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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Rosaceae Plants as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidants in Food Industry
فائزه Kamali A.R Sadeghi Mahonak زهرا Nasiri farIntroduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthe MoreIntroduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthetic antioxidants BHT, BHA as well as the natural ascorbic acid. Materials and Methods : In this study, the phenolic content of the methanolic extract of the samples were isolated and the antioxidant activities of five species of Rosaceae were determined by using DPPH free radical and nitric oxide scavenging , and the results were compared to the synthetic antioxidant Results : The results showed that the content of studied plant samples ranged from 0.51±0.41 – 35.53±0.89 mgGAEg -1. Concentraition of extract for scavening 50 percent of free radicals and nitric oxide radicals varied from 77.42 ± 0.91 to 1484.2 ± 96.44 and 233.24±3.39- 1572.46±203.76 Ug/ml. The highest phenolic amount was related to the Rosa damascena Mill leaf and next grade Cydonia oblonga Mill leaf. Extract of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quine fruit and seed and Almond seed had high antioxidant activity and no significant difference was observed between them and the synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and Vit C). Conclusion : The results of this study clearly suggested that there is a significant relationship between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic concentration and the extracts of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quince fruit and seed and almond seed might be employed as appropriate alternatives to the synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Phytochemical study and anti-inflammatory activity of the roots of Mangifera indica L. in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages
Yolande Nangue Eulogio José Llorent-Martínez Maria Luisa Fernández-de Córdova Douglas Alphonse M. Ngangoum Télesphore Benoit Nguelefack Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze Alain Bertrand Dongmo -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of TRX training on nitric oxide and homocysteine levels as indicators of vascular endothelial and inflammation in inactive obese women
shima Ghardashkgani gerde Abdolali Banaeifar saeid sedaghati yaser kazemzadeh keyvan molanorouziIntroduction & Objective: Recent studies suggest that obesity plays an effective role in the occurrence of inflammation; on the other hand, inflammation can affect on function of vascular endothelium. High levels of homocysteine can lead to inflammation and MoreIntroduction & Objective: Recent studies suggest that obesity plays an effective role in the occurrence of inflammation; on the other hand, inflammation can affect on function of vascular endothelium. High levels of homocysteine can lead to inflammation and vascular endothelium damage. Nitric oxide is also considered as one of the influencing factors on endothelial function. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of TRX training on the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and nitric oxide (NO) in inactive obese women. Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 28 obese women with a mean age of 44.34 ±0.82 years were randomly divided into TRX (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The experimental group program consisted of TRX training for eight weeks and three days a week for 50-60 minutes. Serum levels of homocysteine, nitric oxide were measured before and 48 hours after the last training session. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to examine the differences between groups and within-group changes. Result:After eight weeks of TRX training, comparison results within and between groups are displayed that the mean homocysteine index in the exercise group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.01). Also, exercise led to an increase in nitric oxide levels in obese women, although this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it seems that doing TRX training can be effective as an exercise method in reducing inflammation and improving endothelial function in obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - روند تغییرات روزانه ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی برگهای Azadirchta indica
پاول اگونبامو الامیلکان اوتدوBackground & Aim:Medicinal plants have been of immense therapeutic values to many communities, some traditional folklore places emphasis on collecting plants during the day for medicinal purpose. This study examined the effect of collection time on the phytochemical MoreBackground & Aim:Medicinal plants have been of immense therapeutic values to many communities, some traditional folklore places emphasis on collecting plants during the day for medicinal purpose. This study examined the effect of collection time on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Azadirachta indica leaves. Experimental: Leaves samples were collected at six hour intervals between 6AM to 6PM, phytochemical quantification was done using standard methods; antioxidant assays were done after ethanol extraction via reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assay (NO). Results: Saponin concentration ranged from 1.08-1.24%, Tannin 0.22-0.31%, Steroid 0.08-0.14%, Glycoside 0.090-0.104%, Alkaloids 3.88-4.27%, Flavonoids 0.050-0.080% and 1.16-1.32% for Phenolics in the leaves of A. indica collected at different time of the day. The effect of time of sample collection on the phytochemical constituents shows