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Open Access Article
1 - Relationship between Biorhythm (Physical, Emotional, Intellectual, Intuitive) With Educational Performance of Students (The Case: Public Management Students in Science & Research Branch of IAU).
S. Aliakbar Ajfe R. JabbariThe present article is in response to this question that “Whether there is a relationshipbetween biorhythm and educational performance of students?” Population of this study werestudents of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch and the sample MoreThe present article is in response to this question that “Whether there is a relationshipbetween biorhythm and educational performance of students?” Population of this study werestudents of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch and the sample was the OBclass in master of public administration which included 28 students , 14 female students and 14male. During the course, 14 exams have been taken and because of absence some students insome sessions, all in all we collected 341 valid data. In this study, the biorhythm of studentshave been measured and registered in Easy-Bio software and educational performance by takeregular weekly exams in second semester 2010-2011. This study based on the empiricalresearch method in real environment and using the two techniques, qualitative (content analysis)and quantitative (comparison and correlation) have been analyzed and resulted. The collecteddata was analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson`s correlation and multiple regression, alsoused compare means and other helpful tests. The results of the research in content analysisindicated that there is a relationship between Physical, Intellectual and Intuitive cycles andeducational performance, although quantitative method didn`t prove any relationship betweenthem. Even, quantitative methods are more important because they are suitable to extent theresult of the search, but qualitative methods are more suitable for correct usage, especially in thefield of human resource. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of High-frequent trading (HFT) of Stock liquidation
Mona Askari ferydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti M. Ali AbdolvandOne of the major functions of exchange is to enhance stock liquidation. If stock market is not cash and liquid, it will not encourage investment. On the other hand, stock market has intensely been affected by the development of advanced computer technologies, which has MoreOne of the major functions of exchange is to enhance stock liquidation. If stock market is not cash and liquid, it will not encourage investment. On the other hand, stock market has intensely been affected by the development of advanced computer technologies, which has caused a large volume of trades to conduct online.The present research analyzes the trades conducted in Tehran Stock Exchange from the viewpoint of high-frequent trading (HFT). It also discusses the effect of such trades on market liquidation.Based on this, it studies five major and influential factors on liquidation power, including number of trades, number of buyers, number of the traded stocks, number of trading days and value of the stocks traded in Tehran Stock Exchange between 21 Mars 2011 and 22 September 2012. Correlations between these factors and the variable of the HFTs were tested through multivariate regression and SPSS.According to the results, there is a positive and significant relationship among the HFTs with 3 variables including number of trades, number of buyers and number of trading days at confidence level of 95%. Therefore, HFTs are effective in liquidation power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An Investigation of the Association between Working Capital Management and Corporate Performance
Vahid Taghizadeh Khanqah Mohsen Akbari Khosroshahi Mohammad Reza Ebrati -
Open Access Article
4 - The Application of Digital Atmosphere 2000 Software in Spatial Analysis of Climatic Features in Iran
M.A khorshid-Doost یوسف GhavidelFeatures such as thunderstorms and dust storms, foggy, snowy, and rainy days alongwith days containing frozen rainfalls have occupied great importance in fields likeagriculture, transportation, health, and environment. In this paper some abilities ofDigital Atmosphere s MoreFeatures such as thunderstorms and dust storms, foggy, snowy, and rainy days alongwith days containing frozen rainfalls have occupied great importance in fields likeagriculture, transportation, health, and environment. In this paper some abilities ofDigital Atmosphere software have been used in a spatial analysis of some of theabove-mentioned climatic features of Iran. The results indicate differences in spatiotemporaldistribution of the factors under study. Thunderstorms take a higher positionamong climatic elements studied, and the greatest spatial changes belong to the type ofdust storm distribution patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Detection of Local Climate Change by Studying of Freezing Days Fluctuations (Case Study Mashhad)
علیرضا Shahabfar سهراب Mohammadnia محمد MotamediIn this paper, for the aim of local climatic change detection, fluctuations of freezingdays in Mashhad during 1951-2000 were studied.Primary investigations showed that annual mean and absolute temperature have anincreasing trend in the study period. It has a suitable ha MoreIn this paper, for the aim of local climatic change detection, fluctuations of freezingdays in Mashhad during 1951-2000 were studied.Primary investigations showed that annual mean and absolute temperature have anincreasing trend in the study period. It has a suitable harmony to decreasing trend offreezing days. So, correlation equation between freezing days and statistical yearscalculated by this formula. Y=107.35X-0.53 which it was meaningful and shows –29.5 days changes in Annual freezing days in mentioned period. Using test of Mann-Kendal showed two decreasing and decreasing trend, which are significant. We canobserve a falling trend in number of freezing days after 1976.In next phase, for the purpose of fitting a suitable time series model on the data,which used in this research, the method of Box-Jenkins was applied. Finally after somestatistical works ARIMA (1,1,0) time series model was selected for the studied data.The model was able to predict the number of freezing days of Mashhad in the year2001 with an error about 3.3 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Land Suitability Evaluation Based on the Climatic Elements for Canola Cultivation Using Fuzzy and AHP model in Kordestan
