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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating Omission of Macro-Structures and Rhetorical Patterns in Media Translation: Offering Solutions
Sajjad FarokhipourRhetorical conventions and genre features are among those formal and structural elements in world wide language systems which play a critical role in creating meaning and transfer of communicative message. Unfamiliarity of the translators of texts with specific purpose MoreRhetorical conventions and genre features are among those formal and structural elements in world wide language systems which play a critical role in creating meaning and transfer of communicative message. Unfamiliarity of the translators of texts with specific purpose result in ignoring these conventions and features in target text which brings about a deficient translation. One of those professional settings in which this failure shows itself is journalism and media. Therefore the current research was an attempt to investigate different dimensions of this failure by genre analysis of a sample of media corpus translated by Iranians in Mehr News Agency. To this aim,the researcher adopted the Swalsian model of genre analysis (1990) and that of Halliday (1997). The findings submitted proofs on this deficiency and failure in translation.The results showed that some rhetorical conventions and Macro-structures of source text which carry function of the texts are missed in the in the translated texts in the target language.For the same reason,the researcher has employed theoretical and practical foundations of translation and those of second and foreign language teaching to offer approaches and solutions to this problem. These findings have implications for language teachers and learners, news translators, journalist and those who are involved in curriculum development of English for specific purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - News as Discourse; Representation or Reflection, Persuasive Intentions and News Style
Teja MirfakhraieeThe theoretical framework of this article is taken from Teun A. Van Dijk; News as Discourse, where analysis discourse is not seen as simply a method for news analysis but rather news texts are studied as a specific type of communicative and discursive act, in a wider so MoreThe theoretical framework of this article is taken from Teun A. Van Dijk; News as Discourse, where analysis discourse is not seen as simply a method for news analysis but rather news texts are studied as a specific type of communicative and discursive act, in a wider social and ideological contexts. Van Dijk believes that while news texts use the conventional news style and language, they follow certain persuasive intentions by employing specific rhetorical devices. In social interactions also conventional and appropriate style is used along rhetorical devices to gain specific persuasive intentions. Journalists also have to comply with conventional news style and language to gain legitimacy and persuade their readers about their professional integrity and "news objectivity". But at the same time according to major dominant social and political perceptions journalists use certain rhetorical devices to gain specific persuasive intentions. Therefore some kind of balanced presentation and the usual news language is employed while persuasive intentions are also fulfilled by using implicit textual devices. This article argues that if social agreement in a given society or social situation is very high, the perception of journalist coincides that of all social actors involved in such interactions or news events. But if the situation, as it is the case, most of the time, involve certain conflicting interests and perceptions, journalist are forced to in code specific persuasive intentions that are of ideological origin, while maintaining their journalistic codes of language use and news reporting style. Article by studying a situation of political conflict (just before before it was raised to such antagonistic level of war situations), shows that while France Press used conventional news style, not demonizing Sadam at that time or portraying any kind of image of enemy, delegitimized him and discursively "overthought" him by repeatedly and intentionally avoiding to mention his official credential as the "president of Iraq". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Research on Radviani's Views and the Relationship Between Tarjoman Al-Balaghah and Mahaasen Al Kalaam
Reza Qasemi Amir Hossein Hemmati Asghar Reza PourianLiterary nations are inevitably influenced by intellectual and cultural connections. One of the manifestations of influence in the field of Islamic culture is visible and remarkable in the field of rhetoric undoubtedly. Intertextual theory discusses the relationships an MoreLiterary nations are inevitably influenced by intellectual and cultural connections. One of the manifestations of influence in the field of Islamic culture is visible and remarkable in the field of rhetoric undoubtedly. Intertextual theory discusses the relationships and influence of texts; According to this theory, no text is self-reliant and is somehow related to its predecessors. The book "Tarjaman al-Balaghah" is one of the prominent works of Persian rhetoric, which has been proposed as the first rhetorical work and has remained till now according to the available evidence. This valuable work has a special place in Persian rhetoric and most rhetorical books have also been influenced by the mentioned book. Although the author is an expert and innovative in writing "Tarjman al-Balaghah", but it is a translation of the book "Mahasen al-Kalam" in terms of naming and most of the definitions. Radviani's research method in his book is more accurate than its original source and provides a list of arrays (devices) at the beginning of the book. The number of its devices is more than the number of them in "Mahasen al-Kalam". In translating the book, Radviani has tried to inspire the Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A comparative study of the rhetorical techniques of Arab Shia poets in the first Abbasid era with the first Persian-speaking Shia poets.
