attribution

Open Access Article

1 - Politics of Performance Appraisal Effects: A Study of Aviation Industry of Islamabad
H. Naseer M. Ahmad

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Open Access Article

2 - Conception and Elements of Islamic Rule in Comparison with Legal Rule
Jalil Omidi

Rule is a proposition having a general subject and a provision that it rules all of its applied meaning. As a general state, rule is dividable to three types: rational, natural and enacted rule. As a category of the enacted rule, the Islamic rule is a general propositio More

Rule is a proposition having a general subject and a provision that it rules all of its applied meaning. As a general state, rule is dividable to three types: rational, natural and enacted rule. As a category of the enacted rule, the Islamic rule is a general proposition that has been extracted from Al-Shara, containing a provision governing the people behaviors and factual happenings. This rule is basically divided to principle and jurisprudential rule. Islamic rule has three elements: Subject, provision and attribution. Subject is both of fully responsible person and his/her act; provision is the legal description of behaviors and what has named causation condition, hindrance (al-sabab, al-shart, al-manea ) and validity or nullity ( al-sehhah or al-botlan). Finally attribution   is a relation between the subject and the provision. Islamic rule has the same qualities as legal rules. Such as: generality, compulsory and having sanctioned. However, there is some deference between these two rules in regard to their sanctions and scope of jurisdiction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Effect of Counseling Approach Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Amount of Marital Attributions and Marital Satisfaction in Women Admitted to Isfahan Cultural Centers
raheleh sobouhi maryam fatehizade ahmad ahmadi ozra etemadi

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment therapy on amount of marital attributions and marital satisfaction in women. This was a quasi-exrimental study with pretest-posttest design and a contr More

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment therapy on amount of marital attributions and marital satisfaction in women. This was a quasi-exrimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group.The population included women admitted to Isfahan cultural centers in 2014 Then, 30 women were selected through available sampling and were randomly placed into two experimental and control groups.Experimental group received counseling based on ACT that involved 10 sessions, lasting 2 hours each. Questionnaire was marital attribution Bradbury & Fincham (1992) and Enrich questionnaire and data were analyzed by covariance test. The results showed that counseling approach based on ACT,on overal marital attribution(P <0/01) and its dimensions suchEvidence of stable and unstable (P <0/01), general and specific attribution (P<0/01) and reprehensible –forgiveness attribution (P<0/01) and the attribution of intentional and unintentional (P<0/01) has been effective but in its internal and external dimensions of attribution, internal and external attribution to the spouseAnd attribution selfish and altruistic is not effective and not cause a significant difference.The counseling approach based on ACT, is significantly affected onmarital satisfactionandits dimensions (satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, distortionideal) (P<0/01). Therefore, the study concluded that counseling aproach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can improve marital attribution and marital satisfaction.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Attribution Training, Metaphor Training, and Attribution/metaphor Training on Optimism of School Students
galavizh alizade rasool kord noghabi najme nazari

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attribution training, metaphor training, and attribution/metaphor training on students optimism . This semi- experimental study was conducted with pretest - posttest and control group. Statistical populatio More

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attribution training, metaphor training, and attribution/metaphor training on students optimism . This semi- experimental study was conducted with pretest - posttest and control group. Statistical population included all first grade state and day high school girl students in Hamadan in the academic year 2010-11 (1389-90s.c.) and the sampling method was multistage cluster sampling. The sample was comprised of 96 students and subjects were randomly assigned into the four groups of 24 persons each (3 experimental grups and 1 control group). The research instrument was the Optimism Questionnair (Oleary & Fincham, 2000). Experimental treatment was conducted on the experimental groups during 10 sessions and then posttests were administrated on the 4groups. Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way analysis of variance and LSD test using SPSS-16 software. Results showed that there is a difference among all methods effectiveness except metaphor effectiveness as compared with attribution and attribution effectiveness as compared with control, on improving optimism in the first grade high school girl students (P < 0.001). Also, when the effectiveness of these three methods were compared, it was found out that the most effective methods were metaphor / attribution, metaphor and attribution respectively. These findings show that metaphor training and attribution/ metaphor training leads to optimism improve students. Therefore using new training such as metaphor and attribution/metaphor can reduce the current and future difficulties of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Comparison Between Personality Traits and Attribution Styles of Normal Couples and Divorce Petitioners
behzad behrouz Farhnaz Mohammadi shahram alihabadi Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Nasrin Haidarizadeh behrouz behrouz