Amir hossein Halabian Nahid esmaeliBackground and Objective: The challenge of costant development production in agriculture is the food security for growing population that increase the country food needs. The capability finding, lands regionalization and encouraging the producers for producting the stra MoreBackground and Objective: The challenge of costant development production in agriculture is the food security for growing population that increase the country food needs. The capability finding, lands regionalization and encouraging the producers for producting the strategic and high quality products with more add end- value result in optimum production according to offer and demand and decreasing the depandence. The edible oil have the most depandence amond basive materials so, cultivating the oily seeds with favorite quality and more efficiency that be compatible with climate conditions of country is as the most important effective factors for increasing the production operation. Method: In this research, first, the studied data of 7 meteorology station have been studied daily during the common years (1992-2010:1371- 1389) for 19 years statistic period. Then, the value information layers have been provided for Geographic Information System. The studied layers including the height, landuse, soil, frosty, effective and active growth term period. The present layers have been fuzzy by using fuzzy redundant, and then the weight of each layer have been calculated by AHP model.Then, the final regionalization of feasibility study for Canola cultivation have been provided. Findings: The results of study indicated that Kordeston province have fine cultivation capability for canola oily plant, so the 28% of lands in northeast and south east place in very fine limit. 38% of province lands place in fine limit and more of them observe in eastern half of province. 24% of province lands is in the medium limit and 10% of province lands place in weak limit, Generally, the eastern half of Kordestan province have more capability for Canola cultivation. Discussion & conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the Kordestan province lands were divided in to four categories of highly suitable (7940.8 km2), suitable (10905.3 km2), moderate (6824 km2) and weak (2829.3 km2) lands on the basis of the environmental and climatologocal potentials for canola cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Empirically examining of the effect of week days on future contracts market of Bahar Azadi Coin in Tehran Merchandise Exchange
Peyman Tataee Jalal Seifoddini Emad Ahmadipour Leila AzadiThis study empirically examined the effect of week days on future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin in Iran Merchandise Exchange. We used the classic Linear Autoregressive and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to show that there isn't a stand MoreThis study empirically examined the effect of week days on future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin in Iran Merchandise Exchange. We used the classic Linear Autoregressive and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to show that there isn't a standard pattern for the return of future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin. Also, we presented that the daily return of future contracts depended on previous day and even the day before. Thus we concluded that the prices didn't follow "Random Walk" phenomenon in the future market of Bahar Azadi Coin and we couldn’t find any evidence for market information efficiency in weak level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The relationship between the amount of free float and liquidity of shares in Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammadreza Monjazeb Sajjad jalaliThis study investigates the association of free float and liquidity of the stock. In addition to considering any reasonable investor in making an investment return and risk criteria should also consider liquidity to be able to determine the relationship between liquidit MoreThis study investigates the association of free float and liquidity of the stock. In addition to considering any reasonable investor in making an investment return and risk criteria should also consider liquidity to be able to determine the relationship between liquidity indicators (turnover, value of transactions, number of transactions, number of days of trading and turnover trading stock) Tehran Stock Exchange with a free float of 164 companies were investigated. For this purpose, trimester data were collected from the 1391- 1385 companies. Using the combined data (panel) regression models were estimated. The results showed that all of the free float and liquidity indicators, there is a significant relationship. Given the values of the estimated coefficients, in order of most to least about trading stock turnover, number of days traded, turnover, number of trades, the trades are free float variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of narrative time and its paradoxes in the book "Days" by Taha Hossein
Reyhaneh YazdiIn the contemporary period, narratological research has been developed with various forms and goals. This science, which began with Propp in books "The Morphology of Narrative" and "The Tales of Fairies", achieved great progresses with the writings of theorists such as MoreIn the contemporary period, narratological research has been developed with various forms and goals. This science, which began with Propp in books "The Morphology of Narrative" and "The Tales of Fairies", achieved great progresses with the writings of theorists such as Grimas, Gerard Genette, and Todorov. One of the most important theories that analyze the structure of the text or novel according to the school of structuralism is the theory of three components of the narrative of Gerard Genette, which are the time of narration, the structure of narrative and the plot of narrative. Regarding the first component, which is the time of the story, it should be said that the novel or any other narrative structure has time in the heart of the characters and the narration of events. Time is like the main discipline of the novel, which advances it and gives it the character of influence and drama. Gerard Genette in his theory reveals this time game and its techniques. The present study tries to examine these techniques in Taha Hussein's novel or autobiography, the book "Days". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Analysis of Effective Features in EducationalPrograms in the Agricultural Sector
Mohammad Ali Nadi Narges KeshtiaraY Ramezan Jahanian Mozhgani Arefi Shahin Raz Masoud Salimi Arsalan. ErajiRad. Nozhatozamani Moshfeghi AliReza Uosefi Fariba Karimi Seyed Ali t Siyadat Shahram Shahbazi Hamideh GoharanAbstract Executing different educational programs with respect to the structure and tasks of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad in order to update the knowledge and skills of staff is one of the primary tasks of the Research and Education Organization. This study ai MoreAbstract Executing different educational programs with respect to the structure and tasks of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad in order to update the knowledge and skills of staff is one of the primary tasks of the Research and Education Organization. This study aims at analyzing and formulating effective features in educational programs in the agricultural sector. In so doing, the following two questions about formulating effective features in educational programs in the agricultural sector were asked of the teaching and research staff and educational experts of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. 1. What are the effective features of educational programs in agricultural sector? 2. Which of the identified features to promote the effectivity of the presented model of educational programs are of more importance? This research is descriptive and survey – based. The statistical community, a total of 383 people, were the teaching /research staff, instructors, educational directors, and experts o the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Data – collection and measurement tools at this study were researcher – tailored. Data analysis was conducted on two levels of descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t– tests, multi – variable regression, and path analysis diagram). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Spatio-temporal Variations of Snow-covered Days in the Northwest of Iran using Remote Sensing Data