Muhaddatha Sadat Mir Hosseini Seyyed Babak Farzaneh Mahmoud ShakibShiite poetry is committed and has a mission, which has had various topics and structures in all periods. The first Abbasid era, which is the era of development and growth of Arab literature, was a fruitful era of Shia poetry and Shia poets. The Shiite poets of the firs MoreShiite poetry is committed and has a mission, which has had various topics and structures in all periods. The first Abbasid era, which is the era of development and growth of Arab literature, was a fruitful era of Shia poetry and Shia poets. The Shiite poets of the first Abbasid era tried to place their poetry in the service of spreading religious concepts and explaining the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and defending them, and in order to achieve this goal, they tried to express their poetic gems by using artistic techniques and techniques. To expose literature in particular and in general. This research, which was carried out with a descriptive-comparative method and based on library studies, aims to compare the most important rhetorical techniques in the poetry of Seyyed Hemyari and Dick Al-Jen as representatives of the Shia poets of the first period of the Abbasid era and compare it with the techniques As the first Persian-speaking Shia poets, Kasei Marvzi revealed how the themes and titles attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (pbuh) appeared in their poetry. The results obtained from the research indicate that these poets have used imagery and techniques such as simile, metaphor, and irony to convey the themes and concepts attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). Also, Sovare Khiyal is more prominent in the poems of Arab poets and their innovations are more than the Shiite poems of Kasei Marvzi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Rhetoric Aesthetic Criticism by a Comparative Approach on Arabic & Persian Eloquence
Habibollah Jadidol Eslami Hamideh Jamal ZahiThe common aspects which have existed between Iranians and Persians in different fields such as poetry, literature and music – and more important the religious language and the connection made by Islam between them – caused a wide relation, interaction and m MoreThe common aspects which have existed between Iranians and Persians in different fields such as poetry, literature and music – and more important the religious language and the connection made by Islam between them – caused a wide relation, interaction and mutual effects. One of the manifestations of the mutual effect in Islamic culture is undoubtedly in the field of eloquence or better to say Persian and Arabic aesthetics. Thus this paper intends to express some of these literary effects and affects from aesthetic criticism point of view and then study them comparatively. Accordingly, some vague and challenging common expressions such as allegory, simile and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Methodological Study of "Natayej Al Fitna" by Ibn Habbariyah
Hamila Charang Yaber DalfiMethodology is a useful tool to know and recognize a work's literary identity. Level methodology which is one of the modern methodology's types, studies and analyzez text's criteria from word choice and phrase structure and morphological view point. This research intend MoreMethodology is a useful tool to know and recognize a work's literary identity. Level methodology which is one of the modern methodology's types, studies and analyzez text's criteria from word choice and phrase structure and morphological view point. This research intends to study Natayej Al Fitna" poetries from methodological point of view and survey the vocal, syntactic, rhetorical level and find the relationship with the poet's theme such as emotions, ideas, dreams and goals. The method of the research is analytical – descriptive and studies lingual and rhetorical levels based on the question: how a successful theme can cause continuance and order in various parts of an educational poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries
Ibrahim FallahLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent MoreLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent of Islam. However, by manifestation of Islam, the mentioned influence spread in Iranian thought and culture, but the fifth century which is one of the brilliant centuries of the Islamic period, the influence of Qur'an and Arabic on Persian poetry is more visible than previous periods. Since Arabic literature enriches Persian language and literature, its influence has been in various fields including words, phrases, imagination, thought, and style. As Arabic is the language of Qur'an and sacred texts, Iranians and Persian literature paid special attention to it and were greatly influenced by it. The present research entitled "The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries" seeks to study and analyze the impact of Arabic language on fifth-century poetry as well as to examine the influential genres. The results show that the types of influence of Arabic language on fifth century's poems include applying Arabic words and phrases, contents of Arabic concepts translated into Arabic verses, rhetorical figures of speech such as quotation and simile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Process of Problems on Rhetorical, Phonetic and Practical Phenomena in the Translation of the Holy Quran
sohrab jenoor M.H. Masomi Nadeali Ashoori TalokiThe rhetorical and phonetic phenomena of the fundamental structures in the literary context are considered to be one of the most important linguistic, unique and distinctive artistic mechanisms in the Holy Quran. The translator of the Holy Qur'an, though skilled in the MoreThe rhetorical and phonetic phenomena of the fundamental structures in the literary context are considered to be one of the most important linguistic, unique and distinctive artistic mechanisms in the Holy Quran. The translator of the Holy Qur'an, though skilled in the work, sometimes relies on the transmission of rhetorical and phonetic imagery in many cases. This is actually to arrange the meaning and meaning of the sentence, as the link between the image and the concept is incomplete due to the loop. In this study, the authors have attempted to convey this problem to the play by citing examples of these rhetorical and phonetic phenomena embodied in many Qur'anic verses, a problem that does not overshadow the nature of translation. So we present some of the solutions we've come up with, as well as familiarizing ourselves with some of the possible alternatives to it, using the experts' experience in translation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Surah Motafin's stylistics based on three phonetic, hybrid and rhetorical levels
seyedmajid nabavi somayeh Azaddel mahsa ghorbaniIt is a scientific stylistics that, by examining the descriptions and analysis, reaches the literary aspects of a text and convey the meanings and concepts of a literary text to the reader clearly. The Holy Qur'an, a divine miracle, has attracted the attention of stylis MoreIt is a scientific stylistics that, by examining the descriptions and analysis, reaches the literary aspects of a text and convey the meanings and concepts of a literary text to the reader clearly. The Holy Qur'an, a divine miracle, has attracted the attention of stylists as a literary text, especially in recent years. This article seeks to examine Surah Motafin in three phonetic, hybrid and rhetorical levels by using a descriptive-analytical method and using stylist knowledge to exist in the literary and semantic aspects of Surah. In Surat al -Mutafin at the phonetic level, by applying a rhetoric, the surah and the audience attracts the audience. At the combination level, using sentences such as presenting and delays, the line of beliefs and beliefs draws the polytheists. At the rhetorical level, it also points to the use of God's ownership and that everything is in the permission of God.At the combination level, using sentences such as presenting and delays, the line of beliefs and beliefs draws the polytheists. At the rhetorical level, it also points to the use of God's ownership and that everything is in the permission of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Semantic dimensions of the Syntactic-rhetorical roles of the word hereafter in the Holy Quran