The aim of the present study was to compare personality characteristics and attribution styles of normal couples and those petitioning divorce. The sample size included one hundred of 23-55 year-old men and women (25 normal couples from the employees of Justice Office a More

The aim of the present study was to compare personality characteristics and attribution styles of normal couples and those petitioning divorce. The sample size included one hundred of 23-55 year-old men and women (25 normal couples from the employees of Justice Office and 25 divorce petitioners referring to justice Office of Kermanshah in (2010-2011) who were selected by available sampling method. To collect the data the short form of Questionnaire Five Factors of Personality (NEO-FFI) as well as Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ) were used. This research is a survey, causal– comparative study By applying the analysis of covariance , it was found that normal couples use stable and specific attribution style and divorce petitioners use general and unstable attribution style. But there is no significant difference between inner-outer attribution styles of the two groups. Also the results showed that there is a negative relationship between neuroticism and marital satisfaction (P < 0.01) and openness (P < 0.03) but agreeableness (P < 0.02) have positive relationships with marital satisfaction. There were significant differences between two groups of normal couples and divorce petitioners regarding the application of attribution styles and personality characteristics (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effectiveness of attributional retraining on mental health of male middle school students with divorced parents
Milad Qorbani Vanajemi javad ejei Masoud Gholamali-Lavasani

10.30486/jsrp.2019.663539

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attributional retraining on mental health of children of divorced parents. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test and control group. The population included male children o More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attributional retraining on mental health of children of divorced parents. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test and control group. The population included male children of divorced parents who studied in middle schools in Sari (2016). The sample comprised of 34 individuals who were selected through convenience sampling method, and assigned into two groups of 17 (experimental and control groups). Both groups completed General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Then, the experimental group received attributional retraining educational package for 11 sessions of 45-minutes. After the intervention, both groups were assessed once more. The data were analysed through multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings demonstrated that attributional retraining significantly improves all components of mental health (psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety, social functioning problems, and depression symptoms) in the experimental group members. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The effect of attributional styles and cognitive errors on suicidal attitudes among 15-35 years old educated youth referring to mental health centers
Arezo Abdi dorbash faeze sohrabi

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1914660.2708

The aim of this study was the determination of the effect of attributional styles and cognitive errors on suicidal tendency among 15-35 years old educated youth referring to Tekab mental health centers. The research method in this study was descriptive-correlational typ More

The aim of this study was the determination of the effect of attributional styles and cognitive errors on suicidal tendency among 15-35 years old educated youth referring to Tekab mental health centers. The research method in this study was descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of the study was all educated young people (from diploma to master of science degree) in the range of 20 to 35 years referring to the mental health centers of Takab health network that participated in screening plan in 2020. 255 cases were selected using the Cochran's sampling volume determination formula by simple random sampling method. Data were collected by using Cognitive Error Questionnaire (2001), Seligman's documentary styles Questionnaire (1983) and Orbach Suicide scale (1981).The results of the hypotheses test by regression method showed that attributional styles and cognitive errors can explain respectively 0/163 and 0/348 from the variance of suicidal tendencies among youth referring to mental health centers in Tekab city health network (p<0/05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Mystical Linguistics of the Quran from Ibn Arabi’s Viewpoint and its Comparison with Allameh Tabatabaei’s Perspectives
Masood Hajrabi

This paper deals with Ibn Arabi’s viewpoint and Allameh Tabatabaei’s perspectives over the language of religion and the comparison of their viewpoints. In mysticism, it is not possible to possess the apparent language of revelation books. Ibn Arabi views the More

This paper deals with Ibn Arabi’s viewpoint and Allameh Tabatabaei’s perspectives over the language of religion and the comparison of their viewpoints. In mysticism, it is not possible to possess the apparent language of revelation books. Ibn Arabi views the nature of divine language based on which he believes that revelation book is in apparent language. Allameh believes in apparent language and quite contrary to Ibn Arabi, his theory is in the field of the Quran and Islam. In this paper, we would like to extract the fundamental theories of Ibn Arabi and Allameh Tabatabaei in their works. This paper aims at two purposes. First, organizing Ibn Arabi’s and Allameh’s viewpoints in the Quranic language, and then expanding their thinking through presenting new issues over their viewpoints or matching their standpoints on one another. The methodology used in this paper involves a combination of quotations and mystical rational analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Reflection of Manifestation of Beauty and Glory of the Almighty in Shahryar's Works
Leila Zare Salmasi