Abbas Kashani Bromand Salahi Amirhossein Halabian Batool ZeinaliIn this research, the spatiotemporal variations of snow-covered days (SCDs) in this region were analyzed using the data of the sixth version of MODIS Terra and MODIS Aqua sensors on a daily basis in the period of 2003-2020. In order to reduce the cloud cover effect, thr MoreIn this research, the spatiotemporal variations of snow-covered days (SCDs) in this region were analyzed using the data of the sixth version of MODIS Terra and MODIS Aqua sensors on a daily basis in the period of 2003-2020. In order to reduce the cloud cover effect, three algorithms were applied to the data. For the digital elevation model, the Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the Japan Space Exploration Agency was used. The relation between two snow-cover phenological components (SCAs and SCDs) and the relation between the SCDs and the altitude were investigated. The findings show an increase in SCDs in the months of November, December, and January. Maximum SCDs are observed in January in Sabalan Mountain and then Sahand. The reduction of SCDs in the spring and summer months is also affected by the two factors of latitude and altitude. The absolute maximum of SCDs in this region is observed at 160 days/ year in the mountain of Sabalan. Examining the changes in SCDs in March and April shows a decrease in SCDs in high-altitude classes. At the same time, it shows the increasing pattern of SCDs in November and December at many altitude levels. Analysis of the relation between SCA and SCDs in different months illustrated that SCAs has decreased in regions with more SCDs (heights) due to the reduction of topographic areas. The relation of SCDs and altitude also showed that the minimum of SCDs occurred in all altitude levels (even altitudes above 3500 m with 4 days) in August and the maximum occurred in December with 22 days at the altitude of 3500 m. SCDs decrease with increasing altitude in mountainous areas of 3500 to 4000 m, due to the increase of land slope and instability of SC in steep areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating the Thoughts of Borhanoddin Mohaghegh Termezi
Davood Vaseghi Mehdi Maleksabet Mohammadkazem KahdooiiBorhanoddin Mohaeghegh Termezi is one of the salient features in Islamic mystics and who comprehended the presence of Baha valade balkhi in his youth. He reached the higher degrees of mystics under his support. After the death of Bahaodin, Seyyed took the responsibility MoreBorhanoddin Mohaeghegh Termezi is one of the salient features in Islamic mystics and who comprehended the presence of Baha valade balkhi in his youth. He reached the higher degrees of mystics under his support. After the death of Bahaodin, Seyyed took the responsibility of guiding Molana Jalaledin and he guided him to mystic path and the destruction level in a way that he could tolerate the companionship of the king of lovers- Shams Tabrizi. Deep thinking in his education book reveals that he has great thoughts in mystic path and these thoughts made a huge improvement in the thoughts of great men like Molavi and Soltan valad. He is one of the mystics who understand the unity of existence and the regards multiplicity as invalid. Borhanoddin also knows sanctity as heart recognition with which everything can be a sign of God. Beside this, Seyyed Serdan explains about mortification, invocation of God and observing forty days seclusion which is an obvious reason for his maturity in mystics. In this study, after having a short look at the Borhanoddin’s life path, his most important mystic thoughts will be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Determining the appropriate spray time for Cydiapomonella(Lep: Totricidae) in apple orchards using sex pheromone and degree day in Khanehzenyan, Fars
Seyedeh Negar Daneshnia Mahmood Alichi Bahram HeidariCodling moth, Cydiapomonell, is the key pest of apple orchards at Khanehzenyan, Shiraz, Fars, Iran. To determine the best application time of spraying via counting the number of trapped moths and recording the effective daily temperature during 2009-2011, pheromone trap MoreCodling moth, Cydiapomonell, is the key pest of apple orchards at Khanehzenyan, Shiraz, Fars, Iran. To determine the best application time of spraying via counting the number of trapped moths and recording the effective daily temperature during 2009-2011, pheromone traps used at the height of 1.5 m from the ground level with distance between traps of 85-100 m. The data was analyzed using Excel software. According to the results, the number of pest generations and spraying time were determined. The results indicated that C. pomonella had two complete and one partial or incomplete generation at Khanezenyan.The best time for chemical control of C. pomonella was coincidentwith the time of appearance of the first age larva and accumulation of 175 degree-days. The required sums of temperatures for completion of one generation of C. pomonellawere 766.5 and 770 degree-days for the years 2009 and 2011 respectively.Therefore, by this way we can reduce the irregular uses of chemical pesticides and environmental pollutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating of Phenological Stages of Camelthorn (Alhaji pseudoalhagi L.) in Yazd Province
Farzad Nikfam Mohammad Ali Baghestani Seyed Mohammad Mirvakili Fariba MeighaniIn order to evaluate the phenology stages of Camelthorn (Alhagi pseudoalhagi), an experiment was carried out in 2008 in two cities, of Yazd province Yazd and Taft (Cham), in spring. By growing camelthorn, the phenology stages in both areas, from emergence time to seedin MoreIn order to evaluate the phenology stages of Camelthorn (Alhagi pseudoalhagi), an experiment was carried out in 2008 in two cities, of Yazd province Yazd and Taft (Cham), in spring. By growing camelthorn, the phenology stages in both areas, from emergence time to seeding, were recorded. The results showed that 7 phenology stages of the Camelthorn took 211 days (equal to 4049 growing degree days) in Yazd, while The same Stage decreased 200 days (equal to 3503.45 growing degree days), in Cham-Taft. The shortest and the lorgest Phenology period of Camelthorn in both yazd and Cham-Taft referes to budding (22 days) and seeding (90 days), respectively. Also, the shortest distance in terms of time from starting of one stage to the next in both sites, was due to the starting growth period of Camelthorn from surface to appearance of first stem, and the longest distance in terms of time refered to starting of fruiting and seeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Semiotics of cultural memory "One Thousand and One Nights" and " One Thousand and one days"