Zahra JaliliThe Hereafter has been repeated one hundred and thirteen times in the Holy Quran.And communicates a Divine message in different syntactic roles like a subject, predicate, adjective, object, etc.And paying attention to these different combinations has a significant effec MoreThe Hereafter has been repeated one hundred and thirteen times in the Holy Quran.And communicates a Divine message in different syntactic roles like a subject, predicate, adjective, object, etc.And paying attention to these different combinations has a significant effect on the meanings derived from the verses.The main question of this article is what attention to morphological is and syntactic issues change the meaning of the Hereafter.Our method to answer this question is a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources. First, some verses in which the word of the Hereafter is mentioned are extracted, and then, according to the relevant interpretations and books, its semantic changes are examined.The purpose of this study was to become more familiar with the word hereafter in the divine word.Among the most important results of the research, we can mention some points. Instability has been explained by the present verb and stability has been described by the nominal sentences.The verses that the wise man intends to rule on the Hereafter and emphasize on it, the Hereafter comes from the beginning because the beginning is condemned against and in the verses where the allocation of the Hereafter is desired, it is given as the beginning of the latter to indicate the allocation.The Hereafter is in its additional role, to show the meanings of property and capacity, and honor and these meanings are not expressed with a descriptive role.The Hereafter in the passive role binds the news and therefore increases the usefulness of the word.The appearance of ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Critique of the Translation of Al-Waqi'ah Surah (Case study: translation of Abolfazl Bahrampour)
Zahra Samadi Masoud BavanpouriHoly Quran has been translated into various languages and the level of ability of its translators in understanding the Quran, precepting it in the target language or both, as well as familiarity with the knowledge of linguistics and translation has varied. Abolfazl Ba MoreHoly Quran has been translated into various languages and the level of ability of its translators in understanding the Quran, precepting it in the target language or both, as well as familiarity with the knowledge of linguistics and translation has varied. Abolfazl Bahrampour is one of these translators who has had a great ability in understanding and translating the text of the Holy Quran in his translation. Of course, he also had weaknesses that the present article, after stating the general features of Al-Waqi'ah Surah, studies the translation of Abolfazl Bahrampour in various rhetorical purposes; First, he deals with the rhetorical features such as simile, metaphor, irony, emphasis, attention, etc. in the verses of Al-Waqi'ah Surah, and then he compares those rhetorical intentions with Bahrampour's translation. Some omissions of translations are due to the precise and complex structure of the Qur'anic language, which has made translators prefer one translation over another, but some slips are also due to weakness in the structure of the word or its morphological, syntactic and rhetorical style; Some (translators) also undertook interpretive translation and elaborated without separating the original word from the interpretive margins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A study on Rhetorical Educational Fineness of Maedeh's 32 Verse in Preventing Murder
Amir Hamzeh Salarzayi Zahra Beig ZadehPhysically safety of human being has always been paid attention by mankind, thus hard torture and unchangeable punishment for murderers and the violators to human bodies. Islam – which is last and the most complete religion – has been sent for human being in MorePhysically safety of human being has always been paid attention by mankind, thus hard torture and unchangeable punishment for murderers and the violators to human bodies. Islam – which is last and the most complete religion – has been sent for human being in order to guide and create him a safe, calm and justly and frequently emphasized it. For instance 32 verse of Maedeh Surah obviously points the murder and its punishment: Nemesis. The present article studies the rhetorical fineness of 32 verse of Maedeh surah which is about preventing murder. There is no footprint of any religions for the murderer or the murdered. The punishment is the same for all religions; Muslim or non – Muslim. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A study on Semantic development in Holy Quran
Farhad Abdollah Zadeh Foad Abdollah ZadehTerms and meanings have inseparable relation with each other in Holy Quran; this tight relationship creates high capacity in semantic development. Holy Quran has chosen easy and abstainer patterns which include complete meanings while having attractive and deep appearan MoreTerms and meanings have inseparable relation with each other in Holy Quran; this tight relationship creates high capacity in semantic development. Holy Quran has chosen easy and abstainer patterns which include complete meanings while having attractive and deep appearance in a way that a single term or a phrase containing clear appearance can be interpreted differently and various. The goal of the present paper is to express various meanings of lexical and semantic factors which cause creation or development of meanings in terms and phrases in descriptive – analytical method and by applying Holy Quran's Verses. One of the outcomes of the research is that Holy Quran applies various morphological and rhetorical rules and methods which conduces semantic development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Contrasting Ease and Difficulty in Holy Quran
Mohammad Ali Kazemi Tabar Hossein Bazoodar Ghavithe aim of the present study is to study the semantics of the contrast between the words Ease and Difficulty in the Holy Quran; Because in addition to vocabulary sources, one of the best ways to know the meaning of words is to apply them semantically opposed to each oth Morethe aim of the present study is to study the semantics of the contrast between the words Ease and Difficulty in the Holy Quran; Because in addition to vocabulary sources, one of the best ways to know the meaning of words is to apply them semantically opposed to each other. Another way is to use the context of the verses before and after. Sometimes, from the context or meaning of the opposite word, meanings of a word are understood that are not found in any dictionary. At the same time, there is a semantic similarity between the understood meaning and the root principle of the word. The more we understand the meanings of the verses, the more we will enjoy the meanings of the verses of the Qur'an and the better we will benefit from the verses of God in our material and spiritual life. One of the most important results of this research is to realize the semantic beauties of Quranic verses along with more accurate knowledge of the meaning of these two words, familiarity with the two methods and their use, and that whenever God first mentions Yasir and then expresses difficulty, it is a kind of warning. Has given and whenever difficulty has preceded ease, it has promised and hoped that the difficulty will be removed and the opening will be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Literary Criticism: Preference and Comparison