Reflection of the Lord's absolut nature and its various types in his awesome name and his glories and beauties like gnostic thought of unity of essence is among important gnostic topics which through Ibn-Arabi's theosophical school , is widely reflected in mystic poets. More

Reflection of the Lord's absolut nature and its various types in his awesome name and his glories and beauties like gnostic thought of unity of essence is among important gnostic topics which through Ibn-Arabi's theosophical school , is widely reflected in mystic poets.it is also widely illustrated in Shahryar's poetry due to his former counterparts specially Hafiz- he was totally influenced by Hafiz's romantic-mystic thoughts which is in the form of delicate and tough figure of beloved one and in literary form (romantic-mystic)and also mythical , historical , story , religious and others , each one a type of realization of almighty Lord's attribution of his names and internal and external beauties.it is impossible to find an ode by Shahryar without any reference to the Almighty's attributions .the present paper is an attempt to discuss Shahryar's poetry in this regard along with some evidence from other mystic poets                                                            Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - اهمال کاری تحصیلی از دیدگاه تئوری انتساب: یک مرور کلی
Mehdi Haseli Songhori Kimiya Salamati

10.30495/jntell.2023.1986521.1065

اهمال کاری تحصیلی یک مشکل رایج در بین دانشجویان است که با پیامدهای منفی مرتبط است. تاریخچه آن به دوران باستان باز می گردد، اما در دوران معاصر به دلیل تاکید بر زمان و کارایی بیشتر رواج یافته است. اهمال کاری تحصیلی نوع خاصی از اهمال کاری است که به دلیل حجم زیاد تکالیف و ض More

اهمال کاری تحصیلی یک مشکل رایج در بین دانشجویان است که با پیامدهای منفی مرتبط است. تاریخچه آن به دوران باستان باز می گردد، اما در دوران معاصر به دلیل تاکید بر زمان و کارایی بیشتر رواج یافته است. اهمال کاری تحصیلی نوع خاصی از اهمال کاری است که به دلیل حجم زیاد تکالیف و ضرب الاجل در زمینه های تحصیلی در بین دانشجویان رایج است. نظریه انتساب یک چارچوب روان‌شناختی است که می‌تواند به ما کمک کند تا بفهمیم دانشجویان چگونه رفتار اهمال‌کاری خود و عواملی که به آن کمک می‌کنند را توضیح می‌دهند . اهمال کاری تحصیلی این سه بعد را شامل می شود: منبع کنترل، ثبات و کنترل پذیری. هر یک از ابعاد بر رفتار آینده افراد تأثیر می گذارد، از جمله اینکه آیا آنها یک کار را به تعویق می اندازند یا کامل می کنند. می توان پیش بینی کرد که افرادی که تمایل به اهمال کاری تحصیلی دارند ممکن است وظایف تحصیلی خود را به منبع کنترل بیرونی، علل پایدار و عواملی که خارج از کنترل آنها است نسبت دهند. در مقابل، افرادی که اهمال کاری نمی کنند احتمالاً وظایف تحصیلی خود را به منبع کنترل درونی، علل ناپایدار و عواملی که در کنترل آنها است نسبت می دهند. درک این نظریه ها می تواند به اساتید و دانشجویان کمک کند تا راهبردهایی برای غلبه بر اهمال کاری و بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی ایجاد کنند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Proposing Causal Model of Adjustment to Cancer Based on Attachment Styles and Mediating of Causal Attribution Styles in Women with Cancer
Moharram Fathollahi Anvigh Ali Khademi Mahin Etemadinia Ali Shaker Dolagh

The purpose of this research was to propose the causal model of adjustment to cancer based on attachment styles and mediating of causal attribution styles in women with cancer. Statistical population Included women with cancer in Urmia that were treated during the first More