reza taheri Ismail Azar sara Zirak One Thousand and One Nights and One thousand and one days are Persian folk literature and the meaningful part of the historical memory of the Iranian people. These two works, which were created in the context of the Persian language and the Iranian (Himself) More One Thousand and One Nights and One thousand and one days are Persian folk literature and the meaningful part of the historical memory of the Iranian people. These two works, which were created in the context of the Persian language and the Iranian (Himself) Semiosphere to create the norm and order of the cultural system, In the translation process They surprised other culture and Over time, they greatly influenced world literature. These two works, with the Insignia similar, signifier arrangement and semantic guidance in the Semiosphere and similar texts in Persian tales, making this question , how is the relation the relationship between these two works and in memory of the text of world literature? So, this research has a descriptive analytical approach based on Yuri Lutman's theory of cultural semiotics: Study of bilateral and calico relationship between different sign systems, Affected by examining translations and texts of these two works In the cultural memory of world literature. and concludes: The cultural signs of these works has the representation of conflict, tolerance and Iranian man’s dialogue with nature, society and with Adjacent cultures. The translation of these stories was the discourse of Iranian culture with other cultures. The beginning of this discourse was accompanied by the repetition and sequence of translation production, Then, by influencing the method of producing new texts based on the pattern of Iranian stories, the automation and its reflection in other cultures, it caused the evolution of those cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation of crop calendar effect on spraying of autumn wheat fields in Varamin region
Seyedeh Hasheminia Mohammad Reza Homayuni Mohsen NouriSpraying is one of the most important agricultural operations in protection stage. It should be prevented from immoderate application of these pesticides/herbicides, while weeds, pathogens and insects are controlled in this stage. Apparently, establishing an appropriate MoreSpraying is one of the most important agricultural operations in protection stage. It should be prevented from immoderate application of these pesticides/herbicides, while weeds, pathogens and insects are controlled in this stage. Apparently, establishing an appropriate time for spraying operation, estimating the number of required and approved days for this operation as well as weather observations are quiet necessary to achieve this target. In this study, four limiting factors including rain, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity were considered for spraying operation and the approved ranges were determined accordingly. To data analysis, each month is divided into six Five-day sections. According to weather observations related to 24 years (1994–2018), the numbers of working days were determined within the appointed ranges, considering the limiting factors. T test is then employed to determine probable average ranges. Based on the results, among the limiting factors, temperature was the most effective factor to determine the number of working days for spraying operation. According to this, totally 11.9 days were appropriate for this operation in a crop season. In this regard, the total number of days for chemical control of thin-leaf and broad-leaf weeds, aphids, grasshoppers, bugs and Hadena basilinea were 17.9, 19.4, 21.2, 11.9 and 16.9 days in a crop season, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effects of English as Foreign Language Proficiency on Lexical Retention of Iranian Learners
Zinat Sha'bani Mohammad Taghi Hasani -
Open Access Article
18 - Response of Yields and Agronomic Traits of Five Grain Millet Varieties to Planting Date
Mahnaz Ghafari Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami Hamed JavadiTo study the effect of planting dates on yields, yield components and protein contents of seeds of millet varieties in Birjand region, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Field o MoreTo study the effect of planting dates on yields, yield components and protein contents of seeds of millet varieties in Birjand region, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran, in 2013. Planting dates with three levels (May 12rd, June 2nd and June 23rd) were assigned to main plots and millet varieties with 5 levels (Bastan, Chomaki, Pishahank, White Gavars and Yellow Gavars), to sub-plot was. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of planting date× variety interaction significantly affected tiller number per plant, seed number per panicle, number of days to physiological maturity, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein yield. Means comparison of simple effects showed that the highest of panicle number per m2 (736.97) obtained at planting date of June 2nd and highest 1000-seed weight (3 g) obtained at planting date of June 23rd. Also, the highest number of panicles per m2 (742.2) belonged to White Gavars and highest 1000-seed weight (4.2 g) to related to Pishahang varieties, respectively. Means comparison of simple effect showed that the highest seed and protein yields (323.2 and 37.1 g.m2) were obtained from Chomaki variety at planting date of June 2nd respectively, but the highest biological yield (1207.2 g.m2)belonged to Yellow Gavars variety at planting date of May 12rd. As a whole, results of this research showed that planting date of Jane 2nd for Chomaki variety and planting date of June 23rd for Yellow Gavars variety were found to be proper planting dates to grow these two varieties in Birjand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Improvement of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Replacing some of Nitrogen with Phosphorus under Moisture Stress
Farasat Sadeghi Mohammad Ali AboutalebianTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori MoreTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Alterations in acute phase proteins, hemogram and electrophoretic pattern of equine serum proteins following change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate
Rouhoullah Karampour Mohammad Razi Jalali mohammad rahim haji hajikalaei Alireza Ghadrdan mashhadiDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group o MoreDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group of serum proteins whose concentrations increase in response to infections, inflammation, trauma, and neoplasia. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the serum levels of serum biomarkers, fibrinogen and total protein concentration along with the nutritional behavior of horses during diet change. For this purpose, two types of diets, including forage (first treatment) and mixture of forage with concentrate (second treatment) were used for each horse for fifteen consecutive days. Complete blood cell counts as well as serum levels of fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid type A were measured before and after dietary changes. Serum fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid A levels were significantly increased in horses of the second treatment group compared to horses in the first treatment group (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in the complete blood cell count due to the change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate (p<0.05). It seems that changes in the natural flora of the horse's digestive tract following a change in diet can protect the animal's body against acute inflammatory and traumatic injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Statistical Study of Mashhad׳s Air Polluted Days
Tahereh Soltani Amir Gandomkar Hooshmand Ataei Abbas MofidiAbstract For a precise study of polluted days in terms of persistence and stability , this paper statistically studies the air pollution of Mashhad.The data related to the pollution was provided daily by environment department of Razavi Khorasan province from 2003 to 20 MoreAbstract For a precise study of polluted days in terms of persistence and stability , this paper statistically studies the air pollution of Mashhad.The data related to the pollution was provided daily by environment department of Razavi Khorasan province from 2003 to 2009. After collecting the data and specifying statistical period , the pollutants with the most impact on the air pollution of Mashhad ( carbon monoxide , nitrogen dioxide , sulfur dioxide , ozone and particulate matters ( PM10 ) were selected among these data for specifying air quality. Then , statistical analysis was made in order to specify persistence and number of the polluted days and finally , these results were obtained that the air pollution has been ranging from 2003 to 2009 with a reduction trend. In addition , during the desired period , particulate matters (PM10 ) had the maximum amount.The most polluted seasons of Mashhad are autumn and winter. In the terms of annual distribution , the year 2007 with 29 days had the maximum amount of pollution. December with 18 days has been specified as the most polluted and June the cleanest months of the year. In addition , after studying the number of polluted days with the persistence of two days and more , it was revealed that the years 2007 and 2008 were more significant in terms of persistence than the other years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Climatic Monitoring of Snow Days in Zahedan
sayyed mohammad hosseini abdolreza kashkiIn this regard, the present study investigated the climatic of the Zahedan snow days since 1976 over a period of 40 years. To achieve this goal, two databases were used. First databases; the present weather codes are related to the snow phenomenon, which was collected d MoreIn this regard, the present study investigated the climatic of the Zahedan snow days since 1976 over a period of 40 years. To achieve this goal, two databases were used. First databases; the present weather codes are related to the snow phenomenon, which was collected daily from the Meteorological Organization. The second database, relates to the daily data of sea level pressure and geopotential height in the troposphere from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). With Environmental to Circulation Technic and cluster analysis, weather patterns causing snow days, identified. The results of the analysis showed that, snowfall in Zahedan is concentrated in autumn and winter seasons (December, January, February and March). At sea level pressure, integration patterns of Siberian-Caspian high-pressure migrants with 32.5% and Siberian-Caucasian highs with 20%, play the most roles in snowfall event. Also in the middle troposphere, Turkmenistan's ridge and Blocks (cut-off high) account for 42.5% and the European omega block pattern accounts for 25% of the snowfall frequency. It seems that the simultaneous activity of atmospheric disturbances in the immigrant high pressure systems of the Siberian, European, Caucasian, Russian and Caspian, deep ridge polar latitudes and its extension to the lower latitudes, It will exacerbate showers and temperatures, cold weather and snowfall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis of the effect of drought phenomenon on dust events in different regions of Ghazvin province
Samira Zandifar mohammad khosroshahi Zohre Ebrahimi-KhusfiThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought on dust events in different cities of Qazvin province. Rainfall and temperature data were used to calculate the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and three-hourly dust events data wer MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought on dust events in different cities of Qazvin province. Rainfall and temperature data were used to calculate the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and three-hourly dust events data were used to calculate the number of dusty days in the study stations. Based on the Spearman correlation coefficient, the impact of dust events on the drought phenomenon was investigated by considering different time delays. The maximum correlation between SPEI and the number of dusty days in Ghazvin city without considering the time delay of -0.38 and at the level of 99%, was significant, indicating the simultaneous impact of dust events from the drought phenomenon in the center of the province. The results also showed that the response time of dust events to meteorological drought with a delay of one year in Moallem Kalayeh city is significant at 90% confidence level (r = -0.52). Meanwhile, in other cities of Ghazvin province, no significant relationship was observed between the two phenomena of dust occurrence and meteorological drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Intraction between East Khorasan Winds Regimes and Sistan 120 Days Winds