Meysam TaromDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method MoreDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method which has been called preference in some era and comparison in some other era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - An Analysis on Style of “Lamiyah Al Safar” Ode by Mirza Fazlali Praising Imam Ali
Zahra Ildari Houshang ZandiLamiyah Al Safar ode is one of the versified works which was versed into Arabic by Turkish poets. Mirza Fazlali Molavi has versed it to praise Imam Ali and citing his dignities by literary language and unwrapped his real love to Imam Ali. The present research intends to MoreLamiyah Al Safar ode is one of the versified works which was versed into Arabic by Turkish poets. Mirza Fazlali Molavi has versed it to praise Imam Ali and citing his dignities by literary language and unwrapped his real love to Imam Ali. The present research intends to analyze and criticize by structural and technical approach and the method is descriptive – analytical in order to survey the mentioned ode in three stages of rhythmical structure, expressive forms and figures of speech and clarify some aesthetic aspects of the ode. By studying rhythmical structure of Lamiyah Al Safar ode it expressed that poet has enjoyed frequent rhythm in consonant and vowel frequency stage in order to create balance between verbal and semantic applications in addition to emphasis on external rhythm aspect; thus generates music intentionally and increases specific rhythm to the ode’s verses. Lamiyah Al Safar ode is full of techniques from expressive and rhetorical aspects as well which shows poet’s sensitive and kind spirit; since he has applied the mentioned figures of speech based on the verses in order to make them more pleasant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The RhetoricalQuestion in the poetry of Parvin Etesami
Abdollah Vasegh Abbasi Hosein EttehadiIn semantic science, sentences have a secondary meaning in addition to their apparent meaning, which is Latent and the main purpose of the speaker. A bunch of these sentences that are not be able to clarify as true and false. The main purpose of rhetoricalQuestion is to MoreIn semantic science, sentences have a secondary meaning in addition to their apparent meaning, which is Latent and the main purpose of the speaker. A bunch of these sentences that are not be able to clarify as true and false. The main purpose of rhetoricalQuestion is to find out about the unknown, but the scholars have cited numerous secondary implications for it. In this study, the secondary concepts of questioning sentences in Parvin Etesami's Divan have been studied based on the descriptive-analytical method. It should be said that in the Parvin's Divan, 964 questions were used, of which 943 were rhetorical. For this number of rhetoricalQuestion, 41 different secondary concepts can be considered. Topics such as reproach, denial, forbiddance and complaint are most commonly used. All of these are well suited for expressing ethical issues. One of Parvin's stylistic features in the rhetorical uses is to combine the rhetorical sentences with the equilibrium array. In these cases, the poet repeats a moral theme in two consecutive terms. This style, in addition to enhancing the musical values of the word, has a greater impact on the poet's intended themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - An Introduction to the Most Important Stylistic Features of Fayz Kashani's Sonnets
firoozeh yazdanpanah Mohammad yosof nayyeriOne of the most remarkable fields of Persian literature is mystical literature which has a very strong background and comprises a large part of our literature. An analytical study of the works in the fields of Sufism and Mysticism is required in order to understand thei MoreOne of the most remarkable fields of Persian literature is mystical literature which has a very strong background and comprises a large part of our literature. An analytical study of the works in the fields of Sufism and Mysticism is required in order to understand their status in different eras and places as well as the stages of their evolution. Molla Mohsen Fayz Kashani is a very prominent and influential poet of the Safavid era, to whom, more than 200 works of poetry are attributed. This great scholar and mystic has a book of poetry containing around twelve thousand verses. The aim of this paper is to study Kashani's sonnets from a stylistic point of view. For this purpose, the final five hundred sonnets of Kashani’s book of sonnets will be examined separately from textual, semantic and literary aspects. It is worth pointing out that there are some rhetorical and structural features in this poet's sonnets which can be described as Kashani’s stylistic features, and will be discussed in detail in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Congeries, the Ornament of All Figures of Speech
Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini, Gholamreza Fathi,Congeries is the most effective figure of speech that is created by the poet through choosing approp riate words. Also called “taxis,” congeries makes other figures of speech take an active role in the literary work. However, literary-term MoreCongeries is the most effective figure of speech that is created by the poet through choosing approp riate words. Also called “taxis,” congeries makes other figures of speech take an active role in the literary work. However, literary-terminology books do not give a comprehensive definition of the term “congeries”; thus, they need to be reviewd. This paper is an attempt to offer a correct definition of “congeries” through various examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparative Generic Analysis of Introductions of English and Persian Dentistry Research Articles
Maryam Farnia Shahrzad Rahimi -
Open Access Article
21 - A Contrastive Rhetorical Analysis of the News Reports in Iranian and American Newspapers
Amir Sabzevari Vahid Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Differentiated Instruction on Linguistic and Rhetorical Features of Narrative Writing Performance across Different Levels of Proficiency
Hadis Toofani Asl -
Open Access Article
23 - Rhetorical Moves Used in MA Students’ Theses in TEFL and Nursery
Maryam Jamalzade Jahromi Ehsan Hadipourfard Leila Akbarpour -
Open Access Article
24 - The Relationship Between Teachers' Instruction Procedures and Job Burnout