The purpose of this research was to propose the causal model of adjustment to cancer based on attachment styles and mediating of causal attribution styles in women with cancer. Statistical population Included women with cancer in Urmia that were treated during the first six months of 2019. 360 patients were selected as sample by using purposive sampling procedure. The research design was a correlation of structural equations. Three questionnaires of Adult Attachment Styles (1987), Causal Attribution Styles (1983) and Mental Adjustment to Cancer (1989) were implemented to collect data. The data was analyzed via Partial Least Squares method for structural equation modeling and PLS software. The research results indicated direct and significant relationship between attachment and causal attribution styles and significant direct and indirect relationships between attachment styles and psychological adjustment to cancer(p < 001). Also, a significant direct relationship and effect was observed between causal attribution styles and psychological adjustment to cancer(p < 001). The overall result of the research showed that the model had the ability to predict and optimum goodness of fit and was well constructed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Relation of Attribution Style and NEO Five Personality Factors with Marital Satisfaction among Female Nurses in Ilam City
parviz askary فریبا Hafezi ثریا Jamshidi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attribution styles and NEO five personality factors with marital satisfaction among female nurses in Ilam City. In this research 135 married female nurses were considered as samples. The tools used in More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attribution styles and NEO five personality factors with marital satisfaction among female nurses in Ilam City. In this research 135 married female nurses were considered as samples. The tools used in this study were such as: Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ), NEO personality questionnaire, Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH). Multi –variable regression and Pearson coefficient at P<%5 level used to analyze data. Results showed that, there were no significant correlation among positive and negative attribution style and its dimensions, openness in experience and conscientiousness with marital satisfaction. There were significant relations among neuroticism, extroversion and agreeableness with marital satisfaction. Among positive and negative attribution style variables, personality variables that identified as predictor variables, agreeableness and extroversion were the best predictting variables for marital satisfaction.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The effect of education on depression attribution retraining primary school students
saeedeh sadeghinezhad saeed bakhtiarpoor alireza heydari behnam makvandi

The purpose of this study was attribution retraining on depression in primary school students. Methods: This research is a field-tested method of pretest - posttest, and follow-up with the control group. The research tools Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) Maria Kov More

The purpose of this study was attribution retraining on depression in primary school students. Methods: This research is a field-tested method of pretest - posttest, and follow-up with the control group. The research tools Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) Maria Kovacs (1981), The population included all female students (n = 3672) were the sixth grade of elementary schools in Dezful, that between them 300 persons for the academic year 95-1394 depression were referred to the school counselor, And after the review and implementation on this group depression questionnaire, results showed that 30 of their depression score one standard deviation above the mean Which were sampled by purposive sampling and randomly assigned 15 patients in the experimental group and 15 in the control group were assigned Results: The results showed that determination casting skills on the depression test (p = 0/033 and df = 21/65 and t = -5/93) in (p<0.01) is significant. attribution retraining as well as skills training on depression at follow-up (p = 0.039 and df = 22/25 and t = -4/70) in (p < 0.01) is significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - On the Relationship of Religious Identity and Attribution Factors with Self-esteem for English-Major University Students
Gholam Reza Kazemy Ghasem Modarresi Seyyed Jamal Attari

10.30495/educ.2022.1904565.2484

The present study aimed at examining the association of religious identity and attribution factors with self-esteem for English language learners. The study adopted a quantitatively dominant sequential mixed-methods research. A sample of 45 students majoring in English More

The present study aimed at examining the association of religious identity and attribution factors with self-esteem for English language learners. The study adopted a quantitatively dominant sequential mixed-methods research. A sample of 45 students majoring in English language and a pool of 20 experts in psychology and language from different Universities participated in the qualitative phase of the study based on data saturation method. The data collection procedure in the qualitative methods included semi-structured interview method. The qualitative phase of the study, after determining the inter-rater reliability of the data yielded 14 common codes. Moreover, a sample of 163 students majoring in English language from different Universities participated in the quantitative phase of the study based on availability sampling. The data were collected by means of the newly-developed religious identity questionnaire, attribution questionnaire, and self-esteem questionnaire. To develop and validate the questionnaire of religious identity, the researchers employed Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling by means of SPSS Version 22 and Amos 20. Cronbach Alpha estimated the internal consistency of the whole items including 34 items as 0.82. The validated questionnaire composed of four factors including Ideal Religious Identity, Real Religious Identity, Ought to Religious Identity and Feared Religious Identity. Following this, the results of Pearson Correlation Coefficient confirmed that the relationship between religious identity and attributions with self-esteem was significantly positive and large for EFL learners. Religious values act as assistance for learners to exert more effort in the face of possible failure and indeed, small success increases self-esteem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - An investigation of the relationship between tenacity and attributional style with problem-solving coping strategy and mental health
ebrahim alizadeh hasan ahadi farhad jamhari reza karaminiya

