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Open Access Article
1 - A theoretical study on methamphetamine: geometry, energies, NMR and NBO
Jamileh Shakibayifar Karim Zare -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparison of alkaloids of male and female stems of Ephedra major Host and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket
Maryam Ahmadi Babak Delnavaz Hashemloian Azra Ataei Azimi Pejman MoradiPurpose: Different types of Ephedra have two bases, and these two bases are similar in appearance. These medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids. The aim of the present research was to study the dibasic alkaloids of two species to identify t MorePurpose: Different types of Ephedra have two bases, and these two bases are similar in appearance. These medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids. The aim of the present research was to study the dibasic alkaloids of two species to identify the male and female bases in the early growth period.Materials and Methods: In June 2017, male and female shoots of Ephedra major Host from Bijar Kurdistan and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were collected from Saveh. Alkaloid extracts were prepared from the shoots of male and female bases and the compounds of the extracts were studied by thin layer chromatography and mass gas chromatography.Findings: Chromatography of the alkaloid thin layer of the shoots of the male and female stems of Ephedra major Host and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket showed that the two stems differ from each other in terms of the type of alkaloid. Mass gas chromatography showed that there are more than 24 and 28 alkaloids in the alkaloid extract of the bases of the female and male Ephedra major Host, respectively, and 19 and 20 alkaloids in the Ephedra intermedia Schrenket, respectively, with more than 0.2 mgg-1dw. The most alkaloids in Ephedra major Host female base were 2-Oxazolidinone and three important medicinal alkaloids ephedrine, amphetamine and serotonin and the most alkaloids in the male base were psedovaphedrine, ephedrine and 2-Oxazolidinone. Most alkaloids were different in two bases. Alkaloids ephedraoxane, tetramethyluric acid, ergotamine, and phendimetrazine were the four important medicinal alkaloids in the base of Ephedra intermedia Schrenket substance. Most of the base alkaloids of male and female Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were different. It was not observed in both bases of Ephedra internesia Schrenket, ephedrine and psedovaphedrine.Conclusion: two species of Ephedra and male and female bases, each of them are different in terms of alkaloids and other effective substances, and by considering a different alkaloid, they can be identified in the early stages of growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparison of the efficacy cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on signs in stimulants substance users (Methamphetamine)
Ali Rahimi Nadereh Sohrabi Azarmidokht Rezayei Serus SarvghadThe purpose of this Study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on signs of stimulants substance users (Methamphetamine). The statistical population of this study were all male substance users (methampheta MoreThe purpose of this Study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on signs of stimulants substance users (Methamphetamine). The statistical population of this study were all male substance users (methamphetamin) who were refered to treatment centers in Shiraz . Participant in this study were 28 methamphetamine users selected in a purposive sampling method who were assigned to three groups randomly: two test groups an one control group, one test group received intervention based on group cognitive-behavioral therapy -matrix-model; the other test group received intervention according to group therapy based on acceptance and commitment. Twenty four sessions of 45-minute therapy were given to test groups; whereas control group received no intervention. Assigned Tool involved: Signs Substance Use Questionnaire. (Ghodradi, 1389). All participants responded to before and after the intervention, and 3 months follow up. was use analysis of covariance test and Tukey post hoc test . The results search showed the between effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and control group 2- the between effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment control group 3- between efficacy cognitive behavioral group therapy and acceptance and commitment group therapy was significant difference on the reducing signs in substance user at post-test and follow up (p<0/001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effectiveness of Self- Compassion Therapy on Worry and Rumination Among Methamphetamine Abusers in Kermanshah
zeinab sadat hoseini Vahid Ahmadi Mami, ShahramThis research was aimed to investigating the effectiveness of self- compassion therapy on worry and rumination among methamphetamine abusers. The research is a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population includes all the MoreThis research was aimed to investigating the effectiveness of self- compassion therapy on worry and rumination among methamphetamine abusers. The research is a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population includes all the male addicted consumers of methamphetamine who referred to addiction treatment clinics in Kermanshah in year 2019. 30 people selected in the form of voluntary purposive method, were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups each of which included 15people. The subjects of the experimental group received the self- compassion therapy program during eight 90-min sessions. Research assessment tools included Penn State Worry Questionnaire (Molina & Borkovec, 1994) and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that self- compassion therapy was significant effectived on reducing worry and rumination (p< 0/001). Based on the the negative psychological consequences of the use of stimulants and the accompanying psychological and physical harms that can endanger the health of the addict and society, it is necessary attention to provide effective psychological interventions in addiction treatment centers such as self- compassion therapy to reduceing worry and rumination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Efficacy of Matrix Therapy on Self-Control and Social Adjustment of Methamphetamine Abusers Compared to Reality Therapy