Mahmood Khosravi Abbas Mofidi Roya PoorkarimBrabadiThe main goal of this study is to investigate theinteractionbetween East Khorasan winds regimesand Sistan120 Days winds. The climatic data of Synoptic stations used in the present study was obtained fromkhorasan razavi, khorasan jonobi and sistan and baluchestan m MoreThe main goal of this study is to investigate theinteractionbetween East Khorasan winds regimesand Sistan120 Days winds. The climatic data of Synoptic stations used in the present study was obtained fromkhorasan razavi, khorasan jonobi and sistan and baluchestan meteorological organizations. The statistical period is from 2000 to 2011. To do synoptic analyses, the maps of sea level pressure, geopotential height of 850 Hectopascal level, wind direction and the relativevorticity were used. The sample extract form the daily wind velocity data base of Zabol station and include the fourteen days with the highest velocitywinds. The results shows that the wind direction in the Khorasan Razavi province is from north. while, the direction changes toward Northwest as it arrives to Sistan plain. This change in the direction of wind is due tothe topographyand geographical location of thearea. The geopotential height maps shown that the main reasons for the winds of 120 days are thecore ofthe highpressureonthe Caspian Sea and the core of the low pressure in Pakistan. Moreover, strengthening the low pressure intensifies the winds Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effect of silicon oxide and salicylic acid on yield, yield components, and some biochemical properties of Persian melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus)
mojtaba salahiostad malihe morshedloo Mohammad MoghaddamThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar MoreThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of salicylic acid at three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mM) and root drowning in the aqueous solution of silicon oxide at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 g/L). The measured traits were the number of days to flowering, average fruit weight, average fruit production per plant, fruit number per plant, final yield, total phenol, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. Results showed that the highest fruit yield, total carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were obtained in the interaction effect of 2 mM salicylic acid spray with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide application. The amount of proline and total phenol increased in 2 mM salicylic acid and 0.5 g/L silicon oxide treatment compared to control. In this experiment, foliar application of 2 mM salicylic acid with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide were superior to other treatments in the most measured traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Impact of the Thirty-three Days War on Iran's Regional Status
Nozar Shafiee Ahmad MoradiThe vast and all-out Isreal's invasion to Lebanon in June which lasted for thirty three days can be considered as a turning point in Arab- Isreaeli conflicts. This war which is actually the sixth war between the two nations is longer, unique, and outstanding in differen MoreThe vast and all-out Isreal's invasion to Lebanon in June which lasted for thirty three days can be considered as a turning point in Arab- Isreaeli conflicts. This war which is actually the sixth war between the two nations is longer, unique, and outstanding in different dimensions when compared with other previous of Israel wars. This is due to Isreal's unattainable predetermined goals before this heavy war and within US support. It is a clear example of a very severe repetition of failure in withdrawing from South of Lebanon in . In this way, the Islamic Resistance warriors defeated the great Isreal invasion and consequently the domestic equations in Lebanon, Isreal, and the region changed, and new and fundamental developments occurred. This war has had both military and political ties impact on Iran, a country which has had close spiritual and political ties with Hezbollah. The main focus of this study is to see the effects of this thirty three- days war on Iran's regional status. The results reveal that the positive effects of this war in different dimensions have led to strengthening and promoting Iran's status in both regional and international levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Trends in Reproductive Status of Holstein Dairy Herds in Iran
V. Zahedi س. زین الدینی ع.ر. یوسفی H. Baghshahi M. Moradi-Shahrbabak M. Zhandi M. Asad Rad A.A. Fouladi-Nashta -
Open Access Article
28 - Reproductive Performance of Friesian-Holstein Cows at Sebele Research Station in South Eastern Botswana
اُ.ر. مادیبلا و. ماهابیل -
Open Access Article
29 - Predicting of Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolyulus L.), Alkafaun (Fumaria vaillantii Lois) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) Seedling Emergence with using Thermal model in Karaj
Sajad Ilanloo Marjan Diyanat Mostafa Oveisi Fereidoon GhasekhanghajarPrediction of weed emergence timing would help reduce herbicide use through the optimization of the timing of weed control. In order to predict the emergence of wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolyulus L.), alkafaun (Fumaria vaillantii Lois) and Field bindweed (Convolvulus MorePrediction of weed emergence timing would help reduce herbicide use through the optimization of the timing of weed control. In order to predict the emergence of wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolyulus L.), alkafaun (Fumaria vaillantii Lois) and Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) by using the temperature model, an experiment was conducted at wheat field research of university of Tehran, Karaj during 2012-13. Based on the results, 50 percent of cumulative emergence of wild buckwheat were obtained in 75.21, 71.48 and 75.21 growing degree day at inner margin, center and outer margin of wheat field, respectively. The presence of wheat was not impressed the emergence of wild buckwheat. It was for that this weed was not required light for germination. Alkafaun emergence was happened at higher growing degree day at inner margin of field. Of course alkafaun had lower emergence per received GDD at outer margin in comparison with other parts of the field. Although emergence had lower slope per growing degree day at this part, but it was achieved to 50 percent cumulative emergence with lower received GDD. It was this time that 50 percent cumulative emergence of alkafaun achieved with 49.11 and 45.90 GDD at center and outer margin of field, respectively. Field bindweed was achieved to 50 percent of cumulative emergence with 158.98 and 150.60 growing degree day at inner margin and center of field. but there was no direct correlation between the number of weeds in the wild buckwheat seed bank and the number of seedlings were emerged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - ارائه یک مدل شبکه عصبی RBF برای پیشبینی روزهای کاری عملیات خاکورزی تولیدات محصولات