The aim of the present study was to investigate the interrelations among hardiness and attributional styles in predicting coping strategies and mental health. Participants were 361 (195 males, 166 females) college students aged 19 to 49(M age=26.81 years, SD=6.42). Main More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the interrelations among hardiness and attributional styles in predicting coping strategies and mental health. Participants were 361 (195 males, 166 females) college students aged 19 to 49(M age=26.81 years, SD=6.42). Main results were as follows;(a) Hardiness and optimistic attributional style were significant predictors of mental health (b) Hardiness and attributional styles explained significant proportion of variance in problem focused coping, and semipartial correlations have shown that optimistic attributional style is more important predictor of intensity of problem focused coping comparing with the two other variables (hardiness and pessimistic attributional style); (c) Pessimistic attributional style and hardiness were contributed significantly to the prediction of emotion focused coping. In this study, optimistic attributional style did not show any significant contribution to the prediction of emotion focused coping. The findings have implications for all professionals and scholars interested in stress reduction and mental health enhancment among college student population. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The investigation of Efficacy of assertive training skills on students attributional style and depression
hasan nozandeh jani naghmeh bagheri masoumeh hemati

This clinical trial is a quasi-empirical study. Statistical universe included all students of human sciences courses at Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch. The sample of this research was 100 students that were chosen randomly. Attributive style and depression te More

This clinical trial is a quasi-empirical study. Statistical universe included all students of human sciences courses at Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch. The sample of this research was 100 students that were chosen randomly. Attributive style and depression tests were data collection tools. Training sessions were held for experiment group during fifteen 1.5-2 hour sessions. In the end of training period and 2 months after it, both groups again were assessed by the same tests (post-test and follow up test). The results showed the effectiveness of self-assertion trainings on decreasing depression and change of attributive style of subjects. (p<0.05). Therefore, it could said that the self-assertion cognitive-behavioral trainings are structured interventional Strategies that affect on attributional style modification and mood improvements Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Predict Depression in College Students through Attributional Style and Religious Orientation
Mina Mojtabaie Nahid Takafou

This study aimed to predict depression in college students through attributional style and religious orientation. In this correlational research, 200 students were selected among all undergraduate students from Azad Medical University of Tehran using multi-stage samplin More

This study aimed to predict depression in college students through attributional style and religious orientation. In this correlational research, 200 students were selected among all undergraduate students from Azad Medical University of Tehran using multi-stage sampling method. Then the subjects were examined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Allport's religious orientation questionnaires and Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Data were analyzed using pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, multivariable analyze of variance and t-tests. The results showed that intrinsic attributional style and table attributional style in negative events were predictors of significant and positive depression. Intrinsic religious orientation was significant negative predictor of and depression. In addition, independent t-test showed that religious affiliation in females was significantly more than males. In addition, depression scores in females were significantly higher than that of males; furthermore, the difference between mean scores of intrinsic, global and stable attributional styles in positive and negative events simultaneously between females and males was not significant. The results imply that attributional style and religious orientation are of the most effective predictors of depression. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Role of Attribution Styles and Parenting Styles in Predicting Conduct Disorders Mediated by Executive Function in Junior High School Students
neda hoseinlou mehran soleimani reza ghorbanjahromi

10.30495/jinev.2022.1955218.2688

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and attribution styles in predicting conduct disorders mediated by executive function in junior high school students. The statistical population included all high school students in Khoy in the ac More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and attribution styles in predicting conduct disorders mediated by executive function in junior high school students. The statistical population included all high school students in Khoy in the academic year 2019-2020, from which after estimating the sample size using krejcie -Morgan table and multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 400 people were selected. The sampling method was Multi-stage random. In order to collect information, Aachenbach's Child Behavior Inventory (parents' version (2007)), Baumrind (1971) Parenting Styles Questionnaire and Patterson et al.'s (1982) Attribution Styles Questionnaire were used. Structural equation model in Smart-PLS3 and SPSS-25 software was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that the three values of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.36 as weak, medium and strong values for GOF, showed a good fit of the proposed model. The results also showed positive attribution style with impact factor (-0.202), Permissive Parenting style with impact factor (0.338), Authoritative Parenting style with impact factor (-0.432) and Defects in executive function with impact factor (0.363) had a direct effect on conduct disorder. Considering the effect of Parenting Styles, Attribution Styles and Defects in executive function on Conduct disorder, it is suggested that more research be done to identify more about the mentioned factors and workshops be held for parents on the importance of this issue Manuscript profile