Ameneh Oji Alireza Heidarei saeed bakhtiarpour Naser SerajkhoramiThe aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of matrix treatment and modern group reality therapy on self-control and social adjustment in methamphetamine-dependent men treated with buprenorphine. The present study was experimental with pre-test and post-tes MoreThe aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of matrix treatment and modern group reality therapy on self-control and social adjustment in methamphetamine-dependent men treated with buprenorphine. The present study was experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all methamphetamine-dependent men receiving maintenance therapy with buprenorphine referred to Tehran Drug Addiction Treatment Centers in winter 1977. Forty-five individuals were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. At first, self-control and social adjustment were assessed through the Tanji self-control questionnaire and Bell's social adjustment questionnaire. The first group received matrix therapy and the second group received group reality therapy; the third group received only buprenorphine maintenance therapy. The variables were evaluated again at post-test. The results showed that both treatments were effective on self-control and social adjustment (P <0.01). Also, the difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments was significant (P <0.01) and matrix treatment had more effect on social adjustment. But there was no significant difference between the efficacy of the two treatments on self-control. Given that the matrix model is a combination of cognitive-behavioral programs, coping skills, family education, and support groups, it is recommended to be used in the treatment of methamphetamine-dependent patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of the Effects of Methamphetamine Drug on Cell Growth of Stem cells Derived from Uterine Endometrial Tissue of Rats
Zahra Goudarzi Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini ,Davood Mehrabani Sara HashemiMethamphetamine is a hallucinogenic substance abused by millions of people all around the world. Cellular toxicity in some cell lines is one of the reported effects of this psychoactive substance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of methamph MoreMethamphetamine is a hallucinogenic substance abused by millions of people all around the world. Cellular toxicity in some cell lines is one of the reported effects of this psychoactive substance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of methamphetamine on the growth of adult mesenchymal stem cells extracted from uterine endometrial tissue in rats. In this experimental study, stem cells were extracted from uterine endometrial tissue in rats, and after cultivation, they were investigated in terms of being mesenchymal using flucytometry method and by CD34, CD90 and CD105 markers. In the third passage of cell culture, the effect of methamphetamine toxicity at a concentration of 0.6 mmol was investigated in a 1-8 day period on the growth of mesenchymal stem cells derived from uterine endometrial tissue by formula PDT= T× . Cells isolated from uterine endometrial tissue adhered completely to the floor of the flask 24 hours after being transferred to the cell culture flask. These cells were positive for non-hematopoietic surface marker expression (CD90, CD105) and negative in terms of hematopoietic marker (CD34) expression, so the mesenchymal identity of these cells was confirmed. The results of the cell count test also showed a significant reduction in the growth of cells treated with 0.6 mmol methamphetamine compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that the cells isolated from the uterine endometrial tissue were of the basic mesenchymal type. The results of cell counting revealed that methamphetamine can inhibit growth by inducing the effects of cell toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of the Effects of Methamphetamine on Amniotic Sac Composition in Pregnant Mice and Their Offspring
Milad Rezazadeh Ramin Hajikhani Gholamhassan Vaezi Maryam BananejMethamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant drug that has become very popular among adolescents and young people in recent years. Since the use of drugs including methamphetamine can have a potential effect on amniotic fluid, expression of genes can affect mot MoreMethamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant drug that has become very popular among adolescents and young people in recent years. Since the use of drugs including methamphetamine can have a potential effect on amniotic fluid, expression of genes can affect mother and fetus, tissues, hormones, and other factors, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of methamphetamine on the amniotic sac of pregnant rat and its effects on subsequent generations. In this study, 60 adult Wistar female rats were assigned to six groups: control group, sham group, group receiving 1 mg/kg amphetamine, group receiving 2 mg/kg amphetamine, group receiving 3 mg/kg amphetamine, and group receiving 4 mg/kg amphetamine. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were taken from the hearts of mice and the desired parameters (testosterone, glucose, LH, FSH, AST, ALT, WBC, and RBC) were measured. The rats were then dissected; amniotic fluid was isolated to evaluate the amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats, phospholipids, and urea. Intraperitoneal injection of methamphetamine caused significant changes in the amount of biochemical parameters measured such as LH, T.G, and testosterone compared to the control group. In addition, methamphetamine did not alter FSH. With increasing methamphetamine dose, expression of HOX and TUBB8 genes decreased. The results of this study show that even at low doses, methamphetamine injection increases or decreases ovarian activity and ovogenesis, resulting in impaired ovulation quality and oocyte maturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of the Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on the Human Astrocyte Cell Cycle Exposed to Amyloid Beta