Azizeh Chalak Parviz Birjandi S. Esmail Hosseini Ahmad Reza Jafari Dehkordi Omid Tabatabaei Sondos Mansouri Amir Farzad Ashouri Mansour Koosha Sahar Najarzadegan Ahmad Reza Lotfi MohammadAli Nadi Mohsen Salimian Fakhri Shatalebi Nader Soleimani Mansoor Tavakoli Omid Tabatabaei Hossein Bagheri Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Zahra Fotovatnia GholamReza Akbari Behrouz Nouri Samani Safura Masaeli GholamReza Zareie Naser Abasszadeh Narges SaeedianThe purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teacher instruction procedure and job burnout. The participants in this study were 140 teachers (males=87,females=53) at secondary schools in Garmsar. Two instruments were used to collect data. The teacher MoreThe purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teacher instruction procedure and job burnout. The participants in this study were 140 teachers (males=87,females=53) at secondary schools in Garmsar. Two instruments were used to collect data. The teachers' instruction procedure was measured by the use of a researcher made questionnaire (with three dimensions of instruction as direct, semi‐direct and indirect). The job burnout (namely: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased professional efficacy) was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data were analyzed using the Pearson product‐moment correlation technique, Chi‐Square test and regression. The major findings were as follows: 1) A signiicant relationship between total teachers' nstruction procedure and total burnout. 2) A positive relationship between teachers' direct instruction procedure and job burnout. 3) A Negative relationship between teachers' indirect instruction procedure and job burnout. 4) No significant relationship between teachers' semi‐direct instruction procedure and job burnout. 5) A positive relationship was found between teachers' direct instruction procedure with each three dimensions of job burnout (Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment). 6) A signiicantly negative relationship was found separate between teachers' direct instruction with each dimension of job burnout. 7) There was no relationship between teachers' semi‐direct instruction procedure with each three dimensions of job burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Validity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social Approach
Hamid Ghasemi Nazanin Rasekh Vali NarimanifarValidity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social ApproachObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an advertising literacy questionnaire from the viewpoint of high sc MoreValidity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social ApproachObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an advertising literacy questionnaire from the viewpoint of high school physical education teachers as the audience in the city of Drood.Methodology:The research method is applied in terms of purpose and employs a quantitative strategy and uses a descriptive procedure based on the structural equation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the K-12 and high school first and second grade teachers of Drood, Lorestan Province (N = 200). In addition, it should be noted that the total population method of sampling was conducted. The measurement instrument is Malmelin’s (2010) Advertising Literacy Questionnaire, which was appraised for validity in the Iranian society. Descriptive indices and statistical tests were used to analyze the data, while the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to determine reliability and convergent/divergent validity, and lastly the confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine construct validity.Results:The results of this study showed a desirable fitting of the dimensions of the advertising literacy model from the viewpoints of the audience, such that in terms of construct validity and significance levels, all items had a significant relationship with the factors and were able to serve as good predictive factors. Furthermore, it was found that based on the Cronbach's alpha values and combined reliability, the questionnaire components had acceptable reliabilityConclusion: As a result of this confirmation in the present study, we can conclude that this questionnaire can be used to examine the state, order and priority of its items according to the customers. Finally, teachers as social contacts would be able to develop Sport advertising plans and evaluate their effectiveness based on obtained results. Keywords: Physical Education teachers, information literacy, visual literacy in the arts, rhetorical literacy, advertising literacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Functions and rhetorical developments of the "color" element in the transition from Persian poetry styles
sorayya azarbera thorollah noroozi mohammadreza shad manamen reza mostafaviAnalysis and detection of stylistic elements can only be achieved by detailing the frequency of exit from the soft language. This detail requires an examination of the literary, linguistic, and intellectual details of a literary text. The element of color is one of the MoreAnalysis and detection of stylistic elements can only be achieved by detailing the frequency of exit from the soft language. This detail requires an examination of the literary, linguistic, and intellectual details of a literary text. The element of color is one of the cases in which the quality of its rhetorical and semantic use varies in different literary styles and periods. By examining the functions and rhetorical developments of this pictorial element, a stylistic metamorphosis can be shown. Since stylistic developments are not very accurate and possible except by considering a wide range, so by considering five styles of Persian poetry and three prominent poets from each style, the subject has been addressed. The results show that in Khorasani style, descriptive compounds resulting from colors are in sensory matters and often with elements of nature. The predominant tricks in this style are the use of metaphor. in the Seljuk style, the frequency of abstract compounds is higher and the functions of irony, allegory and symbolism are higher in the field of mysticism and social issues (with the emergence of Sanai). In the Azerbaijani style, the rhetorical and expressive industries reach their peak, and the color "bleu" becomes a means of creating ambiguity, metaphor and irony with high frequency. In this style, “haft peykar” has a special place because it also uses the symbolism of myth (in colors). in the Iraqi style, too, most sensory combinations are used to explain mental concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Rhetorical question and its secondary purposes in Kassab Kashani's poems
Elham gholamkelisan Mehrdad Chatraei Morteza RashidiOne of the tools influencing the audience is using the power of words to convey secondary meanings, and this issue is well seen in the secondary meanings of interrogatives. Due to the necessity and necessity of the topic, the poet raises news, orders and prohibitions in MoreOne of the tools influencing the audience is using the power of words to convey secondary meanings, and this issue is well seen in the secondary meanings of interrogatives. Due to the necessity and necessity of the topic, the poet raises news, orders and prohibitions in the form of questions, because the effect of the sentences of news or orders and prohibitions in the form of interrogatives is much greater on the listener than in the form of news or orders and prohibitions. Is; The poet expresses his meaning in the form and construction of questions in order to make the reader or listener to think faster and better, or to prevent him or to arouse his emotions. Literary questions in sentences often have no answer and are used to achieve various rhetorical functions. In this research, the author is trying to investigate the rhetorical question in Kassab Kashani's poems with descriptive-analytical method and library tools and to answer the question that what are the most implied meanings of questioning used in Kassab Kashani's poetry? The results of the research indicate that most of the questions in Kassab Kashani's poetry include the implicit meaning of helplessness and expressing despair, and Kassab has used all the linguistic tricks and abilities in the structure of semantics in his poem and embellished his speech in a way. Is. The optimal use of the science of meanings has made his words lasting and influential and heartwarming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Role of Rhetoric in Translation (With emphasis on Persian and Arabic)