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19 - The Relationship Among Iranian EFL Teachers’ Attributional Styles, Decision-Making Types, and Teaching Effectiveness: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Zahra Bayani Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Ghasem Barani Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei

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20 - Examining the affiliation of payment to one of several religions owed in jurisprudence and law
Muhammad Ali Saeidi Ali Reza Omidian Hamed Noori

One way to break obligations is to fulfill them. In jurisprudence and law, various issues have been raised about performance, but the issue that comes to mind is that if a debtor pays one of his various debts to the creditor, but does not specify which religion the paym More

One way to break obligations is to fulfill them. In jurisprudence and law, various issues have been raised about performance, but the issue that comes to mind is that if a debtor pays one of his various debts to the creditor, but does not specify which religion the payment belongs to, ask Which religion is paid for? Article 282 of the Civil Code briefly answers this question and gives the debtor the authority to assign the payment. But this article is concise in the sense that if the debtor does not use such an option, what is the obligation? The summary of this article has caused controversy among lawyers. This article is adapted from the laws of French law and this difference is also seen in jurisprudence and each of the jurists has a different view in this regard. Well-known Imami jurists believe in the issue of the authority to choose the assignment of a debtor even if he does not choose payment during the payment, and apparently Article 282 of the Civil Code has been approved on this basis. It seems that a comprehensive criterion can not be provided in this regard, and in each case, the UAE and the prevailing evidence must be considered. In this research, we intend to study this issue in Imami jurisprudence and law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Relationship Between Attributional Styles and Achievement Motivation with Academic Achievement Among Students in Secondary School Majoring in Mathematic Sciences
Mehrnaz Shahraray Valliolah Farzad Alireza Zara-ee

A random sample of 380 high school students (170 females and 210 males) completed the Academic Motivation Scale and the Attributional styles Questionnaire in order to examine the relationship between academic achievement motivation, attributional styles and academic ach More

A random sample of 380 high school students (170 females and 210 males) completed the Academic Motivation Scale and the Attributional styles Questionnaire in order to examine the relationship between academic achievement motivation, attributional styles and academic achievement. Data related to academic achieve - ment (Grade Point Average “GPA”, Mathematic and literature grades) were extracted from students’ report cards. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between achievement motivation scores and academic achievement in female and male students. No reliable relationship was found between academic achievement and attributional styles concerning good and bad events in internal-external, global-specific and stable- unstable dimensions. However, a positive and significant correlation was found between achievement motivation and attributional styles concerning bad and good events in internalexternal, global-specific and stable-unstable dimensions in female and male students. A negative and significant correlation was found between achievement motivation and attributional style concerning bad events in the internal-external dimension. No relationship was found between achievement motivation and attributional styles concerning bad events in stable-unstable and global-specific dimension Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Stability of Moral Emotion Attribution after Recall in Children: Happy Victimizer
Hamed Moslehi Shole Amiri

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of recall on moral emotional attribution change. In the base of available sampling method, the participants were 139 boys from six to ten years old from academic, sport, and religious classes and clubs in Isfahan. D More

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of recall on moral emotional attribution change. In the base of available sampling method, the participants were 139 boys from six to ten years old from academic, sport, and religious classes and clubs in Isfahan. Data were collected through two moral scenarios of Pushing (Nunner-Winkler & Sodian, 1988) and Stealing (Arsenio & Kramer, 1992) and interview with children and then analyzed by Chi Squire and Z- Test of paired ratios difference. Results indicated that recall changed moral emotional attributions from happiness to sadness. Thus, happy victimizer children respond based on emotional reaction, but recall helped them use the excellent self. This content has a special place in Islamic perspectives and children used it to be oriented from happiness to sadness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The mediating role of causal attributions on the relationship between perfectionism and academic well-being among gifted adolescents
Mojtaba Malek Jafarian Omid Shokri Masoud Sharifi