that phytochemicals such as saponin, tannin, glycoside, alkaloids and phenolics are significantly (p<0.05) more concentrated in the leaves in the evening time (6PM) compared to other time period while steroid and flavonoid are also significantly more concentrated in the noon time (12PM). Reducing power assay shows that leave samples collected at 12PM exhibited the highest reducing power which is comparable with the samples collected at 6PM. The early morning samples showed the least reducing power while the standard antioxidant had higher reducing power than the three sample extracts. The highest percentage NO inhibition was observed in leave samples collected at 12PM (72.40%), but this is less than the ascorbic acid (standard antioxidant) which shows 84.47% inhibition. Analysis of the IC50 revealed that the afternoon sample (12PM) had the least value (23.29 μg/ml) thus, possessing better antioxidant capacity with respect to the NO scavenging; this is to a lower extent than the IC50 value (12.71 μg/ml) of the standard antioxidant. Recommended applications/industries: From the foregoing, variation exists in daytime concentrations of phytochemical in A. indica leaves which may impact on its pharmacological actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Nitric oxide ameliorates salinity tolerance in Pyrodwarf pear (Pyrus communis) rootstocks by regulating polyamine content
Mehri Yousefi Lotfali Naseri Fariborz Zaare-Nahandi -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of different concentrations of exogenous nitric oxide on several physiological and biochemical parameters in NaCl-stressed coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Roghayyeh Babri-Bonab sara saadatmand Hossein Nazemiyeh Alireza Iran-Bakhsh -
Open Access Article
7 - Photosystem II Efficiency of Primed Canola under Salt Stress
Zahra Karimi Jalil Khara Ghader Habibi -
Open Access Article
8 - تاثیر سدیم نیتروپروساید بر عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز، لیسیانتوس و آفتابگردان
نیره نظیری مقدم هستی هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Mojtaba Khorrami Raadعمر گلجایی طولانی مهمترین فاکتور تعیین کننده ارزش اقتصادی در گل­های شاخه بریده است. در این پژوهش اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) بصورت تیمار پالس در 4 سطح 0، 20، 40 و 60 میکرومولار بر عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز (Rosa hybrida L.)، لیسیانتوس (Eustoma grandiflorum Moreعمر گلجایی طولانی مهمترین فاکتور تعیین کننده ارزش اقتصادی در گل­های شاخه بریده است. در این پژوهش اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) بصورت تیمار پالس در 4 سطح 0، 20، 40 و 60 میکرومولار بر عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز (Rosa hybrida L.)، لیسیانتوس (Eustoma grandiflorum) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) بررسی شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار و 12 تیمار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین عمرگلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز (33/14 روز) و آفتابگردان (5/14 روز) با کاربرد 40 میکرومولار SNP بدست می­آید در حالی که بیشترین عمر گلجایی لیسیانتوس (00/14 روز) متعلق به تیمار 20 میکرومولار SNP بود. تیمار 20 میکرومولار SNP موثرترین تیمار در حفظ ماده خشک در گل­های شاخه بریده رز بود.کاربرد SNP نسبت به شاهد بطور معنی­داری موجب کاهش تولید اتیلن در گل­های شاخه بریده رز و لیسیانتوس شد. کمترین اتیلن تولید شده در گل­های شاخه بریده آفتابگردان (03/0 نانولیتر در لیتر در ساعت در هر گرم وزن تر) به تیمار 60 میکرومولار SNP تعلق داشت. SNP اثر معناداری بر جذب آب، جمعیت میکروبی محلول گلجایی و انتهای ساقه و کلروفیل b نداشت؛ اما بطور معنی­داری موجب حفظ پروتئین در گل­های شاخه بریده مورد آزمایش شد. بطورکلی می­توان گفت که SNP از طریق مهار تولید اتیلن و حفظ پروتئین­ها موجب بهبود ماندگاری پس از برداشت در گل­های شاخه بریده رز، لیسیانتوس و آفتابگردان می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of L-Arginine and L-NAME on the thickness of the cortex and medulla of Thymus in Pregnant Rats
SMH Noori Moogahi ZN Sharifi shabnam movaseghi عطارد السادات MostafaviniaConsidering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and st MoreConsidering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and stereological changes of the thymus in pregnant rats. In this experimental study, thirty-two female Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks and weighing 200-250g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, L-Arginine (200 mg / kg), L-NAME (20 mg / kg) and L-Arginine + L-NAME; 8 rats in each group. On the 18th day of pregnancy, the rats anesthetized with ether, then, their thymus was extracted and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue passage, the sections were stained with H&E and the histological and morphometric studies were performed. L-Arginine with its stimulative effect on NO synthesis in thymus causes to increase T-lymphocyte population, therefore thickness of cortex is increased and thickness of medulla decreased. Analysis of variance showed that the thickness of cortex and medulla of thymus in the L-Arginine group was significantly different in comparison with the control group, with p=0.000 and p=0.002, respectively. The thickness of cortex and medulla in the L-NAME group showed a significant decrease, with p=0.000, compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Influence of L-arginine in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Ethanol-induced Amnesia