ارمغان کوثری مقدم عباس روحانی Lobat Kosari-Moghaddam مهدی اسماعیل پور تروجنیهدف از این مطالعه تعیین احتمال روزهای کاری (PWD) برای عملیات خاکورزی با استفاده از دادههای هواشناسی و به کمک روش مدلسازی رگرسیونی خطی چندگانه (MLR) و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی توابع پایهای شعاعی (RBF) بوده است. در هر دو مدل، هفت متغیر شامل دمای متوسط، بیشینه و کمینه، رطوبت نس Moreهدف از این مطالعه تعیین احتمال روزهای کاری (PWD) برای عملیات خاکورزی با استفاده از دادههای هواشناسی و به کمک روش مدلسازی رگرسیونی خطی چندگانه (MLR) و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی توابع پایهای شعاعی (RBF) بوده است. در هر دو مدل، هفت متغیر شامل دمای متوسط، بیشینه و کمینه، رطوبت نسبی، بارندگی، سرعت باد و تبخیر و تعرق بر پایه روزانه به عنوان پارامترهای ورودی در نظر گرفته شدند. احتمال روزهای کاری نیز به عنوان خروجی مدلهای ایجاد شده، در نظر گرفته شد. معیارهای عملکردی شامل مجذور مربعات خطا (RMSE)، میانگین درصد خطای مطلق (MAPE) و ضریب تبیین (R2) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر R2 برای مدلهای MLR و RBF به ترتیب برابر 78/0 و 99/0 بوده است. هر دو مدل عملکرد قابل قبولی داشتند؛ اما مدل RBF عملکرد دقیقتری نسبت به مدل MLR داشت. مقادیر RMSE و MAPE نیز برای مدل RBF کمتر از مدل MLR بدست آمد. بنابراین مدل RBF به عنوان بهترین مدل برای پیشبینی احتمال روزهای کاری انتخاب شد. علاوه بر این، نتایج این مدلها با یک مدل رطوبت خاک که پیشتر ارائه شده بود، مقایسه شد. نشان داده شد که نتایج مدلهای مورد مطالعه با نتایج مدل رطوبت خاک سازگاری خوبی داشته است، اگرچه که مدل RBF بالاترین ضریب تبیین را داشت (R2=99%). در نهایت میتوان بیان نمود که مدل RBF ایجاد شده میتواند برای پیشبینی احتمال روزهای کاری در راستای سیاستگذاریهای مدیریتی در بخش کشاورزی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Cash Flow Management and Financial Performance of Listed Companies on Tehran Stock Exchange
Fatemeh Sarraf Maryam SalehiThe purpose of current research is evaluating cash flow positions of a firm via composite measures and metrics such as Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO), Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Operating Cas MoreThe purpose of current research is evaluating cash flow positions of a firm via composite measures and metrics such as Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO), Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Operating Cash Cycle (OCC) and the effect of these changes on the firm financial performance. For this purpose, the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange have been investigated. In order to examining the relation between cash flow management and firm financial performance, linear regression have been utilized. In this research we use eight variables and this study attempts to address six hypotheses. The samples including 67 firms which are studied during 2009-2013 and consists of twenty periods of quarterly data. The findings indicates that there is a meaningful relation between Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO), Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Operating Cash Cycle (OCC) and financial performance, but there isn’t any meaningful relation between Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO) and firm financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Re-description of Spiritual Journey in Fictional Literature: (The Case Study: Tuesdays with Morrie)
Leila Hāshemiyān Nasrin NisiSpiritual journey (suluk) has been noticed in fictions from classic to modern age, and it has been put forward in all countries with different literary styles. Many books have paid attention to spiritual journey of man towards God and have re-described it. Tuesdays with MoreSpiritual journey (suluk) has been noticed in fictions from classic to modern age, and it has been put forward in all countries with different literary styles. Many books have paid attention to spiritual journey of man towards God and have re-described it. Tuesdays with Morrie, by American author Mitch Albom, is a story that entertains the levels of perfection in a real-fictional context. In the present article, by using descriptive and library methods, mystical motifs and topics that definitely are foundation of the process of a spiritual journey (suluk) are considered and compared with traditional mysticisms. We have come to the conclusion that the process of spiritual journey (suluk) has transformed in the mind of the author. The concepts, like old man, awakening and consciousness, have definite meaning in classic mysticism, but in the modern age, while keeping the same meanings, they have been presented in new form and style. In the present article, the stages of spiritual journey of the main character of the story have been classified, and it has been emphasized on capacities of contemporary fictional literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The synoptic comparison of severe dust storms in the spring and summer in north of Sistan and Baluchistan province
S. Barkhordar M. Moradi F. ArkianDust storm is one of the most important climate phenomena in the east of Iran. Because the soil type of this area is fine aggregate, the appropriate wind velocity causes to rise of the particles and when the wind speed exceed than the certain threshold, suitable situati MoreDust storm is one of the most important climate phenomena in the east of Iran. Because the soil type of this area is fine aggregate, the appropriate wind velocity causes to rise of the particles and when the wind speed exceed than the certain threshold, suitable situation for dust and sand storms would provide. In this article to investigate the mentioned phenomenon we analyzed synoptic data from meteorological station in Zabol for the 15-years period from 1995 to 2010. To analyze the dust storm, Horizontal visibility less than 1000 m was defined as the index. Based on this definition, two of the most severe dust storms in spring and summer were chosen and by using the Synoptic data archives NCEP/ NCAR, Synoptic and dynamic conditions of the dust storms were investigated. The results showed that in the summer due to the thermal low pressure system over Pakistan accompanied by cold air advection in the North East of Iran, Causing an Intensive pressure gradient creation in the region and conditions for wind, exceed than the threshold, would be provided. In spring the a baroclinic atmospheric system with low humidity, and Relatively severe cold air advection accompanied by a active cold front, cause increases in wind speed, reducing horizontal visibility and creating dust storms in the east region of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Violation of Humanitarian’s Law in the 33 days war according to International Regulations
Bijan Nayeri Alireza Motevalli Abstract After hostage-taking of two Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah forces, military of Zionist regime started an expanding attack on Lebanon from July 12, 2006. By this invasion, Israel ridiculed the human rights specially; conventions of Geneva, 1949 and its&r More Abstract After hostage-taking of two Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah forces, military of Zionist regime started an expanding attack on Lebanon from July 12, 2006. By this invasion, Israel ridiculed the human rights specially; conventions of Geneva, 1949 and its’ two affixed protocols and security councils’ treaty of united nation’s organization and didn’t notice them. Israel called this invasion as a kind of defense in order to justify it. The slaughter of hundreds of women and Childs who has no interferes in war and ruination of areas far from incident field and quarrel and other war crimes which Israel committed during one month, is an example of this regims’50 years’ patent defect of international law and human right which shows invalidity of international documents and forums. The 33days war which started with Israel invasion to Lebanon ,and ended with 1701 treaty confirmation of security council and accepting cease fire between Hezbollah and Israel, is able to be considered and analyzed. The defense operations and brilliant victory of Islamic resistance of Lebanon with Hezbollah leading against expanded and cruel invasion of Zionist regime, is an outstanding sample and rhetoric dispute in current age from the aspect of postmodernism innovation revolt of people against a regime which is armed and equipped with most advanced armament technology. A war which was supposed to be ended in a short time by victory of Zionist regime, became a great defeat of this regime and destabilized and shook the pillar of security doctrine and its’ war strategy of fast war. The 33 days war of Israel against Hezbollah was an important lesson which will be more effective on future wars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Impact of Sowing Date on Growth, Phenology and Yield of Three Ecotypes of Astragalus cyclophyllon G. Beek in Semirom Rangelands, Iran