This study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) resp More

This study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) responded to the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (MPCI), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the School Engagement Inventory (SEI) and the School Burnout Inventory (SBI). Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to assess causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. Results indicated that for total sampel and for male and female gifted students, the partially mediated model of positive and negative causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being had good fit to data. The results of the group specificity of structural relations showed that the relationship between perfectionism, causal attributins and academic well-being were equivalent for both groups. Furthermore, all of the regression weights in the hypothesized model were statistically significant and model' predictors accounted for 41% and 32% of the variance in academic engagement and academic burnout, respectively. In sum, these findings show that the positive and negative perfectionism affect academic well-being of male and femle gifted students through affecting on adaptive and nonadaptive causal attributions.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The effectivness of learning strategise and attribution retraining instruction methods on mathematical problem solving in intellectually disabled students
Mohammad Ashouri Masoumeh Pourmohamad R. Tajrish Seyyede Somayeh J. Abkenar Jamal Ashouri

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of learning strategies and attribution retraining instructions methods on the mathematical problem-solving in male students with intellectual disability. Forty five students in grade eight were selected from int More

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of learning strategies and attribution retraining instructions methods on the mathematical problem-solving in male students with intellectual disability. Forty five students in grade eight were selected from intellectually disabled schools of Tehran Province using cluster random sampling method. The Participants were assigned equally to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The research design was pretest-posttest control group. One of the experimental groups received eight sessions (45 minutes a session) of learning strategies (Bashavard, 2000) and the other attribution retraining (Golparvar, 2009). To assess the mathematical problem-solving performances and the intelligence quotients, a teacher-made Mathematical Problem-Solving Test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale Wechsler, 1986) were used, respectively. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and Tukey test. Results indicated that there were significant differences between the mean of mathematical performance of two experimental groups, and between attribution retraining and control groups. It can be concluded that learning strategies method improved students’ performance in mathematical problemsolving more in comparison to attribution retraining method.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - the effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities
Marziyeh Yahyaee Masoume Pourmohamad Reza-Tajrishi Firouzeh Sajedi Akbar Biglarian

this study aimed to determine the effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities in city of Tehran. In this semi-experimental study, 36 students (27 males, 9 females) were selected. The sample was partly a convenient More

this study aimed to determine the effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities in city of Tehran. In this semi-experimental study, 36 students (27 males, 9 females) were selected. The sample was partly a convenient and partly a selective sampling procedure from centers for learning disorders located in Tehran 6th district between 2012-2013 academic year. The students of each center were assigned randomly and equally to either experimental or control groups. All students completed the Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory (1977) before and after training intervention. The experimental group received eleven group sessions of attribution retraining program twice a week. Each session lasts for 45 minutes. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and analysis of covariance. The results indicated that attribution retraining program significantly decreased the depression scores of students with learning disabilities. It is concluded that attribution retraining group program may reduce the symptoms of depression of students with learning disabilities.        Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Mediating Role of Achievement Emotions in the Relationship Between Causal Attribution and Academic Burnout
Fariborz Geravand Khadijeh Abolmaali Alireza Kiamanesh Hamzeh Ganji

This study examined the mediating effect of achievement emotions on the relationship between casual attributions and academic burnout among university students. The method of the current study was descriptive-correlation.  Four hundred and forty six university stud More

This study examined the mediating effect of achievement emotions on the relationship between casual attributions and academic burnout among university students. The method of the current study was descriptive-correlation.  Four hundred and forty six university students (201 females, 245 males) were selected using a multistage random sampling method. The participants completed the Class-Related Achievement Emotions-Short Form (CRE-SF; Geravand et al, 2016), the Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Peterson et al. 1982) and the School Burnout Inventory (SBI; Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen & Nurmi, 2009). The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the partially mediated model of achievement emotions on the relationship between casual attrition patterns and academic burnout had acceptable fit to data. Furthermore, all of the regression weights in the hypothesized model were statistically significant and predictors of the model accounted for 57% and 60% variances of positive and negative achievement emotions, respectively, and 63% variances of academic burnout. The results of the current study supported the role of casual attributions in predicting learners' academic burnout. The findings suggested that the part of common variance between casual attributions and academic burnout were resulted from variability in numerical values attributed to mediating factors in the proposed model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The Effectiveness of the Enrichment of Interpersonal Relationship Skills Program on Causal Attributions, Interpersonal Conflict Solution Strategies, Cognitive Coping Skills and Perceived Positive Relations with Others
Omid shokri Hosien Pourshahriar