مرتضی پیری اعظم مشفق نسرین رئوفی مریم السادات شاهینNitric oxide synthase has been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of ethanol and nicotine. In the present study, the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, in the dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrs MoreNitric oxide synthase has been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of ethanol and nicotine. In the present study, the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, in the dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated.This experimental study was performed on 300 male mice. Mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24 h after training to measure step-down latency. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol (1 g/kg) decreased the memory retrieval. Injection of nicotine or L-arginine before test by itself has no effect on memory retrieval. On the other hand, pre-test administration of ethanol (0.5, 1 g/kg), nicotine (0.4, 0.8 andmicro;g/mice) or L-arginine (0.8 andmicro;g/mice) plus non-effective dose of nicotine (0.2 andmicro;g/mice) restored memory impairment induced by pre-training injection of ethanol. These results suggest that nitric oxide system of dorsal hippocampus may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparison of the Effects of Oxaliplatin on Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Colorectal Cancer (SW480) Compared to Normal Cells (HEK293)
Seyed َAyoub Ahmadi Tahereh Naji Rahim AhmadiColon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the human population. There are many drugs on the market to treat different types of cancer, but their use is limited due to toxic effects and side effects, and in the last ten, experts in this field are looking for suita MoreColon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the human population. There are many drugs on the market to treat different types of cancer, but their use is limited due to toxic effects and side effects, and in the last ten, experts in this field are looking for suitable alternatives to common anti-cancer drugs. This study was aimed to assess the comparison of the effects of oxaliplatin on the nitric oxide level in colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 and non-tumor HEK293 cell lines. In this experimental study, Oxaliplatin was prepared at concentrations of 1.95, 3.90, 7.8, 15.6, 32.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml and the cytotoxic effect was investigated on HEK293 and SW480 cell lines using MTT method. Nitric oxide was measured by Grease method and Real Time PCR technique was applied to evaluate the iNOS gene expression. Finally, one-way ANOVA and t-test were used to analyze the data. The results of this study indicated that Oxaliplatin had a lethal effect on the SW480 cell line at concentrations of 7.8 to 250 μg/ml, but showed no cytotoxic effects on normal cell lines at other concentrations. Oxaliplatin at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml significantly increased nitric oxide production in SW480 cells compared to HEK293 cells, which served as the normal cell line. The results of Real Time PCR showed that the expression of the iNOS gene in both SW480 and HEK293 cells was not significantly different from the control group, but was higher. The results indicated that use of oxaliplatin can cause excellent therapeutic effects on cancer cell lines with minimum side effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Study of Oxidative Stress-Dependent Changes Caused by Social Stress in Brain and Kidney Tissues
Irandokht Zeynaei Shahrbanoo Oryan Mohammadreza Vaezmahdavi Akram Eidi Mehrdad RoghaniThe effect of social stress on the occurrence of cardiovascular and mental diseases is obvious. In order to investigate the effect of these stresses on oxidative stress induction, and changes in the oxidant and antioxidant levels, the model for roommate change restricti MoreThe effect of social stress on the occurrence of cardiovascular and mental diseases is obvious. In order to investigate the effect of these stresses on oxidative stress induction, and changes in the oxidant and antioxidant levels, the model for roommate change restriction and observation in the presence of curcuma longa antioxidant was designed A total of 60 Wister rats were kept under standard conditions of temperature, light, and water. In the under-stress groups, each rat was provided with one third of its common food. The roommate change stress and observation were applied to two groups of these rats. Two groups of rates were fed by the food contained curcuma longa. These rats kept under defined conditions for each group for 4 months i.e., roommate change, observation, curcuma longa; food restriction, observation, roommate change, curcuma longa; control; control, curcuma longa. After the rats' maintenance period was completed, they were anesthetized with ether and their kidney and brain tissues were homogenized. Each of the given factors i.e., malon-dialdehyde, glutathione, nitric oxide, cathepsin D and lipofuscin was measured in tissues. The malon-dialdehyde level increased significantly both in brain and kidney in under-stress group. The level of nitric oxide and glutathione increased in brain, but the activity of cathepsin D and lipofuscin accumulation remained unchanged. Also the amount of nitric oxide and glutathione remained the same. The brain is more sensitive to MDA formation, but the amount of glutathione and nitric oxide is higher. Thus social stress induced changes do not occur equally in kidney and brain tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect Of Simvastatin On Nitric oxide Synthase Activity In Vascular Endothelial Cell Line (HUVEC)
Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini Tahereh Naji Rahim AhmadiSimvastatin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A Reductase inhibitor widely used in lowering cholesterol levels.This study was aimed at assessing the effect of simvastatin on the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the vascular endothelial cell line HUVEC. MTT me MoreSimvastatin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A Reductase inhibitor widely used in lowering cholesterol levels.This study was aimed at assessing the effect of simvastatin on the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the vascular endothelial cell line HUVEC. MTT method was used to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on HUVEC vascular endothelial cell line. The effect of simvastatin on iNOS gene expression in HUVEC vascular endothelial cell line was investigated using real-time PCR technique. The effect of Simvastatin on the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was investigated using grease colorimetry. With increasing Simvastatin concentration, the survival of HUVEC vascular endothelial cells decreased compared to the control group (P≤0.05). In addition, the expression of INOS enzyme gene in the group receiving 55 µl/ml of simvastatin was significantly different and increased compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Simvastatin at concentrations higher than 125 µl/ml simvastatin was not significantly different from the control group. However, at lower concentrations (62, 31, and 16 µl/ml), a significant difference was observed and increased compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Considering the decrease in the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and its effects on human diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, the use of simvastatin can be helpful in patients exposed to disease due to endothelial nitric oxide dysfunction.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effects of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Administration of Nitric Oxide Synthesis on the Zona Pellucida Thickness of Ovarian Follicles in Pregnant Rats
Mohammad Hossein Noori Mugahi Shabnam Movassaghi Atarod Sadat Mostafavinia Mahnaz Nouri Zahra Nadia SharifiNitric oxide is a short-lived mediator which produced in different mammalian cell types. Nitric oxide synthesizes (NOSs) are a family of complex enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-Arginine to form Nitric Oxide. Overproduction of nitric oxide may imply in the patho MoreNitric oxide is a short-lived mediator which produced in different mammalian cell types. Nitric oxide synthesizes (NOSs) are a family of complex enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-Arginine to form Nitric Oxide. Overproduction of nitric oxide may imply in the pathogenesis of several immune diseases. The present study demonstrates the potential role of nitric oxide in zona pellucida thickness. This study was performed on 8 weeks pregnant Wistar rats (n=32). To study the impact of Nitric Oxide on zona pellucida thickness four experimental designs were investigated. Control group, 200 mg/kg L-Arginine, 20 mg/kg L-NAME and a combination of L-Arginine, and L-NAME. Ovary removal via laparotomy was performed 13 days after intraperitoneal injection. Zona pellucida thickness was investigated by Image tools III quantitative technique. Based on our findings, L-Arginine causes a significant decrease in zona pellucida thickness (p ≤ 0.05). No discrepancy was detected in zona pellucida thickness between the other experimental groups and the control group. The results support the hypothesis that destructive effects on ovary and zona pellucida formation can be mediated by the overproduction of nitric oxide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - essential elements content in spring canola seedlings cv. PF under nickel stress
Nader Kazemi Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Taher Nejad-SattariThis research was performed in order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth and essential elements content in spring canola under nickel stress in laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The i MoreThis research was performed in order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth and essential elements content in spring canola under nickel stress in laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The interactive effects of nickel, salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a donor of nitric oxide (NO) were examined on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. PF) growth. 21-day old canola seedlings (cv. PF) were exposed to different concentrations of NiCl2 , 6H2O (0, 0.5 mM), SA (0, 0.2 mM) and SNP (0, 0.2 mM) for 10 days. Nickel toxicity symptoms such as chlorosis and necrosis were observed on leaves of Ni-treated seedlings. Treatment with Ni resulted in a decrease in fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Mineral elements content (Mg, Fe, Ca, P, K) extremely decreased in roots and shoots of Ni-stressed canola seedlings, while the content of N in these seedlings increased in roots and decreased in shoots. Ni was more accumulated in roots than in shoots. In Ni-stressed seedlings, application of SA or NO, especially SA+NO, improved the growth and decreased the toxicity symptoms as compared to Ni-treated seedlings. SA or NO, especially both together, considerably reduced root-to-shoot translocation of Ni and increased the content of mineral elements in roots and shoots of Ni-stressed seedlings. These results showed that SA or NO and in particular their combination, markedly reduced the toxic effects of nickel on canola seedlings by sequestration of Ni in roots and amelioration of mineral nutrition. Manuscript profile
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