Mohamad Hasaan TaghiehA successful interpreter not only of a valve and the source language to the target language translation of the text Sahtar. The implementation and application of the rules of grammar and lexical transfers alone can not be the criterion and basis. Because of other factor MoreA successful interpreter not only of a valve and the source language to the target language translation of the text Sahtar. The implementation and application of the rules of grammar and lexical transfers alone can not be the criterion and basis. Because of other factors plays out within the text should not be ignored in translation. So well we can not translate well and methodically built on a foundation But the structure of the various factors that combine to form the framework and structure of the translation. Translator in the Ylaghy a few literary figures of concepts and imagery figure faces. The transition point in the translation process and framework of rhetoric more difficult than other structures. Translator though high ability in the creation of translation, the target language is quite unique, but the audience would not be able to provide the literary world for his original audience. Of course, this means abandoning the art of literary translation is not pulling out and had taken action. But should the interpreter try to reduce the gap between the two languages and the important audience it can be done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Rereading Bakhtin's dialogue logic in Sadegh Hedayat's works
mahbobeh Khorasani mojdeh khajehkarimaldini mortaza rashidi ashjerdiMikhail Bakhtin's theory of dialogue logic is one of the prominent theories in the field of literature that can be analyzed and analyzed in any literary work, especially novels and stories. In Sadiq Hedayat's works, it can be claimed that his works can be adap MoreMikhail Bakhtin's theory of dialogue logic is one of the prominent theories in the field of literature that can be analyzed and analyzed in any literary work, especially novels and stories. In Sadiq Hedayat's works, it can be claimed that his works can be adapted to this theory in order to answer the question of what propositions and methods Hedayat used to spread his words and project his philosophical and social views. works before him with the intertextual method, had a remarkable skill in processing his works, so that in criticizing and analyzing his works, getting to know his mental space requires more precision and effort in different sciences.With the approach and method of content analysis and library study, the dialectic between me and myself, as well as the confrontation between myself and the society, and how to use rhetorical statements and the confrontation between me and the other have been examined. The works of Hedayat can sometimes be seen as arising from the action resulting from the confrontation between oneself and the community, and sometimes from the dialectic between oneself and oneself. The result of this research, by analyzing the components of me and the other, intertextuality, narrative style and interrogative, exclamatory and imperative statements, shows that the guidance between self and society and the dialectic between self and self is in Ceylon and he uses any method to express his opinions. He has benefited from his life and society and his philosophical thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Conceit Renewal in Shafiee Kadkani's Poetry
Mohammad Raihanie Mohammad Ali Sharifian Fatemeh HassanabadiConceit is one of most deceptive Literary- rhetorical moral techniques that despite having high artistic value, it hasn’t been paid attention to a lot yet. According to the studies, there is no material about& MoreConceit is one of most deceptive Literary- rhetorical moral techniques that despite having high artistic value, it hasn’t been paid attention to a lot yet. According to the studies, there is no material about the conceit renewal in Shafiee Kadkani's Poems. The purpose of this study is to show how conceit has turned to be a new Writer by Dr.Vahidian Kamyar definition, has classified the conceit in Shafii Kadkani poems in two collections as "a mirror for the voices" and "second millennium of mountain deer " in associated with recitative techniques, simile, personification ,symbol and the rhetorical techniques: Oxymoron, Allusion, paradox and has analyzed the renewal of it and is concluding that conceit in association with Literary- rhetorical techniques as made from his creative mind or as archaic that recreated it, has took the new form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Study on Archer Arash Epic Poem by Siavash Kasraei
Ayub MoradiArash storyas Epic and majestic nostalgiaisa clear exampleof Iranianancient culture that showschangethedestinyof anationbydedication ofaperson.Archer Arash poetry,Poemsof SiavashKasrayi MoreArash storyas Epic and majestic nostalgiaisa clear exampleof Iranianancient culture that showschangethedestinyof anationbydedication ofaperson.Archer Arash poetry,Poemsof SiavashKasrayi is are-creation of this national epic. Thispoemshould beconsideredthe firstmodernepic poemthatiswritten inthenew style. Kasrayi wears eyefromthe historicaltruthof thisstoryandmakesits epic more than historicalfacts. He also has tried to portray symbolically social and political spaceof the country inthe thirties by usinglinguistictechniques. Archer Arashlyricissongful ofthehopethatwaswritten in spacefull ofdespairafterthe coup of30th of August. Kasrayiwho is inspired by Savior emersion, knows Arashappearance, hopeof everyone inthe world. Inthis article with deliberationin Archer Arash poem, we tried to answerthefollowingtwo questions:1-Whichcapacitiesareusedforre-inventionthe myth ofArcher Arash and Strengthenaspects ofits epic?2- How much poethas beensuccessful Inorderto portrayaspects ofathletics? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Reflection on the Topicality of the "Theoretical"/"Applied" Controversy Amongst Iranian Political Scientists Regarding the Field of "Political Thought"