Bita Soltanian Marzieh Dehghan Shasaltaneh Gholam Hossein Riazi Nahid MasoudianAstrocytes are the most important and abundant cells helping neurons. They are involved in the neural survival, ionic, and osmotic homeostasis, as well as in the formation of synapses and growth of the axons and dendrites. Activating markers of the cell cycle increased MoreAstrocytes are the most important and abundant cells helping neurons. They are involved in the neural survival, ionic, and osmotic homeostasis, as well as in the formation of synapses and growth of the axons and dendrites. Activating markers of the cell cycle increased in Alzheimer’s disease. Cyclin dependent kinase 1(Cdk1) and cyclin E2 (CE2) are among the cell cycle markers. Besides, methamphetamine in non-toxic dose reduces the automatic division capacity and leads to cell differentiation. In this study, the human astrocytes exposed to amyloid beta (Aβ) and treated with low doses of methamphetamine (METH) and the cell cycle arrest and expression of the Cdk1 and CE2 were assessed in all groups. Five groups were used: 1- The cells expose to Aβ, 2- The cells exposed to METH, 3- The cells exposed to Aβ and then METH, 4- the cells exposed to METH and then Aβ, 5- The control group. Each group was repeated three times. Cdk1 gene expression decreased in group 3, treatment group, but increased in group 4, prevention group. The CE2 gene expression decreased in both groups. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrest in G1, G2, and S were assessed. In the Group 3, treatment group, G2 decreased; but in group 4, prevention group, it increased. Changes in the cell cycle are the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. The low dose of METH can reduce cell cycle activating markers as well as reducing cell division and leading the cells to death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effects of Adagio and Allegro Music on Craving Consumption in Adult Male Rats Consuming Methamphetamine
S.S. Shojaei S.E. HosseiniNowadays, millions of people around the world abused methamphetamine as drug in order to enjoy the day. With regard to the side and addictive effects of this drug, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Adagio and Allegro music on craving consumption in rats tre MoreNowadays, millions of people around the world abused methamphetamine as drug in order to enjoy the day. With regard to the side and addictive effects of this drug, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Adagio and Allegro music on craving consumption in rats treated with methamphetamine. This experimental study was performed in Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Iran in 2016. Overall, 70 adult male rats were divided into control group (no treatment), sham (treated with a solvent) and 5 experimental groups receiving 1mg/kg methamphetamine influenced Adagio music, Allegro music, Adagio music with methamphetamine and Allegro music with methamphetamine. To assess craving consumption, conditioned place preference method was used. At the end, the data were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey-test using SPSS-18. Significant differences of data at P≤0.05 were observed from the data analysis. Using methamphetamine and Adagio music alone and with each other as well as Allegro music with methamphetamine resulted in a significant increase Conditioned Place Preference at P≤0/01 compared to the control group while the Allegro music alone showed no significant effect. Music and methamphetamine probably by stimulating oxytocin and dopamine systems of the brain caused to increase the conditioned place preference; therefore, likely Adagio music can be employed as a safe way to reduce craving consumption in abusers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety among Methamphetamine addicts
Biuok TajeriMethamphetamine use has a lot of adverse effects as it enters the nervous system, affects dopamine’s level, and as a result stimulates the brain and increase aggressiveness and physical movements. Consumption of Shisha is a high-risk behavior among patients with s MoreMethamphetamine use has a lot of adverse effects as it enters the nervous system, affects dopamine’s level, and as a result stimulates the brain and increase aggressiveness and physical movements. Consumption of Shisha is a high-risk behavior among patients with substance abuse. The most serious sign of methamphetamine withdrawal is depression that may be associated with suicidal thoughts or behavior. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing symptoms of depression and Anxiety among methamphetamine addicts. Therefore, in a quasi-experimental study, 30 individuals diagnosed with dependence on methamphetamine were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of an hour treatment. The subjects were evaluated for depression and anxiety before treatment, after the sixth and the twelfth sessions, and 90 days after the completion of the treatment. The result of covariance analysis and analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that the level of depression and anxiety in the experimental group were lower compared to the control group in all phases of intervention and that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression among addicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effectiveness of CBT in the prevention of slip of people dependant on Methamphetamine
Fatemeh Behroziyan Mostafa nokani Hamid Reza MohajeraniMethamphetamine, is a stimulant and addictive substance that stimulates the brain and nervous system severely, chemically it has a greater effect than amphetamines. There is no single biological treatment for the substance abuse of this material. Therapeutic conce MoreMethamphetamine, is a stimulant and addictive substance that stimulates the brain and nervous system severely, chemically it has a greater effect than amphetamines. There is no single biological treatment for the substance abuse of this material. Therapeutic concentrations are focused on psychological interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy in the prevention of slip-dependent individuals on Methamphetamine. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental, pre-test - post-test and random assignment, 30 men with Methamphetamine substance abuse who were detoxified under supervision of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences were chosen from available samples. They were assigned to two groups of experiment and control randomly. Groups were tested with regular urine tests during the intervention. Then the experiment group underwent 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Results of chi-square tests indicated that a significant difference existed in the recurrence rate of students in the experimental and control groups. It seems that group cognitive-behavioral therapy helps the patients deal with the reality of drug use, get aware of the negative consequences of using it, and have a strong incentive to continue to leave. Manuscript profile
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