Masoud Esmaeili Sharif Amir Hooshang Jalali Roja shabahang -
Open Access Article
36 - Impact of Regional Rangeland Cover Degradation on Increasing Dusty Days in West of Iran
Hamid Nouri mohamad faramarzi seyed hadi sadeghi -
Open Access Article
37 - Effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria on growth and yield of Seed tubers of Potato Cultivars Mini-tubers
mehdi panahyankivi yaghob raei null null Saeid Hokm AlipourIn order to investigate the effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of seed tubers of cultivation mini-tubers Potato, a Factorial experiment was caried out by based on complete randomized design at agriculurtal and natural re MoreIn order to investigate the effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of seed tubers of cultivation mini-tubers Potato, a Factorial experiment was caried out by based on complete randomized design at agriculurtal and natural resources research staition of Ardabil in 2016. The First factor included mini-tubers of three cultivars of potato: Agria, Khavaran, and Marfona:,The second factor included four treatments of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Azospirillum, Seudomonas and combination of two bacteria). Results showed that interaction of experimental factors was significant for all traits except biological yield and tuber diameter. Maximum of tuber yiled was observed in interaction effect of application of tow bacteria × cultivars. That did not have significant difference with cultivars of Agria and Khavaran. Maximum of number and weight of tuber were observed at Marfona×two bacteria. Maximum of tuber diameter was observed at Marfona. Maximum of plant height and number of main branch were observed at Agria, Khavaran and Azospirillum× Seudomonas bacteria. Maximium of biological yield was observed at combination of two bacteria. Minimum of this trait was observed in treatment without insemination. Maximum numbers of days to emergencation, number of days to stolon, formation, number of days to tuberization were obtined in Marfona and condition of application Azospirillum. Minimum of those traits were observed in Khavaran and condition whithout insemination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Efect of Adding Prebiotic, Synbiotic and Phytobiotic Supplements in the Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Some Blood Parameters of Fattening Zell Lambs
Mehdi Saravani Mohsen Hajipour Kaveh Jafari Khorshidi Seyed Makan Mousavi Kashani Parvin ShawrangIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male MoreIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male lambs with an avrage age of about 5 months and an avrage weight of 25.4±0.50 were used for 90 days. The experimental treatments included 1- control group (no supplement), 2- treatment containing 2 g of A-Max prebiotic supplement, 3- treatment containing 4 g of Biomin IMBO synbiotic supplement, and 4- treatment containing 6 g of Bioherbal phytobiotic supplement per head of lamb per day. The growth performance results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental treatments in the fattening weight, dry matter intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The highest weight at the end of the fattening period, dry matter intake and daily weight gain were observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 6 g of phytobiotic supplement had the lowest feed conversion ratio. The highest apparent digestibility of dry matter, NDF and ADF was observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement (p < 0.05). The results of some blood serum parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of glucose was in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement, the lowest concentration of cholesterol was in the treatment of 6 g of phytobiotic supplement. Blood urea nitrogen had the lowest concentration in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 4 g of synbiotic supplement had the highest hot carcass weight, hot carcass percentage, cold carcass weight, cold carcass percentage, thigh percentage and shoulder percentage (p < 0.05). The present research showed that the addition of 4 g of synbiotic supplement in the diet improved the growth performance, valuable parts of the carcass and the apparent digestibility of nutrients in fattening lambs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Detection of the first frost of autumn and the last frost of spring with the climate change approach at Gorgan synoptic station
Hossein Imani Pour Abdolreza Kashki mina firoozyazdiChanges in the history of the first frost of autumn and the last frost in the spring could be a serious threat to gardeners and farmers. The purpose of this study is to know how this change will be in the future period (2015-2068) compared to the base period (1961-2014) MoreChanges in the history of the first frost of autumn and the last frost in the spring could be a serious threat to gardeners and farmers. The purpose of this study is to know how this change will be in the future period (2015-2068) compared to the base period (1961-2014) at Gorgan Station. For this purpose, daily data of the Gorgan Minimum Temperature Station was obtained at the observation period from the Golestan Meteorological Office. Then NCEP data, CanESM_RCP_26, RCP_45, RCP 85 were downloaded from Canada's Climate Change site, and using SDSM software, the minimum temperature data for the next period was generated for the three scenarios. Then, the date of the beginning and the end of the glacial to date of Julius was calculated and fitted with SMADA software with different statistical distributions and, using more suitable distributions, the probability of occurrence of freezing days was calculated. The results of this study indicate that the glacial period in the observation period is 75 days. it is also 46 days for the upcoming period in the optimistic scenario. It includes 39 days in the intermediate period and 31 days in the pessimistic scenario, which results in a significant decrease in the duration of the ice period and the increase of the period Growth of plants in the course of the future, which requires more vigilance of planners to deal with the destructive effects of climate change. Manuscript profile
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