Shervin Moghimi ZanjaniUndoubtedly, one of the most important controversies among political scientists in Iran is the debate over its application. In this regard, political thought or to be more precise the "history" of political thought, from the point of view of the supporters of making app MoreUndoubtedly, one of the most important controversies among political scientists in Iran is the debate over its application. In this regard, political thought or to be more precise the "history" of political thought, from the point of view of the supporters of making applicable political science, is the first-rate defendant because according to them, it is the basically theoretical nature of this field which with dominating the field of education and research political science has closed the way to the applicability of these discipline. On the other hand, the historians of political thought in political science departments defend their field of study with a guilty conscience due to the lack of connection between this field and the effective reality in the political and social arena in Iran. Our effort in this article is to show that the origin of this conflict is not so much epistemic as it is rooted in the political and social structures of contemporary Iran. For this purpose, firstly in a general sense, we will show that political science in its new meaning, that is, as one of the immediate results of modern political philosophy, basically became possible in the negation of the worth of theoretical activity alone. In other words, the modern political science was not only the product of an effort to formulate an effective and practical political knowledge, but above that, it was the product of an effort to make applicable philosophy itself. Then, according to this discussion, we should raise the question whether what is taught in Iranian universities under the title of political science is modern political science or not. Finally, we try to argue that the new political science itself is the product of a fundamental change and evolution in the socio-political structures and its application in practice depends on the expansion of such structures and not vice versa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - تاثیرخلاصه نویسی بر روس دانش بلاغی دانشجویان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه: تلفیق گونه نوشتاری ورویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند
Maryam Karimpour پروانه کارکیاهدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر خلاصه نویسی بر دانش بلاغی دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی میباشد. سی دانشجوی خانم در رشته ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه الزهرا در این بررسی شرکت نموده اند. آموزشهای نوشتاری شامل دو مرحله بوده است که هر یک به مدت چهار هفته به طول انجامید. دانشجویان بر Moreهدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر خلاصه نویسی بر دانش بلاغی دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی میباشد. سی دانشجوی خانم در رشته ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه الزهرا در این بررسی شرکت نموده اند. آموزشهای نوشتاری شامل دو مرحله بوده است که هر یک به مدت چهار هفته به طول انجامید. دانشجویان بر اساس مدل "اس" به دو گروه آزمون و شاهد تقسیم گردیده وآموزشهایی مبنی بر گونه نوشتاری و رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت کردند. گروه آزمون در طول مرحله اول خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری و در طول مرحله دوم آموزش رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت کردند لکن گروه شاهد فقط در طول مرحله دوم آموزش مبنی بر فرآیند دریافت نمودند. سوالات تحقیق پس آزمون دو مورد بود که آیا خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری دانش بلاغی دانشجویان را بهبود میبخشد و اینکه چگونه دانش بلاغی دانشجویان وقتی آموزشهای ساختاری به عنوان ابزار جانبی رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند استفاده میشوند افزایش می یابد. به منظور جمع آوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز جهت پاسخگویی به دو سوال تحقیقی ذکر شده ابزارهایی نظیر فرم ارزیابی برگرفته از طرح هیتون 1988و روش تجزیه تحلیل کمی متن برگرفته از مدل "اسکات"1996 بکار گرفته شده اند. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از روش آماری " تی تست" نشان داد که خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری ، دانش بلاغی دانشجویان را در محتوا ،سازمان دهی، استفاده درست از زبان و پیچیدگی ساختاری افزایش میدهد.همچنین یافته های این بررسی بیانگر این مطلب بوده است که رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند و گونه نوشتاری می توانند به عنوان روشهای مکمل هم مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و خلاصه نویسی با آموزشهای ساختاری می توانند به عنوان ابزار جانبی رویکرد مبنی بر فرآیند استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - بررسی تطبیقی عنوانهای خبری مربوط به بیماری کووید 19 نوشته شده توسط بومی ها و غیربومی ها براساس ابزار معانی بیان
فاطمه میرزاپورعناوین خبری مانند متون دیگر از ابزار بیان معانی استفاده می کنند. عناوین خبری به عنوان اولین بخش خبری اخبار قلمداد می شوند. هدف این تحقیق تجزیه و تحلیل عناوین خبری نوشته شده توسط افراد بومی و غیربومی مربوط به بیماری کووید 19 می باشد که از دو وب سایت خبری آنلاین در ایران Moreعناوین خبری مانند متون دیگر از ابزار بیان معانی استفاده می کنند. عناوین خبری به عنوان اولین بخش خبری اخبار قلمداد می شوند. هدف این تحقیق تجزیه و تحلیل عناوین خبری نوشته شده توسط افراد بومی و غیربومی مربوط به بیماری کووید 19 می باشد که از دو وب سایت خبری آنلاین در ایران و انگلستان انتخاب شده اند تا آن عناوین را براساس تعدادو میزان استفاده از ابزار معانی بیان بررسی شوند.برای این هدف عناوین خبری 6 هفته ای مربوط به این بیماری که شامل 489 عنوان می باشد انتخاب شدند (282 از BBC و 207 عنوان خبری از Tehran Times). طبقه بندیهای Shams 2013 و Shams 2013برای تجزیه و تحلیل انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که از 10 ابزار معانی بیان در این عناوین خبری استفاده شده اند. Alliteration بیشترین توالی را داشت که بعد از آن به ترتیب از metonymy, rhyme, rhetorical question, depersonalization, hyperbole, metaphor, pun, cliché, and euphemism استفاده شده بود.هم alliteration و هم metonymy بیشترین استفاده را در عناوین خبری داشتند.با این وجود simile و allusion فقط در عناوین خبری Tehran Timesاستفاده شده بود اما به میران کم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Analysis of Rethorical Difference in Allusion and Expression in Mystical Prose of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari
Samaneh Jafari Mohammad AlizadehKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is the creator of outstanding works that have formed a new style of prose, but the works of Khajeh are not all in the same style and The difference between "zaban_e Ebarat" (allusion language) and "zaban_e Esharat" (expression language) can MoreKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is the creator of outstanding works that have formed a new style of prose, but the works of Khajeh are not all in the same style and The difference between "zaban_e Ebarat" (allusion language) and "zaban_e Esharat" (expression language) can be seen in the two categories of his works. Some of Khajeh's works, such as "Sad Maidan" were written with the aim of teaching mystical principles, and others such as "Elahi Namah" are of the type of lyric literature. This article has tried to make a comparative comparison of the Rhetorical style of these two groups of his works by comparing the Rhetorical features of these two outstanding works of this author in a library method with the aim of showing the difference of Rhetorical features in the between expression language and allusion language. The results of this research show that most of the Rhetorical techniques are used more in " Elahi Namah", other than" Tazmin" that Khajeh has used more to prove his Sayings in " Sad Maidan ". Also, the frequency analysis of the Rhetorical features of these two works proves that This eloquent mystic dominates the form and meaning and has reached two Style in mystical language by observing the proportion and connection between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Discoursal Analysis of Rhetorical Structure of an Online Iraqi English Newspaper
Nadia Abed Shakeh Rami Delli Francisco Perlas Dumanig -
Open Access Article
37 - Thematic Progression in the Rhetorical Sections of an Online Iraqi English Newspaper
Nadia Abed Shakeh -
Open Access Article
38 - English and Persian Sport Newspaper Headlines: A comparative study of linguistic means
Mohammad Alipour Nastaran Monjezi -
Open Access Article
39 - The Impact of Grammatical Shifts on the Quranic Rhetorical Questions Translated into English: A Comparative Study
IBRAHIM NAJJAR Soh Bee Kwee Thabet Abu al-Haj -
Open Access Article
40 - شناسایی دسته های پیش بینی همپوشان : تمرکز بر کتب درسی زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه
فرحناز بهلولی اسگوییمفهوم "پیش بینی" به عنوان یک ابزار بلاغی آینده نگر در بهبود توانایی های خواندن زبان آموزان در حوزه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه بر پایه این فرض اهمیت ویژه میابد که وقتی ساختار بلاغی متن توسط زبان آموز درک شود، وی می تواند از آن برای پیش بینی نوع اطلاعات پیش رو بهره ببرد. Moreمفهوم "پیش بینی" به عنوان یک ابزار بلاغی آینده نگر در بهبود توانایی های خواندن زبان آموزان در حوزه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه بر پایه این فرض اهمیت ویژه میابد که وقتی ساختار بلاغی متن توسط زبان آموز درک شود، وی می تواند از آن برای پیش بینی نوع اطلاعات پیش رو بهره ببرد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی امکان مرتبط کردن سیگنالهای متنی " مقوله های پیش بینی" با دانش محتوای متن بود. برای این منظور، یک پژوهش توصیفی کیفی بر روی داده ها مشتمل بر 10 فصل از 5 کتاب درسی در رشته مهندسی عمران با استفاده ازمدل تحلیلی طراحی شده توسط "تادرس" بر پایه مفهوم پیش بینی اتخاذ شد. شش دسته"مقوله پیشبینی" معرفیشده توسط تادروس که زیربنای این مدل هستند، شامل شمارش، برچسبگذاری پیشرفته، گزارش، بازپیدایی، فرضیه سازی و سؤال ، بهطور مداوم در متون انتخاب شده بررسی شدند. یافتههای این مطالعه یک دسته پیشبینیکننده جدیدی به نام «مقولههای پیشبینیهمپوشان» را نشان داد که در آن دو یا سه دسته مقوله های پیشبینی، دقیقاً روی یکدیگر همپوشانی دارند.بر مبنای نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه ، آگاه سازی زبان آموزان ، معلمان و طراحان کتب آموزشی در مورد وجود چنین مقوله های پیش بینی میتواند مزایای قابل توجهی برای همه اعضای جامعه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه به همراه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - An investigation and analysis of the political and social structure and content of "Iham" in Hafez's Ghazals
mohammad pooryavar choobar ahmadreza nazari masoomeh nazariĪhām is among the most pleasant literary devices and the best way to express social woes and a medium through which to express discontent, albeit conservatively, in societies under authoritarian rule. Hafiz extensively employed this rhetorical embellishment to criticize MoreĪhām is among the most pleasant literary devices and the best way to express social woes and a medium through which to express discontent, albeit conservatively, in societies under authoritarian rule. Hafiz extensively employed this rhetorical embellishment to criticize the tumultuous situation, not least in his Ghazals. Relying on the descriptive-analytical method, this inquiry delves into the īhām-loaded poetry of Hafiz aimed at social and political issues. It will shed light on the influence of Mongol invasion of Persia and the dominance of Genghis Khan’s successors in the Hafiz’s poetry. It also identifies the most prominent instances of īhām with socio-political function in his poetry. The results suggest that the best part of social and political īhāms is aimed at the corrupt establishment, principal among them the hypocrite Mongol rulers. As well, two types of īhām were used more frequently than the other ones: tanāsub and mujarrad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Translation of Power and Solidarity Pronouns in Qur’anic Rhetoric
Amin Amirdabbaghian -
Open Access Article
43 - Figures of Speech: A Historical Approach
هوشمند اسفندیارپور In Persian language, a comprehensive and critical research on the history of figures of speech and their innovators has not been undertaken yet. This study modestly tries to examine the history of figures of speech, based on the works of Ibn Motaz, Qoddamate Ib More In Persian language, a comprehensive and critical research on the history of figures of speech and their innovators has not been undertaken yet. This study modestly tries to examine the history of figures of speech, based on the works of Ibn Motaz, Qoddamate Ibn Jafar, Abu Helāl Askari, Ibn Rashiq Qirvāni and Ibn Abilasba. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Classification of Themes in Sāeb Tabrizi's Poetry
غلامرضا حیدری Sāeb Tabrizi (1589-1660), is considered a famous Iranian poet who composed his poetry in Indian style. Also, Rhetorical figures, especially amphiboly, metaphor, simile and parallelism, have an important role in his poems and are means for creating brilliant new More Sāeb Tabrizi (1589-1660), is considered a famous Iranian poet who composed his poetry in Indian style. Also, Rhetorical figures, especially amphiboly, metaphor, simile and parallelism, have an important role in his poems and are means for creating brilliant new themes. This article tries to categorize these rhetorical figures in Sāeb's poetry and classify the themes presented in these rhetorical figures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Influence of the Poets of the 3rd and 4th Centuries A.H. on Hāfiz
هاشم محمدی Although Hafiz (1326-1390), considered as one of the greatest Persian lyric poets, was influenced by his predecessors, he developed his own style and created brilliant new themes. The present article aims to show the influences the poets of the 3rd and 4th cent More Although Hafiz (1326-1390), considered as one of the greatest Persian lyric poets, was influenced by his predecessors, he developed his own style and created brilliant new themes. The present article aims to show the influences the poets of the 3rd and 4th centuries A.H. had on Hāfiz with respect to concepts, themes, poetic diction, rhyming rhythm, rime, and rhetorical figures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Pathology of the Application of Eloquence in the Child's Poetry ( in the decades of 70 to 90 )
Afsaneh Moosavi Garmaroodi Ahmad Khatami Maryam JalaliAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the freq MoreAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the frequency and abundance of the usage of rhetorics have been posed and later its correct and incorrect methods have been offered. We have also presented samples of current eloquent problems in the child poetry together with its most frequent applications; then we've compared suitable and unsuitable patterns in it. Based on this research, the method and application of types and eloquence science, with regarding to the vocabulary and the child's understanding and what interferes the frequency of the poem have been dealt with. The basis of this research is on the eloquence theories and fundamentals which have been written in the elementary research. The library method of this paper is on its statistical society and its consequences and the results attained are of the rare researches in this domain and offers the procedures for the use of the poets in composing the child poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Artistic Quality of Rhetorical Structures in the Newly Found Work from Fathollah Aref
Mohammad Reza Amir Khani Dehbalaee Ahmad Reza YalamehaAbstract The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahna MoreAbstract The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahnameh in the court of Soleiman Ghanuni. One of the specifications that distinguishes one literary work from the other is the kind of its utility from its rhetoric structure which are illustrated by the writer in different ways. Regarding the epic genre of this poetry, Aref tries to create his poetry in higher or the same rank of the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. In the discussion of rhetorics, he sometimes succeeds and the other times fails. Aref's most significant craft in this work is the sensitive expression in the description of the scenes and the choice of similarity in a different atmosphere in a distich. Aref, by posing ironic expressions and in an unexpected manner , unveils his praised one (criticizes him) . Expression together with authority, and questioning in the excellency of the abstract of the book are of his outstanding and successful crafts. Manuscript profile
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