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program on university students’ causal attributions, interpersonal conflict solution strategies, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and perception of More

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program on university students’ causal attributions, interpersonal conflict solution strategies, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and perception of positive relations with others. In this experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design and follow up stage, 72 students participated, 40 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group. The participants completed the Attribution Style  Questionnaire (ASQ; Peterson & et al., 1982), the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI; Kurdek, 1994), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-SF; Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001), and the Positive Relationships with Others Scale (PROS; Ryff, 1989). The experimental group received 10 sessions of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program (1 hour a session). The results of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis indicated that enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program was effective in increasing positive causal attributions, positive problem solving strategy, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and positive relations with others and in decreasing negative causal attributions, non-adaptive interpersonal conflict solution styles and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in short term and long term. The findings suggest that enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program may result in mental immunization in students through increasing positive thinking strategies, adaptive emotional management skills and interpersonal relationships skills enrichment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Attributional style retraining and marital satisfaction among iranian couples
Marzieh Ghoreishian Hamid T. Neshat Doust Hossein Molavi

To study the efficacy of attributional style retraining for increasing couples’ marital satisfaction, 20 Iranian couples from the city of Isfahan’s Center for Family Counseling and Intervention, were nonrandomly selected and assigned into an experimental and More

To study the efficacy of attributional style retraining for increasing couples’ marital satisfaction, 20 Iranian couples from the city of Isfahan’s Center for Family Counseling and Intervention, were nonrandomly selected and assigned into an experimental and a witness group. The experimental group received a weekly session of attributional style retraining for 7 weeks; the witness group received nothing. The Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Olson, Fournier, Druckman, Cubbin, Barnes, 1989) was administered three times: before training started, soon after termination of training, and 2 months after termination of training. MANCOVA outcomes showed that attributional style retraining significantly (p=0.001) increased marital satisfaction. Findings are discussed based on the role of attributional style retraining in increasing the positive and reducing the negative interactions in couples.      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind:a study of false belief attribution to human .god,angel and magician
Roshanak Nickpour Bahram Joukar

This study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and ki More

This study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and kindergartens. Two Tasks of False Beliefs (Doll House Task; Surprising Content Task) were administered individually to each child. The prediction of agents' behaviors was examined based on false beliefs. Results indicated that children predicted the behavior of magician (a non-human agent) similar to human agent. However, the results of other non-human agentsangel and God) were not consistent with those of Magician. In other words, according to children's views, these agents behave with the least false beliefs. In general, the results indicated that as the age increased, children predicted agent and non-agent behaviors in different ways. It is suggested that culture and family messages have considerable roles in predicting and distinguishing agents' behaviors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The Role of Perceived Childhood Attachment, Family Functioning and Attributional Styles in Social Anxiety
Somaie Khorashadizadeh Fatemeh Shahabizadeh Reza Dastjerdi

This study examined the role that perceived childhood attachment, family functioning and attributional styles have in college students' social anxiety. 700 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling from Azad and Payam-e-Noor universities of Birjand city. Par More

This study examined the role that perceived childhood attachment, family functioning and attributional styles have in college students' social anxiety. 700 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling from Azad and Payam-e-Noor universities of Birjand city. Participants completed Measures of Childhood Attachment to Each Parent (Hazan & Shaver, 1986), The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (Olson, Portner & Lavee, 1985), Attribution Styles Questionnaire (Peterson & Seligman, 1984) and Social Anxiety Scale (Watson & Friend, 1969). Findings demonstrated that attributional styles, insecure attachment to mother and family cohesion directly predicted social anxiety; attachment to parents by cohesion predicted success attribution and family cohesion by success attribution predicted increase and decrease in social anxiety. Based on the results it could be concluded that family cohesion and success attribution decrease social anxiety, whereas, insecurity to mother and failure attribution increase social anxiety Manuscript profile

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