crimes Against the National Security
Zeinol Abedin Gholsanamloo Rahim Wakil Zadeh Reza Ranjbar

Abstract         Of the numerous laws which are enacted in a legal system, the statutory laws, for having the most contact with citizen's rights and freedom are of specific importance. The beginning points of these laws are their enac More

Abstract         Of the numerous laws which are enacted in a legal system, the statutory laws, for having the most contact with citizen's rights and freedom are of specific importance. The beginning points of these laws are their enactments, and so to say, is the guilt presumption. In this course, paying attention to legislation, because of its precedence to its enacting and having a set of subtleties, has more sensitivity. The most significant point which this research deals with, is the clarity of the law which is posed as one of the important factors of the law's quality and the usage of grammatical and writing rules and avoidance of such elements of heckler like ambiguity, contradiction and law deficiency, to enact the desired laws and reduce the unsuitable interpretation of the laws and avoid the criminal guilts against the nation's security. The results of this research which were done through descriptive-analytic method, indicate that in Iran's criminal law, despite the endeavors done, this point has been neglected which by its continuation it can have severe challenges that in numerous occasions these laws are enumerable and documented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Background of Mysticism in Modern Poetry ( with emphasis on Akhavan Sales and Hooshang Ebtehaj )
Nader Javad Zadeghan

Abstract         Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in m More

Abstract         Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in mysticism followed by the frequency of the entrance of mystical implications, and the type of mystics' outlook at it is different. The subject of this article is to study mysticism in Persian poetry. The importance of this research is that some say the contemporary poetry has diverted from real beloved and indicates the desperation and absurdity; but the fact is other than this. To this purpose, the poetry of well-known poets of the contemporary ones have been evaluated and their mystical themes have been mentioned here. Dealing with the mystical problems, in this case, has had much acceptability in Akhavan Sales' poetry, but it is under the influence of social matters. Amir Hooshang Ebtehaj is also familiar with mystical points in the previous literature and has brought them in his poetry. However, mysticism is not in the canon of his attention. In fact his poetry contains a mild trend of mysticism. Consequently, we can judge that though these poets are not mystics, they are interested in their themes and use them in various manners in their poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Anima Archetype and its Impact on Studying the Psychology of Firooz Shah and Aynol- Hayat Characters of Darab Nameh Bighami
Susan Biglari Deloee Reza Ashraf Zadeh Javad Mehreban Ghezelhesar

Abstract      The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explaine More

Abstract      The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explained by Jung is the Anima ( the female soul of male ) which is both ideal and destructive in manifestations of human being's id. The Darab Nameh of Bighami is an outstanding work which deals with the love affairs and epics of Firooz Shah, Darab's son with Aynol-Hyat, the daughter of Yaman's king. The quality of Aynol-Hayat's manifestation in the narratives of Bighami is that it can be compared with Jung's Anima components and the impacts which it had on Firooz Shah. The outcome of this research which is done by analytic-comparative approach, shows that " attaining the lover to individuality" " eternity of the beloved "  " manifestation of the beloved in the dream "  " negative signs of the beloved " are of the most significant signs of the animatic love in the Darab Nameh.The most fundamental effect of Anima on the characters of Firooz Shah is his attainment to the ministry and kingdom which is also a symbol of individuality and perfection Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Artistic Quality of Rhetorical Structures in the Newly Found Work from Fathollah Aref
Mohammad Reza Amir Khani Dehbalaee Ahmad Reza Yalameha

Abstract         The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahna More

Abstract         The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahnameh in the court of Soleiman Ghanuni. One of the specifications that distinguishes one literary work from the other is the kind of its utility from its rhetoric structure which are illustrated by the writer in different ways. Regarding the epic genre of this poetry, Aref tries to create his poetry in higher or the same rank of the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. In the discussion of rhetorics, he sometimes succeeds and the other times fails. Aref's most significant craft in this work is the sensitive expression in the description of the scenes and the choice of similarity in a different atmosphere in a distich. Aref, by posing ironic expressions and in an unexpected manner , unveils his praised one (criticizes him) . Expression together with authority, and questioning in the excellency of the abstract of the book are of his outstanding and successful crafts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Narrow Research in the Spiritual Rhetoric Arrays in Mirza Mohsen Ta'sir Tabrizi Diwan
Raziyeh Aghazadeh

Abstract         From the aesthetic point of view, the rhetorics is a science by which the beauty of the word is revealed and it is a collection of the crafts which more or less converts the ordinary words to literary ones. One of the More

Abstract         From the aesthetic point of view, the rhetorics is a science by which the beauty of the word is revealed and it is a collection of the crafts which more or less converts the ordinary words to literary ones. One of the basic elements of the poetry, especially in the Indian Style, in addition to narrow types of imagery, is the arrays used in the poetry of this period of time. Mirza Mohsen Ta'sir Tabrizi is of the poets who followed Saeb Tabrizi's school. He has taken great advantage by using eloquent language and innovative arrays which included verbal and spiritual skills in expressing his thoughts and tenets. In this research which has been done in descriptive-analytic method, Ta'sir Tabrizi's Diwas has been investigated from spiritual rhetorics and its significant points have been distinguished. Mystics' agnosticism, the manner of equity, paradox, the order of numbers, the true way of speech, comparison, using parallel words. Among the above-mentioned items: the abstraction, manner of equity, the true way of speech and allusion are of higher frequency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Sociological Criticism of the Short Story Collection of " The Acrid flavor of Persimmon from Zoya Pirzad
Mansoureh Bagheri Mazra'e Abdorreza Modarres Zadeh Fatemeh Haydari

Abstract         The book of " The Acrid Flavor of Persimmon " from Zoya Pirzad was published in 1376 and appealed profound attention. The purpose of this research is the sociological criticism of this work and studying and revealing More

Abstract         The book of " The Acrid Flavor of Persimmon " from Zoya Pirzad was published in 1376 and appealed profound attention. The purpose of this research is the sociological criticism of this work and studying and revealing of the imaginative stories of this collection. The sociological criticism of literature is one of the applied methods in the analysis of literary texts, especially the novel which studies the correspondence of social and aesthetical structure of the story. In criticizing of this work we based our activity on the tenets of Gyorgy Lukacs, the founder of this field and the incipient of structuralistic method of Lucian Goldman. The results attained through the analytical-descriptive method show that the main concern of Pirzad, in the illustration of woman's feature in society and peregrination of developmental root starts with consciousness and ends in transformation of her social stance. She, as a realistic writer, has been able to show the re-entering of modernity to Iran after world war II, The change of values, the gap between the generations, the increase of women's share in social activities and the transformation of Iranian society as a whole; the process which led to the basic alteration in the second half of the 70th. It is also emphasized that this type of criticism has its necessary methods to analyze and interpret the Persian short story. Manuscript profile

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